Tableau Dirigeants Du Monde

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tableau Dirigeants Du Monde Feuille1 Page 1 Feuille1 Page 2 Feuille1 Chypre Président de la République Níkos Anastasiádis Colombie Président de la République Iván Duque Comores Présidents« Dirigeant de la République Azali Assoumani21 Corée du Nord23 suprême » Kim Jong-un24 Président du Corée du Nord23 Parti du travail de Corée Kim Jong-un25 Président de la Corée du Nord23 Commission des affaires de l'ÉtatKim Jong-un26 Président du Præsidium de l’ Assemblée populaire suprême Corée du Nord23 27 Choe Ryong-hae Corée du Nord23 Premier ministre Kim Jae-ryong Corée du Sud Président Moon Jae-in Corée du Sud Premier ministre Lee Nak-yeon Costa Rica Président de la République Carlos Alvarado Croatie Présidente de la RépubliqueKolinda Grabar-Kitarovi ć Croatie Premier ministre Andrej Plenkovi ć Secrétaire général du Cuba Parti communiste cubain Raúl Castro29 Cuba Président du Conseil d’État Miguel Díaz-Canel Cuba Président du Conseil des ministresMiguel Díaz-Canel Danemark Reine Marguerite II Danemark Ministre d’État Mette Frederiksen Djibouti Président de la RépubliqueIsmail Omar Guelleh Djibouti Premier ministre Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed République dominicaine Président de la République Danilo Medina Dominique Président Charles Savarin Dominique Premier ministre Roosevelt Skerrit Égypte Président de la RépubliqueAbdel Fattah al-Sissi Égypte Premier ministre Mostafa Madbouli30 Khalifa ben Zayed Al Nahyane Émirats arabes unis Président 31 Émirats arabes unis Premier ministre Mohammed ben Rachid el-Maktoum Équateur Président de la République Lenín Moreno32 Érythrée Président de l’État Isaias Afwerki33 Espagne Roi Felipe VI Espagne Président du gouvernement Pedro Sánchez Estonie34 Présidente de la République Kersti Kaljulaid Estonie34 Premier ministre Jüri Ratas Eswatini Roi Mswati III Eswatini Premier ministre Ambrose Mandvulo Dlamini États-Unis Président Donald Trump États-Unis Vice-président Mike Pence Page 3 Feuille1 Page 4 Feuille1 Page 5 Feuille1 Kassym-Jomart Tokaïev Kazakhstan Président 46 Kazakhstan Premier ministre Askar Mamin47 Kenya Président de la République Uhuru Kenyatta Kirghizistan Président de la RépubliqueSooronbay Jeenbekov48 Muhammetkaly Abulgazev Kirghizistan Premier ministre 49 Kiribati Président Taaneti Mwamwau Administrateur de Kosovo50 l’ONU 51 Zahir Tanin ( Afghanistan ) Kosovo50 Président de la République Hashim Thaçi52 Kosovo50 Premier ministre Ramush Haradinaj53 Cheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah Koweït Émir 54 Cheikh Koweït Premier ministre Jaber Moubarak al-Ahmad al-Sabah Secrétaire général du Laos Parti révolutionnaire populaireBoungnang lao Vorachit55 Laos Président de la RépubliqueBoungnang Vorachit Laos Premier ministre Thongloun Sisoulith Lesotho Roi Letsie III56 Lesotho Premier ministre Tom Thabane57 Lettonie Président de la République Egils Levits58 Lettonie Premier ministre Arturs Krišj ānis Kari ņš Liban Président de la République Michel Aoun59 Liban Premier ministre Saad Hariri60 Liberia Président de la République George Weah Libye Président de la Chambre desAguila représentants