DOCSLIB.ORG

Page 1 VENUS 69 (3–4): 123–133, 2011 ©Malacological Society Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Page 1 VENUS 69 (3–4): 123–133, 2011 ©Malacological Society Of VENUS 69 (3–4): 123–133, 2011 ©Malacological Society of Japan The Bivalve Divariscintilla toyohiwakensis n. sp. (Heterodonta: Galeommatidae) from Japan, a Commensal with a Mantis Shrimp Hiroyoshi Yamashita1, Takuma Haga2** and Jørgen Lützen3* 1Association of Conservation Malacology, 3-1-26-103 Matsugaoka, Kugenuma, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0038, Japan 2Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3-23-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan 3Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Abstract: We describe the morphology of a new species of the bivalve family Galeommatidae, Divariscintilla toyohiwakensis n. sp., which lives in the burrows of the mantis shrimp Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus at Oshinden, Nakatsu, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. An unpaired median tentacle and three paired tentacles issue from the mid-mantle fold, which partially covers the shell. A single flower-like organ originates on the anterior surface of the visceral mass. A byssal adhesive gland is observed on the most posterior part of the foot. This is the first record of the genus in Japan and the North Pacific Ocean. Keywords: Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus, flower-like organ, Lysiosquilloidea, morphology, new species, North Pacific Introduction Species of the predominantly tropical/subtropical family Galeommatidae occur chiefly in marine coastal waters. Most species are cryptic and live attached to the undersurfaces of stones, shale and dead coral pieces. Other species are associated with burrowing crustaceans in that they hide in their host’s burrows. Three species of Ephippodonta Tate, 1889 live commensally with thalassinidean shrimps (Tate, 1889; Matthews, 1893; Lützen & Nielsen, 2005) and one, Ambuscintilla praemium Iredale, 1936, lives in burrows made by a prawn. A few species of Scintillona Finlay, 1927 occur in galleries made by crabs (Morton, 2008). Eleven species belonging to Divariscintilla Powell, 1932 and a small number of other genera are known or suspected to live in the burrows of mantis shrimps (Mikkelsen & Bieler, 1992). While excavating the burrows of the mantis shrimp Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus (Claus, 1871) on a Japanese tidal beach, Mr. Taichi Wada (T.W.) discovered a species of Divariscintilla that is new to science and represents the first record of the genus in Japan and the Pacific Ocean north of Australia. The present paper describes the shell, the morphology of the soft parts, and some aspects of the host association of the new species. * Corresponding author: [email protected] ** Present address: Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan 124 H. Yamashita et al. Materials and Methods The bivalves were sampled at extreme low water from the burrows of Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus at Oshinden (part of the Suo-nada Sea, Seto Inland Sea; northwestern coast of Kyushu), in Nakatsu, Oita Prefecture, Japan. The burrow of A. acanthocarpus in sandy mud sediment sufficiently solid that it can be excavated with a shovel while maintaining its form and revealing the bivalves’ habitat (Fig. 1C). Live bivalves were maintained in a Petri dish filled with seawater at room temperature for behavioral studies. For histological studies, six specimens collected on 1 July 2007 were preserved in 70% ethanol and five specimens collected on 27 August 2007 were preserved in 4% formaldehyde. Two formalin-preserved bivalves (3.5 mm and 3.6 mm in shell length) were postfixed and decalcified in Bouin’s fluid, embedded in araldite, cut into 2-µm-thick sagittal and transverse section series, and stained with toluidine blue. Fifteen specimens collected on 22–23 July 2009 were selected for conchological observations and processed according to Fukuda et al. (2008) to remove the valves from the soft parts, of which three sets were preserved in pure ethanol for future molecular work. Twenty-six living specimens collected on 22–23 July 2009 were anaesthesized by immersion in 7.5% MgCl·6H20 in freshwater solution for one hour, fixed in 10% buffered seawater-diluted formalin for 48 hours, rinsed in tap water, and preserved in 70% ethanol. For scanning electron microscopy, specimens were passed through an ethanol to t-buthyl alcohol series, freeze-dried on a JFD-310 (JEOL) freeze drier device, and coated with gold. Scanning electron micrographs were produced on a JSM-T330A (JEOL) at the Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science. Abbreviations: FMNH – Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago; NSMT – Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (formerly National Science Museum, Tokyo); SEM – scanning electron microscopy; SH – shell height; SL – shell length. Systematics Superfamily Galeommatoidea J. E. Gray, 1840 Family Galeommatidae J. E. Gray, 1840 Genus Divariscintilla Powell, 1932 Type species: Divariscintilla maoria Powell, 1932, by original designation. Divariscintilla toyohiwakensis n. sp. (Figs. 1A–E; 2–4) Description Shell: Shell