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getwt 7)'ans. Iepid. Soc. ,Jmpan 58 (2):215-237, March2007

Study on the foodplants of several species of satumiid (Lcpidoptera, ) in Japan

Keiko SHiRoMo'ro and Yasuyuki S,xKuRATANi

Dcpartment of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara, 63l-8S05 Japan

Abstract Most saturniid moths are gencr'alists. and various species of foedplants used by them have been recorded, In Japan, all saturniid moths are largc in size, and most larvae feed Qn the leaves of oak trces (Fagaceae), elm trees (Ulmaceae) and birch trecs (Betulaceae), which aic forest- "Sato.vama" ed for the traditionul coppice in japan. It is essential to have an understanding of the roles of Saturniidae in energy fiow and the food web in a eoppice. Howcx,er, studies on rhe biology and community ecology of thesc moths are ]imited. We report the t'oodplants uscd by these moths in the field, and discuss the relationship bctwcen the range of saturniid larvae foodplants (including foodplant species in the literature in Japan) and the genealogy of saturniid moths in Iapan. We dis- covered 44 foedplant species from 19 families utilizcd by eight species of saturniid (Satnia c.vnthia, Antheraea }'amamai, Satumia ,ionasii, S. japonica, Rhodinia ,fiigax, gnoma, A. arlemis. andAglica .iciponica) in eur sLudies. We discovercd thc larvae ofA. ),antamai, S. jonasii, S. .iaponica, R.fagas andA. y'crponica feeding on a new foodplant, C. tschonoskii (Bctulaceae), at inost study sites. R. jugax utilized the new foedplants ettercus phittyraeoides CFagaccae), Sarix chaenomeloideh'. S. .suhf}'agitis (Salicaceae) and Benthamidia.florida (Cornaceae), and S.jonasii uti- lized the new foodplants e. philiyraeoides (Fagaceae). Lindera umbetlata var. rnembranac/ea (Lauraceae), ilex rotitHda (Aquifoliaceae), Swida macroj?h},Ua (Coniaceac), L.vonia ovatijblia (Ericaccae) and So,rax ,iaponic,a (Styracaceae). In similarity tests using the Ochiai index

Kcy w'ords Saturniidae moths, foodplants, , fbodplantprefercnce,fbodplantprop- .ertles. genealogy

Introduction Tn Most larvae are primary consumers and utilize many species of plant. Japan, all saturniid moths are large in size, and lanTac of these moths feed on leaves of a va- riety of tree species (Ineue, 1982; Nakajima, 1987). Saturniid moths are distributed widely throughout the world, and, especially in thc subtropics, they specialize into many genera and species. In Europe, six species in three genera, in Africa, 206 species in 40 genera, in Asia, 66 species in 40 genera, in Australia, 30 spe ¢ ies in five genera, in North America, 39 species in seven genera, and in South America, more than 588 species in 39 genera of Saturniidae are known ("R]ramoto, 1996). In Japan, 11 native species of Saturniidae in eight genera are distributed, and the life histories of these species have been investigated

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216 Keiko SHiRoMoTo and Yasuyuki SAKiJRA'i'Argt

(Hirashima, 1989). The larvae of Saturnildac spin a thick and large cocoon during pupa- tion. Some species of saturniid moths are reared like the silkworm, Bomh.vx mori, to utilize the sjlk of the cocoon (Teramoto, 1996). In particular, the silk o'1? the Japanese oak moth, "Green Antheraea .vantamai, cocoon, callcd Diamond," is very cxpensive. Recently, these moths have come to play an important role not only in physiological studies such as hor- monolegy, but algo in entomologjcal industry, such as cosmetics (Nakatomi, 1993; Kiuchi, 1997), In several countries ofAfrica andAsia, some species of saturniidlarvae and pupae are utilized for food (TUskes et aL, 1996; Kuribayashi, 1998; Matsuka and Umeya, 1998). In particular, many species of saturniid 1arvae feed on the leaves of oak trees (Fagaceae) and "Satoyama" elm trees (Ulmaceae). which are fbrested for the traditional coppices in Japan (Shiromoto and Sakuratani, 2004). Some saturniid moths, larvae, pupae and adults are the prey of avian predators such as the canion crow, Corvus corone (Sakuratani, 2001; "Satoyama" Shiromoto and Sakuratani, 2004). In recent years, the functions of have been reconsidered, with the result that their role has been recognized as not only important for production of natural resources but also as a habitat for preserving biodiversity, and coppice management is necessary to maintain these functions (Ishii et aL, 1993; Moriyama, 1997), Thus it is essential to clarify the roles of Saturniidae with regard to energy flow and the fbod web in coppices. However, studies on the biology and community ecology of these moths are limited, As most saturniid moths are generalists, many species of foodplants have been recorded (Kuribayashi, 1990; feramoto, 2001), For instance, foodplants of Satttr:nia jdrponica include about 40 tree species and those of Rhodinia .fLtgax include about 20 tree species (Inoue, 1982; Miyata, I983; Japanesc Highway Landscape Association, 1984; Sekiguchi, 2003). Field descriptions of foodplants of the Japanese oak moth, Antheraea yamanzai L'nclude 13 tree species, including cherry, Prunus × )･'edoensis, and apple, Mat"spt{mila (Rosaceae) ([[eramoto, 2001). However the foodplants ofP. yedoensis have not been recorded in the field. Some descriptions of the fOodplants of saturniid laniae remain uncertain. Thus it is necessary to Teview the foodplants of saturniid moths. Moreover, the foodplants used for rearing species such as A. ),amamai have been described, but field data on the foodplants of other species of saturniid moths remain unclear ([Ileramoto, 200 1 ),

In this study, we report thc fbodplants of saturniid moths observed in the field, and discuss the relationship between the hostplant range of saturniid larvae and the genealogy of sat- urniid moths in Japan.

Methods

We investigated the fbodplants of saturniid larvae from 1990 to 2006. The study sites were Naze City (Kagoshima Prefecture), Matsue City (Shimane Prefecture), Kobe City, Takarazuka City arid Himeji City (Hyogo Prefecture), Osaka City, Sakai City (Osaka Prefecture), Nara City, Yamatokooriyama City, Ikoma City, [Ibtsukawa-Mura (Nara Prefecture), Kyoto City and Yawata City, Kameoka City (Kyoto Prefecture), Shiga-gun, Kouga-gun (Shiga Prefecture), Nikko City (rlbchigi Prefecture), Fukushima City (Fukushima Prefecture), Ishinomaki City (Miyagi Prefecture) (Fig. 1). We recorded the species of saturniid moths, the stage (eggs, larvae and pupae) and the foodplant species at each study site. The cocoons of Saturniidae are usually spun among the leaves of the host- plant, and their eggs are usually laid on the host plant (Inoue, 1982; Tuskes et al., 1996), on these grounds we essentially regarded the species of plant associated with cocoons or eggs as host plant data, The data on foodplant specjes in this study is shown in Table 1, and [Ilable2 presents the literature for fbodplant data. Cluster analysis (Sakuratani & NEttsuhara, 1994) was applied to the fbodplants of saturniid moths, through examining the relationship

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2]7 Foodplants of Somc Satuniiid Moths in Japan

,,n

'OsakaCity,Sumiloe-ku,OsakaNankouBiTdSunetuary 'LJtgashi-osakaCity,TzumaiTovL'n,HjraekaPatk ' Snkui Ci[y, Hamad ¢ [a ParkFtg.

1. Study sites.

between the saturniid moth species and the geographjc distance. Similarities of the food- plant species of saturniid moths were determined with the Ochiai index (OD (Natsuhara, 1998) to clarify the interspecific relationship of saturniid moth species, OI index is us fo1- low;

C Ol. ii'a v'b

where the numbers of fbodplant species of two saturniid moth species are a and b, respec- tively, and c is the number of foodplant species common to both moth species. Similarities of the foodplant family of satu]miid moths were algo determined with the Ochiai index (OT),

``Moths For the arrangement of scientific names, we fbllowed tbe conventions of of Joj)an" "Revised (Inoue, 1982) for saturniid moths and Edition Makino's ne}v illttstrated Flora (if lapan" (Makino, 1989) for foodplants.

Results

A. List of foodplants recorded in the current study

The followjng foodplants of eight saturniid species were recorded in this investigation. New fbodplants were recorded for four species of saturniid moths, The arrangement of the

data obtained in this study is as follows.

Species of foodplanti locality, date, stage or cocoon Cpupa) [number of individuals].

We confirmed that no other foodplants grew nearby, and considered that the plant with the

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218 Keiko SHmoMo'ro and Yasuyuki SAKuRATANi

cocoon was the foodplant of that saturniid moth.

1. Samia aynthia (Japanese name: Shinjusan) LAURACEAE Cinnamomttm camphotzz (Japanese name: Kusunoki): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, NaTa Campus of Kinki University, 18-OcL-2003, cocoon [1 l. ROU[[ACEAE Zanthoayl"m aitanthoides (Japanese name: Karasuzanshou): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 3-Mar.-2005, cocoon (pupa) L1J, EUPHORBIACEAE Sapiunz sebijlrrum (Japanese name: Nankinhaze): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Kasugano [Ibwn, Mt Kasuga, 1-Jul,-2004, cocoon [4]. Pheltodendivn amurense (Japanese name: Kihada): Miyagi Pref.: Ishinomaki City, Mt.Magi-yama, 27-Dec.-2004, cocoon (pupa) [1]. SIMAROUBACEAE Picrasma quassioides (Japanese name: Nigaki): Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Tsuchiyu-Onsen Tbwn, 26-Dec.-2003, cocoon (pupa) Ll]. AQUIFOLIACEAE IIex rotunda (Japanese name: Kuroganemochi): Osaka Pref.: Sakai City, Hamadera Park, 29-June-2004, cocoon [3]. Nara Pref,: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 26-Sep.-2003, last-instar [1]; ]8-Oct.-2003, last-instar [4]; 12-Jul.-2004, last- instar f31; 29-Sep.-2004, last-instar Ll5], cocoon (pupa) [9]; 15-Feb,-2005, cocoon (pupa) ll]; 13-Sep.-2005, third-instar L8I, Hyogo Pref.: Himeji City, Hamate-Ryokuchi, 30- Aug,-2005, cocoon [2]. SCROPHULARIACEAE Pkeulownia tomentosa (Japanese name: Kiri): Miyagi Pref.: Ishinomaki City, Mt, Magiyama, 27-Dec.-2004, cocoon (pupa) L1].

This species is univoltine in North Japan and bivoltine in Central and South Japan. The overwmtermg stage is the diapausing pupa in a cocoon. Utilization fi'equency ofL Tvtunda was high at three places: Hyogo, Nara and Osaka Pref. In Nara City, we fbund an aggrega- tjon of these larvae on L tvtuHda (Aquifoliaceae), which is planted as a roadside tree every cocoons of this year. The species were collected on Paulownia tomentosa (Japanesc name: Cinncvnomum Kiri), cai?u)hora (Japanese name: Kusuneki) and E"scaphis J'aponica (Japanese name: Gonzui) (Shiromoto and Sakuratani, 2004), In 2004, this cocoon was found on Zdnthoaylum ailanthoides (Routaceae), There were records of this larvae feeding on P, tomentosa (Scrophulariaceae) in Ishinomaki City (Miyagi Pref,), The larvae of this species usually utilized the compound leaves of E. J'aponica, P, am"iense and Z. ailan- thoides, or the leaves of evergreen trees, C, caiiuJhora and L rotundd.

