KING TO BOWEN. 211 took place between 21st and 28th of April, of which you have isoi. been already informed, and I made it my duty to see his orders 2I Al'8' punctually performed. With respect to my passages up and down this coast in the Voyages to Colonial vessel's, I will venture to assert that very little incon- ^e Decent. venience would have occurred in them had I been able to take advantage of my own judgment, a favour which has been never granted to me, tho' the public service could not possibly have been injured by it. I enclose a list* of the officers, civil and military, and prisoners on board the , formerly at Risdon Cove. I have, &c, JOHN BOWEN. [Enclosures.] [Copies of these papers are not available.] TO LIEUTENANT BowEN.f Sir, , 25th August, 1804. 25 Aug. I have received yours of the 21st instant informing me that you had delivered your instructions and the public stores to Lieut.-Gov'r [Collins] immediately after the arrival of the Xancy, in consequence of a General Order given for that purpose by Lieut.-Col. Collins on the 8th May. You observe that your intentions about staying at the Derwent was not understood or sufficiently explained in your letter of the 24th April. On this Proposed subject, allow me to remind you that when you arrived in the ^B^wi0" °' Ferret, your intention of resigning the situation you held at the Derwent was fully understood, not only by me, but by every person of your acquaintance, which I understood was on account of the war. You had heard of it by the Ferret's arrivel at the Derwent,. and came hither in her, leaving your things at that place. I gave you permission to resign, and applauded your motive. I informed you that Gov'r Collins had reported as an unf^t situation; 'that I had given him his election of fixing at'Port Dalrymple, or the settlement you had formed at the Derwent; that he had made a choice of the latter, for the very cogent reasons he gave me; and that I had consequently Orders to furnished him with a letter to you to deliver the command, In- surrend(H' structions, and every article of Kings stores, etc., up to him. This letter was dated Xov'r 26th. Soon after your arrival in the Ferret I received Col. Collins's information that he hadfixed on the Derwent. Consequently, you had not then received my letter of the 26th Xov'r; but on my communicating it to you, no observation similar to those in your letter of August 21st, 1804, was made by you. On* th Note econtrary 118. f, Not yoe u112 appeare. d gratified at the 212 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF .

1804. • idea of being allowed to resign, and was anxious to return to 25 Aug, give up the Government and your charge, and also to arrange Return of your private concerns. The Integrity wasfitted with every pos­ J. Bowen to sible despatch. You were, on sailing, instructed by me to adhere the Derwent. to the directions contained in my letter of Xov'r 26th, and as it was indispensable that Col. Collins should receive your informa­ tion respecting the Derwent, I considered that the furtherance of his ultimate choice (in which the interest of His Majesty's ser­ vice was so materially concerned) should be aided by any possible communication previous to his leaving the Derwent, which I had reason to suppose would not be the case before the Integrity could arrive there. The unfortunate accident that befel the rudder* was surely not my fault, nor the consequent detention you experienced. You hired an American vessel to take you to the Derwent, where, as Gov'r Collins informs me, you declined giving up your Instructions, but offered him the command, etc. How far that was acting agreeable to my instructions of Xov'r 26th I leave to your own judgment. Had you returned in the Integrity you would have had three opportunities of a passage Passages to Europe, viz., The Betsy, Mersey, and Corromandel, by way of available to India and China, and a fourth by the , south whaler, Europe. which left this direct for England on the 21st instant. Those opportunities I am sorry you have missed by not complying with my directions to give the Government, etc., up to Lieut.-Gov'r Collins, and returning here in the Integrity. Refusal to Respecting your appointment being anyways considered as deliver giving you a right to refuse delivering your Instructions, etc., instructions. up to Lieut.-Gov'r Collins as directed1 by me, I must inform you, sir, that Lieut.-Gov'r Collins having made his election of the Derwent, there was no necessity for two Governors being within six miles of each other. What I did, and what that officer has also, has been by virtue of the Royal commands, which I do not consider myself justifiable in giving any other interpretation to than the strictest obedience. I am concerned it was not in my power to procurfe you better conveyances than those that have [been] furnished, which you will have the goodness to allow me to recapitulate. Voyages made When youfirst set out for the Derwent you declined going in by J. Bowen. the Porpoise, and preferred the Lady Xelson, commanded1 by your shipmate, Mr. Curtoys. When these vessels put back, at your request, I hired the Albion, south whaler. In that ship you went, and landed at the Derwent. You returned from there in the Ferret, south whaler, whose master I paid for your passage. You left this in the Integrity to return to give up the Govern­ ment, and settle your private concerns. This is the onlv Colonial

*Note 115. PAYMENT OF SALARIES. 218 vessel you have been in, as you are returned in the Ocean, trans­ 1804. port. Therefore, how far you have been inconvenienced beyond 25 Aug. the ordinary occurrences of a sea voyage I am yet to learn. I have, &c, .

THE HIRE OF THE SCHOONER PILGRIM. Hire of [The papers relating to the hire of the schooner Pilgrim by pilgrim. lieutenant Bowen will be found on page 191 et seq., volume V, series I.]