small, ranging 2.1–4.1 mm (M ± SD: 3.71 ± 0.46, n = 16) in SL and 1.8–3.3 mm (M ± SD: 2.86 ± 0.21, n = 16) in SH, roundly triangular, equivalve, thin, laterally compressed, and slightly inequilateral with beaks in front of midline (Fig. 2A–B). Very shallow indentation (vi in Fig. 2A) occurs at midventral margin in both valves. Numerous close-set very fine commarginal striae at external valve margins. Shell colorless, translucent. Brownish digestive gland visible through shell in living specimen (Fig. 1). Very thin, almost transparent periostracum covers valves. Shell surface smooth and glossy (Fig. 1A, C–E); interior bears weak radial ribs along edges, resulting in formation of finely denticulate margin, especially posteriorly (Fig. 2A). Shell capable of complete closure, not gaping at ends. Adductor muscle scars indistinct and subequal (Fig. 2A). Pallial line entire and indistinct (Fig. 2A). Hinge line short. One cardinal tooth in each valve; lateral teeth absent (Fig. 2D). Cardinal teeth abutting, not interlocking. Shallow socket (cs in Fig. 2D) on anterior part of left hinge plate accommodating right cardinal tooth. A New Species of Divariscintilla from Japan 125 Fig. 1. Divariscintilla toyohiwakensis n. sp. and its in situ occurrence. A. Living individual with soft parts extended. B. Camera lucida drawing from left. C. Longitudinal section of burrow of Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus; arrow and dotted line indicate a colony of D. toyohiwakensis n. sp. and sea bottom surface, respectively. D. Close-up of a colony. E. Live individual hanging down from wall of aquarium. F. Host, Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus. Abbreviations: amf, anterior mid-mantle fold; bag, byssus adhesive gland; bms, burrow of mantis shrimp; by, byssus; ec, excurrent siphon; ft, foot; ic, incurrent aperture; imf, inner mantle fold; mf, point of mantle fusion; pd, prodissoconch II; pfe, posterior extension of foot; pmf, posterior mid-mantle fold; pt1–pt3, pallial tentacle pairs 1–3; sh, shell; ut, unpaired tentacle. A, D–E are not scaled. 126 H. Yamashita et al. Fig. 2. Valves of Divariscintilla toyohiwakensis n. sp., scanning electron micrograph. A. Internal view of left valve. B. External view of left valve. C. Dorsal view of right valve. D. Internal view of umbonal area of conjoined valves. E. Close-up of prodissoconch II. Arrowheads indicate demarcation between prodissoconch II and dissoconch. A–C and E, holotype (NSMT-Mo 77209); D, paratype (NSMT-Mo 77210). Abbreviations: aam, anterior adductor muscle scar; apr, anterior pedal retractor muscle scar; cs, cardinal tooth socket; ct, cardinal tooth; el, external ligament; il, internal ligament; ny, nymph; pam, posterior adductor muscle scar; pe, periostracum; pl, pallial line; ppm, pedal protractor muscle scar; ppr, posterior pedal retractor muscle scar; re, resilifer; rh, ridge of hinge plate; vi, ventral indentation. Internal ligament (il in Fig. 2D) opisthodetic, short and stout. Resilifers distinct in both valves (re in Fig. 2D). External ligament (el in Fig. 2D) amphidetic, supported by nymphae. Nymphae present at both anterior and posterior margins of umbo. Nymph of right valve prominent, overlying that of left valve (ny in Fig. 2D, E). Rather long and transparent ridges (rh in Fig. 2D) present in hinge plate laterally to opaque cardinal tooth region in both valves. Prodissoconch II brownish-yellow, 320–400 µm long (n = 5), and abruptly demarcated from dissoconch in few specimens observed that were not corroded (Fig. 2E). Prodissoconch I not confirmed. Soft parts: Shell more or less internalized by profuse development of mid-mantle fold that reaches maximum extension anteriorly and posteriorly (Figs. 1B; 3A, C). Anterior edges of extended inner mantle folds form wide and hood-like incurrent region; posterior edges fused except for short excurrent siphon (Fig. 1B). Numerous small, rounded papillae (rp in Fig. 3A) A New Species of Divariscintilla from Japan 127 Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrograph of Divariscintilla toyohiwakensis n. sp., freeze-dried, paratype (NSMT- Mo 77215). A–C. Left, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. D. Close-up of posterior extension of foot showing byssal threads and byssal adhesive gland (outlined in B). E. Close-up of unpaired tentacle (outlined in C). F. Close-up of pallial tentacle #2 (outlined in A). Abbreviatioins: amf, anterior mid-mantle fold; bag, byssal adhesive gland; bg, byssal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stomatopoda (Crustacea: Hoplocarida) from the Shallow, Inshore Waters of the Northern Gulf of Mexico (Apalachicola River, Florida to Port Aransas, Texas)
    Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 16 Issue 1 January 2004 Stomatopoda (Crustacea: Hoplocarida) from the Shallow, Inshore Waters of the Northern Gulf of Mexico (Apalachicola River, Florida to Port Aransas, Texas) John M. Foster University of Southern Mississippi, [email protected] Brent P. Thoma University of Southern Mississippi Richard W. Heard University of Southern Mississippi, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Foster, J. M., B. P. Thoma and R. W. Heard. 2004. Stomatopoda (Crustacea: Hoplocarida) from the Shallow, Inshore Waters of the Northern Gulf of Mexico (Apalachicola River, Florida to Port Aransas, Texas). Gulf and Caribbean Research 16 (1): 49-58. Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol16/iss1/7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.1601.07 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gulf and Caribbean Research Vol 16, 49–58, 2004 Manuscript received December 15, 2003; accepted January 28, 2004 STOMATOPODA (CRUSTACEA: HOPLOCARIDA) FROM THE SHALLOW, INSHORE WATERS OF THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO (APALACHICOLA RIVER, FLORIDA TO PORT ARANSAS, TEXAS) John M. Foster, Brent P. Thoma, and Richard W. Heard Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564, E-mail [email protected] (JMF), [email protected] (BPT), [email protected] (RWH) ABSTRACT Six species representing the order Stomatopoda are reported from the shallow, inshore waters (passes, bays, and estuaries) of the northern Gulf of Mexico limited to a depth of 10 m or less, and by the Apalachicola River (Florida) in the east and Port Aransas (Texas) in the west.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Some Stomatopod Crustacea from the Sinai Peninsula, Red Sea
    Notes on Some Stomatopod Crustacea from the Sinai Peninsula, Red Sea RAYMOND B. MANNING and CH. LEWINSOHN SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 433 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
    Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center South Carolina Department of Natural Resources http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/ Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center Invertebrate Literature Library (updated 9 May 2012, 4056 entries) (1958-1959). Proceedings of the salt marsh conference held at the Marine Institute of the University of Georgia, Apollo Island, Georgia March 25-28, 1958. Salt Marsh Conference, The Marine Institute, University of Georgia, Sapelo Island, Georgia, Marine Institute of the University of Georgia. (1975). Phylum Arthropoda: Crustacea, Amphipoda: Caprellidea. Light's Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the Central California Coast. R. I. Smith and J. T. Carlton, University of California Press. (1975). Phylum Arthropoda: Crustacea, Amphipoda: Gammaridea. Light's Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the Central California Coast. R. I. Smith and J. T. Carlton, University of California Press. (1981). Stomatopods. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic; fishing areas 34,47 (in part).Canada Funds-in Trust. Ottawa, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, by arrangement with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, vols. 1-7. W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W. B. Scott. (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Volume II. Final report to the Minerals Management Service. J. M. Uebelacker and P. G. Johnson. Mobile, AL, Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc. (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Volume III. Final report to the Minerals Management Service. J. M. Uebelacker and P. G. Johnson. Mobile, AL, Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc. (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Recent Stomatopoda
    WORLD CATALOGUE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE RECENT STOMATOPODA compiled and distributed by Hans-Georg Müller Wissenschaftler Verlag, Laboratory for Tropical Ecosystems Research & Information Service P.O. Box 2268 D-35532 Wetzlar, Germany Stomatopod crustaceans are common members of benthic ecosystems in tropical and subtropical marine and brackish waters throughout the world. Few species are known from temperate seas. In the northern hemisphere some species were reported in Japan as far north as Hokkaido, and in the U.S.A. as far north as Massachusetts. In the eastern Atlantic area the northern limit is the sea around Ireland. The southern limits of their distribution are the south coasts of Australia and South Africa. Larval development occurs in the plankton. Stomatopods are raptorial predators, which construct burrows in level bottoms, or live in crevices and holes of hard substrates. The present compilation gives detailed information to all the 412 species known up to now. The reality: Taxonomy is a confusing subject, especially when somebody is not a taxonomic spezialist for the respective animal group and only attempts to determine species within the scope of a non-taxonomic study. New species and subspecies are described, others are synonymized, or subspecies/varieties are raised to species level. Moreover, as a matter of fact, taxonomists often have different oppinions to assign a species to a certain genus, with the result, that often different names are given for the same species. Descriptions are sometimes to poor to allow a reliable determination. Fortunately, several revisions, reviews and redescriptions are available for the Stomatopoda, though numerous short publications are scattered over many journals.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colourful World of the Mantis Shrimp the Colour-Vision System of These Crustaceans Includes Four Types of UV Photoreceptor