2. Antheraea yamamai (Japanese name: Yamamayu) MYRICACEAE torica rubra (Japanese name: Yainamomo): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 13-June-2000, [several larvae], 25-June-2001, Iast-instar [11.BETULACEAE

CaTpint{stschonoskii (Japanese name: Inushjde): Nara Pref,: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 24-May-2004, egg [1O1, 8-Jnn.-2004, third-instar [11flkoma City, Nabata [rbwn, Mt Ikomayama, 5-Dcc.-2004, egg [8]. Hyogo Prell: Kobe City, Kita- ku, Dojyo, 'ibchigi 25-Apr.-2004, second-instar [7], third-instar [1]. Pref,: Niklgo City, Ganman-ga-fuchi, 2-Jan.-2005, cocoon [91. Fukushima Pref,: Fukushima City, Arakawa

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219 Foodplants of Some Saturniid Moths in Japan

Riverside forest, 4-Jul,-2004, last-instar [4]; 29-Dec.-2004, cgg [2], cocoon [51; 30-Dec- 2004, egg [8], cocoen [19]; 30-Dec.-2004, egg [26], cocoon [27J; 23-Aug.-2005, cocoon (pupa) L3]; 24-Aug.-2005, cocoon [3]; 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [1]1 Fukushima City Sugita, 31-Dec.- Village of Four Season, 6-Jul.-2004, last-instar [3]IFukushima City, 2004, cocoon [2]. Miyagi Pref.: lshinomaki City, Mt.Magiyama, 27-Dec,-2004, cocoen ['5]. Cot:},lus sieboldiana (Japanese name: Tsunohashibami): Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside fbrest, 29-Dec.- 2004, cocoon [3], 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [1], cocoon Ll]. FAGACEAE Ftigus Jmponica (Japanese name: Inubuna): Fukushima Pref.i Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 29-Dec,-2004, cocoon [1], Miyagi Pref.: Ishinomaki City, Mt, Magiyama, 27-Dec.-2004, cocoon [3]. Nakamachi, Nara e"ercus serrata (Japanese name: Konara): Nara Pref,: Nara City, Campus of Kinki University, 1-Apr.-20e2, egg [6]; 30-Jan,-2004, egg [10]; 15-Feb,-2005, egg Lll]1)NJara City, Ninnikusen [[bwn, 17-Junc-2004, last-instar tll; 20-Feb,-2005, co- coon [2]IYamatokooriyama City, Yata [[bwn, Nature Park in Yata, 12-Aug.-2004, cocoon [1]; 16-Dec,-2004, egg [511, cocoon [2]IIkoma City, Nabata [Ibwn, Mt Ikomayama, 5- Dec.-2004, egg [10], Shiga Pref.: Shiga Tbwn, Genki Mura, 9-May2005, fourth-instar rlbchigi' 2-Jan.- [41; 23-Aug,-2005, cocoon [2]. Pref.: Niklco City, Ganman-ga-fuchi, 4-Jul.- 2005, cocoon [5]. Fukushima Prcf.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside fbrest, 2004, Iast-instar [2]; 5-Jul,-2004, last-instar [4]; 29-Dec.-2004, egg L17], cocoon [12]; 30-Dec.-2004, egg [3], cocoon [7]; 2-Jul,-2006, last-instar [3]IFukushima City, Village of Four Season, 6-Jul.-2004, last-instar [2]fFukushima City, Sugita, 31-Dec.-2004, egg [36], cecoon [9]. Miyagi Pref,: Ishinomaki City, MtMagiyama, 27-Dec,-2004, cocoon [3], Yagi [[bwn,4- euercus acutissima (Japanese name: Kunugi); Kyoto Pref.: Kameoka City, June-2004, cocoon [1]. Dojyo, e"eivus variahilis (Japanese name: Abemaki): Hyogo Pref,: Kobe City, Kita-ku, 25-Apr.-2004, second-instar l2]. euercus phillyraeoides (Japanese name: Ubamegashi)i Nara Pref,: Ikoma City, Nabata Tbwn, Mt Ikomayama, 30-May-2004, third-instar [1]; 5-Dec.-2004, egg [24]INara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 1-June-2004, fourth-instar [3]; 2-June- 20e4, last-instar [1]INara City, Ninnikusen [Ibwn, 17-June-2004, fourth-instar [31; 15- last-instar Feb.-2004, cocoon [1]. Hyogo Pref,: Kobe City, Kita-ku, Dojyo, 1-June-1993, [1], Pref.: Matsue City, euereus m>,rsinaqfblia (Japanese name: Shirakashi): Shimane Nara [famayu [[bwn, 8-Nov,-2004, cocoon [11. Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Yagi Campus of Kinki University, l5-Feb.-2005, egg [10J. Kyoto Pref,: Kameoka City, Town. 4-June-2004, coceon [1]. euereus glauca (Japanese name: Arakashi)i Osaka Pref.: Higashi-Osaka City, Izumoi [[bwn, Hiraoka Park, 5-Dec. 2004, egg L9]fOsaka City, Suminoe-ku, Osaka Nankou, 26- Jan-2006, cocoon [2]. Nara PreC: Yamatokooriyama City, Yata [[bwn, 16-Dec,-2004, co- Hyogo coon [1]. Kyoto Pref.: Kameoka City, Yagi Town, 4-June-2004, fourth-instar [1], Pref.: [lakarazuka City, Takedao, 25-Apr,-2004, third-instar [13]. City,Kasugano etteretts sessilijblia (Japanese name: Tsukubanegashi): Nara Pref.: Nara [[bwn, Mt Kasugayama, 11-Sep.-2004, cocoon [2]. [[bwn, Mt Castanea crenata (Japanese name: Kuri): Nara Pref.: lkoma City, Nabata Ikomayama, 5-Dec.-2004, egg [2]INara City, Ninnikusen [[bwn, 20-Dec.-2005, cocoon [1]. Shiga Pref,: Ohtsu City, Ishiyama, 11-Jul.-2004, last-instar [1]IShiga-gun, Shiga Tbwn, Genki Mura, 9-June-2005, third-instar [3]. Tochigi Pref.: Niltko City, Ganman-ga-

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fuchi, 2-Jan.-2005, cocoon [5], Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Rjverslde forest,29-Dec, 2004, cocoon L5]; 24-Aug,-2005, cocoon [3]; 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [1]. Castanopsis sieholdii (Japanese name: Sudajii): Kagoshima Pref,: Naze City, Kominato, 25-May-1996, last instar [t]fNaze City, Honcha Pass, 12-June-2004, last-instar [4]. Nara Pref,: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 23-June-1999, last-instar [1]. Kyoto Pref.: Kameoka City, Yhgi Tbwn, 4-Jul.-2004, last-instar [5]. Lithocaipus edulis (Japanese name: Matebashii): Osaka Pref.: Osaka City, Suminoe-ku, Osaka Nankou Bird Sanctuary, 16-Dec.-1993, cocoon [1]; 14-Dec.-1994, cocoon [1]; 3- Jul.-2004,last-instar [1]. Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Carnpus of Kinki University, 16-Dec.-2003, cocoon [11, ROSACEAE

Pn{nt{s× yedoensis (Japanese name: Someiyoshino): Kyoto Pref.: Kyoto City, Sakyo-ku, Yase, 13-Aug,-2004, egg [l6]. Pruntts ,iamasak"ra (Japanese name: Yamazakura): Nara Pref,: Nura City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 31-Man-2003, egg [181. [Ibchigi Pref,: Nikko City, Ganman-ga-fuchi, 2-Jan,-2005, cocoon Ll ],

This s.pecies is polyphagous and univo]tine in Japan. The hibernation stage is early-instar larva m the egg shell. e. serrata was utilized most in many areas. C. tschonoskiii was the species dominant and hitherto has not been recorded, In Nara, Hyogo, Fukushima diid Miyagi Prefectures, eggs and the larvae (first and last instar) were found on C tschonoskii (Betulaceae) and they may commonly feed on this plant in Japan. The frequency of utiliza- tion of e. acutissima and e. crenata were low, In Nara Prefecture, we know that the larvae feed on several species of oak tree; e. seriuta, e. ac"tissima, e. glauca, 2. phillyvaeoides, Castafzopsis sieboldii, and Lithocarptts edulis, In June 2001, the larvae and cocoons were collected on M.yrica rubiu planted as garden plants (Shiromoto and Sakuratani, 2004). On Amami Island, larvae fed only on C. sieboldi.

3. Saturnia J'onasii (J apanese name: Himeyarnarnayu) BETULACEAE Carpint{stschonoskii (Japanese name: Inushide): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakannachi, Nara Campus o'f Kinlci Unjversity, 8-June-2004, third-instar [1], Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [2], FAGACEAE eueiTus phillyvaeoides (Japanese name: Ubamegashi): Nura Pref,: lkoma City, Nabat,a Tbwn, Mt Ikomayama, 30-May-2004, last-instar [1], Cuereus serrata (Japanese name: Konara): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Blinki University, 19-Apr,-2003, first-instar [1]. Castanea crenata (Japanege name: Kuri): Nara Pref,: Ikoma City, Nabata Tbwn, Mt Ikomayama, 30-May-2004, last-instar [1]. LAURACEAE Lindem umbetlata var, membJunacea (Japanese name: Obakuromoji): Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 5-Ju].- 2004, last-instar [1]. ROSACEAE Prttnusxyedoensis (Japanese name: Someiyoshino): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 19-May-2003, fourth-instar [1], last-instar [1]; 21- Apr.-2005, first-instar I 1]. Prunets jamasakura (Japanese name: lfamazakura): Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 2-Jul,-2006, last-instar [1], ACERACEAE Acer mono van marmotu.tum f. di.ssect"m (Japanese name: Itayakaede): Shiga Pref.:

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221 Foodplants of Some Saturniid Moths in Japan

Shiga-gun, Shiga Town, Biwako-Valley, 17-Jul,-2005, last-instar [1]. Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 5-Jul.-2004, last-instar [1]. AQUIFOLIACEAE Jtex rotunda (Japanese name: Kuroganemochi): Nara Pref,: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 1-June-2000, last-instar 1' 1]; l8-June-2000, last-instar [1]. CORNASEAE Swida macipph.vtta (Japanese name: Kumanomizuki): Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [1], ERICACEAE Nara Liy,onia ovalijblia (Japanesc name; Nejiki): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Campus of Kinki University, 18-Apr.-2005, first-instar [1]; 21-Apr,-2005, first-instar [1], STYRACACEAE Sij,･mx jqponica (Japanese name: Egonoki): Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [2].

This species is polyphagous and univoltine in Japan, The overwintering stage is the egg. Foodplants frem various families were utilized in every area. In Nara Prefecture, the food- plants are cherry tree P. )Tedoensis (Rosaceae), V. ditatatttm (Caprifoloaceae), L rotunda C. (Aquifoliaceae) and other trees. Fourth-instar larvae were found on the foodplants, tschonoskii and e, phillyraeoidesi, in 2004, and first-instar larvae were found feeding on L. ovalij'otia (Ericaceae) in 2005, We found ]ast-instar larvae feeding on L. umbeltata (Lauraceae) in Fukushima Prefecture.

4. SaturniaJ'aponica (Japanese name: Kususan) JUGLANDACEAE Juglans mandshuri.ca var, sachalinensis (Japanese name: Onigurumi): Hyogo Pref.: Kobe City, City, Kita-ku, Dejo, 25-Apr.-2004, egg L18]. Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima Tsuchiyu-Onsen [Ibwn, 6-Ju].-2004, last-instar [1]; 2-Jul,-2006, last-instar [4]. BETULACEAE CaJpinus joponica (Japanese name: Kumashide): Fukushima Pref,: Fukushima City, Tsuchiyu-Onsen Tbwn, 6-Jul,-2004, Iast-instar []]. Cailpinu,s tschonoskii (Japanese name: Inushide): Fukushjma Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 4-Jul,-2004, last-instar []], cocoon [5]; 29-Dec,-2004, egg [142J, cocoon [1]; 24-Aug,-2005, cocoon [1]; 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [3]. FAGACEAE Tsuchiyu- Quercvts serrata (Japanese name: Konara): Fukushima Pref,: Fukushima City, Onsen [[bwn, 6-Jul,-2004, last-instar [1], cocoon [1]IFukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 29-Dec.-2004, cocoon [11; 23-Aug.-2005, cocoon [5]; 2-Jul.-2006, cocoon [1]fFukushima City, Arakawa Riverside fbrest Azuma-sports' Park, 24-Aug.-2005, co- coon [1]. rlbwn, Castanea crenata (Japanese name: Kuri): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Ninnikusen 17- June-2004, last-instar [6]. Hyogo Pref.: Kobc City, Kita-ku, Dejo, 25-Apr.-2004, egg Kyoto Pref,: Kameoka City, Yagi [Ibwn, 4-June-2004, last-instar [severa] laTvae]. [10]. rlbwn, Shiga Pref,: Shiga-gun, Shiga Genki Mura, 29-May-2005, cocoon (pupa) l1]. Fukushima Pref.i Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 5-Jul,-2004, last-instar [18]; 29-Dec.-2004, cocoon [1]; 23-Aug.-2005, cocoon [1]IFukushima City, Tsuchiyu-Onsen [Ibwn, 6-Jul.-2004, last-instar [about 30], cocoon (pupa) [IJfFukushima City, Arakawa last- Riverside forest Azuma-sports' Park, 24-Aug.-2005, cocoon (pupa) [7]; 2-Jul.-2006, instar [102 ], ROSACEAE Prunus gra})aina (Japanese name: Uwamizuzakura): Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City,

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222 Keiko SHiRoMo'ro and Yasuyuki SAKuR,iTAM

Arakawa Riverside fbrest, 23-Aug.-2005, cocoon [1]; 24-Aug,-2005, cocoon [1]; 23- Feb,-2006, egg [78], cocoon [1]; 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar L2]. Prunus jamasakura (Japanese name: Yamazakura): Fukushima PreL: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 2-Jul,-2006, last-instar [61. ANACARDIACEAE Rhus juvanica var, tvxbuFlghii (Japanese nEune: Nurude): Nara PreL: Nura City, Ninnikusen Ibwn, 17-June-2004, last-instar [1]; 20-Feb.-2005, cocoon [1]. Kyoto Pref.: Kameoka City, Yagi [Ibwn, 4-June-2004, last-instar [l31, Hyogo Pref.: Kobe City, Kjta- ku, Dejo 25-Apr.-2004, egg [8], cocoon [2]. Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 4-Jul.-2004, cocoon []]; 5-Jul,-2004, cocoon [1]; 2-Jul,-2006, last-instar [28], ACERACEAE Acer mono var. marmoiatum f. dissectt{m (Japanese nurne: Itayakaede): Fukushima PreE: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [20]. HIPPOCAS[[IANACEAE Aesculus hippocastanum (Japanese name: Seiyotochinoki): Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [2]. CORNASEAE Si･vida macmpphylla (Kumtmomizuki): Fukushima PreE: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [251.

