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A History of Social Work Innovation at the MGH, 1905 - 2005 Pioneering a Profession: a History of Social Work Innovation at the MGH, 1905 - 2005

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A History of Social Work Innovation at the MGH, 1905 - 2005 Pioneering a Profession: a History of Social Work Innovation at the MGH, 1905 - 2005 Pioneering a profession: A history of social work innovation at the MGH, 1905 - 2005 Pioneering a profession: A history of social work innovation at the MGH, 1905 - 2005 1905 1905 1906 DECISION: FIRST SOCIAL WORKER: PRACTICE: Initiate Social Services Garnet Pelton, a nurse, is hired Main Divisions of Work Richard Cabot, MD, decides by Dr. Cabot, using 1. “Tuberculosis” to bring social services to his own money, to 2. “Hygiene teaching” his clinic patients. Purpose: see patients in the “to make medical care Clinics. Due to her 3. “Infant feeding and the care of effective” by addressing illness (tuberculosis), delicate children” basic needs of poor patients. she leaves six months later. 4. “ Vacation, outings and convalescent homes 1905 OFFICE SPACE: 5. “The care of unmarried girls, pregnant, “The Corner” morally exposed or feeble minded” “A few small 6. “ Help for patients needing work or a tables, chairs, change of work” a bench and two white screens 7. “P rovision and provisions for patients to give some dumped at the hospital” privacy were the 8. “ Assistance to patients needing furnishings.” treatment after discharge” 1906 EPIDEMIC: Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is “everywhere.” Volunteers are recruited to supervise educational classes and to refer patients to agencies, The West End, circa 1906 1821 1846 1869 1892 1898 1904 1904 MGH Ether, the first anesthetic The Ladies The Vincent Dr. Richard Cabot National Average The Boston admits used in surgery Visiting Club, strong named Physician Wage in the U.S. is School of its first Committee, supporter of to Outpatients 22 cents an hour Social Work patient strong Social Work opens, supporter of Simmons Social Work College 1907 1907 1907 DECISION: ADVOCACY: PRACTICE: Cabot Hires Cannon Patient Hunger Referring Patients Ida Cannon, RN, completes 8-month At request of social workers, The process is known as course at Boston School for Social hospital opens clinic lunch “steering, shoving and Work, during which time she volunteers counter to ease patients’ following-up.” with G. Pelton and Dr. Cabot in the hunger during long waits to Clinics. Cabot hires Cannon. Shortly, see physician. Milk, crackers she is named Head Worker with and cheese cost 5 cents . five staff and 30 volunteers. 1907 PRACTICE: “Methods of Psychiatric Work” • “Establish a friendly relation with patient” • “Encouragement” • “Suggestion and persuasion” • “Home visits and letters” 1910 PRACTICE: • “Re-education and explanation” 1907 Medical and Social Diagnosis and activities like the FIRST SOCIAL WORKER: Clay Modeling Class and Physicians increasingly use “Sex Problems of Girls” “country vacations” Medical Diagnosis as their Mrs. Jessie Hodder is hired to work practice incorporates more with unmarried pregnant girls. Her scientific thinking. Cannon premise: “We must meet them where proposes the use of Social they are.” In 1911, she leaves to Diagnosis to link social work become the Superintendent of the Massachusetts Reformatory for 1909 Women in Framingham. ORGANIZATION: Supervisory Committee 1908 Supervisory Committee formed OFFICE SPACE: to oversee and finance the “The New Corner” work of this new “non-medical” Sign above desk reads: department. Committee 1908 “DO NOT LOSE YOUR BLUE CARD” members are: Drs. Richard PRACTICE: Cabot, Daniel Jones, Robert Referrals to Social Service Osgood, James Putnam; Ladies Visiting Committee: Mrs. Nathaniel Thayer; Boston School for Social Work Director: Jeffrey Bracket; MGH Superintendent, Dr. Frederick Washburn. 1908 1909 1912 1912 1913 1916 Henry Ford MGH neurologist, Dr. James Dr. Cabot writes Children’s Ida Cannon World War I introduces the Putnam, brings Freud to Clark Social Service Bureau writes Social begins Model T Ford University, Worcester and the Art of established Work in Hospitals Healing 1910 1911 1911 ANNUAL REPORT: FIRST SOCIAL WORKER: FIRST SOCIAL WORKER: Patients seen = 1709 Children’s Clinic Handicapped General work: 50% Diseases of the children referred: Kings Chapel, in Boston, pays for social Tuberculosis: 35% “tuberculosis; rickets; gonorrhea; worker to provide services to the handicapped. Nervous Disorders: 9% feeding problems; chorea; She works at both the Clinics and at Kings Unmarried Girls: 6% heart disease; whooping cough.” Chapel. 