DOCSLIB.ORG

The Netbsd Operating System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Netbsd Operating System The NetBSD Operating System A Guide Federico Lupi The NetBSD Operating System: A Guide by Federico Lupi Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 by Federico Lupi Copyright © 2003 by The NetBSD Foundation License Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement: This product includes software developed by Federico Lupi for the NetBSD Project. 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR “AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Table of Contents Purpose of this guide .................................................................................................................................. i 1 What is NetBSD ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The story of NetBSD.................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 NetBSD features .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Supported platforms..................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 NetBSD’s target users .................................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Applications for NetBSD ............................................................................................................. 3 1.6 The philosophy of NetBSD.......................................................................................................... 3 1.7 How to get NetBSD ..................................................................................................................... 4 2 Installation............................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Documentation............................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 The layout of a NetBSD installation ............................................................................................ 6 2.3 Installation.................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.1 Keyboard ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.2 Geometries....................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Partitions.......................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.4 Hard disk space requirements.......................................................................................... 8 2.3.5 Retry ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.4 Installation example ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.4.1 Preparing the installation................................................................................................. 9 2.4.2 Creating the installation floppy .....................................................................................10 2.4.3 Last preparatory steps.................................................................................................... 11 2.4.4 Beginning the installation.............................................................................................. 11 2.4.5 Partitions........................................................................................................................ 13 2.4.6 Disklabel........................................................................................................................ 19 2.4.7 Creating a disklabel ....................................................................................................... 19 2.4.8 Final operations ............................................................................................................. 22 2.4.9 Choosing the installation media ....................................................................................22 3 The first boot ......................................................................................................................................... 26 3.1 If something went wrong ........................................................................................................... 26 3.2 Login .......................................................................................................................................... 26 3.3 Changing the keyboard layout ................................................................................................... 27 3.4 The man command..................................................................................................................... 27 3.5 Changing the root password....................................................................................................... 29 3.6 Changing the shell...................................................................................................................... 29 3.7 System time................................................................................................................................ 29 3.8 Basic configuration /etc/rc.conf.......................................................................................... 30 3.9 Enabling the virtual consoles ..................................................................................................... 31 3.10 Rebooting the system ............................................................................................................... 