    brief communications The colourful world of the mantis shrimp The colour-vision system of these crustaceans includes four types of UV photoreceptor. umans cannot see ultraviolet light, Figure 1 R8 photoreceptors but many arthropods and vertebrates in the midband of the stom- Hcan because they have a single photo- atopod eye have multiple UV receptor with a peak sensitivity to light at sensitivities a, Stomatopod wavelengths of around 350 nanometres (ref. eye showing the clearly 1). Here we use electrophysiological meth- defined midband, rows 1 to ods to investigate the vision of the mantis 6 (dorsal to ventral)4,5. The shrimp, Neogonodactylus oerstedii. We find top four rows are concerned that this marine crustacean has at least four with colour information, and types of photoreceptor for ultraviolet light the remaining two are spe- that are located in cells of the eye known as cialized for polarization2,5. b, R8 cells. These photoreceptors are maxi- Diagram of the photorecep- mally sensitive to light of wavelengths 315, tors in the six midband rows 330, 340 and 380 nm. Together with previ- and the peripheral retinae. ous evidence2, this finding indicates that the R8 cells are coloured. Chro- remarkable colour-vision system in these matic channels from 400 to stomatopod crustaceans may be unique, as 700 nm are contained in a befits their habitat of kaleidoscopically population of cells called R1 colourful tropical coral reefs. to R7 (ref. 4). VH and DH are Many stomatopods inhabit the top few representatives of the dorsal metres of water, which are bathed in light of and ventral hemisphere ultraviolet-A wavelengths3.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacea, Stomatopoda, Lysiosquilloidea)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 721: 33–43Three (2017) new records of Nannosquillidae from Taiwan with notes on their ecology... 33 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.721.20588 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Three new records of Nannosquillidae from Taiwan with notes on their ecology (Crustacea, Stomatopoda, Lysiosquilloidea) Jing-Wen Wang1, Tsyr-Huei Chiou1 1 Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan Corresponding author: Tsyr-Huei Chiou ([email protected]) Academic editor: I. Wehrtmann | Received 25 August 2017 | Accepted 13 November 2017 | Published 12 December 2017 http://zoobank.org/E3F23321-CB07-4B03-B9CA-42B0DCABC819 Citation: Wang J-W, Chiou T-H (2017) Three new records of Nannosquillidae from Taiwan with notes on their ecology (Crustacea, Stomatopoda, Lysiosquilloidea). ZooKeys 721: 33–43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.20588 Abstract The genus Pullosquilla Manning, 1978, including P. litoralis, P. thomassini, and P. pardus, has been found in Taiwan for the first time. All three species live in a subtidal sand flat north of theBitou fishing port within the Kenting National Park, Taiwan. Adult specimens were examined, illustrated, and photo- graphed. The habitat, which all three species share, is described. The implication of such closely related species sharing the same habitat is discussed. Keywords Kenting National Park, Nannosquillidae, new record, Pullosquilla, western Pacific Introduction Among the fourteen genera in the family of Nannosquillidae Manning, 1980, nine have been found in the Indo-West Pacific region (Ahyong 2001). However, only two genera, Acanthosquilla and Bigelowina, are currently known from Taiwan (Ahyong et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Nothern Arabian Sea. Part 2: Stomatopoda
    An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the northern Arabian Sea. Part 2: Stomatopoda Item Type article Authors Tirmizi, N.M.; Kazmi, Q.B.; Manning, R.B. Download date 26/09/2021 09:33:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/31959 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.3(2), 125-169, 1994 AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE MALACOSTRACA (CRUSTACEA) OF THE NORTHERN ARABIAN SEA PART ll; STOMATOPODA N asima M. Tinnizi, Quddusi B. Kazmi and Raymond B. Manning Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi-15270, Pakistan (NMT, QBK); Department oflnvertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, WashingtonD.C.20560, U.S.A. (RBM). ABSTRACT: The key deals with 40 stomatopod species belonging to 17 genera and 9 families. Each species is accompanie'd by· illustrations ofthe key characters. For each species the first reporter is referenced. A schematic diagram is given explaining terminology. KEY WORDS: Malacostraca- Arabian Sea- Stomatopoda- Key. INTRODUCTION Stomatopods or mantis shrimps are inhabitants of littoral regions where they live in bottom crevices or burrows. They are occasionaily caught in fish nets and are landed with the trash at fish harbours. The larvae are plan..lctonic. Most aspects of the general biology of species occuring on our coast are hardly understood except that some species are abundant and comparatively common and their mat~rial might be collected readily for a variety of studies. The inost important is or might be their use as food for human consumption. A preliminary study was Undertaken by Tirmizi and Bashir (1975) when individuals of mantis shrimps and penaeid shrimps of the same size were studied and observed that the edible meat in the two was of the same weight.
