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Tradução De John Keats Em Portugal: Séculos XIX-XX Miguel Alexandre Santos Dias Dissertação De Mestrado Em

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Tradução De John Keats Em Portugal: Séculos XIX-XX Miguel Alexandre Santos Dias Dissertação De Mestrado Em Sobre a (Não-) Tradução de John Keats em Portugal: Séculos XIX-XX XX - Miguel Alexandre Santos Dias ats em Portugal: Séculos XIX Séculos em ats Portugal: Dissertação de Mestrado em Tradução, de John Ke John de Área de Especialização em Inglês Miguel Alexandre Santos Dias Santos Alexandre Miguel ) Tradução ) - (Não Sobre a Sobre Novembro 2017 Dissertação apresentada para o cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Tradução, área de especialização em Inglês, realizada sob a orientação científica da Prof.ª Doutora Gabriela Gândara Terenas e a co-orientação da Prof.ª Doutora Maria Zulmira Castanheira. I weep for Adonais—he is dead! Oh, weep for Adonais! though our tears Thaw not the frost which binds so dear a head! And thou, sad Hour, selected from all years To mourn our loss, rouse thy obscure compeers, And teach them thine own sorrow, say: "With me Died Adonais; till the Future dares Forget the Past, his fate and fame shall be An echo and a light unto eternity!" P. B. Shelley, Adonaïs AGRADECIMENTOS Devo agradecer, primeiramente, à minha família, em particular aos meus pais, sem os quais não teria a possibilidade de ingressar neste mestrado, nem de me dedicar a cem por cento à produção desta dissertação durante todo um ano lectivo. Sinto-me imensamente grato pelo apoio e confiança que sempre depositaram em mim, desde os meus primórdios como estudante universitário. Em seguida, devo um enorme agradecimento à Prof.ª Doutora Gabriela Gândara Terenas e à Prof.ª Doutora Maria Zulmira Castanheira, por todo o incentivo, interesse, paciência e disponibilidade que me transmitiram, não apenas durante a orientação da dissertação, mas logo desde as respectivas unidades curriculares leccionadas no âmbito do programa do Mestrado em Tradução na Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Sem a sua ajuda, provavelmente não sentiria, de momento, esta enorme satisfação, proveniente do final de uma jornada árdua, mas valiosa. Os meus sinceros agradecimentos a ambas. Quero agradecer também a todos os meus amigos e colegas de turma pelo companheirismo e camaradagem, sem os quais seria impossível manter a sanidade mental entre as longas estadas passadas nas bibliotecas. Aos muitos que frequentemente me perguntaram “– A tua tese é sobre o quê?”, e aos muitos que me brindaram com um vacilante “– Ah…” quando lhes tentei explicar, mas que continuo a amar de coração aberto. Obrigado, nas palavras do próprio Keats, por “the wine of love – and the bread of Friendship”. RESUMO John Keats (1795-1821) foi um dos principais poetas a escrever durante o apogeu do movimento romântico inglês, sendo hoje considerado como um escritor canónico no âmbito da Literatura Inglesa. Tendo em conta o panorama da tradução de obras inglesas para português europeu, e atentando à importância deste autor no sistema literário de partida, verifica-se que grande parte da sua obra não se encontra traduzida em Portugal. Neste contexto, o objectivo final da presente dissertação será procurar apurar as razões de tal fenómeno de não-tradução, traçando, para o efeito, um historial da recepção do poeta no sistema literário português. Partir-se-á, assim, de um estudo do romantismo inglês e da sua influência em Portugal, assim como em França, país que frequentemente ocupou uma função de mediador entre as culturas inglesa e portuguesa, até meados do século XX. Em seguida, estudar-se-á o papel e a presença de John Keats nestes sistemas culturais, prestando particular atenção à realidade oitocentista. Nesta fase serão enumeradas e criticadas todas as traduções portuguesas encontradas do autor em apreço, assim como a bibliografia ensaística escrita no país sobre Keats e a sua obra poética. Finalmente, a dissertação incidirá sobre a não-tradução generalizada de poetas românticos ingleses durante o século XIX português, salvo raras excepções que serão devidamente mencionadas. A tipologia da não-tradução proposta por João Ferreira Duarte será adoptada para se procurar explicar os motivos da escassa tradução de John Keats em Portugal. Palavras-Chave: (não-)tradução, romantismo, recepção, mediação, crítica ABSTRACT John Keats (1795-1821) was one of the main poets active during the zenith of English Romanticism. Today, he is widely regarded as a canonical writer in the scope of English Literature. As such, and taking into account the frequent translation of English works in Portugal, it is somewhat unexpected to find that the majority of his poetry remains untranslated in the country. The aim of this dissertation is, therefore, to attempt to identify the reasons of said non-translation, mainly through