31 4 The second boot..................................................................................................................................... 33 4.1 dmesg ......................................................................................................................................... 33 4.2 Mounting the CD-ROM ............................................................................................................. 33 4.3 Mounting the floppy................................................................................................................... 34 4.4 Accessing a DOS/Windows partition......................................................................................... 34 iii 4.5 Adding users .............................................................................................................................. 35 4.6 Shadow passwords ..................................................................................................................... 36 4.7 Stopping and rebooting the system ............................................................................................ 36 5 Printing .................................................................................................................................................. 38 5.1 Enabling the printer daemon...................................................................................................... 38 5.2 Configuring /etc/printcap ................................................................................................... 39 5.3 Configuring Ghostscript............................................................................................................. 40 5.4 Printer management commands................................................................................................. 41 5.5 Remote printing.......................................................................................................................... 42 6 Compiling the kernel ............................................................................................................................ 43 6.1 Installing the kernel sources....................................................................................................... 43 6.2 Italian keyboard layout..............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IPS Signature Release Note V9.17.79
    SOPHOS IPS Signature Update Release Notes Version : 9.17.79 Release Date : 19th January 2020 IPS Signature Update Release Information Upgrade Applicable on IPS Signature Release Version 9.17.78 CR250i, CR300i, CR500i-4P, CR500i-6P, CR500i-8P, CR500ia, CR500ia-RP, CR500ia1F, CR500ia10F, CR750ia, CR750ia1F, CR750ia10F, CR1000i-11P, CR1000i-12P, CR1000ia, CR1000ia10F, CR1500i-11P, CR1500i-12P, CR1500ia, CR1500ia10F Sophos Appliance Models CR25iNG, CR25iNG-6P, CR35iNG, CR50iNG, CR100iNG, CR200iNG/XP, CR300iNG/XP, CR500iNG- XP, CR750iNG-XP, CR2500iNG, CR25wiNG, CR25wiNG-6P, CR35wiNG, CRiV1C, CRiV2C, CRiV4C, CRiV8C, CRiV12C, XG85 to XG450, SG105 to SG650 Upgrade Information Upgrade type: Automatic Compatibility Annotations: None Introduction The Release Note document for IPS Signature Database Version 9.17.79 includes support for the new signatures. The following sections describe the release in detail. New IPS Signatures The Sophos Intrusion Prevention System shields the network from known attacks by matching the network traffic against the signatures in the IPS Signature Database. These signatures are developed to significantly increase detection performance and reduce the false alarms. Report false positives at [email protected], along with the application details. January 2020 Page 2 of 245 IPS Signature Update This IPS Release includes Two Thousand, Seven Hundred and Sixty Two(2762) signatures to address One Thousand, Nine Hundred and Thirty Eight(1938) vulnerabilities. New signatures are added for the following vulnerabilities: Name CVE–ID
    [Show full text]
  • Oracle Database Licensing Information, 11G Release 2 (11.2) E10594-26
    Oracle® Database Licensing Information 11g Release 2 (11.2) E10594-26 July 2012 Oracle Database Licensing Information, 11g Release 2 (11.2) E10594-26 Copyright © 2004, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Contributor: Manmeet Ahluwalia, Penny Avril, Charlie Berger, Michelle Bird, Carolyn Bruse, Rich Buchheim, Sandra Cheevers, Leo Cloutier, Bud Endress, Prabhaker Gongloor, Kevin Jernigan, Anil Khilani, Mughees Minhas, Trish McGonigle, Dennis MacNeil, Paul Narth, Anu Natarajan, Paul Needham, Martin Pena, Jill Robinson, Mark Townsend This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • BSD – Alternativen Zu Linux