This species is polyphagous and univoltine in Japan. The overwintering stage is the egg. These Iarvae are well-known pests of plantations such as chestnut and walnut, and they are gregarious (Sekiguchi, 2003). C. crenata and R, jovanica var. rwxbuilghii were utilized in many areas. We found the gregarious larvae on R.javanica var. roxhurghii in the Arakawa River (Fukushima Pref.) and in a chestnut C, cienata plantation in Yagi (Kyoto Pref.). Many 1arvae and cocoens of this species were found on C. tschonoskii in the Arakawa Riverside forest. However, we have not fbund these gregarious larvae in the coppice on Nara Campus of Kinki University (Nara Pref,) and the species is rare (Shiromoto & Sakuratani, 2004).

5. Rhodinia jugax CJapanese namc: Usutabiga) SALICACEAE Saiix chaenometoides (Japanese name: Marubayanagi): Nara PreC: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus ofKinki University, 8-June-2005, fourth-instar [1], Satix suElf)Tagilis (Japanese name: [fachiyanagi): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 15-Apr,-2004, first-instar [7]. BETULACEAE Carpinustschonoskii (Japanese name: Inushide): Hyogo PreE: Kobe City, Kita-ku, DQjo, 25-Apr.-2004, second-instar [1], Fukushima PreE: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 5-Jul, 2004, last-instar [1]; 5-Jul,-2004, last-instar [1]; 4-Jul,-2004, cocoon [1]; 30-Dec.-2004, cocoon []]; 30-Dec,-2004, cocoon [2]; 2-Jul.-2006, last-instar [3], EAGACEAE quercbts phillyrueoides (Japtmese name: Ubamegashi): Nara Pref.: Ikoma City, Nabata Tbwn, Mt lkomayama, 30-May-2004, last-instar r3]; 1O-Jul.-2005, cocoon (pupa) [1]. euercus acutissima (Japanese name: Kunugi): Nara Pref.: Yamatokooriyama City, Nature Park in Yata, 16-Dec.-16, cocoon ll]. 2uerc"s servata (Japanese name: Konara): Nara Pref.: Nara City Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 5-Jan,-2004, cocoon [1]; 16-Apr.-20. 05, first-instar [4]fNara City,Ninnikusen [Ibwn, 20-Feb.-2005, cocoon [1]IYamatokooriyama City, Yata [Ibwn, Nature Park in Yiztta, 23-Jan.-2004, cocoQn [1 ]/Ikoma City, Nabata [[bwn, Mt Ikomayama,

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Foodplants of Some Saturniid Moths in Japan 223

5-Dec,-2004, egg El], cocoon [2]. Quercus myrsinaefotia (Japanese name: Shirakashi): Nara Pref,: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 5-Jul.-2005, cocoon L1]. Castanea cienata (Japanese namc: Kuri): Nara Pref.: Ikoma City, Nabata Town, Mt Ikomayama, 30-May-2004, last-instar Ll]; 5-Dec.-2004, egg [12], cocoon [2]; 10-Jul,- 2005, last-instar [2], cocoon (pupa) [2]fNara City, Ninnikusen Tbwn, 20-Feb.-2005, co- rlbwn, coon [1]. Shiga Pref.: Shiga-gun, Shiga Genki Mura, 29-May-2005, fourth-instar [2], cocoon (pupa) [1], [[bchigi Pref,: Nikl(o City, [Ilanze, 2-Jan,-2005, egg [4], cocoon [2]. Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City Village of Four Season, 30-Dec,-2004, egg [3], ULMACEAE Cettis sinesis var, 1'aponica (Japanese name: Enoki): Nara Pref.: Ikoma City, Nabata Tbwn, Mt Ikomayama, 5-Dec.-2e04, cocoon [51. Zlelkova serrata (Japanese name: Keyaki): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 4-June-2004, last-instar [1]; 29-Nov.-2004, cocoon [7]; 16- Apr,-2005, egg [4]akoma City, Nabata Tbwn, Mt Ikomayama, 5-Dec,-2004, egg I31, co- coon [1 ]IYamatokooriyama City, Yata [Ibwn, Nature Park in Yata, 16-Dec.-2004,cocoon [3]. [Ibchigi Pref,: Nikko City, Ganman-ga-fuchi, 2-Jan.-2005, cocoon [1]. Miyagi Pref,: Ighinomaki City, Mt.Magiyama, 27-Dec.-2004, cocoon [21. Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Japanese name: Harunire): Tbchigi Pref.: Niltko City, Nikko, 2-Jan.-2005, cocoon Ll]. ROSACEAE Prttnus mume (Japanese name: Ume): Nara Pref,: Yamato-Koriyama City, Yata [[bwn, Nature Park in Yata Hills, 16-Dec.-2004, cocoon [1]. Pr"ntts gra.vama (Japanese name: Uwamizuzakura): Nara Pref.: Ikoma City, Nabata [fown, Mt Ikomayama, 5-Dec.-2004, cecoon [2]. PntnLis × .vedoensis (Japanese name: Someiyoshino): Nara Pref,: Yamato-Koriyama City, rlbwn, Yata [Ibwn, Nature Park in Yata, 16-Dec.-2004, cocoon [2]IIkoma City, Nabata Mt Ikomayama, 5-Dec.-2004, egg [17], cocoon Ll]; 10-Jul,-2005, Iast-instar [1]INara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus ofKinki University, 7-June-2005, last-instar [11, Kyoto Pref.: Yawata City, Sewari-tsutsumi, 9-Dec.-2004, cocoon [1]; 23 Dec.-2004, egg [7], cocoon [4]. Prt{nus jamasakura (Japanese name: Yamazakura): Miyagi Pref.: Ishinomaki City, Mt.Magiyama, 27-Dec,-2004, egg [6], cocoon [3], ACERACEAE Acerpatmatum (Japanese nttme: lrohamomiji): Nara Pref,: Ikoma City, Nabata Town, Mt Ikomayama, 5-Dcc.-2004, cocoon [9]; 10-Jul,-200S, last-jnstar [1]. Kyoto Pref.: Kameoka City, Yagi [[bwn, 4-June-2004, last-instar [3], cocoon [1]IKyoto City, Sakyo-ku, Yase, 7-Sep.-2004, cocoon Ll]. Tochigi PreE: Nikl

Benthamidia ,florida (Japanese ndine: Hanamizuki): Kyoto Pref.: Yawata City, Sewari- tsutsumi, 9-Dec.-2004, cocoon [4], egg [9].

This species is polyphagous and univoltine in Japan. The hibernation stage is the egg. Adults emerge latest among saturniid species. A. palmatc{m planted as a garden plant was utilized in many areas. We fbund larvae on new foodplants, Satix subfkagiZis (Salicaceae), in 2004, S. chaenometoides in 2005 on the Nara Campus of Kinki University (Nara City) and C, tschoneskii in 2004 in Hyogo Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture, In Kyoto Prefecture, the cocoon and the eggs were fbund on B. .florida planted as garden plants in

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224 Keiko SHIRoMoTo and Yasuyuki SAKuRATANI

2004.

6. Actias gnoma (Japanese name: Onagamizuao) BETULACEAE AInus .finnia (Japanese name: Yashabushi): Shiga Pref.: Shiga-gun, Shiga [Ibwn, Kitakomatsu, 1-Sep.-2004, egg [4]. Alntts y'aponica (Japanese name: Hannoki): Nara Pref,: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 11-May-2004, first-instar [1O]INara City, Ninnikusen [lbwn, 30-May-2005, egg [4].

This species is oligophagous, feeding on fewer foodplants than other saturnijd moths, The morpho]ogy and life cyc]e of this species are very similar te those ofA. artenzis. We did not find larvae of this species on plants other than A.,1'aponica in thjs study,

While plants of the genus Alnus are known hest plants, we did not find them feeding on A, sieboldiana growing near A. japonica on the Nara Campus of Kinki University (Nara City).

7.Actias artemis (Japanese name: Omizuao) BETULACEAE Atn"s sieboldiana (Japanese name: Obayashabushi): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki Unjversity, 2-Aug,-2003, fburth-instar [5]; 1-Jul,-2004, egg [16], Shiga Pref,: Shiga-gun, Shiga Tbwn, Genki Mura, 1-Sep.-2004, egg [32], third-instar [1]. Alnus firma (Japanese name: Yashabushi): Shiga Pref,: Shiga-gun, Shiga Town, Genki Mura, 21-Aug,-2004, egg [8]. Atnt{s .iaponica (Japanese name: Hannoki): Nara Pref.: Nara City, Nakamachi, Nara Campus of Kinki University, 3-Aug,-2003, egg [5]; 14-Jul,-2004, egg. [1]; larvae [sever- al]. Atm{s serrutatoides (Japanese name: Kawaeahannoki): Shiga Pref.: Kouga-gun, Daito Riverside, 11-Oct.-1987, last-instar [1]. CZiipinus tschonoskii (Japanese name: Inushide): Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 4-Jul.-2004, egg [2]. ACERACEAE Acer mono var. marmoratum f, dissectum (Japanese name: Itayakaede): Nara Pref.: TQtsukawa-Mura, Obako Pass, 18-Aug.-2005, last-instar [1].

This species is polyphagous and bivoltine in Japan. The first generation pupa of this species spins acecoon among the leaves of the foodp]ant. The sccond generation pupa spinsa co- coon in fallen leaves near the base of the foodplants and hibernates as a pupa. On the Nara Ctunpus of Kinki University (Nara City), the ]arvae of this species were found on A. J'aponi- ca andA. sieboldiana every year. We found eggs on the leaves of C. tschonoskii in the Arakawa River (Fukushima Pref,), The parasitic wasp, Pseudanastatus albitanyi,y, appeared from these eggs, therefore we could not identify the larvae feeding on C. tschonoskii.

8. Agtica J'aponica (Japanese name: Ezoyotsume) BETULACEAE Carpinus tschonoskii (Japanese name: Inushide): Fukushima Pref.: Fukushima City, Arakawa Riverside forest, 2-Jul.-2006, fourth-instar [1], last-instar [2]. EAGACEAE euercus serrata (Japanese name: Konara): Kyoto Pref.: Kameoka City, Yagi Tbwn, 3- June-2004, last-instar [1].

