Journal of Civil Engineering Inter Disciplinaries Volume 2 | Issue 2

Research Article Open Access Planning and Mapping of a Multi Modal Integrated Transportation System for Metro Station at Dadar, Mumbai India by Using Open-Source GIS S Bala Subramaniyam*, Reshma Raskar-Phule

Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavans, Andheri west, Mumbai, India,

*Corresponding author: S Bala Subramaniyam, Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavans, Andheri west, Mumbai, India, Email:

Citation: Bala Subramaniyam S, Reshma R (2021) Planning and Mapping of a Multi Modal Integrated Transportation System for Metro

Station at Dadar, Mumbai India by Using Open-Source GIS. J Civil Engg ID 2(2):7-17. Received Date: February 14, 2020; Accepted Date: February 24, 2020; Published Date: April 08, 2021

Abstract GIS can be widely used in transportation policy and planning agencies, especially among urban transportation organizations. GIS offer transportation planners/decision makers a medium for storing, displaying, analysing, modelling, and simulating various spatial/

effectively, and economically than existing methods. attribute data on population, land uses, and travel behaviour. In fact, GIS address potential transportation issues more efficiently, The present research seeks to investigate spatial accessibility of a multimodal transport system in an urbanised area with respect to the proposed or planned metro railway project in the city of Mumbai, India. From literature and current practices various factors

transport system, private transport systems, pedestrian walking and more. The research aims to identify key factors in these available influencing multimodality in transport are interpreted such as bus rapid transport system, mass transit system, integrated public

transport systems which may affect the efficiency or effective use of the proposed metro project such as population, location, trend disasters like terrorist attacks. and pattern of use, and importantly effectiveness for managing spatial natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods and man-made Considering the above factors, a multimodal transport network system is developed and proposed for a metro station like Dadar

is carried out in open source geographic information system (GIS) software, Quantum GIS (QGIS). The developed map proposes and located in Mumbai, India that is subjected to high density and variety of traffic population. The spatial analysis, planning and mapping shows shortest accessible routes, subways, pedestrian walkways, basement public parking lots, station integration and management for a forecasted population.

1. Introduction

The advancement of cities is uncontrollable not spontaneous environment. Due to increased mobility of people, goods and but are guided by human interaction and physical infrastructure. increasing number of automobiles, lack of good transportation services urban areas are facing issues like traffic congestion, to carry the goods and for services. system and lack of integration between different transportation For cities and towns to function efficiently, accessibility is essential system. An urban area is a web of various activities and people, where the transport system connects the two. Population explosion, There is a shift from conventional transportation practice to industrial growth and employment opportunities have resulted Modern transportation planning practices which are based upon into unplanned urban sprawl, which has degraded the urban the accessibility concept. It not only helps to improve transport https://journalofcivilengg.com 7 Helics Group Journal of Civil Engineering Inter Disciplinaries infrastructure but also improves the travel behaviour and accessibility to various land uses.

1.1 Study area railway and bus service hub with local and national connectivity. Dadar is a prominent railway terminus on both central and western lines Dadar is the first planned area of Mumbai. It is a densely populated residential and shopping neighbourhood. It is also a prominent of Mumbai railway network. It is the only common railway station for both central and western lines making it a transit point for many passengers. Currently Metro 3 project is under construction which is completely underground metro rail project in Mumbai.