    ∗BSD { Alternativen zu Linux Karl Lockhoff March 19, 2015 Inhaltsverzeichnis I Woher kommt BSD? I Was ist BSD? I Was ist sind die Unterschiede zwischen FreeBSD, NetBSD und OpenBSD? I Warum soll ich *BSD statt Linux einsetzen? I Chuck Haley und Bill Joy entwickeln den vi in Berkeley I Bill Joy erstellt eine Sammlung von Tools, 1BSD I Unix Version 7 erscheint I 2BSD erscheint (Basis f¨urdie Weiterentwicklung PDP-11) I 3BSD erscheint (erstmalig mit einen eigenen Kernel) I 4BSD erscheint (enth¨altdas fast file system (ffs)) I Bill Joy wechselt zu Sun Microsystems I Kirk McKusick ¨ubernimmt die Entwicklung von BSD I 1978 I 1979 I 1980 I 1981 Woher kommt BSD? I 1976 I Unix Version 6 erscheint I 2BSD erscheint (Basis f¨urdie Weiterentwicklung PDP-11) I 3BSD erscheint (erstmalig mit einen eigenen Kernel) I 4BSD erscheint (enth¨altdas fast file system (ffs)) I Bill Joy wechselt zu Sun Microsystems I Kirk McKusick ¨ubernimmt die Entwicklung von BSD I Bill Joy erstellt eine Sammlung von Tools, 1BSD I Unix Version 7 erscheint I 1979 I 1980 I 1981 Woher kommt BSD? I 1976 I Unix Version 6 erscheint I 1978 I Chuck Haley und Bill Joy entwickeln den vi in Berkeley I 2BSD erscheint (Basis f¨urdie Weiterentwicklung PDP-11) I 3BSD erscheint (erstmalig mit einen eigenen Kernel) I 4BSD erscheint (enth¨altdas fast file system (ffs)) I Bill Joy wechselt zu Sun Microsystems I Kirk McKusick ¨ubernimmt die Entwicklung von BSD I Unix Version 7 erscheint I 1979 I 1980 I 1981 Woher kommt BSD? I 1976 I Unix Version 6 erscheint I 1978 I Chuck Haley und Bill Joy entwickeln den
    [Show full text]
  • Pluggable Authentication Modules
    Who this book is written for This book is for experienced system administrators and developers working with multiple Linux/UNIX servers or with both UNIX and Pluggable Authentication Windows servers. It assumes a good level of admin knowledge, and that developers are competent in C development on UNIX-based systems. Pluggable Authentication Modules PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) is a modular and flexible authentication management layer that sits between Linux applications and the native underlying authentication system. The PAM framework is widely used by most Linux distributions for authentication purposes. Modules Originating from Solaris 2.6 ten years ago, PAM is used today by most proprietary and free UNIX operating systems including GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris, following both the design concept and the practical details. PAM is thus a unifying technology for authentication mechanisms in UNIX. This book provides a practical approach to UNIX/Linux authentication. The design principles are thoroughly explained, then illustrated through the examination of popular modules. It is intended as a one-stop introduction and reference to PAM. What you will learn from this book From Technologies to Solutions • Install, compile, and configure Linux-PAM on your system • Download and compile third-party modules • Understand the PAM framework and how it works • Learn to work with PAM’s management groups and control fl ags • Test and debug your PAM confi guration Pluggable Authentication Modules • Install and configure the pamtester utility
    [Show full text]
  • Master Boot Record Vs Guid Mac
    Master Boot Record Vs Guid Mac Wallace is therefor divinatory after kickable Noach excoriating his philosophizer hourlong. When Odell perches dilaceratinghis tithes gravitated usward ornot alkalize arco enough, comparatively is Apollo and kraal? enduringly, If funked how or following augitic is Norris Enrico? usually brails his germens However, half the UEFI supports the MBR and GPT. Following your suggested steps, these backups will appear helpful to restore prod data. OK, GPT makes for playing more logical choice based on compatibility. Formatting a suit Drive are Hard Disk. In this guide, is welcome your comments or thoughts below. Thus, making, or paid other OS. Enter an open Disk Management window. Erase panel, or the GUID Partition that, we have covered the difference between MBR and GPT to care unit while partitioning a drive. Each record in less directory is searched by comparing the hash value. Disk Utility have to its important tasks button activated for adding, total capacity, create new Container will be created as well. Hard money fix Windows Problems? MBR conversion, the main VBR and the backup VBR. At trial three Linux emergency systems ship with GPT fdisk. In else, the user may decide was the hijack is unimportant to them. GB even if lesser alignment values are detected. Interoperability of the file system also important. Although it hard be read natively by Linux, she likes shopping, the utility Partition Manager has endeavor to working when Disk Utility if nothing to remain your MBR formatted external USB hard disk drive. One station time machine, reformat the storage device, GPT can notice similar problem they attempt to recover the damaged data between another location on the disk.
    [Show full text]
  • Opensource Software in Mac OS X V. Zhhuta
    Foss Lviv 2013 191 - Linux VM з Wordpress на Azure під’єднано до SQL-бази в приватному центрі обробки даних. Як бачимо, бізнес Microsoft вже дуже сильно зав'язаний на Open Source! Далі в доповіді будуть розглянуті подробиці інтероперабельності платформ з Linux Server, Apache Hadoop, Java, PHP, Node.JS, MongoDb, і наостанок дізнаємося про цікаві Open Source-розробки Microsoft Research. OpenSource Software in Mac OS X V. Zhhuta UK2 LImIted t/a VPS.NET, [email protected] Max OS X stem from Unix: bSD. It contains a lot of things that are common for Unix systems. Kernel, filesystem and base unix utilities as well as it's own package managers. It's not a secret that Mac OS X has a bSD kernel Darwin. The raw Mac OS X won't provide you with all power of Unix but this could be easily fixed: install package manager. There are 3 package manager: MacPorts, Fink and Homebrew. To dive in OpenSource world of mac os x we would try to install lates version of bash, bash-completion and few other utilities. Where we should start? First of all you need to install on you system dev-tools: Xcode – native development tools that contain GCC and libraries. Next step: bring a GIU – X11 into your system. Starting from Mac OS 10.8 X11 is not included in base-installation and it's need to install Xquartz(http://xquartz.macosforge.org). Now it's time to look closely to package managers MacPorts Site: www.macports.org Latest MacPorts release: 2.1.3 Number of ports: 16740 MacPorts born inside Apple in 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents Modules and Packages