Salah Issa61 Libye Président du Conseil présidentielFayez el-Sarraj Libye Premiers ministres Abdullah al-Thani62 Libye Premiers ministres Fayez el-Sarraj Liechtenstein Prince souverain Hans Adam II63 Liechtenstein Prince souverain Prince Aloïs (régent) Liechtenstein Chef du gouvernement Adrian Hasler Lituanie Présidente de la RépubliqueDalia Grybauskait ė Lituanie Premier ministre Saulius Skvernelis Luxembourg Grand-duc Henri Luxembourg Premier ministre Xavier Bettel Macédoine du Nord Président de la République Stevo Pendarovski Page 6 Feuille1 Page 7 Feuille1 Norvège Roi Harald V75 Norvège Premier ministre Erna Solberg Nouvelle-Zélande Reine Élisabeth II Nouvelle-Zélande Gouverneur général Dame Patsy Reddy Nouvelle-Zélande Premier ministre Jacinda Ardern76 Oman Sultan Qabous ben Saïd Oman Premier ministre Qabous ben Saïd Ouganda Président de la République Yoweri Museveni Ouganda Premier ministre Ruhakana Rugunda Ouzbékistan Président de la RépubliqueChavkat Mirzioïev77 Ouzbékistan Premier ministre Abdulla Oripov Pakistan Président de la République Arif Alvi Pakistan Premier ministre Imran Khan Palaos Président Tommy Remengesau78 Panama Président de la République Laurentino Cortizo Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée Reine Élisabeth II Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée Gouverneur général Bob Dadae Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée Premier ministre James Marape Paraguay Président de la République Mario Abdo Pays-Bas Roi Willem-Alexander Pays-Bas Premier ministre Mark Rutte Pérou Président de la République Martín Vizcarra Pérou Président du Conseil des ministresSalvador del Solar Philippines Président Rodrigo Duterte Pologne Président de la République Andrzej Duda Pologne Président du Conseil des ministresMateusz Morawiecki Portugal Président de la RépubliqueMarcelo Rebelo de Sousa Portugal Premier ministre António Costa Qatar Émir Tamim ben Hamad Al Thani Qatar Premier ministre Abdullah ben Nasser ben Khalifa Al Thani Roumanie Président Klaus Iohannis Roumanie Premier ministre Viorica D ăncil ă Royaume-Uni Reine Élisabeth II Royaume-Uni Premier ministre Theresa May Russie Président Vladimir Poutine79 Russie Premier ministre Dmitri Medvedev80 Rwanda Président de la République Paul Kagame81 Rwanda Premier ministre Édouard Ngirente Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès Reine Élisabeth II Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès Gouverneur général Tapley Seaton82 Page 8 Feuille1 Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès Premier ministre Timothy Harris Saint-Marin Capitaines-régents Nicola Selva Saint-Marin Capitaines-régents Michele Muratori Sainte-Lucie Reine Élisabeth II Sainte-Lucie Gouverneur général Neville Cenac Sainte-Lucie Premier ministre Allen Chastanet Salvador Président de la République Nayib Bukele Samoa Chef de l’État Va'aletoa Sualauvi II84 Samoa Premier ministre Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi Sao Tomé-et-Principe Président Evaristo Carvalho Sao Tomé-et-Principe Premier ministre Jorge Bom Jesus Sénégal Président de la République Macky Sall Serbie Président de la République Aleksandar Vu čić85 Serbie Président