    [Show full text]
  • Stomatopod Crustaceans from the Carolinas and Georgia, Southeastern United States
    Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 9 Issue 4 January 1997 Stomatopod Crustaceans from the Carolinas and Georgia, Southeastern United States Raymond B. Manning National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Richard W. Heard Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Manning, R. B. and R. W. Heard. 1997. Stomatopod Crustaceans from the Carolinas and Georgia, Southeastern United States. Gulf Research Reports 9 (4): 303-320. Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol9/iss4/7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0904.07 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gulf Research Reports Vol. 9, No. 4,303-320,1997 Manuscript received June 21,1996; accepted September 23,1996 STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEANS FROM THE CAROLINAS AND GEORGIA, SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES Raymond B. Manning' and Richard W. HeardZ 'Lkpmbnent MImwiebrate Zoohm, NarianalMuseum 4Nabml Hisby Smihian I- , Whgtcn,D. C. 20560, USA zGulfCoastResearch Laboratory, P. O. Box 7000, Ocean Springs, Misixuppi 39566-7000, USA ABSTRACT Literature and specimen records are updated for stomatopod crustaceans known from the coasts of the Carolinas and Georgia. Gibbesia, new genus, is recognized for Squilla neglecta, and a new species, Neogonodactylus wennerae, is named for an offshore species of Neogonodactylus previously identified with the Caribbean shore species N.
    [Show full text]
  • Stomatopod Eye Structure and Function: a Review
    Arthropod Structure & Development 36 (2007) 420e448 www.elsevier.com/locate/asd Review Stomatopod eye structure and function: A review Justin Marshall a,*, Thomas W. Cronin b, Sonja Kleinlogel a a Vision Touch and Hearing Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia b Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA Received 22 July 2006; received in revised form 13 December 2006; accepted 28 January 2007 Abstract Stomatopods (mantis shrimps) possess apposition compound eyes that contain more photoreceptor types than any other animal described. This has been achieved by sub-dividing the eye into three morphologically discrete regions, a mid-band and two laterally placed hemispheres, and within the mid-band, making simple modifications to a commonly encountered crustacean photoreceptor pattern of eight photoreceptors (rhabdomeres) per ommatidium. Optically the eyes are also unusual with the directions of view of the ommatidia of all three eye regions skewed such that over 70% of the eye views a narrow strip in space. In order to scan the world with this strip, the stalked eyes of stomatopods are in almost continual motion. Functionally, the end result is a trinocular eye with monocular range finding capability, a 12-channel colour vision system, a 2-channel linear polarisation vision system and a line scan sampling arrangement that more resembles video cameras and satellite sensors than animal eyes. Not surprisingly, we are still struggling to understand the biological significance of stomatopod vision and attempt few new explanations here. Instead we use this special edition as an opportunity to review and summarise the structural aspects of the stomato- pod retina that allow it to be so functionally complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Larval Barcoding to Estimate Stomatopod Species Richness at Lizard Island, Australia for Conservation Monitoring Sitara Palecanda1,4*, Kathryn D
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Using larval barcoding to estimate stomatopod species richness at Lizard Island, Australia for conservation monitoring Sitara Palecanda1,4*, Kathryn D. Feller2,3,4 & Megan L. Porter1 Stomatopods (Crustacea, Stomatopoda) are well studied for their aggressive behavior and unique visual system as well as their commercial importance in Asian and European countries. Like many crustaceans, stomatopods undergo indirect development, passing though several larval stages before reaching maturity. Adult stomatopods can be difcult to catch due to their inaccessible habitats and cryptic coloration. By sampling larvae from the planktonic community, less efort is required to obtain accurate measures of species richness within a region. Stomatopod larvae were collected between 2006 and 2015 from the waters around the Lizard Island reef platform in Eastern Australia. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA sequences were generated from each larval sample and compared to a database of COI sequences tied to adult specimens. Of the 20 species collected from Lizard Island as adults which have COI data available, 18 species were identifed from larval sampling. One additional species identifed from larval samples, Busquilla plantei, was previously unknown from Lizard Island. Nine larval OTUs were found not to match any published adult sequences. Sampling larval stomatopod populations provides a comparable picture of the adult population to benthic sampling methods and may include species richness beyond what is measurable by sampling adult populations. For most marine genera there exist geographic locations of very high diversity. Tese areas are determined by ecological factors such as water temperature, food availability, and proper habitat1,2. Management and conser- vation eforts will naturally focus on regions where species richness is greatest for groups of particular interest, but frst those areas must be identifed.