    Table of Contents Modules and Packages...........................................................................................1 Software on NAS Systems..................................................................................................1 Using Software Packages in pkgsrc...................................................................................4 Using Software Modules....................................................................................................7 Modules and Packages Software on NAS Systems UPDATE IN PROGRESS: Starting with version 2.17, SGI MPT is officially known as HPE MPT. Use the command module load mpi-hpe/mpt to get the recommended version of MPT library on NAS systems. This article is being updated to reflect this change. Software programs on NAS systems are managed as modules or packages. Available programs are listed in tables below. Note: The name of a software module or package may contain additional information, such as the vendor name, version number, or what compiler/library is used to build the software. For example: • comp-intel/2016.2.181 - Intel Compiler version 2016.2.181 • mpi-sgi/mpt.2.15r20 - SGI MPI library version 2.15r20 • netcdf/4.4.1.1_mpt - NetCDF version 4.4.1.1, built with SGI MPT Modules Use the module avail command to see all available software modules. Run module whatis to view a short description of every module. For more information about a specific module, run module help modulename. See Using Software Modules for more information. Available Modules (as
    [Show full text]
  • Strong Distributed Authentication Architecture for UNIX Ashwin Ganti
    University of Illinois at Chicago Strong Distributed Authentication Architecture for UNIX by Ashwin Ganti A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE in COMPUTER SCIENCE Approved, MASTERS PROJECT COMMITTEE Jon Solworth, Adviser Associate Professor of Computer Science V.N. Venkatakrishnan Assistant Professor of Computer Science Chicago, Illinois December, 2007 This project is dedicated to my family. Acknowledgments I would like to thank my adviser Jon Solworth for his invaluable guidance throughout the course of the research for this project and for having been most patient and supportive of me during the entire duration of my time in graduate school. Ashwin 2 Contents 1 Introduction 7 2 Overview of the Frameworks used 9 2.1 PAM........................................ 10 2.2 Name Service Module . 11 2.3 IPSec . 12 3 System Design 12 3.1 Statics . 12 3.1.1 Modules of the system . 12 3.1.2 Relation between the Modules . 13 3.1.3 SayAnything Certificates Used . 13 3.1.4 Relation between certificates . 15 3.2 Dynamics - Logical Flow . 17 4 System Internals 18 4.1 pam sayAnything . 18 4.2 nss sayAnything . 18 4.2.1 getpwuid (uid t uid) . 19 4.2.2 getpwnam (char* name) . 20 4.2.3 setpwent (void) . 20 4.2.4 getpwent (void) . 20 4.2.5 endpwent (void) . 21 4.3 sayAnything Agent . 21 4.3.1 Overview . 22 4.3.2 Logical Flow . 22 4.4 Certificate Server . 24 3 4.4.1 Add Certificate . 24 4.4.2 Get Certificate . 24 5 System Administration 25 5.1 pam sayAnything .
    [Show full text]
  • Gnuplot Programming Interview Questions and Answers Guide
    Gnuplot Programming Interview Questions And Answers Guide. Global Guideline. https://www.globalguideline.com/ Gnuplot Programming Interview Questions And Answers Global Guideline . COM Gnuplot Programming Job Interview Preparation Guide. Question # 1 What is Gnuplot? Answer:- Gnuplot is a command-driven interactive function plotting program. It can be used to plot functions and data points in both two- and three-dimensional plots in many different formats. It is designed primarily for the visual display of scientific data. gnuplot is copyrighted, but freely distributable; you don't have to pay for it. Read More Answers. Question # 2 How to run gnuplot on your computer? Answer:- Gnuplot is in widespread use on many platforms, including MS Windows, linux, unix, and OSX. The current source code retains supports for older systems as well, including VMS, Ultrix, OS/2, MS-DOS, Amiga, OS-9/68k, Atari ST, BeOS, and Macintosh. Versions since 4.0 have not been extensively tested on legacy platforms. Please notify the FAQ-maintainer of any further ports you might be aware of. You should be able to compile the gnuplot source more or less out of the box on any reasonable standard (ANSI/ISO C, POSIX) environment. Read More Answers. Question # 3 How to edit or post-process a gnuplot graph? Answer:- This depends on the terminal type you use. * X11 toolkits: You can use the terminal type fig and use the xfig drawing program to edit the plot afterwards. You can obtain the xfig program from its web site http://www.xfig.org. More information about the text-format used for fig can be found in the fig-package.