du gouvernement Ana Brnabi ć Seychelles Président de la République Danny Faure Sierra Leone Président de la République Julius Maada Bio86 Sierra Leone Ministre Chef David J. Francis Singapour Président Halimah Yacob Singapour Premier ministre Lee Hsien Loong Slovaquie Présidente de la République Zuzana Čaputová Slovaquie Président du gouvernement Peter Pellegrini Slovénie Président de la République Borut Pahor87 Slovénie Président du gouvernement Marjan Šarec Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed Somalie Président de la République 88 Somalie Premier ministre Hassan Ali Khayre Soudan Président du Conseil militaireAbdel deFattah transition Abdelrahmane al-Burhan Soudan Premier ministre vacant Soudan du Sud Président de la République Salva Kiir89 Sri Lanka Président de la République Maithripala Sirisena Sri Lanka Premier ministre Ranil Wickremesinghe90 Suède Roi Carl XVIGustaf Suède Premier ministre Stefan Löfven Président de la Confédération Suisse 91 Ueli Maurer92 Suriname Président de la République Desi Bouterse93 Suriname Vice-président94 Ashwin Adhin Syrie Président de la République Bachar el-Assad Syrie Premier ministre Imad Khamis Tadjikistan Président de la RépubliqueEmomalii Rahmon95 Page 9 Feuille1 Tadjikistan Premier ministre Kokhir Rasulzoda Taïwan Présidente Tsai Ing-wen Taïwan Président du Yuan exécutif Su Tseng-chang96 Tanzanie Président de la République John Magufuli Tanzanie Premier ministre Majaliwa K. Majaliwa Tchad Président de la République Idriss Déby République tchèque Président de la République Miloš Zeman97 République tchèque Premier ministre Andrej Babiš Thaïlande Roi Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) Thaïlande Premier ministre Prayuth Chan-ocha98 Togo Président de la RépubliqueFaure Gnassingbé100 Togo Premier ministre Komi Sélom Klassou Tonga Roi Tupou VI101 Tonga Premier ministre ʻAkilisi Pohiva102 Trinité-et-Tobago Président de la République Paula-Mae Weekes Trinité-et-Tobago Premier ministre Keith Rowley Tunisie Président de la RépubliqueBéji Caïd Essebsi103 Tunisie Chef du gouvernement Youssef Chahed Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow Turkménistan Président de la République 104 Turquie Président de la RépubliqueRecep Tayyip Erdo ğan105 Tuvalu Reine Élisabeth II Tuvalu Gouverneur général Iakoba Taeia Italeli Tuvalu Premier ministre Enele Sopoaga106 Ukraine Président Volodymyr Zelensky Ukraine Premier ministre Volodymyr Hroïsman107 Uruguay Président de la République Tabaré Vázquez108 Vanuatu Président de la République Tallis Obed Moses Vanuatu Premier ministre Charlot Salwai Vatican ( Saint-Siège ) Souverain François Vatican ( Saint-Siège ) Secrétaire d’État Pietro Parolin Venezuela Président de la République Nicolás Maduro109 Venezuela Vice-président exécutif Delcy Rodríguez Page 10 Feuille1 Abd Rabo Mansour Hadi Yémen Président de la République 110 Mehdi Hussein al-Machat (président du Conseil Yémen Président de la République politique suprême) Yémen Premier ministre Maeen Abdul Malik Abdel Aziz ben Habtour Yémen Premier ministre (gouvernement houthi) Zambie Président de la République Edgar Lungu Zimbabwe Président de la RépubliqueEmmerson Mnangagwa Page 11.