ORDER FOR THE PAYMENT OF THE SALARIES OF LIEUTENANT BOWEN Salaries of S-ii.r J. Bowen and URGEON MOUNTGARRETT. J. Mountgarrett. [A copy of this order will be found on page 197, volume V, series I.]

RECEIPT FOR SALARIES. Receipt for WE the undersigned do hereby Acknowledge to have received from John Palmer Esqr. Commissary One Set of Bills of Ex­ change each on the Right Honorable the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury, for the Sum of One Hundred and Five Pounds Five Shillings Sterling, due to us for our Services at the Derwent as P'r Order above Xo. 13, For which we have signed Five receipts of this Tenor and date. * JAB. MOUNTGARRETT.

* Note 119.

OFFICIAL PAPERS RELATING TO

THE SETTLEMENT OF SOUTHERN , 1804-JUNE, 1812.

These papers are divided into two sections:—

Section A.—Despatches to and from the lieutenant-governor or commandants. Section B.—General and miscellaneous papers.

217

SECTION A.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD . 28th February, 1804. isoi. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 56.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per brig Lady Nelson.) Head Quarters, Camp, Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, Sir, Van Dieman's Land, 28th Feby., 1804. By my Letter Xo. 5* which I expect you will receive by the Departure for Schooner Edwin, (a Duplicate of which accompanies this), your the envel1t Excellency will be informed of my Intention of Proceeding to the Settlement established under your Authority at the Derwent. As your Excellency requests that I will be unreserved in my Reasons for communications respecting the Settlement with the direction of Devw'enf ase which I have been entrusted, I shall proceed to state the motive site for that induced me to give the preference to the Derwent. The advantages which I must derive from establishing myself in a Place already settled had certainly great weight with me, as I mention'd in the Letter which I had the honor of addressing to you by the Calcutta; but a still stronger consideration than this determined my Election of that Place. Between the departure of Captain Woodriff and the Receipt of your last Dispatches, I dis- Discontent

covered an improper spirit among some of my Military, who n™tfry. expressed a dissatisfaction at a daily Drill, which I had found it necessary to order. Having received sufficient Evidence of their discontent, and of a design to wait upon me in a Body to state What they deemed a grievance, I resolved instantly to check it before it could proceed to any such unwarrantable length, and caused two Privates (who I had reason to believe were the most dissatisfied) to be confined, and brought them the following Day to a Court-Martial, by which they were sentenced to receive each Nine hundred lashes, of which Punishment I attended the Execu­ tion myself, when one received Seven Hundred and the other five hundred lashes. The Public Order which I gave out upon this Occasion will be found in the continuation of my General Orders, which I send herewith.f This Punishment appeared to be attended with the effect which I desired. Nevertheless, on duly weighing the whole

* Note 120. t Note 121. 218 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Circumstance, together with the weakness of my Party in point of 28 Feb- Numbers, I thought I could not do better than repair to the Advantage of Derwent, where, by being joined by a Detachment of the New militaryforce. Sout h Wales Corps, a Spirit of Emulation would be excited and a check given to that discontent which had manifested itself among my own People. By this addition of strength I should, moreover, never have much apprehension from a large Sick-List, which indeed was once so great after the departure of the Calcutta Marines that I was obliged to reduce the number of my Centinels by day, mounting a Picquet in the Evening. I also reflected that having but three Subalterns if I should lose an Officer, or one of them be ill, I could not hold a Court-Martial upon Offenders, an inconvenience the occurring of which would be in some measure obviated by the Services of Lieu't Moore. Motives for These, Sir, were my Motives; it was my anxious wish to have selecting site }ja(j ^e Honour of establishing a permanent Settlement, with no at the Derwent. . -, • -C <• -r^-iii other aid than what 1 brought with me from England; but events which I could not foresee determined me at the Time to Proceed to Risdon Cove. I found Port Phillip wholly unfit for the Settle­ ment, and the idea offixing on e at Port Dalrymple I abandoned, not only from the motives which I have stated, but because I conceived the local Situation of the more adapted for commercial Purposes. Its position at the Southern extremity of Van Dieman's Land gives it ah advantage over every Harbour yet discovered in the Straits, and I entertain a Hope that when it is generally known that an Establishment is formed, so directly presenting itself as a Port of Shelter to Ships from Europe, America, or India, either for Whaling or other speculation, it will be greatly resorted to. These advantages, no doubt, occurred to your Excellency, and influenced you to take Possession of that part of the Country. I, therefore, thought that I ran no risk (as I had been obliged to quit the place to which I was destined) of incurring any Blame in fixing on a Spot which had before been thought by your Excel­ lency an eligible Situation for a Settlement. Report on My General Letter Xo. 6* will inform your Excellency of my the^Swent* Proceedings since my arrival in the Derwent; and as the Purport of this Letter will be stated in my Dispatches to the Secretary of State, it will afford me matter of great Satisfaction if* the Pro­ priety and expediency of the Measures which I have adopted shall receive Your Excellency's Confirmation. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

