75Th Anniversary of the Japanese American Incarceration
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75th Anniversary of the Japanese American Incarceration February 19, 1942: A Day the Constitution Died Could It Happen Again? This program is presented by the Twin Cities Japanese American Citizens League Education Committee in co-sponsorship with the Minnesota Historical Society with funding from The JACL Legacy Fund Les and Karen Suzukamo and The Donald S. Maeda Memorial Fund Pocket-size copies of the Constitution donated by the Minnesota American Civil Liberties Union Banners on display in the rotunda courtesy of Minnesota Asian Pacific American Bar Association Visit our informational tables 2 75th Anniversary of the Japanese American Incarceration February 19, 1942: A Day the Constitution Died Could It Happen Again? February 19, 2017 Minnesota History Center 345 West Kellogg Boulevard St. Paul, MN 55102 3M Auditorium 3 Program Welcome Remarks: Gordon Nakagawa, Emcee Greetings: D. Stephen Elliott, MNHS Director and CEO What Is the Constitution? Judge Susan Burke Fourth Judicial District, Hennepin County Day of Remembrance 75th Anniversary of Japanese American Incarceration February 19, 1942: A Day the Constitution Died Could It Happen Again? Narrator: David Mura - Poet, Author and Playwright Readers (in order of appearance): Steve Lucas - Physician HealthPartners Kathryn Haddad - Playwright, Artistic Ex. Dir. New Arab American Theater Works Amy Kuniyoshi - Quality Engineer, 3M Ben Hartmann - Student, University of Minnesota Carol Dean - Teacher, Minneapolis Public Schools Matt Farrells - Capital Markets Trading, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. Lisa Hintermeister - Mortgage Banker Amy Dickerson - Property Manager Jim Farrells - Teacher, Minneapolis Public Schools Jon Dickerson - Property Manager Fred Tsuchiya - Mechanical Engineer Sylvia Farrells - Teacher, Minneapolis Public Schools Gordon Nakagawa - Communication and Diversity Consultant Lucy Kirihara - Minidoka Incarceree, Teacher, St. Paul Public Schools Elizabeth Fugikawa - Student, Macalester College John Matsunaga - Artist/Photographer Yuichiro Onishi - Professor, University of Minnesota Albert Yamamoto - MIS Veteran/Small Business Owner Kafia Ahmed - Vice President, Khyre Solutions Mustafa Jumale - President, Khyre Solutions Jaylani Hussein - Exec. Dir. CAIR MN Council on American-Islamic Relations Maryama Dahir - Student, University of Minnesota Kyle “Guante” Tran Myhre “Dust” Kogen Taiko “Growing Beyond” You are invited to join us for the reception in the rotunda 4 immediately following the program. Transcript of Executive Order 9066: Resulting in the Removal of Japanese (1942) Executive Order No. 9066 The President Executive Order Authorizing the Secretary of War to Prescribe Military Areas Whereas the successful prosecution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense material, national-defense premises, and national-defense utilities as defined in Section 4, Act of April 20, 1918, 40 Stat. 533, as amended by the Act of November 30, 1940, 54 Stat. 1220, and the Act of August 21, 1941, 55 Stat. 655 (U.S.C., Title 50, Sec. 104); Now, therefore, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War, and the Military Commanders whom he may from time to time designate, whenever he or any designated Commander deems such action necessary or desirable, to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to provide for residents of any such area who are excluded therefrom, such transportation, food, shelter, and other accommodations as may be necessary, in the judgment of the Secretary of War or the said Military Commander, and until other arrangements are made, to accomplish the purpose of this order. The designation of military areas in any region or locality shall supersede designations of prohibited and restricted areas by the Attorney General under the Proclamations of December 7 and 8, 1941, and shall supersede the responsibility and authority of the Attorney General under the said Proclamations in respect of such prohibited and restricted areas. I hereby further authorize and direct the Secretary of War and the said Military Commanders to take such other steps as he or the appropriate Military Commander may deem advisable to enforce compliance with the restrictions applicable to each Military area hereinabove authorized to be designated, including the use of Federal troops and other Federal Agencies, with authority to accept assistance of state and local agencies. I hereby further authorize and direct all Executive Departments, independent