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225 Foodplants of Some Saturniid Moths in Japan

Table 1． List of foodplantsく⊃f Saturniidae recorded in thisstudy ．

Food plants Species of Saturniidae moths

魅 § 唱 § ℃ リ 唱 ） 贈 q ミ 饉 こ 鑓 ℃ 詮 ミ ・ ミ ミ 叩ミ ミ q 哨 ミ 竹 ミ p 燵 ミ ミ 罨 ミ O ミ 謹 O ミ ミ 鍵 嵩 職 簡 薯 ミ 驚 ミ 気 ミ ・ 電 ミ o k ミ ミ Q 電 超 鴛 こ q 6 眺 曁 、 ミ 、 ミ 乾 唱 ミ． Scientific name 亅apanese name り く り リ 曝 刈 く 孑 ’ Myi ica rubra ヤ マ モ モ ●

趣8＠ 互．嬲 塵 互鍵 蟹 ．ヒ鐸τ：．照 ψψ 蟹 茎 ．．．オ．三．グ 1セ．ミ 9 ．．．．．．．．．．．．． ∫Ctlix chaenomeloides マ ル バ ヤ ナ ギ ●

s・sエ‘妙 α 8躍ど5 タ．乏ヤ．プ：．ギ．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．o ． Aln曜 55iebol ‘iianα オ オ バ ヤ シ ャ ブ シ ● A ，戸朋 α ヤ シ ャ ブ シ △ △ A ．ノapon ’o α ハ ン ノ キ ● ● − A ．se − utatoides カ ワ ラ ハ ン ノ キ ● ’ ’ CaPJin”h ノ叩 o η ∫c α ク マ シ デ ● c，tschonoskii イ ヌ シ デ ● ． ● ● △ ● Co り伽 ∫ 漉 わoJ4∫απα ッ ノ ハ シ バ ミ …● … Fagus／aponica イ ヌ ブ ナ ○ （｝ue 厂c 姫 ∫丿hi〃．vraeoides ウ バ メ ガ シ ● ． ● G．acuti ∬ 舳 α ク ヌ ギ ○ ○ 9．variabilis ア ベ マ キ ● 9．serrata コ ナ ラ ● ． ● ● ● 9．se ∬ iltYblia ツ ク バ ネ ガ シ ○ e．glttu‘／a ア ラ カ シ ● 9．’η y癬 η α 4b〃α シ ラ カ シ 瓢 ○ C α 、ytanea crenata ク リ ● ． ● ● Castanopsis siebotdii ス ダ ジ イ ●

Li． thocarpus edttlis ヱ 重．巷2．ゴ．．一．．．．．．．． … ’ ’ Celtis．sinensis var ．ノaponica エ ノ キ 〕∩ Zelkova serrata ケ ヤ キ ● Utmus davidi．ana var ， ハ ル ニ レ ∩ japonica …） 4塵塵些壘｛墨塵星¢ 処．ど¢ 石．川 弖澀々難 哩些 矍 ｛．．．．．オ オ バ ク ロ 至冫1．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．Q ．．． Prunus mume O P ，9 塀 〃 1α ウ ワ ミ ズ ザ ク ラ ● O P ・ yedoensis ソ メ イ ヨ シ ノ ム ● ● P ．．ノamasake ｛ra ヤ マ ザ ク ラ ○△ ● ● ○ △ 趣〜〜盈璽 ．照 々鰹 望 理 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．ナ ン キ ン ハ ゼ ．．．．．．．．．Q ．．． ．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．− Zanthox．vtum ailanthoides カ ラ ス ザ ン シ ョ ウ 0

／i 2皇ξ1姪4ξ旦4rg星．鰍τ璽r6塑照 ．．．．．．．．．．．、、「．．、．『＿．．．．．三キノ ダ Q 、．． ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．． Picrasma quassioides ニ ガ キ ．．Q ．．．．．

紐 殫 超 ヒ＠ 錐 ．y璽 二．r璽 々酵蕉 姫、『．．．．．．．＿．．．．．．．．．区．ル．至．．＿．．．．．．．．、 一、◎．．．．、 AcerpalmatuFn イ ロ ハ モ ．ミ ジ ● ’ A ． mono var ． rn α rmoratum f． dissectunt イ タヤ カ エ デ ．．．●．．．．．．．Q ．． ● ． Aescuiu，s hippocastanum セ イ ヨ ウ トチ ノ キ ．．．．．．●．．． ∬♂α 斟 正祕 σ ．．．．．．．．．．．．．、、．2．旦． 丕舌乏．．．．．．．．．．．．．●．．．．．．．．．．．．．●．． ∫w ‘ぬ ’η α c 厂ρ助yμα ク マ ノ ミ ズ キ ● ● 塵 r吻 鯉 廻盈丑配 i＠ ム ナ．ミ．．茎．キ．．．． ○ △ 俊o 旦醜．9vα！抛妲＿． ネ ジ キ ● 勘 ’：璽 1ζiρo 啌 旦．．．．．．． エ ゴ ノ キ ．．．．．．．．．．．．．●．． Pa ‘‘lownia 彦0 用 θ曜 0 ∫α キ リ ○

Total no ． s ecies 6 17 12 11 17 2 6 2

● ：Rdiablc species ． Larvae observed feeding on tree in this study ．

○ ： Indefinite spccics 、 Coco 〔m attached to tree from which an adu ］t emerged ．

△ ： Indefinite species ． Llve egg attached to tree．

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226 Keiko SHIRoMoTo and Yasuyuki SAKuRATANT

9 寸 G 竃 窶 … 蕁 重 ミ ●● ● ● ● ● 黥 o 戔 ◎ 急っ § 噸 、

貯b ［司 室 ロ景 b 口「肱 鎗 ミ ● ● ● ● e ． ● 穹遭 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ も 毳 司 ド・ 可． 「 … 〔 n 昌 守 電 ミ ● ● ● ● 9 竈 （ 捷 、ミ ） ◎ り ご。 て

n 藷 肌 ｝ 嚇罵 陶 ● ● ● ● O ミ》蓬 範 亀。 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ で 8 牆 霞 ミ 唱口 ミ 恥 ヨ 呱． 「− 崑 『 窪 瞬 二 二 胃 津 ．， コ 。 四− の 繕 暢§ ミ § ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ミ § ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ 嘘 、 吻 ，

h ． 卜 貯 ［ n ［ 日 遣 謎 蕘 ● ● ● ● 塁 』 唱 瑁 ミ 冒ミ ◎ ◎ 、 絹 豸 臈 ° 鴫゜

勹 。 く 〈 む 。 ゆ の o お ° く 〈 o f 丶 α § 胛 °亠 宅 ミ ○ ○ L 丿 C ○ ○ ○ ○ 〈 oo2 ミ ミ ． 導 ■ ● ● 避 辷 ◎ ◎ ◎−． ◎ ◎ 勹 遠 菫 ． ＝ て お 2 ヨ 唱 マ 鉦 ミ ● ● ● ミ因ミ 2 ． ． ． 訓 §匕 ． ． ． o 防 ． ． ．旨 ヨ ． ． ． 、． ． 等 ． ヨ −，． ． ． o ． ． 躯 ． あ ， ． ． ζ （ 、． ． ギ ． 皆 ト o 、， 、． 霧 ，． 岬 n 駝 讐 箸 片 丶 ￥ 岬 唱 ≡ 一 、 邸 ． 岬 綴 賠 駈 ＜ 弘 職 奉 墾 娠 縣 く襲 丶 へ あ あ 丶 ＝ ， ． 日 「 o 心 賠 無 ミ 娘 ．販 県 心 レ 齢 キ レ 覽． 晋 へ 身 廊 八 く ト や 転 躯 限 ζ 心 恭 ［⊃ の 8 o 艀 冂 町 県 気 ボ 蜘 そ m ＜ 早 ロ ム 期 丶 “ 丶 丶 （ 駆 キ 丶ら ハ ム ら （ 懸 ト 眠 臥 ロ う ． 篝 11 揺 ロ ム 矩 堅 八 丶 じ あ 長 降 丶 抵 P 鉢 ヤ 旧 ホ 恒． ミ ト ヤ ヘホ 凶 く 戸 賛 砥 レ 恭 ト 、 02 ヘ γ 、 曾 Y へ ヱ 叺 △ タ 心 駅 ヤ 、 へ 外 ヤ へ ヤ あ 矩． 於 面 ． ヤ ギ レ 丶 出 、 く く 駈 キ 吹 ト 争 ト ト b ．「 ．， ． ．、 薦 ．，、 霧 ． ．… 一属 晝 ．、 § ．： ． ） 盈 ．「 ミ ．， ． ． N ． 藁 oo ． ．， ．… 嘱） ． ミ ．、 ． ． ）〔 ．， ： ご ． 、 、． § 8 ． 努 ． 9 」 （ ． ． ．、 ，： § o ． ． ， 、 馳っ ． ， 唱 日 ．旨 旨 ， ． 〉 副 蔦 ． 時 、 唱 ． 慧 ． 篷 ． 9 電 o ． 弼 ： 建 ． 鳶 謹隱 ． ヒ ミ 顔 ． ミ ． 罨 と ． 髦 黜 嵩 ミ ．， ミ ミ 諸 ． o ． ミ ＝ 旨 ミ ミ ．， （ 罨 § 唱 ． 園 Ng 藁 、 ミ 触 ミ 費 貼 軌 § 唱 丶 コ ミ 竜 ． 硫 Q 電 5 一 ミ 蓴 ミ 辷 “ ミ 2 一 O 慧 ミ O 盞 菴 幅鷺 堅 捻 、 ミ ミ ｝ 謡 ミ Ψ ミ 齷 』 づ 亭コ o 吋 ミ 笛 思 易 OQ 劉 ミ 逼 的 冒 耄 ミ 巳 ミ と 塁 の ） OQ 魯 8 ミ 、 尋 謡 暗 ニ 鴇 い、 § 、隔 邸 ミ 引 O § 慧50Q 毳 ミ 丶 o 噌 圏 邸 竃 輯 Q N 導 塾 詮 … ・ の 簍 ご 訂 亀 巴 ミ 巴ミ ミ ミ 嵩 驚 ミ ヒ o む窟 悦 儒 刳 爵 OOOQ 曲 魯 o ミ ミ誌 §M o ミ No Ob 眉 三 ≦ ミ 9 奪 心 ミ トヒ 髦 ミ aua 隷 謎 容蓮 台 ミ ミ 捻 辷 辷 建 ≒ ・ ＄ 気 鴬 匂 の oP 慧 q ミ 電 効 ミ 煙 甦 詫 効 当 三 ミ 覊 紀 養 忌 三 こ 窓 § § と ミ 冖 ミ ミ 鴨 い． 謁 ご （コ 硫 § 《 図 矧 謡 ⇔ロ 。。 M 帽 謹弋 蕊 劃 5 ミ 、 緊 、 コ8 鏨 ミ 二 ［ 剃 ， 魯 ． 嵩 ミ ． ．．．§ ．Q ごo ぎ ．唱 ，． 摺 ［ （ o む ． ミ 篭 ヒコ 編 州 罵 い 這 の q ミ ⊇ 噎 ミ 丶 ， 頃 へ 馬 、噸 硫 嘱 圃 ． 鴫 竃 て 噸 ぐ 噸 噸 噸 匂 O U 9 匂 コ邸 ミ 馬 ヘ 9 9 U 旨 豸 O 旨芝 旨h ，の ．国 匡

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227 Foodplants of Some Saturniid Moths in Japan

［° 〆 舞 三 三・ ゴ マ守 三 三 マ 等 ● ●● ■ ● ● ● ◎

a L．｝ ■t ト レ ’ et イ 一旨 ／ 樗 魂 ● ● ● ● ● ■

． ． ． ． ． ［£・ 晝 1 ： 「 植 朗． ● ● ● ● ● 息 ●O ． ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎「 ゜ ’ 鰺 ＃ 飢 … 1 巽 n 1 … 町 6b6 b ● ° ° ° ° ° i ● ● ◎ … … …

臣． ： °、J 象 Pt隅 Vt Ut eL L 3 ’． ロ 寸 t 望 ： ミ ttt ● ● ● ● 樋 6 ●…●● ● ◎ ◎ ◎． ． ． c む ° ． ． く］〈 〈 d ． σ 。 ． 〈 ： ゴ 二 三 ○ ： 。 。 ． 。 。 ＃ 〇 心… 判 〈 帰 ● ‘ 喝 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●i O ． ◎ ● ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎i ● ○ ゆ ． ． く］ ． 1一 き ． n 呂 一． ± ● ● ● ● ． ● ．