•Note 120. COLLINS TO KING. 219

[Enclosure.] 1804. GENERAL ORDERS BY LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. ""—.' Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, 20 Feb., 1804. 0rders re THE Storekeeper will issue the following weekly ration until further Issue of rations. orders, Viz.:— To Civil, Military, Free Settlers, and Prisoners— 7 lb. Beef, or 4 lb. Pork. 7 lb. Flour. 6 oz. Sugar. To women two-thirds, children abovefive years half, and children underfive year s one fourth of the above ration. The issuing days for provisions will be in future Tuesdays and Saturdays. The Military will receive half a pint of Spirits daily as before. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, 21 Feb., 1804. THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR having at length been enabled tofix th e Preservation of Settlement advantageously, and in a situation that appears to be water supply. blessed with that great comfort of life, a permanent supply of pure running water, cautions the people against polluting the stream by any means whatsoever; a proper place for them to water at shall be pointed out, and he positively forbids their going into, or destroying the underwood adjacent to the water, under pain of being severely punished. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, 22 Feb., 1804. THE hours for labour are to be the same as were directed at Port Hours of Phillip. During these hours, the Prisoners are not, upon any account, labour. to quit whatever work they may be engaged in; and the LIEUT. GOVERNOR expects the Overseers to see that this order is attended to. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, 23 Feb., 1804. A GENERAL muster of all the Prisoners will take place at 2 o'clock on General Saturday next, previous to the serving of provisions, which will be muster. issued to those only who are present. The Surgeon will account for the sick, and the Military and Civil Officers for their servants. If the weather permits, Divine Service will be performed on Sunday Divine service. next at 11 o'clock, when every person that is able is expected to attend. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, 24 Feb., 1804. THE Storekeeper will issue, on Saturday, two Iron Pots to such Tents Issue of stores. as are not provided with them. He will also issue two Combs, and a Brush, to each Prisoner who will apply for them, and the Overseers will see that they are made a proper use of, reporting such as do not keep their heads clean to the Lieut. Governor. One Pair of Shoes will be issued at the same time to each Prisoner. 220 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Robert Stuart is appointed an Overseer, and will have the charge of 28 Feb. keeping the Camp clean, and the stream pure from filth. He will Orders re point out to them a proper place for a Privy. A Copper will be forth­ Overseer. with erected for cooking. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, 25 Feb., 1804. Construction MR. WILLIAM COLLINS having obligingly offered his services to super­ of wharf. intend the construction of a Wharf, and communication between Hunter's Island and the Settlement, the Gang that are to be employed in these necessary works are placed under his directions, and all orders given to them by him are to be obeyed. Divine service. Divine Service will be performed to-morrow at 11, and at Risdon Creek in the afternoon, if the weather is favourable. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, 27 Feb., 1804. Preservation THE direction of the Carpenters being left with Mr. NICHOLLS, the of timber. Superintendent, no other person whatsoever is to cut down any timber, whether young or old, near the Encampment, but with his knowledge. As there is abundance of wood for fuel every where about the Settle­ ment, there can be no pretext for disobeying this Order. Superintendent of convicts. The LIEUT. GOVERNOR having been pleased to appoint Mr. JOHN JUBAL SUTTON a Superintendent of Convicts, he is to be observed as such. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. (Despatch marked " Separate," per brig Lady Xelson and H.M.S. Calcutta.) Risdon Cove, in the Derwent River, 29 Feb. My Lord, Van Dieman's Land, 29th February, 1804. In Compliance with your Lordship's Commands, signi­ fied to me in your Letter of the 5th of April last,* I consulted Shipment of Captain Woodriff upon the expediency of airing the Seed Corn seed grain and other Grain, intended for the Xew Settlement during the from England. Passage to Xew South Wales; when that Officer was of opinion with me, that even if it could be got at without much difficulty, (which on speaking with the Master of the Store Ship, where it was, we found could not be done,) it would be extremely hazar­ dous to expose it to'the effects of the Sea Air, to which, if opened, it would certainly be liable—I therefore did not venture to move it, on the assurance of the Master, that it was stowed in a dry part of his Ship, which moreover was remarkably tight, and on the strength of Captain Woodriff's opinion, upon, which as a long experienced Xaval Officer I had every reason to rely. I have now to report to your Lordship that on their being landed, I inspected the different Casks in which the Grain etc. was contained, when they were found perfectly tight, and the Grain dry and sweet.