the analysis of the historical remnants of the reception of Keats in the Portuguese literary system. The first course of action is therefore to study English Romanticism and its influence in Portugal, as well as in France, which often occupied the position of mediator between these two cultures, up until the mid-twentieth century. The presence of Keats in these cultural systems is then examined, with special attention being paid to the reality of the eighteenth century in each country. This chapter also contains all of the Portuguese translations found of Keats’ poetry, with each being individually criticized, as well as an assortment of the bibliography written in Portugal regarding the poet and his literary work. The third chapter concerns the generalized non-translation of English romantic poets during the eighteenth century in Portugal, barring some specific cases which are properly stated. The typology of non- translation suggested by João Ferreira Duarte is adopted in order to attempt to explain the reasons behind the low amount of Portuguese translations of John Keats. Keywords: (non-)translation, romanticism, reception, mediation, criticism ÍNDICE Introdução ........................................................................................................................ 1 1. Os Romantismos .......................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Inglaterra (Sistema de Partida) ................................................................................ 7 1.2. Portugal (Sistema de Chegada) ............................................................................. 15 1.3. França (Sistema Mediador) ................................................................................... 19 2. O Caso de John Keats ............................................................................................... 26 2.1. Keats no Sistema de Partida Oitocentista ............................................................. 31 2.2. Keats no Sistema de Chegada Oitocentista ........................................................... 41 2.3. A (Não-) Mediação Francesa de Keats no século XIX ......................................... 43 2.4. As Traduções Portuguesas .................................................................................... 44 2.4.1. O Perfil dos Tradutores .............................................................................. 49 2.4.2. Análise das Traduções ............................................................................... 54 2.5. Estudos Realizados em Portugal Sobre o Autor ................................................... 68 3. A (Não-) Tradução de Poetas Românticos Ingleses no Portugal de Oitocentos .. 76 4. Para uma Tipologia da Não-Tradução .................................................................... 87 4.1. A Não-Tradução de John Keats no Portugal de Oitocentos ................................. 91 Conclusão ....................................................................................................................... 94 Bibliografia ..................................................................................................................... 97 I) Fontes Primárias ....................................................................................................... 97 II) Fontes Secundárias .................................................................................................. 97 1. Estudos de Tradução e de Recepção ................................................................ 97 2. Estudos Sobre John Keats .............................................................................. 102 3. Estudos Sobre os Românticos e os Romantismos ......................................... 104 4. Varia .............................................................................................................. 107 Anexos ........................................................................................................................... 111 1. Traduções Portuguesas dos Poemas de Keats ........................................................ 111 2. Propostas de Tradução do Autor da Dissertação ................................................... 152 INTRODUÇÃO A tradução em Portugal é uma actividade que, nas suas origens, remonta à Idade Média, tendo em conta que a língua portuguesa (galego-português, na verdade) apenas terá sido instituída por D. Dinis como língua oficial das Cortes do país no final do século XIII. Embora o próprio D. Dinis fosse um propulsor da prática tradutória, terá sido apenas por volta de Quatrocentos que a tradução teve o seu primeiro grande impulso no país, envolvendo obras originalmente escritas em latim. Tratava-se, na maioria dos casos, de textos de cariz governativo e administrativo, textos bíblicos, bulas papais e afins.1 A. A. Gonçalves Rodrigues considera o ano de 1495
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