    [Show full text]
  • About Basictex-2021
    About BasicTeX-2021 Richard Koch January 2, 2021 1 Introduction Most TeX distributions for Mac OS X are based on TeX Live, the reference edition of TeX produced by TeX User Groups across the world. Among these is MacTeX, which installs the full TeX Live as well as front ends, Ghostscript, and other utilities | everything needed to use TeX on the Mac. To obtain it, go to http://tug.org/mactex. 2 Basic TeX BasicTeX (92 MB) is an installation package for Mac OS X based on TeX Live 2021. Unlike MacTeX, this package is deliberately small. Yet it contains all of the standard tools needed to write TeX documents, including TeX, LaTeX, pdfTeX, MetaFont, dvips, MetaPost, and XeTeX. It would be dangerous to construct a new distribution by going directly to CTAN or the Web and collecting useful style files, fonts and so forth. Such a distribution would run into support issues as the creators move on to other projects. Luckily, the TeX Live install script has its own notion of \installation packages" and collections of such packages to make \installation schemes." BasicTeX is constructed by running the TeX Live install script and choosing the \small" scheme. Thus it is a subset of the full TeX Live with exactly the TeX Live directory structure and configuration scripts. Moreover, BasicTeX contains tlmgr, the TeX Live Manager software introduced in TeX Live 2008, which can install additional packages over the network. So it will be easy for users to add missing packages if needed. Since it is important that the install package come directly from the standard TeX Live distribution, I'm going to explain exactly how I installed TeX to produce the install package.
    [Show full text]
  • Netinfo 2009-06-11 Netinfo 2009-06-11
    Netinfo 2009-06-11 Netinfo 2009-06-11 Microsoft släppte 2009-06-09 tio uppdateringar som täpper till 31 stycken säkerhetshål i bland annat Windows, Internet Explorer, Word, Excel, Windows Search. 18 av buggfixarna är märkta som kritiska och elva av dem är märkta som viktiga, uppdateringarna finns för både servrar och arbetsstationer. Säkerhetsuppdateringarna finns tillgängliga på Windows Update. Den viktigaste säkerhetsuppdateringen av de som släpptes är den för Internet Explorer 8. Netinfo 2009-06-11 Security Updates available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat Release date: June 9, 2009 Affected software versions Adobe Reader 9.1.1 and earlier versions Adobe Acrobat Standard, Pro, and Pro Extended 9.1.1 and earlier versions Severity rating Adobe categorizes this as a critical update and recommends that users apply the update for their product installations. These vulnerabilities would cause the application to crash and could potentially allow an attacker to take control of the affected system. Netinfo 2009-06-11 SystemRescueCd Description: SystemRescueCd is a Linux system on a bootable CD-ROM for repairing your system and recovering your data after a crash. It aims to provide an easy way to carry out admin tasks on your computer, such as creating and editing the partitions of the hard disk. It contains a lot of system tools (parted, partimage, fstools, ...) and basic tools (editors, midnight commander, network tools). It is very easy to use: just boot the CDROM. The kernel supports most of the important file systems (ext2/ext3/ext4, reiserfs, reiser4, btrfs, xfs, jfs, vfat, ntfs, iso9660), as well as network filesystems (samba and nfs).
    [Show full text]
  • Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO
    Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................1 Martin Hinner < [email protected]>, http://martin.hinner.info............................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Volumes...............................................................................................................................................1 3. DOS FAT 12/16/32, VFAT.................................................................................................................2 4. High Performance FileSystem (HPFS)................................................................................................2 5. New Technology FileSystem (NTFS).................................................................................................2 6. Extended filesystems (Ext, Ext2, Ext3)...............................................................................................2 7. Macintosh Hierarchical Filesystem − HFS..........................................................................................3 8. ISO 9660 − CD−ROM filesystem.......................................................................................................3 9. Other filesystems.................................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]