Note 122. COLLINS TO KING. 221

The Season of the Year when I arrived there, as well as the iso4. Soil of Port Phillip not admitting any of the Corn to be sown, 29 Feb- I was only able to try some of the Garden Seeds, when I was Failure of S concerned to find that of Eighteen or Twenty different sorts, port PMiiip . * which were put into the Ground, not one succeeded. As they were perfectly dry and sweet when opened, the Gar­ dener, who I employed, imagined that they must have been injured by the Heat of the Ship's Hold, but as some other Seeds which I had of my own, that were equally liable to be affected by the same Heat, vegetated and produced as plentifully as from such a Sandy Soil could have been expected, I am rather inclined to think the Seed was bad of its kind, and would not have grown any where else. Should I in the course of the approaching Season be equally unsuccessful with the English Corn, the Disappointment, though great, will in some degree be lessen'd by the freshness and Excel- Seed corn lence of the Seed Corn, that I purchased at the Cape of Good cape of Good Hope and which is now in high preservation. Of this I shall Hope' take care to sow a Quantity equal to what is sown of the other, and as the Period for putting it in the Ground will be of some­ what longer duration at this Place than at Port Jackson, I hope and think I shall be able to make a very fair Experiment of the Capability of the Soil. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (General letter No. 6, per brig Lady Nelson.) Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, Sir, Van Dieman's Land, 29th Feby., 1804. I have the Honour to acquaint your Excellency of my Arrival at arrival at this Place on the 15th Instant, after a long and un- the Derwent- pleasant Passage* of Sixteen days from Port Phillip, during which we were Vex'd by Calms and foul winds, accompanied by Voyage from very bad weather, that considerably retarded our Progress, both Pol'tPhlI1'P- through the dangerous Xavigation of the Straits and after we had passed them. We made Cape Pillar, earh- in the Morning of the 8th and hoped to have anchored soon after in the Derwent, but the wind suddenly shifted blowing so strong at S.S.W. that we were obliged to stand off the Land during the Xight. In this Situation (beating to Windward off Cape Pillar) we continued until the Morning of the 10th, when a favourable change in our Wind and Weather enabling us to pass Cape Basaltes, we entered Storm Bay and had we but had a few hours more daylight, might have anchored in the Derwent before Xight,

» Note 123. 222 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. but Mr. Mertho* not thinking it adviseable to attempt the En­ 29 Feb. trance of the River in the dark, the Ship was kept laying off Vovage from and on under an easy Sail until daylight, when we found our­ Port Phillip. selves near " Betsey's Island." Here we were again disappointed in our expectation of entering the River, for it came on to blow in such violent Gusts of wind at X.W. that it was not safe to carry the Sail necessary to turn the Ship up, and, to avoid being driven out to Sea, we were compelled to bear up for Frederic Henry Bay, where we anchored between three and four o'Clock in Eight fathoms Water, under some high land in the upper part of this capacious Harbour. Despatches sent The distance from our anchoring Place (just above Cape Des overland. Laes, on the Presque Isle du Xord of M. D'Entrecasteaux) to Risdon Cove, appearing to be not more thanfifteen miles, I sentf Lieut. Lord and Mr. Humphrey, properly escorted with your Excellency's Letters and one from myself to Mr. Bowen, in which I expressed a hope of seeing him in the course of the following Day. The Gusts of Wind which drove us into this Bay continued for the Three succeeding Days, blowing with such violence that the Master thought it imprudent to attempt even approaching the Mouth of the Derwent. The Morning of Wednesday the loth proved however sufficiently moderate to enable us to get under way at daylight, and I had the Satisfaction of finding myself arrived at the Termination of my Voyage before Sunset in the Evening. The Commander of the Lady Xelson, (which had anchored here First report on the Instant:}:), accompanied by Mr. Mountgarrett, got from Risdon on board us at the Entrance of the River. From this latter cove. Gentleman I learned that Mr. Bowen had sailed some weeks before for Port Jackson, and that the Command of the Settle­ ment was left with Lieutenant Moore of the Xew South Wales Corps, who waited upon me on our arrival at the Mouth of Risdon Creek. I visited the Settlement in the forenoon of the following Day. Selection of As I have chosen another Cove§ for the Establishment of that with new site. the direction of which I have been entrusted, it is necessary to state to your Excellency the Motives which induced me to adopt this measure: Description of I found that the Landing Place || in the Creek (for it is no more settlement at Risdon cove. than a Creek) was accessible only at a certain Time of the Tide; that, to make the Channel at all practicable for loaded Boats, it would be necessary to remove 130 or 140 yards of Mud, which, from its being mixed with Sand, would be always liable to break

