The Artios Home Companion Series Unit 6: Louis XIV of France

Teacher Overview

When King Louis XIV died in 1715 at the age of seventy-seven, the glory of France and her “Grand Monarch” had departed. Louis XIV continues to be known for his extravagance and as the leader of the golden age of France.

Reading and Assignments In this unit, students will:  Complete one lesson in which they will learn about the reign of Louis XIV, journaling and answering discussion questions as they read.  Define vocabulary words. Painting from 1667  Read the following essays: depicting Louis XIV as a ▪ “Deep Desires that Transcend Time” by Alyssa patron of the Fine Arts. Ensminger; Winning Essay for Literary Analysis, Beulah Davis Key People Outstanding Freshman Writer Award http://www.roanestate.edu/owl/Deep.html Louis XIII ▪ “The Practices of Dr. Rank” by Denise Coday Louis XIV http://www.roanestate.edu/owl/DollHouse.html  Watch a video on using MLA format. Jean-Baptiste http://www.roanestate.edu/owl/MLA_WCited.html Colbert  Complete Grammar Review Exercises on units 1-5. Eugene of  Visit www.ArtiosHCS.com for additional resources.

Vocabulary Lesson 1: infirm

Leading Ideas History is HIS Story. God’s story of love, mercy, and redemption through Christ. He made known to us the mystery of his will according to his good pleasure, which he purposed in Christ, to be put into effect when the times reach their fulfillment—to bring unity to all things in heaven and on earth under Christ. — Ephesians 1:9-10

God’s providential hand governs and times all events and provides for his Creation according to His plan and purposes. The God who made the world and everything in it is the Lord of heaven and earth and does not live in temples built by human hands. And he is not served by human hands, as if he

Early Modern: Middle School Unit 6: Louis XIV of France - Page 1 needed anything. Rather, he himself gives everyone life and breath and everything else. From one man he made all the nations, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and he marked out their appointed times in history and the boundaries of their lands. God did this so that they would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from any one of us. — Acts 17:24-27

Godly leadership and servanthood are necessary for one to be a true reforming influence. Whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first must be your slave—just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many. — Matthew 20:26-28

God raises up and removes leaders. He changes times and seasons; he deposes kings and raises up others. He gives wisdom to the wise and knowledge to the discerning. — Daniel 2:21

Literature, Composition, and Grammar

Unit 6: Allegory and Literary Criticism The Pilgrim’s Progress by Paul Bunyan Literature for Units 1 - 6 http://www.ccel.org/ccel/bunyan/pilgrim.ii.html

Unit 6 – Assignments Literature and Composition  Read the following essays and note the information they include in their analysis: ▪ “Deep Desires that Transcend Time” by Alyssa Ensminger Winning Essay for Literary Analysis, Beulah Davis Outstanding Freshman Writer Award http://www.roanestate.edu/owl/Deep.html ▪ “The Practices of Dr. Rank” by Denise Coday http://www.roanestate.edu/owl/DollHouse.html  Read your rough draft aloud and make note of sentences that do not make sense or should be changed.  Look at your original sources and make note of phrases or sentences that are similar to your original source material - put quotation marks around these and cite your source using MLA format. See the following video for help with this: http://www.roanestate.edu/owl/MLA_WCited.html

Grammar  Complete the Units 1-5 Grammar Review Exercises on the Artios Home Companion website.

Early Modern: Middle School Unit 6: Louis XIV of France - Page 2 L e s s o n O n e

History Overview and Assignments The Life and Reign of Louis XIV

“After becoming the official king at the age of thirteen, King Louis XIV reigned in France for over fifty years. ‘He placed in control of the different departments of the government the best men he could find; and one of his officers, the famous Colbert, managed the money matters of the kingdom in such a manner as to make his name illustrious for all time…’ ” – John Haaren

Key People Prince Eugene of Savoy Louis XIII Cardinal Mazarin Louis XIV Jean-Baptiste Colbert

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Reading and Assignments

 Review the discussion questions and vocabulary, then read the article: Louis XIV, pages 4-7.  Narrate about today’s reading using the appropriate notebook page. Be sure to answer the discussion questions and include key people, events, and dates within the narration.  Define the vocabulary words in the context of the reading and put the word and its definition in the vocabulary section of your history notebook.  Be sure to visit www.ArtiosHCS.com for Louis XIV of France additional resources.