Figure 1: Map showing study area

2. Methodology A modal survey as carried out for which Questionnaire was prepared (refer annexure) and survey was carried out at Andheri . Site metro station and at Dadar station during the peak hours. The main

The work flow for the present study is shown in Figure2 trips of work. visits were carried out frequently during the work to find out aim of the survey was to find main mode of transport used during Integrated Public Transports (IPT), to check ease of access to traffic congestions, bus-routes, pedestrian walkways, Modal share, proposed metro station. 2.1 Data collection

The data collection was done using origin and destination survey. The existing land use pattern with the existing transportation metro station through different means and methods such as physical Spatial and Non-spatial data was collected for the proposed facilities was studied. The spatial data involves geospatial data sources as described here. or on-site survey and through various online and government numbers characters and logic types. like location size and shape whereas the non-spatial data are the https://journalofcivilengg.com 8 Helics Group Journal of Civil Engineering Inter Disciplinaries

Figure 2:

Flow chart showing flow of work carried out 2.1.1 Non-Spatial or Physical Data Collection 767 buses pass daily on various routes from the proposed metro station. Figure 4 shows a sample route study of bus Route for Bus A detailed physical survey for 3 hours has been carried out for collection of location, frequency of use, and existing condition of the transportation routes in the surrounding areas of the proposed no.86Table -Bandar 1 depicts bus station the busto Back stops, Bay thedepot. origin and destination, frequency and journey time. In addition to this, it is observed that out for the study of existing pattern of vehicular movement through MCGM has permitted street parking at various locations. According underground Dadar metro station. A real-time study was carried physical survey and google maps at the surrounding areas. It is seen from Figure 3; the Google map shows that the area is subjected to found: in front of Shivasena Bhawan, Kabutar Khana, Patkar Guruji to the on-site surveys carried out, following congestion points were area on the same routes during a peak hour gave an approximate medium to heavy traffic during peak hours. The traffic survey of that Chowk, Kavi Keshavsut flyover. frequency to the vehicular movement, say red colour indicates 200 at the ends of Dadar Metro Station on the Gokhale Road and the vehicles per hour and orange colour indicates 100 vehicles per Pedestrian traffic is also observed, especially during peak hours, footpaths were occupied by street vendors. The network of roads and footpaths is almost properly planned and are in good condition. hourNext, forming the number traffic congestion. of stops, their location and the frequency of the The study of existing street furniture, public facilities, and street lighting shows that not enough street furniture like street lights, mobile application. The study shows that there are total 16 bus bollards, recycle and litter bins, seating, drinking water facility, routes is studied with the help of physical survey and M-indicator stops in the surroundings of the proposed metro station and a total washrooms, planters, etc are available whereas the area provides https://journalofcivilengg.com 9 Helics Group Journal of Civil Engineering Inter Disciplinaries good amount of existing green landscape with available parks and gardens such as Shivaji park, Kotwal gardens and Matoshri Rama bai Thakare Udyan.

Considering the safety and security facilities with respect to the proposed metro station, it is noted that Dadar Fire Station is located at a distance of 2.2 km from the Dadar metro station, Dadar police station is at a distance of 1.6 km from the metro station, security cameras are available at various spots such as Dadar railway station, Tilak bridge, Plaza cinema, Suvidha mall near Dadar Station, Kabutarkhana, Shivsenabhavan, and Shivaji Natya Mandir.

Figure 3: Google map of the proposed area showing vehicular movement pattern

Figure 4: Route map of bus route passing through proposed area https://journalofcivilengg.com 10 Helics Group Journal of Civil Engineering Inter Disciplinaries

2.1.2 Spatial or Attribute Data Collection

The comprehensive mobility plan of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) was studied thoroughly. It is observed that pedestrian mode of transport is highly adopted as compared to public transport and integrated public transport. Private transportation mode is least used.

The difference in the number of public and private vehicles using the proposed area over approximately 10 years (2005 and 2014), as shown in Table 1, clearly indicates that there is 12 % increase in public transport, while above 100% increase in private transport.