Recommended publications
  • Country Position Name Email Albania President Mr. Ilir Meta [email protected] Prime Minister Mr
    Country Position Name Email Albania President Mr. Ilir Meta [email protected] Prime Minister Mr. Edi Rama [email protected] Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr. Ditmir Bushati [email protected] UN Ambassdor in New York H.E. Ms. Besiana Kadare [email protected] UN Ambassdor in Geneva H.E. Ms. Ravesa Lleshi [email protected] Belarus President Mr. Alexander Lukashenko [email protected] Prime Minister Mr. Siarhiej Rumas [email protected] Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr. Vladimir Makei [email protected] UN Ambassdor in New York H.E. Mr. Valentin Rybakov [email protected] UN Ambassdor in Geneva H.E. Mr. Yury Ambrazevich [email protected] Bosnia and HerzegovinaCo-President Mr. Šefik Džaferović [email protected] Co-President Mr. Milorad Dodik [email protected] Co-President Mr. Željko Komšić [email protected] Prime Minister Mr. Zoran Tegeltija [email protected] Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr. Igor Crnadak [email protected] UN Ambassdor in New York H.E. Mr. Sven Alkalaj [email protected] UN Ambassdor in Geneva H.E. Ms. Nermina Kapetanovic [email protected] Bulgaria President Mr. Rumen Radev [email protected] Prime Minister Ms. Boyko Borissov [email protected] Minister of Foreign Affairs Mrs. Ekaterina Spasova Gecheva-Zakharieva [email protected] UN Ambassdor in New York H.E. Mr. Georgi Velikov Panayotov [email protected] UN Ambassdor in Geneva H.E. Ms. Deyana Kostadinova [email protected] Croatia President Mr. Zoran Milanović [email protected] Prime Minister Andrej Plenković [email protected] Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Article 27-08-2018 - 08:00 Reference No: 20180703STO07133
    Article 27-08-2018 - 08:00 Reference No: 20180703STO07133 Looking ahead: what MEPs will be working on until the end of 2018 In the coming months, MEPs will continue to debate the future of Europe and vote on new rules for energy, telecommunications and transport. State of the EU A debate on the state of the European Union will take place in September. European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker will present the Commission’s plans for the last year of its term to MEPs. Future of Europe As part of debates on the future of Europe initiated by the Parliament this year, heads of state or government have been able to lay out their vision for the EU. Six more will be speaking in plenary before the end of the year: Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, Estonian Prime Minister Jüri Ratas, Romanian President Klaus Iohannis, German chancellor Angela Merkel, Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez. Energy In November, MEPs will vote on two deals reached with EU governments on legislation aiming to boost green energy and efficient consumption. In June, Parliament and Council negotiators agreed on a new 32.5% energy efficiency target for 2030. They also agreed that by 2030 at least 32% of energy consumption should come from renewables. Digital single market Directorate General for Communication 1 I 3 European Parliament - Spokesperson: Jaume Duch Guillot EN Contact: [email protected] Article In November, MEPs will vote on rules paving the way for 5G networks by 2020 and capping the prices of calls made to other EU countries, following an informal deal made with EU countries in the Council.
    [Show full text]
  • Report 2021, No. 6
    News Agency on Conservative Europe Report 2021, No. 6. Report on conservative and right wing Europe 20th March, 2021 GERMANY 1. jungefreiheit.de (translated, original by jungefreiheit.de, 18.03.2021) "New German media makers" Migrant organization calls for more “diversity” among journalists media BERLIN. The migrant organization “New German Media Makers” (NdM) has reiterated its demand that editorial offices should become “more diverse”. To this end, the association presented a “Diversity Guide” on Wednesday under the title “How German Media Create More Diversity”. According to excerpts on the NdM website, it says, among other things: “German society has changed, it has become more colorful. That should be reflected in the reporting. ”The manual explains which terms journalists should and should not use in which context. 2 When reporting on criminal offenses, “the prejudice still prevails that refugees or people with an international history are more likely to commit criminal offenses than biographically Germans and that their origin is causally related to it”. Collect "diversity data" and introduce "soft quotas" Especially now, when the media are losing sales, there is a crisis of confidence and more competition, “diversity” is important. "More diversity brings new target groups, new customers and, above all, better, more successful journalism." The more “diverse” editorial offices are, the more it is possible “to take up issues of society without prejudice”, the published excerpts continue to say. “And just as we can no longer imagine a purely male editorial office today, we should also no longer be able to imagine white editorial offices. Precisely because of the special constitutional mandate of the media, the question of fair access and the representation of all population groups in journalism is also a question of democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Parties Challenges and Perspectives