Discussion Questions 1. After Richelieu died, who did Louis XIII choose to replace him? 2. At what age did Louis the XIV become King of France? Early Modern: Middle School Unit 6: Louis XIV of France - Page 3 3. Why was Mazarin so disliked by the people of France? 4. What was Louis the XIV’s favorite pastime as a child? 5. At what age did Louis XIV take control of the government without the help of Richelieu or another minister? 6. To what was Louis XIV truly devoted while Mazarin was alive? 7. Research and prepare a class presentation on either the , The Louvre, The Trianon, or the Tuileries. Your teacher will provide detailed instructions. 8. List some of the accomplishments of Louis XIV. 9. What other historic buildings were built during the reign of Louis XIV? 10. What had the Edict of Nantes given the French people? 11. What was the result of Louis XIV overturning the Edict of Nantes? 12. Who was Prince Eugene of Savoy? Why did he hold a grudge against Louis XIV? 13. How long was the reign of Louis XIV?

Adapted from the book: Famous Men of Modern Times by John H. Haaren Louis XIV (1638–1715)

After the death of Richelieu, in 1642, of the things he did cost a great deal of Louis XIII, king of France, followed the money; and so he made the people of advice of his great prime minister and France pay very heavy taxes, and this called Cardinal Mazarin to fill his place. caused them to dislike him exceedingly. But Louis XIII lived only six months Finally they became so discontented after Richelieu passed away. He died in that they began a revolt known as the War 1643, and his son Louis XIV succeeded him of the Fronde, which means the War of the as king. Sling. The name was given to ridicule the Louis XIV had the longest and most revolting party who were chiefly peasants brilliant reign in the ; and and who were too poor to buy proper arms. the French people have always called him They were compared to the disorderly boys “The Grand Monarch.” of who sometimes fought with slings, He was born in 1638, and became king and the name arose in that way. when he was but five years old. His mother This war lasted four years, and at its governed the kingdom as until he close Mazarin was dismissed. But he was was thirteen’ but Mazarin was retained in soon put into office again, and had even office and quickly became the real ruler of more power than before. France. As a boy, Louis XIV was more fond of Mazarin was a great statesman, but he military exercises than of study. He took was determined to have his own way. Many great delight in handling swords and

Early Modern: Middle School Unit 6: Louis XIV of France - Page 4 beating drums. The boys belonging to some Louis saw that Mazarin was managing of the noble families of France were the the affairs of the nation with great skill; so playmates of the young king; and he he allowed him to do as he thought best, formed them into a company of soldiers, while His Majesty devoted himself to a life and spent some time every day in drilling of pleasure. them. But in 1661, when Louis was twenty- In 1651, when he reached the age of three, Mazarin died. The day after thirteen, he took the government into his Mazarin’s death the officers of the own hands, but Mazarin remained prime government assembled at the palace, all minister. eager to know which of them was to be the One of the first things Louis did after new prime minister. declaring himself king was to go with “To whom shall we speak in the future General Turenne into the South of France about the business of the kingdom?” asked upon a military expedition. He was greatly one of them. pleased with life in the army and came “To me,” answered the king. “Hereafter back to Paris enthusiastic about military I shall be my own prime minister.” tactics. After thus taking matters into his own “General Turenne,” said the young king, hands, he reigned for more than fifty years. “when I make war you must lead my He placed in control of the different troops.” departments of the government the best “I deeply thank you, Sire, for your good men he could find; and one of his officers, opinion of me,” replied the famous general. the famous Colbert, managed the money “I should be glad indeed to have command matters of the kingdom in such a manner of Your Majesty’s army in any war in which as to make his name illustrious for all time. you may be engaged.” He made the taxes less burdensome to the “Well, general,” said Louis, “I feel sure people, and at the same time he so fostered that I shall have lots of wars, and you must the industries of the kingdom that the be ready to help me.” revenue was greatly increased. Louis improved the condition of the French people. He encouraged manufacturers. He even established some factories at the expense of the government so that, during his reign, France became famous for her woolens and carpets, her silks and tapestries. Louis also founded schools and

colleges. He improved the country roads. Reception of Turenne by Louis XIV at Versailles He began the great canal which connects Years afterwards Louis’s words came the Mediterranean with the Bay of Biscay. true. He carried on many wars, and in He did all in his power to advance the some of them Turenne won fame as one of welfare of the kingdom. the greatest commanders of his time. At Versailles, a few miles from Paris, he