' Note 18. Note 124. t Note 125. § Note Note 102. COLLINS TO KING. 223 down and fill up the Channel again. The Situation of the Store- isoi. House was so low that I should have dreaded the consequence of L ' any very heavy Rains, and must therefore have erected mine upon Description of the high Ground, to which the Labour of rolling up my Provisions Risdon cove. and heavy stores must have been immense, and often attended with accident and loss. The Land about the Settlement, as far of it as I saw, did not appear so excellent as I had expected to find it, nor give me room to despair of finding as good, with the advantages of which this Situation was deficient, lower down the Harbour. I, however, immediately caused the Tents to be pitched upon the Ground near Mr. Mountgarret's House, in Case I should not be successful in my researches, which I forthwith commenced, and had the satisfaction offinding what I sought for in a very New site fine Cove on the West side of the River, about Five Miles from selected- Risdon Creek. In the center of this Cove* is a small Island, connected with the Description of Main Land at low Water, admirably adapted for the landing and "' c.0Vl reception of Stores and Provisions. Round this Island is a Channel for a Boat, at the Head of which is a Run of clear fresh Water, proceeding from a distance inland, and having its source in a Rock in the Vicinity of the Table Mountain, named in the French Chartf " Le Plateau." The Ground on each side the Run is of a gradual ascent, and upon that next the Cove I have formed my Camp. The Ocean and Lady Xelson are lying within half a Cable's length of the Shore, in about Xine fathoms Water. The Soil, to one used to the Sand of Port Phillip, appears in a very advantageous Point of view, but is certainly the same as that about Risdon Creek. The Timber and Stone are in sufficient Quantity and Quality to answer all my Purposes; and I shall immediately set about the necessary work of getting my People under Cover, and preparing Ground for the reception of Seed. Before I adopted the Measure which I have now the Honour Favorable of reporting to your Excellency, I took the opinion of such of the "^"selected Military and Civil Officers as were with me, as to the Eligi- • bility of the Place which I had looked at, and having the satis­ faction of hearing them express the same favourable opinion of it which I had myself entertained, I no longer hesitated to abandon the Idea of establishing myself at Risdon Creek. I certainly should have waited Sir, until this measure had Necessity for received the Sanction of your approbation, but I saw that no Sion.te Time was to be lost. The Winter was approaching, and I felt an anxiety about getting my People hutted before its arrival. I was moreover desirous of dispatching an Account of my Pro­ ceedings to England by the Calcutta, and considered the Expence * Note 89. f Note 98. 224 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. attending the hire of the Ocean, I trust I shall be justified by the 29 Feb. Event in not delaying my Establishing the Settlement, until I could have heard from your Excellency, as well as in having chosen this Place for that Purpose. Agriculture. In the great point of Agriculture, I am as forward as I should have been at Risdon Creek, for I could not learn that a single acre is in Preparation there for Grain upon Government account. You have the late Commandant of that Place with you, and of course will be thoroughly Possess'd by that Gentleman of the State of the Settlement he had commenced, I shall therefore add nothing more upon that subject, referring your Excellency to his Report and to the Letters of Lieut. Moore which are sent by the Lady Xelson. Erection of I arrived here with a large Sick List; nevertheless I have been temporary able, in the few days since I landed, to erect a temporary Wharf wharf. at the Island, whereat Boats may at any Time of Tide deliver Stores, etc., and, as I have Pitched my Store Tents there, the unloading the Transport will be very soon effected. The command I have not interfered in any shape with Lieut't Moore* in his at Risdoii cove. Command, nor shall I until I hear from your Excellency whether you wish the people to be removed thence, or that I shall take the direction of the whole upon myself. Treatment I availed myself of an offer made by Mr. Mountgarrett of of sick at accomodating some of my Sick in a Hut, which could be spared Risdon cove. for that Purpose, and twelve of them affected with Diarrhea were put under his Care. I am sorry to add that one who I can but ill spare, a Carpenter, f has died there, the others are recovering. Rations for Finding upon my arrival that the Settlement at the Creek had settlement at been for some Time upon §rds allowance of Provisions, I thought Risdon cove. it highly expedient, as my People (who were immediately in their Xeighbourhood) were upon a full Ration, to advise Lieut. Moore to put those under his Command upon the same, which he has accordingly done, having sufficient for two Months at that Pro­ portion before the expiration of which time I suppose a Supply will be sent him from Sydney. I presume he will upon this Ration endeavour to get some Ground ready for Grain, with Grain to be which, if he is not furnish'd in Time by your Excellency, I intend sown at to supply him, as I also mean to do by the Settlers Clark and Risdon cove. Birt, who have eachfive acre s ready, thinking the Interest of the Settlement will be equally affected by having the Grain in the Ground whether the Crop be gathered at Risdon Creek or Sulli­ van Cove. The Settlers can either return the Seed from theii Produce (if successful), or repay me in Labour. Lieutenant Moore stating to me that the Government Hogs were starving, they have been sent hither, where, besides what