Therefore, there is a need of diverting the human traffic to public transport. Table 1: BEST bus route survey

Bus No. Source Destination Frequency Journeytime (min)

4 Hutatama Chowk Oshiwara depot 45 21 40 P. ThakreUdyan Borivali station E 43 20 440 Wadala Depot Borivali station E 56 12 92 Anushakti Nagar World trade centre 27 31 521 Bandra RECL R C church 42 12 35 Marolmaroshi bus station Com P K Kurnechowk 29 18 39 Com P K KurneChowk Seepz bus station 29 29 51 SantaCruz depot Colaba Bus station 45 23 62 Central depot R/P Vidyavihar B. Station 22 32 200 Yari Rd Versova Shravan Y Rd 38 17 201 GoregoanB.station P.ThakreUdyan 51 14 241 Malvani depot Wadala depot 55 15 2 Colaba depot Agarkarchowk 42 14 33 PT. PlauskarChowk Goregoan bus station 41 15 37 J Mehta Marg Kurla station 75 10 86 Bandra depot Backbay depot 32 21

2.2 Analysis 2.3 Preparation of Maps

The existing distribution of the commuting population with respect to mode of transportation shows that there is more load on platform and free application. It is faster than most of the software. The maps were prepared using QGIS. As it is open-source cross It uses less time for processing because of the intern structure. The Keeping this factor in mind, the proposed modal share, as shown in the pedestrian traffic (71%) as compared to public transport (16%). Fig. 6, has been worked out wherein more weight age is given to the study area was opened in Open-street map as shown in Figure 7(a). use of public transport (39%).This way the commuting time will extracting data from OSM database as shown in Figure 7(b). The existing attributes and land-use pattern were plotted by generating good revenue. be reduced and public transport will be efficiently used thereby After running all the queries search and plotting features on

Dadar western railway station is at 800m from the proposed metro and plotted missing features manually as shown in Figure 7©. The Analysis of this collected data has been done using pie-chart. map. A tour to the study area was done again to find missing features station thereby depicting the importance of the line connectivity, prepared map was taken to print composer and additional detailing metro (proposed) to railway (existing), and the inter modal as shown in Figure 7(d) was done. integration of the proposed metro station with buses, IPT and private pickups, and also the pedestrian traffic. https://journalofcivilengg.com 11 Helics Group Journal of Civil Engineering Inter Disciplinaries

Figure 5:

Map showing land-use pattern

Table 2: Table showing variation in Modal share

Figure 6: Pie chart showing existing Modal Share

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Figure 7(a): Screenshot of QGIS showing study area Figure 7(b): Screenshot of queries searched to plot the map

Figure 7(c): Screenshot of study area map after plotting buildings

Figure 7(d): Map taken to print composer after

plotting Land-use data Figure 7(e): Final map showing existing land use pattern https://journalofcivilengg.com 13 Helics Group Journal of Civil Engineering Inter Disciplinaries

3. Results

The proposed Dadar metro station is an underground station located in a high development density zone. The existing land use pattern with the existing transportation facilities such as railways and road routes schools, hospitals, etc. Dadar western railway station is at 800m from the proposed metro station thereby depicting the importance of the line connectivity, metro (proposed) to railway (existing), and the

interThe modal existing integration distribution of the of proposed the commuting metro station population with buses,with respect IPT and to private mode ofpickups, transportation and also asthe shown pedestrian in Fig.6 traffic. shows that there is as shown in Fig. 08 has been worked out wherein more weight age is given to the use of public transport (39%). This way the commuting more load is on the pedestrian traffic (71%) as compared to public transport (16%). Keeping this factor in mind, the proposed modal share time will be reduced and public transport will be efficiently used thereby generating good revenue.

Figure 8: Pie chart showing proposed Modal Share

Figure 9: Proposed Concept plan

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Subway

been proposed as shown in the proposed plan, Fig.09, which will To minimize the traffic on the N C Kelkar road a Subway has connect Dadar western railway station to Dadar Metro Station and extended to the proposed basement parking lot planned below Shivaji Park. The subway will be 800 m in length, 6 m wide including pregnant women, physically challenged. The proposed Subway will 1 m horizontal escalator for the benefit of the senior citizens, branch into 9 entry/exit points (e). As shown in Sheet 2 (proposed plan), ‘e1’ is the proposed entrance of basement parking, ‘e2’ is provided near Shivaji Park for basement parking, ‘e3’ opening is at Dr. Madhukar Raut Marg, ‘e4’ is at Dada sahib Rege Marg, ‘e5’ opening is near BS1, ‘e6’ is at Ram Maruti Marg, ‘e7’ is near IPT1, ‘e8’is near BS2, ‘e9’is near Plaza Cinema, and ‘e10’ is near BS3. Figure 9(b): Basement Parking