    [Show full text]
  • Numbers of Hawaiian Species: Supplement 2, Including a Review of Freshwater Invertebrates1
    Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1996. Bishop 3 Museum Occasional Papers 48: 3-22. (1997) Numbers of Hawaiian Species: Supplement 2, Including a Review of Freshwater Invertebrates1 LUCIUS G. ELDREDGE2 & SCOTT E. MILLER (Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA) This is Supplement 2 to our earlier tabulation of species known from Hawaii (El- dredge & Miller, 1995; Miller & Eldredge, 1996; also see Mlot, 1995). The Hawaii Bio- logical Survey continues to work on the compilation of checklists and bibliographies; some short lists of invertebrates are included in this supplement, especially for those species inhabiting freshwater. This supplement should be viewed as a further interim report subject to future change. See Eldredge & Miller (1995) for definitions and scope and see Allison et al. (1995) for review of marine species. From literature and unpublished sources, 22,077 species have been recorded from the Hawaiian Islands and surrounding waters. Of these, 8,805 are endemic to the Ha- waiian Islands, and 4,373 are nonindigenous species. This is an ongoing count of the biota, e.g., the completed checklist of the foraminiferans totaled 755 species, rather than the 1000+ in the original estimate. Particular interest has been paid to the freshwater ani- mals in this supplement [see Table 2 for taxa and citations]. Hawaii Biological Survey is in the process of posting species checklists in search- able interfaces for the Hawaiian organisms on the Internet at: http://www.bishop.hawaii.org/bishop/HBS/ More than 15,000 species are currently available (including terrestrial arthropods, native and alien land and freshwater snails, Foraminifera, flowering plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals; with more taxa to be added).
    [Show full text]
  • Revision of the Australian Stomatopod Crustacea
    Revision of the Australian Stomatopod Crustacea by Shane T. Ahyong A M AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 26 (2001) ISBN 0 7347 2303 2 Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 26 (2001): 1–326. ISBN 0 7347 2303 2 Revision of the Australian Stomatopod Crustacea SHANE T. AHYONG Department of Marine Invertebrates, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. The Australian Stomatopod fauna is comprehensively revised. Two new genera, Belosquilla and Quollastria, are recognized. Seventy-two species are newly reported from Australia, of which 26 are described as new. Bathysquilloidea is represented by 2 genera and 3 species; Erythrosquilloidea by 1 genus and species; Eurysquilloidea by 5 genera and 8 species; Gonodactyloidea by 15 genera and 46 species; Lysiosquilloidea by 13 genera and 26 species; Parasquilloidea by 2 genera and 3 species; and Squilloidea by 25 genera and 59 species. Harpiosquillidae is synonymized with Squillidae. Gonodactylinus is synonymized with Gonodactylellus, Keijia with Carinosquilla, Raoulius with Odontodactylus, Laevosquilla with Siamosquilla and Toshimitsu with Lophosquilla. The results of the present study double the known stomatopod fauna of Australian waters, now totalling 146 species and 63 genera, in 7 superfamilies and 14 families—about 50% of species and almost 74% of genera from the Indo-West Pacific. Forty-six species (32% of the Australian fauna) are presently known only from Australia. Species richness and abundance of the Australian fauna is likely to be much greater than that implied by the composition of existing collections. Many habitats remain to be specifically targeted for stomatopods and future sampling will likely yield many more species from Australia.
    [Show full text]