* Note 109. • Note 126. COLLINS TO KING. 225 they find on the Shore, they will have the benefit of some Indian 1804. Corn which I brought for my own Stock, not yet arrived, the whole having been left behind except one Cow and her Calf. I inclose for your Information a Return of the whole Xumbers Return of victualled at this Place. Mr. Brown* the Botanist, wishing to vktuaTied. pursue his researches here for some time longer than the short stay of the Brig would enable him, has taken up his residence on board the Ocean until her departure for Port Phillip; and I have directed the Storekeeper to place him on the Victualling- Books. Should the Brig be sent hither again, he will either return by her, or by the Ocean, when the Service for which she was chartered is completed. Your Excellency may be assured Services of that no Time will be lost either here or at Port Phillip, in dis- sMp 0eean' charging or loading that Ship, without whose Services or the services of a Ship of similar Burthen, it would (as I was de­ prived of those of the Calcutta) have been wholly impossible for me to have moved the Establishment. Upon my acquainting Mr. Mountgarrett that an opportunity Decision of J 6 would be afforded him of returning to Port Jackson by the Lady' t 0 ^"Jim*"' " Xelson, he informed me that he did not intend to quit the Settle­ ment at present, having a large Stock upon his hands which he wished previously to dispose of. He therefore remains; but I must beg leave to observe to your Excellency, that, should it be your Intention to withdraw the People now at Risdon Creek, and either add them to this Establishment, or wholly remove them to Sydney (the latter of which I should prefer, with some few exceptions) this Gentleman, should he then wish to continue here, could only be considered as a Settler, my Medical Staff being complete; ana I have no doubt but you would think with me, that it would be an act of flagrant Injustice to the Medical Gentlemenf sent hither by the Crown,—to receive him into the Staff of this Colony at the Expence of either of them. I feel myself very much at ease with the Medical aid which has been Provided for me, and. do not conceive that for some Years to come any addition to them will be requisite. ^: returns by the Lady Xelson. This Man (who Return of has furnish'd me agreeable to your directions with the observa- Sydney."" *" tions which he has made here) would have been a valuable Assistant to Mr. Harris,§ the Surveyor; but I have dismiss'd him, as I am persuaded he must be much wanted at Port Jackson from the absence of Mr. Grimes. Mr. Wilson the Storekeeper remains, having still the charge storekeeper at <>f the Public Stores at Risdon Creek. Risdon cove- * Note 53. t Note 127. t Note 107. § Note 28. SER. III. VOL. I—P 226 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Your Excellency was Pleased to say in a former Letter,' that 29 Feb. no one should come to the Settlement which I had formed without Character of my particular application. I find, since my arrival here, that certain convicts severalflagitious Character s have been adjudged by the Sentence at Risdon cove. of the Criminal Court to serve for a certain Xumber of Year; at Risdon Creek. However convenient it may be to the Magis­ trates at Sydney to get rid of such Characters, which may be extremely troublesome to them, yet I must beg leave to observe that the Introduction of such abandoned and hardened Wretches into an Infant Colony may be attended with the most mis­ Influence of chievous effects. This has been already proved by the Desertion of bad characters. Duce and his Companions with a Boat belonging to the Settle­ ment, and, since my arrival, by that offive Prisoners, who found means to steal even from under the feet of the Sentinel half a Barrel of Gunpowder, with which and two Musquets they got off into the woods. I have however the satisfaction of informing you that, one of them making a voluntary S urrender of himself, the others followed his example the next day, and the arms and ammunition (all except about Ten Pounds) have been recovered. Punishment of The Crime that these Wretches committed certainly merited deserters. the Cognizance of the Criminal Court; but on advising with Lieut. Moore I found the sending them to Port Jackson for Trial would be attended with so much Inconvenience and loss of labour and Time, that I recommended their being severely Punish'd. Ironed, and kept to Labour as a Jail Gang, which I understand has been done. Protest These circumstances induce me to request that your Excel­ against re- lency will prevent this Settlement being made a Place of Con­ transportation of convicts finement for People, who I must ever consider more hardened to the Derwent. and atrocious than those who may be imported from the Jails in England. Were the Sentences of the Criminal Court to be carried into effect without your concurrence, I should not hesi­ tate to send their Culprits back, as I conceive the consent of any State mustfirst be obtained, before it could be made the Seat of Transportation. This however not being the Case I claim your Excellency's Promise that no one shall be sent hither that I do not apply for. I am exceedingly anxious for the well being of the Settlement of which I have the Honour of being appointed the Governor; You will therefore, I hope Sir, enter into my views, and excuse the earnestness with which I deprecate any Interference with them, of the Xature above mentioned. Account of I inclose your Excellency an Account of Duce's Escape, which escape of I caused to be taken by the Rev'd Mr. Knopwood from Harris, J. Duce. one of his Companions, who was delivered to me by Mr. Stewart, COLLINS TO KING. 227 the Master of the Edwin Schooner. Should Duce ever come 1804. within my reach, I will certainly, as far as Corporal Punishment 29 Feb. can effect it, hold him up as an Example.to the rest. I very Desertions much fear, however, that there are many, who, when once they expec conceive the design of attempting their Liberty, will not be deterred by any Prospect of Punishment which might be held out to them. I left seven* in the woods at Port Phillip, who must inevitably Perish, if they do not find means to return before Lieutenant Sladden leaves that Harbour. I cannot conclude this letter without recurring again to that Proposed Part of my Instructions')- which directs me to form an Establish- King island. ment on King's Island. The opinion given to your Excellency by certain Persons concerned in the Seal Fishery that' a Settle­ ment there would have the effect of driving away the Seals and Elephants which resort thither, does not appear to me to have any other Foundation than in their own Interest, which might be materially affected if any regular System was adopted there. I am of opinion that the rapacity with which these People pursue this Speculation will tend more effectually to extirpate these animals than could the Establishment of any System which might introduce regularity among them. Situated however as I am at present it is not in my Power to take Possession of that Island, and I shall therefore wait until either my Xumbers are increased, or I shall receive further Instructions upon that Head. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.] [Copies of lieutenant Moore's letters are not available.]

[Enclosure No. 2.] TOTAL Xumber Victualled from His Majesty's Stores at Sullivan Return of Cove, Derwent River, at the several Rations, 26th February, victualled. 1804..