．， ． ． ， 病 ． ． ． ， ． ，隔 … 劇 E 撮 斜 NL ， ， ロ 丶 卜 b ヱ ’） 奈 氣 ； ヤ … ，… 鼻 ，、 へ Is “， ，1 R 、〉、《 ，丶 娘 口 獵 ヤ ．M … ム 肯 “ へ ， も “ 犁 レ 快 一 へ ⊃ 八 K 1卜 ト好 レ 映 b ス 長 艦 氣 く 跳 ￥ 、 く… 驟 zl 丶 せ 片 ； 丶 K 咽 長 p 衡 ‡ 〔 只゜鉢 ’ ’ ・ 1 ・ 丶 昏 眺 丹 ス み 腎 八 示 寒 臥 〈 恥 》・ ・］ 〈N 卜 浪 へ 心 申 臥 ト・… ム ミヘ ギ … K ヤ N ， 蜜 塾 判 レ 〃 厂 P コ 豪 駁 冂 NX 卜 卜 R 和 心 ・♪〜 卜 1 ＞ 心 k 駁 レ1 l民 く む H… へ 和 耗 ． 蛭 卜 ト 心 《 墾 ト ト ．， §・ ． 》 ． ミ ． ． § ． 蕁 ） ． 心 ミ ミ ． ． 9 噺 ． ， ． ． ． ミ ， ． ． ． 営 墨矧 茫 ミ， ヨ ， ． ，． 、ミ ． 、 ， 唱 「 ． ． 熱 ， ． ． 厩 匸 ） 詰 ， − ． 耄 ， ミ 萬 、 ． ． 朔 ． 、 〉 ． § ． 墅 冖“ 登 ミ 竃 ． 鼠 障 謹 丶ミ 蕊 ． … 黥、曽 § 息 唱 峯 o ミ ミ ． 罫 謹 ミ 虐 罨 喝 ミ 慧 ． 螺 9 ミ ミ § ε 剛 ． ミ → ミ 慧 § ミ 裂 諺 副 訂 ミ ． 遥 ミ 裁 N ミ 唱 剛 M 勢 遣 ℃ OO ． 矧 N 黥 ミ ． 遷 ミ 患 」 ．O ミ 製 k 茎 齪 、 唱 ミ 詫§ − 蝨 ミ 蝨 竈 辷 口 ．訂 慧 N 螽 鵯 秘 ＝ U 蠹 ミ q 噛 掌 ぎ ヨ 逼 § ミ O 葱、℃ 器 り ミ 旨 ミ 晝 ミ 黥 q 逼 ミ 鉈 h ミ ミ O 節 ミ 09h ミ ミ 愚 さ ミ o 魚 轄 剛 ＝ 竃 も ミ 竃 議 ミ 竜 圃 熱 唱 ミ り O ミ 邸 O 轄 智 q 尊 も 嚇 電 弼 盈 急 の 、 着 建 ミ § 呼 OOO § 鬘 物 り 慧 切 嚇 費 晦 量 野 き ζ 建 心 9 OQ ミ ミ 昏 矧 慧 冖 慧 弼 ミ ミ ミ ． （ ミ 蕊 電 冂 ≡ 毫 6 OO 匂 晩 ミ ミ ミ 辷 竃螽 § ミ ミ b 鶏 龕 館 遣 き § 6 ℃ 思 轄 黥 t ミ 犀 【 ヨ 穀 訂 跫 竜 心 導 邸 ミ 慾仁 ミ ミ 晶 9d 電 詳 ミ 、 勢 、 ミ 叱 慧 ヒ 竃 。。 り 畠 《 歳 」 M 莓 酬 唄 蒋 い、 こ 民 跫 箋 【 ミ ミ δ 凋 窺 ミ 矧 回認 ． 謡 pワ O き O 、 kq 強 ． ．， ． ，， ．§ 丶 へ 丶 ＝ 婁 ミ 日 曾 × O 三 む 訂 O ゴ ∪ O ◎ 謡 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ d ◎ ◎ 敏 O O 9 刈 b お 噸 N 9 弼 U 司 回 謡 鎖 園 副 而 剣 ． 喫 ミ 「ご リ ヘ ．⊇ 』 ∪ ．昏 ．＝ ．ロ兮 ．属

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228 Koiko SHIRoMoTo and Yasuyuki SAKtlRATANI

． 萋 斈 詈 引． ● ● ● ◎

『o − r／ 叢 L tt ● ● ◎， ，．

【 ●

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駅 肆 ゴ 蕊 、 、 il 寸 「 ． ● ● ● ● …● ● ● ●． ◎ ◎ ◎ ，．旨 ゆ ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． く 帽 燭． ． ． ． ． 貫 く ． ． 剛 ． t’ n 一 ． ．， ． 剖 一呻・可 剄． ⊥ 副 ゴ ． ． ゴ ． 引 ． 、 σ ． ● ． 引 ● ● ● ● ● ● ■ ● 甲 ・ ． ． ．− α ●．， ． ◎ ◎ ．旨 層 ． ． ◎． ◎ ◎． ◎ ． く ◎， ．「 ● ． ． ． （ ， ． ． ． ． ． 年 ． ． ． ． 凋 ： ． ． ． ． ． ． 心 旨 ． ．， ． 鳶 勘． ．，… ． 申 頑 個 ． 心 m ． Y ． ． ． ． ． 州 躯 ．「 ． 丶 篇 ， 丶 姻 賢 廻 璃 心 八 ． 凵 ．， ． 、 ， 口 駆 弓 〃 転 申． 唄 ． 鳳 ， 旧 脳 別 ．「 ら 喧 昏 75 八 臥 、 岬 ゐ ． 町 NN ト． 山 爪 駁 ト 転 日 ，． 唄 ． 州 ， 扇 ．， 〉 、 懸 殯 へ 照 敏 ふ 筆 八 ． W 醐 D 療 ． 司 黙 申 − 日 判 斜 ， 想 団 ． 臥． 省 即 駆 ヤ 副 凶 取 丶 ム 筆 ． 嗣 嬰 T 蛭 ギ 麹 “ NN く ト 振 く 申 堅 快 駁 や ． 瑚 ， 賢 属 勘． ℃ 凶 へ 頴 申 申 区 レ 固． 長 ， 輕 轌 卜 レ ぐ 無 ト ミ ミ d ロ 賢 心 鴫 募 如 M 則 N ． 印． 煽 山 、 亦 嫉 丶 叙 卜 岬 弓 季 キ ． ト 封， 葦 只 く州 q 頻 くた 心 賦 ． 長 ヤ 瞬 く ト V ， 荊 、． 姻 ． 鳳． 躯、 州 ． ． ， ． ＝ ． ． ． ． ． ， ． ． 、． ． ． 藝 、 ． ミ ． ． ．旨 ． ． ． ． 、． 黷 ． ． ．旨 ． ． ． ． 誌冒 ． ． ． 蠍 ． 、． ． 旨 ， ． ． 毳 旨 ． ． 慧 ． ． ． ． ， 旨 ， 防 ． ． ． ． ，、 ． ． 」 諭 ． ，． 道 ． ． ． ． ． ， ， ． ． 賜 ． ． ， U ． 、 ． ． ． ，． ． 坤， ．， ． ． 爵 ． ． ． ． ． 、 ． ． ． ． ． 蔵 ミ ． ． ． ぱ ． ． ． 諺 募 ． 』 ． ． ． 嚼 陣 図 ミ 敏 ． ，、 国 ． ． ． ミ 轂 ． ，』 イ ．， 姶 ． Q 亟 霞 誌 ． ， ぜ ．唱 ． 弋 惹 心 ． ， 愚 ．， 劬 ． ミ 慧 ミ ． ， 電 ミ ミ 曽 圏 馬 矧 ， § 韓 へ 彎 ．旨 錘 § ， 副 ミ 遣 鳶 渇． ． ， ミ ミ 、繕 刷 § ミ 融 ． 園 卩 慧 旨 ミ 副 盤 旨 量 岡 慧 ， ． ミ ミ 唱 鍵 ミ § ． o ー ミ 卩 ミ O O ミ 栽 ミ ． ， 悪 餌 弱 ミ 羣 ．8 蟇 § 褐 r電 想 ミ ミ 嚇 ミ 謁 ミ ． ミ ミ 遣 蕁 宅 ミ OO 、 ひ、局 § 凶 o 鼠 O 硫 ミ 蚪 奇 ミ 剛 OO 煽 、 竜 鬻 輦 9 盞 0 電 気 覧 魅 ． 螽 雲 「 剰 謂 軸 8 急 ミ・ミ・ 副 隠 斗 菴 へ § 而 愚 竃 剛 O 弼 罵 腎 ミ ． 忽 隔 竃 § 雲． 勉 ミ 慧 馬 O き ミ 辷 髭 ミ 題 8 暮 諺 OQ 隔 戴 屈 ． 勉 』 屈 隷 、 匿 ℃ 電 吋 自 ◎ ヨ 慧 邸 勉 ミ ◎ ・・ 訂 Q ミ 遷 ，Q ミ 憙 ミ 難 ； O 慈 嚏 、 黥 の 9 50 ℃ 誤 む O 髦 o o 象 織 ［ ミ 8 琶 帽 遣 、 £ ミ ミ ミ 嘲 屮、膏 、・ 丶 愚［ 黙 轄 ミ 竜 ミ ∪ 唱 丶丶 剛 く ミ 戮 つ 気 萼 q9 喃 職 調 電 o ミ 一幅 、 防 ミ 息 § 黜 ヌ OQ 是 遣 § 億 建 篝 扇 蚓 ミ k ）蓐 誠 Q ε ． 薮 劇 コ ミ 向 鴫 采 ‘ ご 鳶 慧 旨 甎 O 聖 ． 鋒 駄 、 鴨 ミ ミ 嵩 、 晉 電 、 丶 ミ ミ 幽 Q ．． ． 自 ミ コ O ド § 暑 冂 QQ ヨ 鼠 パ ． 憙 娼 劇 圏 ミ ．． ． 巴 き ．．．．， 矧 惹 竃 竃 息 厘 § 旨 栽 気 匙 駄 5 O ≡ 盟 q び 馬 丶 暗 ． ミ 叫 曙 貞 N 国 馬 へ 頑 電 領 k 《 く 靠 ＝ ｝ ．剛 ．国 ．あ ．く 矧． 『 弋 『 網 噸 剰 圃 叫 唱 § ． ． ． ． ．＜ 田 ．く ，の ．蘯 ．← ．の

一 NII-ElectronicN 工 工 Eleotronio Library Service The LepidopterologioalLepidopterological SooietySociety of Japan