    KONRAD-ADENAUER-STIFTUNG 4|2020 INTERNATIONAL REPORTS Political Parties Challenges and Perspectives INTERNATIONAL REPORTS 4 | 2020 Editorial Dear Readers, Political parties are a pillar of the democratic system. They assume central functions such as promoting citizen participation in political life and shaping public opinion. They have a major impact on our country’s political development and serve as an interface between state organs and the public. Parliamentary democracy is ultimately always party democracy. Developments under way in modern societies, such as increasing polarisation of polit- ical positions and the digitalisation of many areas of public and private life, present parties with enormous challenges, which they must find creative ways of overcoming. Digitalisation in particular offers opportunities: Parties today have a much wider vari- ety of options for integrating people, disseminating information about their own posi- tions, and appealing to potential voters. Social media has long been indispensable to electoral campaigns. But parties must continue to communicate with their voters on all channels. A good digital campaign is a prerequisite in every corner of the world. Yet, it by no means replaces traditional forms of campaigning, such as classic canvass- ing, as Frank Priess notes in his article. Technical developments are not the only force influencing politics. Societal change is also becoming visible in the party landscape in many places. New parties are being founded to challenge established ones. This is not a new phenomenon in itself, but, as Franziska Fislage shows in her description of the situation in Europe, the speed at which new parties are achieving success is. New parties benefit from developments that we have observed for quite some time: declining party loyalty, increasing voter volatility, and the fading of old political lines of conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Birmingham Chronology
    University of Birmingham Chronology Galpin, Charlotte DOI: 10.1111/jcms.12588 License: None: All rights reserved Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Galpin, C 2017, 'Chronology: The European Union in 2016', Journal of Common Market Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12588 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: Eligibility for repository: Checked on 28/7/2017 General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Countries and Capitals and Currency
    LIST OF COUNTRIES AND CAPITALS A ND CURRENCY Head of Country Name Capital Currency Official Language Government Dari Persian; Chief Executive – Afghanistan Kabul Afghani Pashto Abdullah Abdullah Prime Minister – Edi Albania Tirane Lek Albanian Rama Arabic; Tamazight; Prime Minister – Algeria Algiers Dinar French Ahmed Ouyahia Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro Catalan Antoni Martí President – João Angola Luanda New Kwanza Portuguese Lourenço Antigua and East Caribbean Prime Minister – Saint John's English Barbuda dollar Gaston Browne President – Argentina Buenos Aires Peso Spanish Mauricio Macri Prime Minister – Armenia Yerevan Dram Armenian Karen Karapetyan Prime Minister – Australia Canberra Australian dollar English Malcolm Turnbull Federal Euro (formerly Austria Vienna German Chancellor – schilling) Christian Kern Prime Minister – Azerbaijan Baku Manat Azerbaijani Artur Rasizade Prime Minister – The Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar English Hubert Minnis Prime Minister – Bahrain Manama Bahrain dinar Arabic Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Bangladesh Dhaka Taka Bangla Prime Minister – Bankexamstoday.com Page 1 Sheikh Hasina Prime Minister – Barbados Bridgetown Barbados dollar English Freundel Stuart Prime Minister – Belarus Minsk Belorussian ruble Belarusian; Russian Andrei Kobyakov Euro (formerly Dutch; French; Prime Minister – Belgium Brussels Belgian franc) German Charles Michel Prime Minister – Belize Belmopan Belize dollar English Dean Barrow President – Patrice Benin Porto-Novo CFA Franc French Talon Prime Minister – Bhutan Thimphu
    [Show full text]
  • Why Is Klaus Iohannis Outsourcing Romania's Foreign Policy?