Bus Stop

For the convenience of the people, Bus stops ‘BS1’ and BS2’ have been proposed near Dadar Metro Station on N C Kelkar Road (BS1) and on Ranade Road (BS4) as shown in the Figure 9(c). As

per our findings based on origin and destination survey, these stops walking time, Bus Stop ‘BS2’ is proposed. There is an existing bus have maximum routes. In order to minimise the traffic and reduce stop ‘BS3’. Bus bays have been proposed at nearby existing bus stops and proposed bus stops in order to avoid blocking of roads.

Figure 9(a): Subway connecting Dadar railway station and metro station

Basement Parking

Next, for the parking facilities, the basement parking for a capacity of 200 vehicles (two way stack) in an area of 4000 sq.m, i.e. Figure 9(c): Bus stops and IPTs 80m x 50m, approximately is proposed below existing Shivaji park area as shown in Fig.9(b), The design of the proposed parking area IPTs existing street parking, as per the National Building Code (NBC). is based on the on-site vehicle parking count during peak hours, The entrance ramp of the basement parking is proposed at ‘e1’ on congestion. Hence, authorised IPT parking stands have been Keluskar road and the exit at Shivaji Park Road No. 1 as shown in Due to the existing IPT parking there is increase in traffic proposed, as shown in Sheet 2. ‘IPT1’ is on N C Kelkar Road, ‘IPT2’ is on extended Gokhale Road, and ‘IPT3’ is on Ranade Road. the Metro Station as shown in the Sheet 2. Fig.9 (b). Two-wheeler parking has been proposed on adjacent to https://journalofcivilengg.com 15 Helics Group Journal of Civil Engineering Inter Disciplinaries

Bins provision of underground subway connecting the proposed metro station to Dadar western railway station, entry/exit to maximum In order to minimize littering, waste receptacles are provided at number of existing streets, bus stops, IPTs, and the proposed an interval of 20 m in the Subway as well as on the streets, making it highly visible. They are also provided near all bus stops, IPT stands, existing narrow footpaths. The other idea of providing huge basement parking which would avoid pedestrian traffic on the proposed basement parking and in the station box area. Drinking basement automated parking system below the existing Shivaji water facility is provided along with wash rooms at all Bus stops, park area will provide systematic control of the vehicles especially IPT stands, Basement parking and Station box area as shown in Sheet 2. the metro station, reducing on road or street parking, ease in during peak hours, ease in the traffic movement from and toward Street Furniture vehicular traffic diversions, and finally less air pollution. Various street furniture has been proposed to create the setting 5. Conclusion for resting, sitting and eating, and social encounters with others. From the present study and the proposed work, it can be Seating facilities, such as benches, are proposed at every 50m to concluded that for a developing densely populated and crowded 60m, on heavy pedestrian use like retail shopping corridors, transit area like Dadar, the proposed concept plan for the proposed Dadar stops, plazas in order to integrate within the spaces where people underground metro station would provide a good solution to the wait, meet, or socialize along with the needs of the disabled and present transportation problems in this area and would provide senior citizens. To help people balance on steps and platforms a good line connectivity of the proposed metro station with the railings are provided along the edges of the station and staircases. existing modes of transportation with less disturbance to the For the physically challenged kerb ramps are proposed. For visually signals are to proposed to guide them without any trouble. Braille existing spatial pattern and traffic pattern. impaired people tactile paving, raised table-top crossings, auditory script also proposed in lifts, ticket counters, vending machines, References

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