Early Modern: Middle School Unit 6: Louis XIV of France - Page 5 built the largest and most magnificent down the military glory of Louis XIV was palace in France. He adorned it with Prince Eugene of Savoy. paintings and statues and surrounded it Prince Eugene was born in Paris, in with lovely gardens. There he lived in great 1663. As soon as he was old enough for splendor, and gathered about him a large military service, he asked King Louis to company of talented men and beautiful make him an officer in the French army. women. Louis was not friendly to Eugene’s The Louvre, the Trianon, the Tuileries, mother, and the request of the young and some other of the most beautiful prince was refused. Indignant at this, buildings for which Paris is still noted were Eugene left France, but he was determined also built during his reign. to be a soldier somewhere. But in 1685, Louis revoked the famous He was twenty years old when the Edict of Nantes, under which Henry of Turks laid siege to , and he was Navarre had granted religious liberty to the among the soldiers who helped to drive French people. them back. His bravery brought him into In consequence, over three hundred notice, and he rapidly rose from rank to thousand Protestants left France. They rank. At twenty-one he was a colonel, at carried with them their tools and their twenty-two a major general, and at twenty- trades and moved into other countries. four a lieutenant general. More than forty thousand of them settled After serving in numerous battles in England, where they were received with against the Turks, Prince Eugene was sent, open arms. in command of an Austrian force, into In his later life Louis had the same Northern Italy, where Louis XIV was fondness for war as in his youth, and threatening the province of Savoy. during nearly fifteen years he was engaged Eugene now had one of the great in wars with various European nations. satisfactions of his life. His army was large and thoroughly When Louis had refused him a disciplined. He had also a navy which commission in the French army, he had made France powerful on the ocean. He said that he would never again enter used to say with great pride, “I can fight the France except as a conqueror. After several world equally well on the sea or on the victories in Italy, he marched into France, land.” captured several towns, and returned to Wars were fought with Spain, Holland, Italy laden with great plunder, thus making England, Germany, and other nations, and good his word. brilliant victories were won. But the most important thing achieved These successes delighted the French by Eugene and his allies during this war people, and they almost adored their with Louis was the capture of a strongly “Grand Monarch.” Louis XIV became fortified town called Casal (ka′ sal). This almost as much the terror of Europe as did town stood near the borders of France and about a hundred years later; and Italy, and commanded the easiest and most then the decline began. frequently traveled pass between the two Among the men who helped to break countries.

Early Modern: Middle School Unit 6: Louis XIV of France - Page 6 When the town was taken, Eugene The defeat of Louis XIV on this made it one of the conditions of surrender occasion was one of the most disastrous that its fortifications should be destroyed ever suffered by the French, and it greatly and never rebuilt. encouraged those who were defending the Yet, this did not prevent Louis XIV liberties of Europe. Louis’s power in from making other attempts to capture and Holland was shattered, and his Northern Italy; and Prince Eugene armies were never again so much of a afterwards served in two other long wars terror as they had been. that were successfully fought in its defense. Louis did not, however, give up at once. Fighting continued for about ten years longer, but there were no further victories for France. When the war was ended in 1713, by the (u′ trekt), the French were obliged to give up Acadia, the Hudson’s Bay Territory and Newfoundland to the British. Austria also was given possession Battle Blenheim of some of the territory, which had been

held by France.

Louis continued fighting against Italy, A year later, in 1714, by the Treaty of Bavaria, and the Netherlands, and kept all Rastatt (ras tat), it was agreed that all the Europe in a state of turmoil. different nations which had been engaged Then came the great in the war should have just what belonged (blen′im), in 1704. to them before the war began. Louis had made himself so obnoxious, The glory of France and her “Grand and had become so dreaded, that a great Monarch” had departed. He lived only a league of the European nations was formed little more than two years after peace was against him. proclaimed. In the battle of Blenheim the English, He died on September 1, 1715, at the age under the Duke of Marlborough, united of seventy-seven, having reigned seventy- their forces with those of the Austrians two years. under Prince Eugene.

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