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．… ． ． ．』 ， ． ． ． ． ｛ ト ． ． ， ． ． ． ， ． ． ． ． し ． 』． ，． ． ． ． 』 ， ． ． ． ． 寸 り 量 ． ． ．圏 ． ． ，． ． ， ． ° ． ． お ． ．， ． ． ． ． ． ． −層 ． ． ポ ． ． … ． 』． ． ． ． 引． ． ． （・耋 ． ． ， ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 、 ． ． ， ． ． ． ． …． ． ． ． ． bDq °、 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． −． ． ． 「． ． OO 暑 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． の ． ． ，… ． ． ． ． ． ． ． −」 ． 眉 「． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 「． 「． ． ． 巴 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 雪 」引 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ．厄 ． ． h ． ． ． D ． 、． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 三 鵞 ． ． ． ． 脚 ． ． ． 笛 ． ． ． ． 幽」 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 〇 ． ． 』． ● ． ， ． ． ． ． ． ． ． N ヨ 倒。 ． ． ． ． ， ． ．F ． ． ． ．r ． ℃ 島 ．1 』．r ．， ． ，圏 ．F ． ． ． ． 圏． ． o ． −， ． ． ， ． ． ． ． ． ．幽 ． 」 コ 婁 圏． ．− ． ． ，． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 三 o 2 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 吋 °っ 卩幽 ． ． ． ． ． 訓」 ． ． ． ． ． ” 圏 即 ． ． ． 国 ． ． ． ヨ ． 「 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 層． ． 已 卜 ． ． ． ． ，． 副・ ． ． ． 」． ． 、Q・ ． 翆 剖 マ ． ． ト， 一． ． E． ． ． ． o （ ・ ．層 ． ． ． ． ， ． ． ． ． ． ． 序 【 ．層 ． − 圏 ． 」 ． ． ． り ＝ ． ． ． ， ． ． ． ． ． 的 ζ OO 層 ◎ ● ● ． ． ， ○． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ， ． ． ． ． ． 轄 ．」 ． ． ． ， ． ． ． ． ． 』． 唄 ．1 ． ． ◎ ◎． ． ， ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 』．「 ． ． ， ． ． ． ． ．ト ． 巴 ． 』． F． ． ． ． ，． ． ． ． ． ． 名 c ぎ ． ， ． ． ． ト 1 ． ＝ ． ← ． ． − ． ． ． ． 幽． ． ．− ． ． 』 ． ． ． … ． ． ． ご o ． ． ． 卜 ． ． コ． ． ． FF ． ． 鳥 暢・ ． 「 ＆ ． ．』 ． ・ ． ． ． ． ． ．卩 ． ． 寸．、・ r． oo 昌 」 ． ． ・．罵 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 』． 1 ． ． ． ・【 ． 鯛． ． ． ． ． ． ． 吻＝ 葛 …． 箋 自 ． ． ． ． ． ，． ． ．層 ． ． 馴 ∈ o ． ． ． ． ． 』． ． ． 「． ． o 』 ． ． ． ● ● ． ●． ， ． ． −． ． ● ● ● O ， m 目 o ． ．F ． ． ． ，． ． ． ． ， の ． ，圏 ． ◎ ． ． ◎ ．圏 ◎ ． 」 ． 層， 一 ゼ ・ ． ， ． ． ． 』 ， ． 層 ． ． ， ． ． ，「 ． ． ． ． ， ． −引． ． ． ， ．9 ． ， ． ． 』． ． ，層 ． ． ． ． ， ぐ 勢 （ ． ． ， ． ，． ． ． ， ． ． ． ． … ． 創 〔 ． ， ． 幽， ． ． ， ． ． ． ． ． ゜ 。 ． ， ．「 ，． ． ． ，唱 ． ． ． ．， ． oH 紹 ． ， 「』 ， ． ． ．， ． ． 「． 』． ． o 9 ． 層， ． ， ． ． ．， ． ． ，、 ． ． 三 ）豪 ． ， ． ， ． ． ． 旨 、． ，． ． ． 目 冖 −． ，． ． ， ． ． ． ． ， ． ． O ヨ 「 ． ． ．… ，、 ． ． ． ． ， ． ． σう o 筌 8 ， ． ． ． ， ． ． ． ， ． ． 冒 −． ． ． ． ， ． ． … ． ， 「 ． − ． ． ． ， ． ．幽 ，． ． ， ． ． 当 と 自 ． ． ． ． ，− ． ． ， ． ， r ． H 8 ． ． ． ， ． E 卩 ． ． 、 邸 ． ． ，… ． ．， ． ． ， ． 、， ， ． ． ． ， ． ． ． ， ． ． ． 旨 盈 ． ． ， ． … ． ． ，層 ． ． ，卩 ． 五 嘱 ． 層． ， ． ． ． ． ， ． ． ， ． 〇 ．毒 ． ． ， ．「 層 ． ． ， ． ． ， ． 。 ． ． ， ． ． ． ． 5 〇 〔 ． ． ， ． − ． 旨 ・ ． ． ， ． ． ． 矩 n ． 一． ． ， ． ． ． ． 冖【 劃 至． ヨ， ． 寸 哥 ρ 記 ． ． ， ． ． ． ．− 引 ． ． ． 唱 ． ． ， ． ． ． ． 寸 ぴ 超 ． ． ． ． ． ． ： bQ 喉 ● ． ， ． ． ． ． O ． ● ● ◎． O ●− ． ● 61 【 ． ． ．− ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 肩 ひ ． ． ． ． 「． ． ． ． 、． ． ． ． ． ． ．− 』 ． ． ． ． ． ． 皋 ◎ 畜 § ．「 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ， ． ． o 。 ．， ． ． ． ． ． ． 「 ． ． ． ．驚 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ．、 飢 ．− ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 』． ，． の …〈 脅 ． ． 卩 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 一〇 羮 ． ． ． ． ． ． 』 ． ． ．F ． 芝 ・ ． ． 』． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 〇 ○ 昼 「 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 〇 ． 寺 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 8 玄 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ー ． ． p 噴 o ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ， ． ． バ 冨 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ．」 話 ．E ． ． ． ． ． ． ． nP … ． ．旨 O ヨ ト 圏 ． ． W ． ． F． ． ． ． ． 騒 ． 。 。 ， ． ． ． ． ，． ． ． ． ＝ 旨 三 ， ． ． 田 州 ・ ， コ ． 底 瑚 ． ． ． ． 脳 唱 ． か 肖 晒 一 ヨ 。 ， ． ． 、 … ． 一 “ 2 ） ． ， ． 岬 一 8 ゴ ． 岬 頻 貨 昏 ， 出 癌 ヤ 唾 脳 ． 紋 器 鷲 ＝ 田 層 歓． ． 無 ，． 冖． ， ． ． ． ． レ ． 〇 帽 ． h 。 ∴ 「． い 身 堀 照 口 ． W 身 丶 殖 丶 裾 ． 勾 棺， ＼ 幽 ＼ ギ 酬 ． 評 ． 駁 冠 ロ 督 口 ｝ 臼 ・c ． ． E ρ， ． ． ， ． 云 。 嘱 測 奴 敏 蜜 咽 貧 訓 ギ 堀 舶 同 転 レ 頚 わ 倒 ヤ 卜 八 ヤ d 壽骨 ． ト ． ． レ ， ． ．， ． ． ． ． ． 毎 冖 N 姻 艀 厚 ヘ 羅 ト 詔 ト 州 興 ． 印． 申 あ 州 ヘ 出 ． K 触 ギ 凶 ． ら ⊆ 着 巨 「 羽， ． ． ． ． ． 、． ． ． 粤 唱 需 ． ． … ． ． ． ． ． ． ． oo Z h ． … ． ． ． ． ． ．旨 ． ． k 三 ・ ． ， ． ． ． 』 ， ． 旨 ． ，』 ． ， ． ． ． ． ， ． ． ．− ， 〇 出 ひ ． 層 ． ． ． ， … ． ． ． ご ． ． ． −， ． ． ． ． ， ． ． ． … 匡 （（ ． ． ． ． ． ． ， ． ． ． ， Oho ． ． ． ． ， ． ， ． ． 鴇 ， … 卜 （ ． ． ． E 』． ． ， ． ． 喫 ．， ε ． ． ． ， ． ・・ 頃 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 離 ● ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． … 』 CO ． ． ． ． ． ． … ． ． 弋 ，． 2 ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． − ． ． 幽 ． ． ． … ． ． ミ 旨 日 巴 ． ． −「 ． ． ． ． ． ． 導 ． ご 創 ． ， ， ． ． ． ． ． ． 遣 ＝ ． る ⇒ 』＾・） ． ． ． ． ． ． ． ． 、 ． 二 ． ， ． ． 幽 ． ． ． ．「 ミ 噌 ． o 。 。 唱 ． ． ． ． r ． ． ． ， 旨 ε 助 F ． ． ． ，． ． ． ． 、 ． 。 ． ． ． ， ． ． ． ミ 」 ． 鵞 濤 O ． ． ． ， ． ． ミ 墅凵 邸 ， ． ． 咄 ミ ， ． ． 〔 窒 さ 団 ． 轟 ． ， ． ．「 ，… ミ 〉 ． ＝ 蓴 脚 ℃ 》 ． ．− ，圏 註 ミ ミ 劃 三 ト 冂 … 慧 ， 圃 ミ ← 団 《 叫 ． ， ミ 圄 丙 寸 慧 設 忌 ． O ミ 屍 H 蝕 ． ミ 燭 智 愚 蚓 嚢 ミ 遣 ．粤 愚 ． § 邸 嶺 三 （ 【 冫 ミ 略 さ 矧 鍼 ミ ミ 倒 2uo ． 慧 ． 凝 剰 02 O 電 ミ 弱 。。 パ ◎ 、 慧 毫 房 ． 嘱 寒 斗 鳶 肉 訓 咄 0 § ミ 邸 鶚 ¢ 舳 慧 蕊 蛸 剥 ミ 司 辷 ミ o ． 類 頃 、 笥 OQ 8 蚩 ま あ α ． O § 戴 勢 竜 噂 凝 亀− 〕 O 轂ω 熱 慧 翻 回 ミ 副 顎 空 幅 房 鬥 ・。 0 蚓 O 鳴 ミ ．O § 050U り 邸 ミ 一 邸 馬 則 § 荵 O § む O 蕁 ミ 【 唱 ． 。 ＆ ，邸 OO ・ 慧 弱 ． 建 OOOQミ ヨ 閏 §5 酎 」 慈 ） OO の も OQ ミ 儒 謂 、 』 ミ 葦 ＝ ⊇ ご § O OQ む 憇 蚓 陶 ＝ ℃ づ ○ ε ミ O 、 縄 唱 OQ 、慧 ． OO ミ 旨 』 州 蓼 O 勲 2 鱈 冂 僑 懃 q ミ ミ ミ 脂 』 謡 ℃ 鶯 蠶 扁 q 、 鷺 謂 嚀 認 鳴 勢 冒 慧 O ミ 畠 Q 麟 甑 暮 ミ 』 9 面 褂 崗 越 O 。， 日 自 』 § ＝ § 鳴 口 “ ミ ρ τ 息 冩 」 ニ 喟矧 謝 ミ 制 」 ・謹 O … ⇒ 認 」 OO 讐 O O 急 叱 桐 ミ 臨 畚禽 鰍 国 題 q 宀 ．§ 邸 9 帽 隔 急 〇 』 q 月 N 」 H ρ 一 0 U 邸 ｝ 弼 ぢ 暑 蔵 ヌ → ⇒ 馬 −O り り 笥 り 爵． ミ → q ．か 剛 O ミ 翻 9 匙 U 写 刈 ． ．旧 ． ．〔 ． ． 訓 日 ．告 ．⇔ ＜ ．国 』【 ．の ．） 「＞ の O ．脳 ◎ ← 国 ＜

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． 230 Kciko SHIRoMoTo alld Yasuyuki SAKuRArAN

40

511 3530ー PinnatecomPound leuf trce

口 Non −pinnatecompQund leaf tree 膣 一 8 島 2520一 9 篝 1 【 ． 号 。 1 ε 1510 30 31 30 ち， 。 ト 22 z 1615 齶 15 ） i ． ． 4 1 0 ． 1．口 匹 齟

も 、 講 唱 竜 防． 、 ミ り 柱 丶 竈 ミ 盤 q ミ ミ 9 ミ ミ q ミ ミ 蕚 ミ 旨 ミ ミ ミ § 莓 ミ ミ 耄 § ミ O 噂 ミ 、 し。 、 ミ ミ § ミ ミ ミ q o ミ 塗 2 o き ミ 壱 蕊 h ミ o § 、 蛍 鯉 § 螽 ミ ミ 勞 丶 蕩 ミ 撃 、 h 龕 、 リ 越 『 （ 蔑 ミ ミ § ミ ミ § 、 鳶 ミ 曙 環 畴 ． eciesofSaturnii 血 e 4D50505一

■ Evcr鉱 een tree 1 3 田 Decid 口ous tree

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231 Foodplants ef Some Saturniid Moths in Japan

This species is univoltine, and the adults emerge in early spring in Japan. While these species are polyphagous, one last instar larva was found on e. serrztta in Kyoto Prefecturc in this study.

B. Summarized list of foodplants in the literature and this study

Forty seven foodplant species of saturniid meths were fbund in this study. Five species of saturniid moth were found on e. senuta and C. tsckonoskii. These two fbodplants were utilized most frequently by Saturniidae. A. .vamamai was found on several Fagaceae plants (Tlible 1), C. tschonoskii is a new foodplant that was utjiized by five species of Saturniidae: A. S, S, R, A. artemis and A, S. and R. yamamai, jonasii,J'c4Jonica,.fitgczx, ,japonica, ,ionasii fitgcLu utilized e. philyraeoides, which was recorded as a new foodplant in this study, R, ,fugax was fbund on three new foodplant species: Salix chaenometoides, S. suofagitis and Benthamidia .floFida. S. jonasii utilized iive new foodplants: Lindera umbetgata var. mem- branacea (Lauraceae), flex ivtunda (Aquifbliaceae), Svvida macrvphylla (Cornaceae), [,>ionia ovalifblia (Ericaceae) and St.vraxjaponica (Styracaceae) (Table 2).

C. Relationship between saturniid moths and morphological properties of the foodpiants

Among species of Saturniidae, which utilize more than 20 foodplant species, about 38% of the foodplant species used by S. cynthia were trees with pinnate compound leaves, but other species of Saturniidae did not predominantly utilize this type of tree. A. yamamai did not utilize any of the trees with pinnate compound leaves used by S. c>,nthia (z2=13.50, 1 d.f., P

D. Cluster analysis of foodplttnts and similarities of Ochiai index

Phenograms constructed with the UPGMA clustering als,orithm using Euclidean distances were chosen for presentation (Fig, 5: foodplant species, Fig. 6: foodplant family). This al- gorithm shows that the Euclidean of S.joponica is remotest, and the distance of the species having narrow geographic distributions, Attacus attas, Loepa katinka and R, .ianko}vskii, are short (Fig. 5), while the analysis of foodplant families of saturniid 1arvae revealed that the distance of S, cynthia is the remotest (Fig. 6),

As shown in Table 3, the foodplant species of S. jonasii and R, .fitgax are most similar among the species of saturniid moth (ObO.524). S. cynthia showed little resemblance to other saturniid moths (OISO.242). A, .vamamai is somewhat similar to R. jugax (Ol=O,381) A, and A. jqponica (OI± O.399), The similarity of foodplant family of R, JLtgax and J'aponi.ca is highest among the species of saturniid moths (OILO.668)(Table 4).

Discussion

In the present investigation, we discovered 44 foodplant species from 19 families that are utiljzed by eight species of saturniid moth, All saturniid 1arvae feed on leaves of various broadleaf trees and the larvac are primarily oak feeders (lnoue, 1982; [Ieramoto, 1993, 1996, 1998) (Figs 2 and 4), It is reported that some polyphagous lepidopterous larvae uti-

Figs 2-4, Relationship between saturniid moths and foodplant property. The figure in the bar shows the numbcr of species. 2. Lcaf lype, 3. Evergreen tree and deciduous tree. 4. Foodplanitfamily.