1913 1912 FIRST SOCIAL WORKER: EDUCATION: Research Boston (Simmons) School of Social Work Social worker joins Dr. Edsal studying “lead poisoning Cannon and Cabot advise on curriculum and cases.” Resultant criteria used in new Occupational teach medical social work. Students do field Disease Clinic. education at MGH during their second year. 1914 1912 CHIEF OF SERVICE: PRACTICE: Ida Cannon appointed Chief of Social Service. Assumes What Works? responsibility for social worker on inpatient services. As social work Hospital pays for in-patient social worker; Supervisory is practiced, Committee pays for out-patient social workers. Ruth the staff and Emerson, first trained social worker, appointed Head leadership are Worker in the wards. simultaneously developing methods and theory. 1913 FIRST SOCIAL WORKER: Occupational Disease 1. Screens all outpatient charts daily watching for occupations such as painter, rubber worker, tinsmith, or stone cutter. 2. Educates these patients re: dangerous processes and what precautions to take. 1913 - 1918 3. Submits information to physicians. FIRST SOCIAL WORKERS: Specialty Clinics 4. Studies what needs to be reinforced by Social workers are assigned to Syphilis Clinic, legislation. Genito-Urinary Clinic, Diabetic Clinic, Orthopedic Clinic, 5. Follows-up on all 147 cases of Infantile Paralysis Clinic and Neurology Clinic. lead poisoning seen. 1917 1918 1920 1927 1929 1934 Mary Richmond Ida Cannon is 19th Amendment Group work The Great Federal writes Social instrumental in passed, women first used Depression Crippled Diagnosis organizing the get the right to vote as treat - Children’s conferring with American Association ment modal - Program Ida Cannon of Hospital Social ity organized Workers Ida Cannon’s 1915 Motto 10th ANNIVERSARY: Ida keeps this Major challenge: meeting the individual needs of so drawing on many patients. “Should we be focusing on mass work her desk. It (populations) or individual work?” Over 200 social workers exemplifies her from across the country gather to talk about progress, approach to mutual difficulties and look into the future. developing a Staff includes: new service in 13 social workers a conservative, 4 stenographers tradition-bound institution. 19 student social workers 8 student nurses 1917 64 volunteers DISASTER: Nova Scotia Budget: $11,626.07 Explosion of ammunition ships in Halifax Harbor causes 1,600 deaths and numerous injuries. Ruth Emerson and Edith Baker go to 1918 Halifax to: PRACTICE: Feeding Clinic for Infants 1. Aid victims with clothing and shelter 2. Arrange after care and follow-up “Purposes: to make sick babies well; to teach mothers appointments for injured how to keep them well; to reduce the death rate among 3. Establish special care for injured children babies; to teach mothers motherhood. 4. Conduct a census of those handicapped Methods: improved milk supply; supervision of well babies; 5. Provide intensive case-work for those with encouragement of breast feeding; milk fund for needy social problems families; instructions in proper feeding; home visits by Miss Emerson stays on helping to establish nurse; cooperation with public health authorities and medical social service permanently in Halifax. social agencies on matters affecting infant welfare.” 1918 1919 EDUCATION: ORGANIZATION: Summer Institute Officially Accepted Students come for By vote of the Trustees, practical work from Social Service becomes both Smith College, administratively and financially an Boston School integral department of MGH. of Social Work Supervisory Committee becomes and the Red Cross the Advisory Committee. Institute. Ida Cannon: “... for 14 years we were free to try experiments and make mistakes.” We are now “officially accepted.” 1935 1938 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 Maternal and Child Minimum Wage March of World War II Penicillin MGH establishes its Cocoanut Health Services established, Dimes begins available to 1st Emergency Plan Grove established 25 cents per hour established non-military nightclub to fight patients fire polio 1929 1931 FIRST SOCIAL WORKER: EDUCATION: Tumor Clinic Director Named Social workers supported by a 2-year DPH grant. At surgeons ’ Salaried from the Cabot Fund, Harriett Bartlett (below center) joins as educator. She studies the functions of medical 1930 social work and the role of social 25th ANNIVERSARY: workers in the teaching of medical Two hundred fifty gather and Dr. Cabot speaks on “The Future students. of Hospital Social Work.” Donors give over $20,000 in honor of Dr. Cabot establishing an educational fund for social workers. 1930 FIRST SOCIAL WORKER: Baker Building Josephine Barbour assigned to “patients of moderate means.” Cannon insists patients need social services without regard for income or social status. Quickly physicians began requesting assistance for their private patients in the Phillips House. 9--bed room – $24 per week 4-bed room – $4 a day 2-bed room – $5 a day Single room – $6 and $6.50 1936 a day PRACTICE: Operating room fee – $15 Home Care for Children with Delivery room fee – $15 Heart Disease Maximum professional fee – Social worker institutes “In-Bed $150 Club” and “In-Bed Magazine” for children with rheumatic fever. A “Mothers Club” and summer craft and 1939 educational programs are initiated.
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