Men. Women. Children. Qualities. At full At At At At Allow'ce. jrds. fi'ds. i i

26 1 Civil 6 Settlers 13 5 8 2 3 178 9 2 6 Supernumeraries J 3 Total 226 15 10 2 9

* Note 43. f Note 41. + Mr. Brown, Botanist; Henry Hacking; Salamander, a Port Jackson Native. 228 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA. [Enclosure No. 3.] 29 Fet>- DECLARATION OF JOHN HARRIS, CONVICT.

Declaration j0HN HARRIS states: That on a Saturday Evening, about Eight J! DimePeand *or Nine weeks after they had been at Risdon Cove, John Duce, companions. William Esum, and Joseph Culver had seen the Men that had been out with the Governor of Risdon Cove; and owing to the badness of the Weather they could not get up with the Boat to the usual landing Place, but had left the Boat at the Point. It was then about Nine in the Evening. These men asked William Privet, James Smith and Thomas Mullens to accompany them in taking the Boat, for they could very soon run to New Zealand. Duce asked Harris to go to Burk to lend him two Guns, for he was going out a Kangarooing. About 10 that Night Duce call'd at Harris's Hut for him with others to get up to go away that Night. Privet, Mullens, and Harris wish'd not to go there but to Timor. The same Night they took the Boat down the River, and the next day they ran into a Harbour, where, being prepared with Plank, the Carpenter Culver raised upon the Boat; a few days after a Quarrel arose between Duce and Smith, which should take the Command of the Boat, and Smith struck Duce, but by Per­ suasion they did notfight an y more—the weather at that time was bad,—but on going on Shore, Esum, Duce, and Smith had words, and Esum was going to shoot Smith, but they took the .Gun from him; after that, Duce, Esum, Culver, and Mullens agreed to leave Smith, Privet, and Harris on Shore the first opportunity they had; the next day they put into an Harbour on the North Point of Van Dieman's Land; there they Procured Fish and Greens, and agreed to divide the Mess—the four first by themselves, and the three Others by themselves. Nothing Particular occurred until they got into the Straits, when Duce formed a Plan of taking thefirst Vesse l they should meet with a Sealing, and, if they could not see one there, to go to Sydney and take one from thence. Smith objected to their taking any Vessel; but Harris, Smith, and Privet having heard of King's Island wished to go there, where they might make their escape by some of the Ships that frequent that Island. Duce said that he wished he could leave Smith upon the first Island they landed at, and being then two days Sail in the Straits they went into an Har­ bour to procure Fish, etc., and having got every thing ready for Sea again-—Duce had the Guns by him—all got into the Boat but Smith, who was sent for some Water in a Mug. In the meantime they Pushed off from the Rock. Harris and Privet call'd on Duce to stop for Smith. Duce made answer, let him go to hell; He should not stop for him, and likewise said he should never come into a Boat where he was. Privet and Harris lowered the COLLINS TO KING. 229

Jib and unshipt the Foresail, upon which Duce said, if they were 1804. not quiet he would shoot them, and ordered them to set the Sails —1' again; they both begg'd of Duce not to.leave Smith behind, but declaration Duce desired them to be quiet or he would put them on Shore, j. Duce and They caught Eight Seals on the Shore, and observed a large companions. Island at a distance which they took for King's; that Xight about 11 O'Clock, they landed on Cape Barren; there . they dress'd a Seal, and next Morning ran into Hogan's Bay; there they stayed a week. Duce formed a Plan to make a Cover for the Boat with Seal Skins; at that time they were not determined whether they should go to Xew Zealand or to King's Island; while they were at this Bay a Party of Men that were Sealing came into the Harbour, belonging to Captain Cammel's of Sydney, the Principal Man's Xame belonging to the Boat was Sparks. Some of the Men knew Duce and asked him where he came from; he said that he was going to Sydney with Orders from Governor King from Van Dieman's Land. The Men gave them some Provisions, and in a few days .theyfinished coverin g the Boat and sail'd with an intention to go to the Sisters, but were driven back to Cape Barren, where the Sealers had a Stock of Skins. Duce, Esum, and Culver tdok about sixty or seventy of them; the next day the Men came to the Stock they had-left and found it robb'd, and on seeing the Boat there concluded they had them; when they came to the Boat they offered them some Kangaroo, and told Duce that somebody had taken some Skins, upon which Duce said he had taken some but thought they had belonged to another Party. The Overseer desired Duce to bring them up the Harbour and he would give them some Provisions; they delivered part of the Skins and Esum buried the rest; during the time they were eating some Rice that Sparks had given them, he had them all secured by his Men, for he said he was fearful they intended taking the Vessel which laid a small distance; he did not mean to hurt them, but that he would put them on an Island where they might get Provisions, and he would give them some Rice and a Dog to kill Kangaroo. Privet and Harris spoke to Thomas Holt and Christopher Magree, part of the Gang, hoping they would speak to Mr. Sparks to take them from Duce, but Sparks took them all upon Penguin's Island; in three days afterwards, Mr. Sparkes returned and took Mullens and Harris away with him, who joined the Gang to go a Sealing; they were-to live the same as the Gang of Sealers did, and he took them to Cape Barren, where they continued in the same Employment for some time, 'till one day they saw the Edwin, Captain Stewart. Mr. Sparks thought it was a Vessel belonging to his Owners; he made afire an d sent a Boat to her to come into 230 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. the Harbour where they were; as soon as Captain Stewart came 29 Feb. on Shore, Mullens and Harris delivered themselves up to him as Declaration Prisoners. A few days after, Captain Stewart sailed for Xew r£ escape of J. Duce and Year's Island, when the Gang of Sealers went on Shore and companions. Mullens with them. Harris remained on board to dress for Cap­ tain Stewart, which he did, and Came to Port Phillip with him.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO SECRETARY MARSDEN. 3 March. 3rd March, 1804. [A copy of this letter is not available.']