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232 Keiko SmRoMo'Fo und Yasuyuki SAKuRATiiNi

Satut'niaJ'q)onica Antheraeayamamai

Saturniaionasii

Samia cynthia

Rhodiniajugax

Actiasartemis

Aglicajaponica

Actiasgnoma

Attacusatlas

Loepa kotinko Ri!ediniaJ'ankowskii

o.o1,32.53.85,O6.05

Slamia cynthia

Saturniajaponica

Sbturniajonasii

Actiasartemis

Agiica J'aponica

Rhodiniafagex

Antheraea vamamai

Attacusattas

Leepa kntinko

Actiasgnoma

Rhodiniajankowskii

6 O.O O.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 Figs S-6, Unweighted pair-group method using average (UPGMA) cluster analysis of Euclidean distances derived from the larva] foodplant in the Japanesc Saturniidae, 5. Foodp]ant species. 6. Foodp]ant family.

lizing the leaves of deciduous oak (Fagaceae) also utilize plants related to oak trees, such as C]ketpinus spp. (feramoto, 1996, 1998). It seems that Antheiuea yamamai has switched its foodplaLnts from Fagaceae to plants of other families ([Ileramoto, 2001). wr discovered the larvae A. ):amamai, Saturnia j'ona,s'ii, S. jcrponica and Rhodinia .fitgax, feeding on a new foodplant, C. tschonoskii, belonging to the family Betulaceae in the field (Table 2). Betulaceae is in the same order as Fagaceae (Tamura, 1974), The larvae of Saturniidae fed on this plant, C, tschonoskii, at most study sites. Thus C. tsc'honoskii may be widely used as a foodplant of Saturniidae throughout Japan. Many Lepidopterous insects feed on oak trees (Family of Fagaceae) (Miyata, 1983; Teramoto, 1990). The numbers of species of

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233 Foodplants of Somc Saturniid Moths in Japan

Table 3. Stmi]arities among the foodplants species of saturniid moths (Ochiai indexi OD,

=asavoo--c･dz

::Ric)"R"tr･k.-.Rt'rt .N.Lth .:staslt,t .a. ct･="tixbIs.;g"scIesp.-/es"k"cteq.:g}'5e,-stee ct.-"=.hnvD w{"uec･hv'a< t:. ct.-"=Ln-..eeq =-. hrsvcrus x0-oomm ℃ ¢ ggog be-":4' "Ncte'axH.ein =e'h rrec'ltErc ¢ ¢ oc tc Attacusatlas 5243e3135231416173

c=1O.091 Samia cynthia

c=O c=2O.075 Anthemea vamamai o Saturniajonasii c=O c'=5O.183 c=1OO.328c=10O.309c,=10O.381 o c=14O.425c=14O.524 Saturniajaponica c=1O,076 c=7O.242 RhodifriafLigax c=O c=3O.128 c=11o.3ggc=O o Rhodiniajankowskii c=e c=1O.204 c=O c=O c=1O.204c=LO.102 o o o o c=O c=O c=2O,183 c=O c=O c=Ooc=Ooc=O Actias gnoma o o o o c=5O.2. c=6O.269 c=8O.338 c=5O.261 c=2O,250c=3O,364 Aciasartemis c=O c/=2O,102 o 28 c=4O.243c=O Agticajaponica c=O c=10.050 c=9O.399 c=9O.392 c=6O.246 c=9O.455 o oc=Oo c=O c=O c=O c=O c=O c=O c=O Loqpa katinka o o o o o o o oc=Oo

c is the number of foodplant specics common to both moth species.

Table 4.Similarities among the foodplants family of saturniid moths (Ochiai index: OD. -aaag2 .N.-" R "ts.-=Dny NV{e{gett,syt:e".h"="A-v.S-h uts ¢ .-;'-ihe="'-s. .kestuv-vcrvk.ecrt .st$yt'"'tt tr.-"-.xL k.N cNkbxoauq.Ntert N:*it.k vt-=Kragtrta A v'tr ute-oonm htsv"tcschct=tsv-Hffvta g-geK. 'tst-"N-" ""-="rt ℃ -dZ Kvb." ¢ ¢ 'h ¢ ¢ 5ce "h ac

Attactts atias 41961518811873

c=2O.229 Samia cynthia

c,･=O c=3O,281c=7O,415 Antheraea vamainai o Saturniajonasii c=1 c=4O.422 o Satttrniaj'aponica c=2O,236 c=8O,433 c=4O.385 c=9O.548

c=4O.577 c=7O.639 c=70.583c=O Rhodinia,fugax c=O c=5O,406 o c=OO.229 c=O c=1 Rhodiniajankowskii c=O c=1 o o oe=1O.236 oc=1O.354O.354 c=O czO c=1O.408 c=1O.258 c=O Actias gnoma o o o c=O c=3O.243 c==3O.433 c=7O,639 c=7O.583 c=5O.625 e=O c=1O.354 Acias artemis o o c=O c;1O.378 c=4O.535c=1O.204c[:10218 Aglicaj'aponi(;a c=O c=3O.260 c=3O.463 c=6O.586 c=6O.535 c=5O.668 o 0 c=O c=O c=O c=1O.149 c=1O.136 c=]O.204 c=O c=O Loepa katinka o o o o o

c is the number of foodplant species cornmon to both moth species,

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234 Keiko SmRoMoTo and Yasuyuki SAKuRA'rANi

Lepidoptera 1arvae feeding on C, tschonoskii (16 species) and C. tctvtfloru (14 species) are smaller than those feeding on CastaHea crenata (83 species), eueJTus seriztta (151 species) and C. acvttissima (160 species) (Miyata, 1983), In the Thec]ine butterflies, food-habit is inferred to have become specialized from oak trees to othcr trees (Shir6zu, 1961; Oshima, 1981). tn similarities using the Oc'hiai index (Ol) (Natsuhara, 1998) of the foodplant species of saturniid moth, the foodplant species of S. .jonasii bears tbe most resemblance to that ofR.,fugax (OPO.S24). The foodplant species ofA, yamaniai do not bear much resem- blance to those of other specjes of Saturniidae (OISO.399), Saturniid moths may avoid the over]ap of foodplant wjth each other ([[hble 3-4). Therefbre, we suggest that the new food- "vacant plant, C. tschonoskii, discovered in this study represents a guild" for food (Miyashita and Noda, 2003).

In Amami Island, Nara Pref. and Kyoto Pref,, we obseryed A. )'amamai populations (fuII grown Iarvae) feeding on Castanopsis siehotdii, This plant is not suitable fbr A, yamcunai in feeding tests, and most larvae did not grow to the last-ingtar ([[bramoto, 2001). In A. ya- mamai, itis known that the species of foodplant vary between population or genealogies (TIbramoto, 200I). Thus, we suggest that the A. .vamamai populations feeding on C sieboldii differ from those feeding on other plants, Both Actias artemis and A, gnoma belong to the same genus. A. artemis is polyphagous, feeding on tree leaves of the families Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Aceraceae and Ericaceae, while A. gnoma feeds only on genus Alunus trees of the family Betulaceae (Miyata, 1987). A. selena distributed over [raiwan is extremely polyphagous (Wang, 1994), and we found A, gnoma feeding on A. y'aponic'a and A, .17rma trees in our observations, We were unable to find A, gnoma on A, siebotdiana trees, though they are relatively close to A. japonica trees. Therefore, A. gnoma may utilize a few species of the Alttnus genus, In the Izu Islands, densely growing A. siebotdiana trees are utilized by A. gnoma (Miyata, 1987). Therefore, we need to reconfirm whether A, gnoma feed on A. sieboldiana trees on the mainland of Honshu in the field.

The Gymnosperm tree reported as a foodplant of S. japonica is Ginkgo biloba, family Ginkgoaceae, and one of the foodplants of S. cynthia is the 7>uch>'caipusfortunei tree, fam- il}rPalmae (Miyata, 1983). In North America, a saturniid moth of the genus H>)atophra feeds on conifers, such as the 1arch tree, Larix taricina (Tuskes et al., 1996). rn the Oriental Region, some specjes ofActias feed on conifer leaves (Robinson et at,, 2001). The food- plant species of satumiid moths and the preference of fbodplants may be related to the veg- etation in each region. We did not find any saturniid larvae that feed on gymnogperm trees in this study ([Ihble 1), so we conlude that the satumiid moths may be well adapted to vege- tation in Japanese coppices with trees of Betulaccae and Fagaceae. A Euclidean distance analysis showed that S. japonica is remotest, and the distances of the species having a nar- row geographic distrjbution (Attactts atlas, Loepa katinka and R. jankowskii) are short (Fig. 5). The geographic distribution of S. japonica is wide, so we suggest that S. .iaponica has 'fainily changed its fbodplants, adjusting to various vegetations, The Euclidean of foodplant in S. c);nthia showing wide geographic distribution is remotest (Fig, 6). The number of foodplant families is greategt (19 families) in S. cl}'nthia, followed by 17 families in S, japonica and 15 families in S. J'onasii. Gregarious larvae such as the butterfly, IVt>pmphalis xanthomelas, which lay an egg mass, may encounter fbod shortages (Fukuda et al,, 1983), Many species of moth, such as Lo)mantria disnar and Eumeta y'aponica, which ]ay an egg mass, are polyphagous (Hattori, 1965, 1969). It seems these 1aryae encottnter food short- ages and shjft to other sun'ounding plant species (Fukuda et al,, 1983; Fukuda and [fakahashi, 1988). As a result, the larvae may be able to feed on new fbodplant species,

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235 Foedplants ef Some Saturniid Moths in Japan

At the Nara Campus of Kinki University, halfway up the coppiced Yata Hills (Nara Pref.), we found that females ofR.,fiigax andA, artemis deposited their eggs on the walls of school buildings, because they were attracted to the outdoor light (Shiromoto and Sakuratani, 2004). In Yase (Kyoto Pref.), we caught females ofA. yamamai that had 1aid thcir eggs on tree where the cherry tree, Prttnus × yedoensis. Moreover, there are lights near the cherry the eggs were observed in this record, so these females might be attracted to the light and lay their eggs there. Sorne illustrated books of moths describe the cherry tree, P. yedoensis ofRosaceae as a fbodplant, but we did not find A, ):amamai feeding on P. );edoensis. P. ye- doensis might not be utilized by A, yamamai. in the field. We found eggs and cocoon of R. We did not jug[xx on garden plants such as dogwood, Benthamidiaflorida, in winter 2004. in find R. jugax laying eggs on B, fiorida after 2004. Some extra-foodplant oyipositions many species of butterfly have been reported (Usui, 1963; Nagaoka, 1974; Inaizumi, 1979; Aoki, 1989). The female of R. jugax may have mistakenly laid eggs on B. jZorida planted adj acent to which is by R..fkgax, P..vedoensis, preferred

With regard to fbodplant babits, it appears that the foodplant preference of saturniid moths has become diversified according to the various types of vegetation that occur in their distri- bution area, and the foodplant resources for which they are competing with other lepi- dopteran larvae. The foodplant preference of S. ,iaponica, which lays an egg mass, may It shift ro other surrounding piant spccies in the case of fbod shortages from overcrowding, is suggested that the number of fbodp]ant species increases by oviposition on extra-food- by saturniid plant species, and expands to other plant species that are not typically utilized moths (Fukuda and Takabashi, 1988:. Osaki and Sato, l993).

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our cordial thanks to Dr N. Teramoto, Shiga, Mr H. Ybshimoto, Tbkyo, Mr F. Ito, Nara, Ms H Yamamoto, Osaka, Mr M. Sakuratani, Miyagi and Mr. S. Sakuratani, Miyagi. Our thanks are also due to Dr T. Sugimoto, Dr E. Yano and Dr 1, Kandori and other members of our laboratory fbr their kind advice and assistance.

