Matteo Renzi

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Matteo Renzi Matteo Renzi Italia, Primer ministro Duración del mandato: 22 de Febrero de 2014 - En funciones Nacimiento: Florencia, región de Toscana, 11 de Enero de 1975 Partido político: PD Profesión : Comercial de marketing ResumenEl 22 de febrero de 2014 asumió la presidencia del Consejo de Ministros de Italia Matteo Renzi, el recién elegido líder del gobernante Partido Democrático (PD) y desde 2009 alcalde de Florencia. Con 39 años el más joven primer ministro en la historia del país transalpino y sin experiencia en la gestión pública nacional, Renzi, cuyos atributos más señalados son la desenvoltura mediática, la absoluta confianza en sus posibilidades reformistas y, según sus propias palabras, una "ambición desmesurada", ha coronado su fulgurante ascenso al poder en un movimiento desarrollado en dos tiempos. Así, primero, en diciembre de 2013, conquistó la Secretaría Nacional del PD, poniendo fin al período de interinidad abierto por la renuncia de Pier Luigi Bersani, el frustrado aspirante a jefe de Gobierno tras las elecciones de febrero y al que había disputado sin éxito la elección primaria de 2012. Luego, al cabo de dos meses, el síndico florentino no vaciló en desautorizar al primer ministro Enrico Letta, colega del partido y, como él, procedente de su ala popular- católica, centrista -diferente de la tradición socialdemócrata, ex comunista-, acusándole de pasividad reformista, obligándole a dimitir y arrebatándole el cargo con el concurso del presidente de la República, Giorgio Napolitano.Renzi se ha hecho con el timón de Italia apoyado en una coalición mayoritaria que además de su partido componen los nuevos centroderechistas de Angelino Alfano, los centristas liberales de Elección Cívica y los democristianos de la Unión de Centro. Transgresor y heterodoxo, ágil y directo, veleidoso (aseguró que nunca iría contra Letta) y pragmático, Renzi se propone transformar Italia, sacándola de la crisis económica y al mismo tiempo librándola de los viejos vicios y costumbres que anquilosan su "burocratizado" sistema político, para el que ha pedido el "desguace" de todos los rostros veteranos, empezando por los de su propio partido. Este discurso regenerador lucha por hacerse con un espacio mayoritario en un ambiente de profundo malestar ciudadano y hasta ahora dominado por las estridencias de personajes como Silvio Berlusconi y Beppe Grillo, pero su autor no se ha librado de las acusaciones de ligereza, imprecisión ideológica y populismo. El "programa radical de reformas" de Renzi incluye una nueva ley electoral (polémicamente pactada con Berlusconi), la conversión del Senado en una cámara territorial, la reducción de los costes de la política, la supresión de http://www.cidob.org 1 of 13 privilegios corporativos y la creación de empleo con medidas de corte liberal. Tras jurar el cargo, Renzi obtuvo la confianza de las dos cámaras del Parlamento, institución que pisa por primera vez al no figurar en su currículum los mandatos de diputado o senador. Siguiendo la estela de Mario Monti y de Letta, es el tercer primer ministro que accede al Palacio Chigi sin el voto expreso de los ciudadanos en poco mas de dos años. Las europeas de mayo serán el primer examen electoral del nuevo gobernante.(Texto actualizado hasta febrero 2014) http://www.cidob.org 2 of 13 Biografía 1. Recorrido en la política florentina y miembro del ala centrista del PD 2. Abogado de la reforma política y contrincante de Pier Luigi Bersani 3. Las frustrantes elecciones de 2013 y la conquista del liderazgo demócrata 4. Desautorización de Enrico Letta y asalto a la jefatura del Gobierno de Italia 1. Recorrido en la política florentina y miembro del ala centrista del PD Segundo de cuatro hermanos e hijo de un concejal miembro de la Democracia Cristiana (DC), nació en Florencia pero creció en Rignano sull'Arno, pueblo próximo a la capital de la Toscana donde tenía su hogar la familia. El muchacho, que en sus ratos libres salía de acampada con los scouts católicos de la asociación AGESCI y arbitraba partidos de fútbol de ligas locales, cursó la educación secundaria en un centro público florentino, el Liceo Ginnasio Dante de la vía Puccinotti. Una vez sacado el bachillerato, se matriculó en la cercana Università degli Studi (UniFi) con la intención de titularse en Derecho. En 1994, con 19 años, Renzi, luciendo gafas y haciendo gala de gran una desenvoltura y agilidad mental, concursó en el programa televisivo del Canale 5 La ruota della fortuna. Sus respuestas acertadas le permitieron ganar 48 millones de liras, cantidad considerable que destinó, según dijo, a robustecer las finanzas de la empresa de su familia, Chil Srl, dedicada a los servicios de marketing. En 1996 Renzi dio sus primeros pasos en política como miembro de unos comites estudiantiles de apoyo al prestigioso economista, académico y alto funcionario del Estado Romano Prodi, cabeza de lista de El Olivo, la nueva coalición de centro-izquierda liderada por el ex