    6/7/2017 Why is Klaus Iohannis outsourcing Romania’s foreign policy? | LSEE Blog May 15 2015 Why is Klaus Iohannis outsourcing Romania’s foreign policy? Blog Team Klaus Iohannis’ election was seen by many to signal a shift from the ‘old’ corrupt ways of doing politics in Romania and a historical moment that would mark the start of deep processes of transformation in Romanian politics and society. He offered the promise of making politics more efficient and less driven by short term, narrow interests of corrupt politicians. What is left of these hopes after his first six months in office?, asks Dr Cristian Nitoiu. The people of Romania has chosen Iohannis as their new President. Photo: iohannispresedinte.ro Much of President Iohannis’attention has been focused on the fight against corruption, or assuring the independence and autonomy of the justice system. His approach has been based on the overwhelming support of the Romanian public opinion for strengthening the justice system and curbing corruption at the all levels of politics and society. In turn, practical results have been impressive. Almost every day new corrupt politicians or businessmen have been investigated or convicted. In this background foreign policy has become a marginal, if not the least important priority for Iohannis. This is very surprising: in Romania’s constitutional system the most important policymaking and agenda­setting powers of the President lie precisely in this area. In contrast to his firm stance on corruption, in external relations he has been almost absent, showing signs of a lack of strategy, vision and aspirations.
    [Show full text]
  • Agata Tatarenko Another Tension in Romanian-Hungarian Relations
    Editorial Team: Beata Surmacz (Director of ICE), Tomasz Stępniewski (Deputy No. 195 (98/2020) | 16.06.2020 Director of ICE), Agnieszka Zajdel (Editorial Assistant), Aleksandra Kuczyńska-Zonik, Jakub Olchowski, Konrad Pawłowski, Agata Tatarenko ISSN 2657-6996 © IEŚ Agata Tatarenko Another tension in Romanian-Hungarian relations At the end of April 2020, the Romanian Parliament dealt with a bill aimed at establishing an autonomous region covering areas inhabited by the Hungarian-speaking ethnic group Székelys. The bill was rejected by the senate, however, the initiative caused a number of controversies on the political scene in Romania, including, above all, the statement of President Klaus Iohannis. The President’s statement was criticized by the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Romanian National Council for Combating Discrimination. The whole matter is more contentious because of the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Trianon Treaty, which was celebrated this year. June 4th, 1920, was marked differently in the history of these two countries: as the emergence of Greater Romania and as the end of Greater Hungary. In the region of Central Europe, history plays a special role, which was clearly demonstrated by the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Trianon. This uneasiness can be observed in the area of bilateral relations and it is particularly clear in the case of Hungary and Romania. (The anxieties in the region can be observed in the context of bilateral relations and they are particularly clear in the case of Hungary and Romania). The source of tension in the Hungarian-Romanian relations lies in Transylvania (Rumanian Transilvania or Ardeal, Hungarian Erdély).
    [Show full text]
  • MENA-OECD Ministerial Conference Key Participants & Speakers
    Republic of Tunisia MENA-OECD Ministerial Conference Key Participants & Speakers – Biographies Hosts Mr. Beji Caïd Essebsi - President of the Republic - Tunisia Mr. Essebsi is the President of Tunisia since 2014. Previously, Mr. Essebsi held the position of Prime Minister for a brief period – March to October 2011. During his career, the President has held various high level positions, including Head of the Administration of National Security (1963), Minister of Interior from (1965-1969), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1981-1986) and President of the Chamber of Deputies (1990-1991). The President was also ambassador of Tunisia to West Germany and France. Mr. Youssef Chahed - Prime Minister - Tunisia Mr. Chahed was appointed Tunisian Prime Minister in August 2016. Before taking office, Mr. Chahed was Minister of Local Affairs in the previous government and previously held the position of Secretary of State for Fisheries. The Prime Minister is also an international expert in agriculture and agricultural policies for the United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the European Commission. Mr. Angel Gurría - Secretary-General - OECD Mr. Gurría is the OECD Secretary-General since 2006. The Secretary-General has held two ministerial posts in Mexico before joining the OECD - Minister of Foreign Affairs (1994-1998) and Minister of Finance and Public Credit (1998- 2000). Mr. Gurría chaired the International Task Force on Financing Water for All and is a member of several international initiatives, including the United Nations Secretary General Advisory Board, World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Water Security, International Advisory Board of Governors of the Centre for International Governance Innovation, among others.