References

Aoki, S., 1989. Anrigius attili.a oviposiL on cherry tree & beech tree [unusual oviposition]. Ntiture lnsects 24 (11): 32 Cin Japanese). Azuma, S., 1996. Field Guide-Book to the lnsects (lf Okinawa 5: L59-167. 0kinawa Shuppan, Urazoc. (In Japanese). Ezaki, T., 1958. Satuniiidae. Moths ofJapan in Cotor2: 223-229, pls 124-129. Hoikusha, Osaka. (In Japanese), Fukuda, H., Haina, E., Kuzuya, T,, Takahashi, A,, Takahashi, M., Tanaka, B., Tanaka, H., Wakabayashi, M. and Y. WaLanabe, 1983. 77ie Lij? Histories qfBtttteE17ies in Japan 2: 195-199, pl, 37, Hoikusha, Osaka. (In Japanese). Tokyo. Fukuda, H. and M. Takahashi, 1988. Biotogy･ and Observation of Buttediy: 82-98, Tsukiji Shokan. (In Japanese). Hattori, I., 1965, Saturiniidae. Eart.v･ Stages qf Japanese Moths in Cotor 1: 32-38, pls 1]-13. Hoikusha, Osaka. (InJapanese). Moths in Color2: 63-64, 31. Hoikusha, Osaka. (In , 1969. Psychiduc. Early StagesofJcrpanese p]. Japunese). Hirashima, Y,, 1989. A Check List qfJapanese Insects, Fac, Agr. Kyusyu Univ. & Ctr. For the Study of Jpn Fld Life Vol, II. 1024-1025. Inaizumi, M., 1979, Extra-food-plant oviposition in Papilio protenor demetritis and fate of hatching larvae. Konlvt2 47: 412-415, Inoue, H., 1982. Saturniidae. Molizs qfJcrpan 1: 587-590,2: pls 118-[26. Kodansha, Tokyo. (In Japanese). Ishii, M., Ueda, K. & T. Shigematsu, 1993. 1:he Nature of the Sato.vama is pretected. 171 pp. Tsukiji

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236 Keiko SHiRoMo'ro and Yasuyuki SAKuRATANi

Shokan, Tokyo, (In Japanese). JapaneseHighway Landscape Assoeiation. I984. Studies on the influence ofbisect in P'orest t/po}z the road- side Crrrps, 220 pp. Japanese Highway Landscape Association, Tokyo. Kanai,N. 2002, Larvae of Actias artemis (Brener & they) (Saturniidae) oii walnut, Juglans regia. JLu)an Heterocerists' J, (217): 332-333. Kiuchi,M,, 1997. (K. Umeya eds.) Entomological Industry. 165-]82. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisherjes Technical Information Society, Tokyo. Kogi, H., 2005. Moths feeding on euercus dentata as larvae in Hoklgaido 10. Jtu]an Heterocerists' J. (233): 149-151, Kuribayashi, S,, 1990. (Akai, H. and S. Kuribayashi (Eds)). Jt{pan.ese Oak Sitkivorm. 8-l7. Science House, Tokyo. I998, lndustr.vin Asia: , Utilization qf Resotirces and Prodttcts (JIRCAS International Agriculture Series No.5). 1-59. Association ofAgriculture & Forestry Statistics, Tokyo. Makino, l989. Revised Edition T., Makino's new iltetfftrated Flora ofJapan. 1453 pp. Hekuryukan, Tokyo. CInJapanese). Matsuka, M. and K, Umeya, 1998. Iitsect industry in Asia: Utilization ofResources and Pi'od"cts (JIRCAS InternationalAgricultureSeriesNo.S).145-165. Association of Agriculture & Forestry Statisti¢ s, Tokyo. Miyashita, T. andT. Noda, 2003, Community Ecological. 3S-72. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo. Miyata, A., 1983, Handhook of the Mbth Ecotogy-Moths as an J,idicator of the Environment-, 145. 1 pp.. 48 pls. Showado,Nagasaki, (InJapanese). Miyata, T., t987. Geographical variation and intcr-subspecific crossing in Actias moths of Japan (Lepidoptera, Saturnlidae). T}･6 Ga 38: 73-85. Moriyarna, H., 1997. T7ie Ndture qf'the ViUage is utitized. 128 pp. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo. Nagaolca,H., 1974. Example ofunusual oviposition by Chi)]sogephyrttb' smaragdirtus, Nbt"re Insects 9 (5): 8 (in Japanese), Nakajima, H., 1987. Saturniidae. Lan,ae qf'laiger Moths in Jcrpan.: 122-125, p]s 52-S3. Kodansha, Tokyo. (InJapanese). NakatomL K., 1993. Ecology ofnotodonitid Moth: 34-45, Seibundou Shinkoshu, Tokyo. (In Japanese). Natsultara, Y., 1998. Butterfiies. Hdndbeok qt'&pecies ofButteijiies: 69-91. Bunkyou Shuppan Co., Ltd, Osaka. (InJapanese). Ohno, M., 2002. Bibliographical monograph of the selected important occurring in Japan (57) Agii.a ta"japonica Leech, 1888 andA. tau microtatt Inoue, 1958 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) (1). J, 7k)},o Uhiv, (nat Sci.) 46: 143-203, Osaki, N. and Y. Sato, 1993. Symbiosis with the Global Ecesystem Series 5: The Relationship Between and Plant to Utiti.7.e: 68-84. Heibonsha, Tokye. Oshima, Y., 1981. 0n the ovipositional habits and selecting of host plants in Japanesc Thecline butterfiies. Mture insects 16 (4): 25-28. Robinson G. S., Ackery, P. R., Kitchlng, I. J., Beccaloni, G. W. and L. M, Hernandez, 2001. Hosiplants qf the Moth and B"tteth, CZiterpillars ofthe OrientalRegion. 744 pp. Malaysia. Sakuratani, Y,, 2001. Food habit of wild birds in the Nara Campus of Kinki Universjty. Mem, Fac. Agric. Kinki Uhiv. 34: 151-164. Sakurutani, Y, and Y. Natsuhara, 1994. Statistics ofBioresource/ 143-L50. Bunkyou Shuppan Co., Ltd, Osaka, Sekiguchi, K., 2003, K, Umeya, T. Okada. Agriculturat frtsect PeEts in Japan. 526-527. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai Co., Ltd., Tokyo. Shiromoto, K. and Y. Sakuratani, 2004. Moais of Saturniidae in the Nara Campus of Kinki University. Mem. fttc. Agric. Kinki L'nii,. 37: 9-16. Shir6zu, T., 1961. Evolution of the food-habits of lan,ae of the Thecline butterflieg. 7),6 Ga 12: 144-162. Tamura, M,, 1974. Phylogeny aiid c]assitlcution of the angiogperrns. Evotutionarl}' Biology in Plants 1: 295 pp, Sanshodo, Tokyo, Terainoto,N., 1990. Lepidopterousinsect pest fauna of decidueus ottk, euercus spp. (Fagaceae), food plant of the ]arva of]apanese wild silk moth, Antheraea .vamarnai (I). 71v.,o' Ga 41: 79-96. 1993, , Catalogue of host plants of Lepidopterous iiisect in Japan CFagaceae). Buti, Shiga Pref agric. exp.Stn CExt. issue) 1. ]85 pp. I996, Studies , on Lepidopterous insect fauna on Fagaceous plants, as the food plants of the wild silk moth, Anthraea yamatnai. spec', B"ll. Shiga Pref agric. enyJ. Stn 19: ]-216. 1998. Plants , of Fagaceae and Microlepidoptera. In Yasuda, T,, Hirowatari, T. and M. Ishii

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・ 237 Foodplan ts of Some Satu］niid Moths in Japan

・ and food of wild silk moth ，200L Comprehensive revicws of lar丶 al fccding habits plants ， ． ．」 Pref．agri （r．exp ，∫醜 41： 32−52． Antheraea ．yamamai （Lepidoptera： Satumiidae） Bull Shiga ’ The Japanese Society Qf Applied EIltomology and Zoology ，2006．吻 o 〃 nsect and other Pests ofeconomic Plants in／4ρ‘ln Revised Edition．379 pp． Japan Plant ProIecdon Association． TokyQ、 Tuskes P， M ． Tuttle J． P．AI M ． M ， Collins，1996． Tiie witd Si’k Moths of North America ： a natural Histo’ッ ， ， ， ’ ．250 ．30 ・C ・ ・nel1 UniversityNew Y 。rk ・ ・fth・ Saturniidae qf the United States and Canada PP ， pls ・ ・ Usui，T ．，1968． Unusuai oviposition by E ”），nnis montanus ．1＞磁 ｛re lnsects［ （6）129 ． ， ］ts in Wang ， H ．Y ，，1994． Illustrations of giant silkmQths ＆ carpenter moths in Taiwan ． Guide Book tc 1nse（ 一 − Tai｝v ‘毋 6 ：工 102． Shu Hsing pubL ， Taipei，（ln Chin じse ）．

摘 要

・ 凵本 産 ヤ マ マ ユ ガ 科数種 の 餌 植物 （城本啓子 櫻谷 保之 ）

マ マ ユ ガ 1990年か ら2006年 ま で 各地 で 野 外調 査 を行 っ た 結 果 ，19 科 44 種 の 植物が 8 種 の ヤ ガ 科 類 ズ ズ ．エ ゾ ヨ （シ ン ジ ュ サ ン 、ヤ マ マ ユ ，ヒ メ ヤ マ マ ユ ，ク ス サ ン ，ウ ス タ ビ ガ ，オ ナ ガ ミ ア オ ，オ オ ミ ア オ ッ メ ）の 餌 植 物 と して 確認 さ れ た ．新 たな餌植 物 と して ，カバ ノ キ科 の イ ヌ シ デ で ヤ マ マ ユ ，ヒ メ ヤ マ マ ユ ，ク ス サ ン ，ウ ス タ ビ ガ ，エ ゾ ヨ ツ メ の 幼 虫 が 各地 で 確認 さ れ，ウ バ メ ガ シ で はウ ス タ ビ ガ と ヒ メ ヤ マ マ ユ の 幼 虫 が確認 さ れ た ．また，ウ ス タ ビ ガ で は ヤナ ギ科 2 種 と 植栽種 で あ る ハ ナ ミ ズ キ ，ヒ メ ヤ マ マ ユ で は ネ ジ キ と オ オ バ ク ロ モ ジ ，ク ロ ガ ネ モ チ ，ク マ ノ ミ ズ キ も餌植物 と し て 確認 され た，最 も多 く の ヤ マ マ ユ ガ 科 ガ 類 が 利 用 し て い た 餌植物 は イ ヌ シ デ と コ ナ ラ で 5 種 （ヤ マ マ ユ ，ヒ メ ヤ マ マ ユ ，ク ス エ ヨ メ い で マ マ ユ ヒ マ マ ユ ス ン ウ ス タ ビ ガ の サ ン ，ウ ．ス タ ビ 賦 ゾ ッ ），続 て ク リ 4 種 （ヤ ， メ ヤ ， ク サ ， ） ・ マ マ ユ ガ ガ の 利用 があ っ た ．ま た ，日本 に お け る ヤ マ マ ユ ガ 科 ガ 類 の 今 回 お よ び 既 知 食樹記 録 とヤ 科 類 ー い マ マ ユ 系統 の 関係 に つ い て も考察 を 行 っ た ，餌植 物種 に よ る ク ラ ス タ 解析 で は ，地 理 的分布 の 狭 ヤ ガ 科 ガ 類 3 種 （ヨ ナ グ ニ サ ン ．バ グ ル マ ヤ マ マ ユ 、ク ロ ウ ス タ ビ ガ ）の 距 離 は 短 くな っ た 、す な わ ち分 ー い ン ュ ン の に よ る ク ラ ス タ 布 の 狭 い 種 は 餌植種 が 少 な くな っ て お り，分布 の 広 シ ジ サ は 餌植物 科 解 一一 o ’ は じ で 析 で は距 離 が 番長 くな っ た ．ヤ マ マ ユ ガ 科 ガ 類 間 の 餌植 物 種 の 類 似 度 （Ochiai指数 ） ，1司 属 ＝ あ る ヒ メ ヤ マ マ ユ と ク ス サ ン の 間 で は や や 高 か っ た が （Ol 0．425 ），他 の 種 と の 類似度は あ ま り高 くな い い こ とが示 された．また，シ ン ジ ュ サ ン の 餌植物種 （24種）の 約 38％ 〔9 種〉が 羽状 複 葉 を利 用 し て る な マ マ ユ ガ の は 生 ど 、植 物 の 葉 の 形態 に よ っ て 選択 し て い る 種 もあ る と考 え られ た ．ヤ ガ 科 類 餌植物 種 息 環境 の 植生 や ，ク ス サ ン の よ う な 集団発 生 す る 種 に お い て は餌 植物 の 枯渇 に よ り周囲 の 植物 へ の 移 動 な ど に よ り多様化 し て い っ た と 考 えら れ る ．ウ ス タ ビ ガ や オオ ミ ズ ア オ の 雌 成 虫 が ラ イ トに誘引 さ れ た 際 に ，建物 の 壁 な どへ の 産卵す る 現象が 見 られ た ．こ の よ うな誤 産卵 や イ ヌ シ デ の よ うな他 の 鱗翅 ” 目幼虫が あ ま り利 用 して い な い 啌 きギ ル ド を利用す る こ と な ど に よ り，ヤ マ マ ユ ガ 科 ガ 類 の 餌 植物 種 数 は ヤ マ マ ユ ガ 科種問同士 の 重複 を あ る 程 度 避 け な が ら 広 が っ て い っ た と 考 え ら れ る ．

（Accepted August t8，2006）

Published by the Lepidopterological Society of Japan， − − 5 20， Motoyokoyama 2， Hachi〔’ji， Tokyo，192 0063 Japan

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