comunista Partido Democrático de la Izquierda (PDS), y convertido en primer ministro de Italia luego de ganar las elecciones legislativas de abril de 1996, convocadas tras la caída del primer Ejecutivo de Silvio Berlusconi. Fue entonces también cuando Renzi se adhirió al Partido Popular Italiano (PPI), integrante de El Olivo, socio del Gobierno Prodi y la principal formación surgida de las cenizas de la DC, autodisuelta en 1994. Con una orientación demócrata cristiana progresista, el PPI tenía como principales dirigentes a Gerardo Bianco, Franco Marini y Mino Martinazzoli. En 1999, mientras el Gobierno de El Olivo, a raíz de la renuncia de Prodi por la retirada del apoyo parlamentario del Partido de la Refundación Comunista (PRC) de Fausto Bertinotti, se hallaba presidido por Massimo D'Alema, el secretario nacional de los Demócratas de Izquierda (DS, ex PDS), Renzi fue elegido secretario del PPI en la provincia de Florencia. Ese mismo año obtuvo la licenciatura en Derecho con una tesis de fin de carrera centrada en la figura de Giorgio La Pira, alcalde florentino de la DC en la década de los cincuenta, conocido por sus iniciativas pacifistas. Al mismo tiempo, contrajo matrimonio con Agnese Landini, una maestra de escuela a la que había conocido en los scouts en 1994, cuando él tenía 19 y ella 17. La pareja iba a tener tres hijos, Francesco, Emanuele y Ester. En el lustro siguiente, en el terreno profesional, Renzi estuvo dedicado en exclusiva a la empresa de mercadotecnia fundada por su padre, Chil, para la que trabajó como publicista y coordinador del servicio de venta de la La Nazione, el principal periódico florentino de tirada nacional, con el que Chil tenía contrato comercial. Este trabajo, más bien intrascendente para las apetencias del veinteañero, lo realizó Renzi en paralelo a sus actividades políticas, que discurrían por unos vericuetos mucho más prometedores. En 2001 coordinó el capítulo provincial de La Margarita, alianza electoral centrista formada por el PPI, entonces liderado por Pier Luigi Castagnetti, la Renovación Italiana (RI) de Lamberto Dini, los Demócratas seguidores de Prodi y la Unión de Demócratas Europeos Reformistas (UDEUR) de Clemente Mastella. http://www.cidob.org 3 of 13 La Margarita, a su vez, era uno de los bloques integrantes de la coalición oficialista, El Olivo, cuyo cabeza de lista era Francesco Rutelli, hasta ahora alcalde de Roma. Sin embargo, el ganador de los comicios del 13 de mayo de 2001 fue el bloque del centro-derecha liderado por Berlusconi, la Casa de las Libertades, que desalojó al centro-izquierda y retornó al poder tras pasarse seis años en la oposición. En marzo de 2002 el PPI, el RI y los Demócratas procedieron a fusionarse, dando lugar a un partido unificado de centro social que tomó el nombre de Democracia es Libertad-La Margarita, con Rutelli de presidente. Renzi no perdió comba en esta secuencia de transformaciones y en 2003 fue elegido secretario del partido en la provincia de Florencia. En las elecciones provinciales de junio de 2004 Renzi encabezó en Florencia la lista de El Olivo, que con el 58,8% de los votos se impuso con toda facilidad a la Casa de las Libertades y el PRC. Ganador en la primera vuelta, el todavía veinteañero fue investido presidente provincial en sucesión de Michele Gesualdi, colega margarito y en el puesto desde 1999. Esgrimiendo un discurso renovador y de rechazo a la "casta política", en su mandato de cinco años el joven dirigente florentino redujo el aparato burocrático de la provincia y bajó las tasas. Su gestión no estuvo exenta de controversias y en 2012 el Tribunal de Cuentas de Italia iba abrir una investigación de los gastos efectuados por las autoridades provinciales en estos cinco años. En las mismas fechas, el Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas sometió a escrutinio a Florente Multimedia, una sociedad creada por el Ayuntamiento de la ciudad, por posible facturación irregular en contratas de servicios adjudicadas por el Consejo provincial. Entre tanto, la política nacional experimentó importantes novedades. De las elecciones generales de abril de 2006 salió vencedora La Unión, la última y más amplia coalición del centro-izquierda italiano, cuyo componente medular era la Federación del Olivo, integrada por los DS de D'Alema y Piero Fassino, DL-La Margarita y el Movimiento Republicano Europeo (MRE). Con Prodi de nuevo de capitán, la heterogénea alianza de adversarios de Berlusconi retomó las riendas del Ejecutivo. Posteriormente, los DS, que eran los herederos más moderados del extinto PCI, y DL-La Margarita, a su vez el descendiente más progresista de la también finada DC, iniciaron un proceso de fusión orgánica que el 14 de octubre de 2007, con la incorporación de un rosario de formaciones menores, desembocó en el Partido Democrático (PD). Walter Veltroni, quien ya fuera secretario de los DS entre 1998 y 2001, fue elegido secretario nacional del PD, en lo sucesivo el nuevo partido de Renzi.
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