    [Show full text]
  • The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines
    The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines Dear Country Expert, In this section, we distinguish between the head of state (HOS) and the head of government (HOG). • The Head of State (HOS) is an individual or collective body that serves as the chief public representative of the country; his or her function could be purely ceremonial. • The Head of Government (HOG) is the chief officer(s) of the executive branch of government; the HOG may also be HOS, in which case the executive survey only pertains to the HOS. • The executive survey applies to the person who effectively holds these positions in practice. • The HOS/HOG pair will always include the effective ruler of the country, even if for a period this is the commander of foreign occupying forces. • The HOS and/or HOG must rule over a significant part of the country’s territory. • The HOS and/or HOG must be a resident of the country — governments in exile are not listed. • By implication, if you are considering a semi-sovereign territory, such as a colony or an annexed territory, the HOS and/or HOG will be a person located in the territory in question, not in the capital of the colonizing/annexing country. • Only HOSs and/or HOGs who stay in power for 100 consecutive days or more will be included in the surveys. • A country may go without a HOG but there will be no period listed with only a HOG and no HOS. • If a HOG also becomes HOS (interim or full), s/he is moved to the HOS list and removed from the HOG list for the duration of their tenure.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multi-Speed Europe. a View from Romania
    Research Paper Multi-speed Europe. A view from Romania Ist edition Mihai SEBE December 2019, Bucharest, Romania A Multi-speed Europe. View from Romaniai By Mihai SEBE, PhD Bucharest, Romania Abstract: The idea of a multi-speed Europe has become a topic of debate at the European level since the early 1990’s as our continent faced the enormous pressures of change induced by the collapse of the communist system in Eastern and Central Europe followed by the continuous reform of the European Communities and later on of the European Union and its process of eastward enlargement. This debate steamed up after the Brexit Referendum of 2016 as the multi-speed Europe appeared to be one of the solutions of coming up from the crisis. Following the Sibiu Declaration of 2019 that spoke of one Europe and the European Parliament elections, the topic seems to have become dormant for the time being as the political energies are focused upon solving more immediate issues. Keywords: Brexit; multi-speed Europe; Europe a la carte; Romania. Disclaimer: This publication is a working paper, and hence it represents research in progress and it received financial support from the European Parliament. Sole liability rests with the author alone and does not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any organization he is connected to and the European Parliament is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. With the financial support of the European Parliament 2 Contents A. What’s in a name? Multi-speed Europe. Conceptual history...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Hungarian Card Came Is out of the Vest Pocket of Romanian President Klaus Werner Iohannis
    The Hungarian card came is out of the vest pocket of Romanian President Klaus Werner Iohannis Head of State Klaus Iohannis was reported to the National Anti-Discrimination Council by the Imre Mikó Legal Protection Service. The legal protection service asks the Council to investigate Klaus Iohannis' statement issued this morning, in which the Head of State of Romania seriously violates the right of the Hungarian community to dignity and speaks in an unworthy and discriminatory manner about the Hungarians in Romania. The President's discriminatory anti-Hungarian outburst was triggered by the tacit adoption of the Romanian House of Representatives of a bill regarding the autonomy of Szeklerland. "Jó napot kívánok PSD," (Have a good day!) said the President in Hungarian, who stated, that while the government was fighting the coronavirus, the PSD was working to give the Hungarians Transylvania. “It’s unbelievable what’s going on in the parliament. What did Viktor Orbán promise Ciolacu (President of the PSD) in return for this agreement?” While the head of state proudly declares towards the international fora that Romania is the Paradise for national minorities, today in his speech he promised the following: as long as he is the president of Romania, there will be no law that would guarantee autonomy for Szeklerland. Although the submitted draft text on autonomy does not in any way diminish the rights of Romanians, or even the Romanians of Szeklerland, however it would guarantee the use of the mother tongue and the Hungarian language becoming an official regional language in Szeklerland. The draft-bill states what all of us desire: to make our own decisions on issues that affect our own community.
    [Show full text]