establishments and other Federal Agencies, to assist the Secretary of War or the said Military Commanders in carrying out this Executive Order, including the furnishing of medical aid, hospitalization, food, clothing, transportation, use of land, shelter, and other supplies, equipment, utilities, facilities, and services. This order shall not be construed as modifying or limiting in any way the authority heretofore granted under Executive Order No. 8972, dated December 12, 1941, nor shall it be construed as limiting or modifying the duty and responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, with respect to the investigation of alleged acts of sabotage or the duty and responsibility of the Attorney General and the Department of Justice under the Proclamations of December 7 and 8, 1941, prescribing regulations for the conduct and control of alien enemies, except as such duty and responsibility is superseded by the designation of military areas hereunder. Franklin D. Roosevelt The White House, February 19, 1942 5 7 8 There is a joint statement of solidarity from the TC JACL and CAIR- MN that will go here 9 Puyallup McNeil Island Ft. Lewis Portland Ft. Missoula Ft. Lincoln Kooskia Exclusion Area Heart Mountain Minidoka Ellis Island Tule Lake Marysville Ft. Howard Sacramento Ft. Meade Turlock Topaz Ft. McDowell Tanforan Stockton Merced Pinedale Ft. Leavenworth Tulare Moab Owens Valley Granada Salinas Manzanar Camp Forrest Griffith Park Leupp Santa Fe Pomona Tuna Canyon Santa Anita Mayer Ft. Sill Parker Stringtown Jerome Dam Poston Old Raton Forest Park Ranch Rohwer Ft. Stanton Gila River Camp Catalina Lordsburg Seagoville Ft. Bliss Camp Camp Livingston Blanding Crystal Ft. Sam Houston City Honouliuli Ft. Richardson WRA Incarceration Center Internment Camp Kenedy WCCA Forced Removal Center Sand Island WRA Isolation Center Dept of Justice Prison Exclusion Zone Cartographer: Elizabeth B. Fugikawa, 11/4/2016 10 Puyallup McNeil Island Ft. Lewis Portland Ft. Missoula Ft. Lincoln Kooskia Exclusion Area Heart Mountain Minidoka Ellis Island Tule Lake Marysville Ft. Howard Sacramento Ft. Meade Turlock Topaz Ft. McDowell Tanforan Stockton Merced Pinedale Ft. Leavenworth Tulare Moab Owens Valley Granada Salinas Manzanar Camp Forrest Griffith Park Leupp Santa Fe Pomona Tuna Canyon Santa Anita Mayer Ft. Sill Parker Stringtown Jerome Dam Poston Old Raton Forest Park Ranch Rohwer Ft. Stanton Gila River Camp Catalina Lordsburg Seagoville Ft. Bliss Camp Camp Livingston Blanding Crystal Ft. Sam Houston City Honouliuli Ft. Richardson WRA Incarceration Center Internment Camp Kenedy WCCA Forced Removal Center Sand Island WRA Isolation Center Dept of Justice Prison Exclusion Zone Cartographer: Elizabeth B. Fugikawa, 11/4/2016 11 TIMELINE: IMPORTANT MOMENTS IN JAPANESE AMERICAN HISTORY: BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER WORLD WAR II MASS INCARCERATION (adapted from www.densho.org) March 26, 1790 The U.S. Congress, in the Naturalization Act of 1790, states that “any alien, being a free white person who shall have resided within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States for a term of two years, may be admitted to become a citizen thereof.” 1870 The Naturalization Act of 1870 adds the phrase “persons of African nativity or descent” to the language of the act of 1790, which is used to deny citizenship to Japanese and most other Asian immigrants until 1952. May 6, 1882 Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act, ending Chinese immigration to the United States. This was the first U.S. immigration law that singled out a group for exclusion based on race. It was repealed on December 17, 1943. February 8, 1885 Japanese laborers begin arriving in Hawaii, recruited by plantation owners to work the sugarcane fields. 1887 Thirty Japanese immigrants arrive in San Francisco to start an agricultural colony in California. The group buys 20 acres in Calaveras County. June 27, 1894 A U.S. district court rules that Japanese immigrants cannot become citizens because they are not “a free white person” as the Naturalization Act of 1790 requires. May 7, 1900 The first large-scale anti-Japanese protest in California is held, organized by various labor groups. February 23, 1905 The front page of the San Francisco Chronicle reads, “The Japanese Invasion: The Problem of the Hour,” which escalates racism towards the Japanese in the Bay Area. May 14, 1905 The Asiatic Exclusion League is formed in San Francisco. In attendance are labor leaders and European immigrants, marking the first organized effort of the anti-Japanese movement. October