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. (Despatch No. 3, per brig Lady Nelson and H.M.S. Calcutta.) Head Quarters, Camp, Sullivan Cove, 4 March. My Lord, Derwent River, 4th March, 1804. Provisions I think it necessary to acquaint your Lordship, that I have in store. remaining in Store here, and at- Port Phillip, the following Quantity of Provisions Vizt. Flora- 154,224 lbs. at 7 lb. Per Man Per Week sufficient for 357 men, 24 Wom'n, 25 Chil'n for 57 weeks. Beef 34,272 at 7 Do. Do. Pork 50,672 at 4 Do. Do. for Do. 45 weeks Supply of fish. Upon my arrival here, I was informed that there were not any Fish to be procured in this Harbour; but I have never yet failed in procuring enough to supply the Officers, upon any day that I could employ the Seine, and Yesterday, being the Day on which I issued Provisions, I saved One hundred and Sixty four Pounds of Beef at the Store, by serving two Pounds of Fish, in lieu of one Pound of Salt Meat. I am in daily expectation of receiving the remainder of the Provisions and Stores which were left behind on our departure, for want of room in the Store Ship, and I could very well find employment for six hundred Convicts, if they were here. But I Necessity for have earnestly to entreat of your Lordship, that some more atten­ selection of tion may be Paid in the Selection, in the next Embarkation of convicts. Prisoners, than certainly was shewn in the choice of those which accompanied me. I did not expect to find them free from Vice, but I never could imagine that among those, who were intended to form a Xew Settlement, there would be found a collection of old, worn out, useless Men, or Children equally as useless. Such a description of People, your Lordship will readily con­ ceive, must be a Burthen to a Young Settlement, and that the Provisions which they consume would be more usefully employed, had they been allotted to Artificers or stout and Labouring Men. COLLINS TO HOBART. 231

Of these I am sorry to observe, I have but very few; Yet My isoi. Lord, I proceed chearfully, and with Hope to the Execution of 4 March- the various Business before me. In respect to Situation, I am Advantages of as well Placed as I could wish. I have Land immediately about 1"^°"°' me, and in my Xeighbourhood, sufficient for extensive agricul­ tural Purposes. The Run which supplies us with clear, whole­ some Water, having its source in an adjoining Mountain, leaves me no reason to doubt of its proving a constant Supply; and the Climate appears to me, as far as I can judge of it, not to be liable to the sudden changes of Cold and Heat of either Port Phillip or Port Jackson. My opinion of the local advantages, of a Settlement formed in this part of Van Dieman's Land, being expressed in a Letter to Governor King, of which I have taken the liberty of inclosing a Copy* in mine to your Lordship, marked Xo. 2, I need not add any thing further on this Subject, than an assurance that nothing shall be left untried by me, as far as I have , to evince the Propriety of the choice which I have made of a Place to estab­ lish the Settlement. I have not been here a Fortnight, but in that Time I have wharf at constructed a Landing Place on Hunter's Island, whereat Boats Hunter's island. deliver with such Dispatch, that I shall have cleared the Ocean in another Week. I inclose some directions for entering this Harbour, together with a Chart, which may be useful to Ships coming to this Settle­ ment, and have the Honour to remain My Lord, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.] DIRECTIONS FOR SAILING INTO THE DERWENT RIVER. sailing FOR Ships Entering Storm Bay, either from the Eastward or entering the' Westward, Betsey's Island will be the most conspicuous Object Derwent river. and best mark to steer for (it appearing like an oblong high Hill, situated on the front low land, in the middle of the bottom part of the Bay) until a low Point with a small Island appears to the W.S.W. of it, which, with another Point laying West, forms the Entrance of the River Derwent. The Settlement is Situated about fourteen orfifteen Miles upon the left side of the River, in Latitude 42° 51' 35". The Channel thereto is bold and good, the Soundings regular from 14 to 20 fathoms; when abreast of Ralph's Bay, on the right Hand Shore, the Settlement will be in Sight, bearing about X.W. £ X.; steering a direct Course to it is a safe mode of Proceeding. WM. COLLINS Sullivan Cove, 1 March, 1804. •Note 129. 232 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. 4 March. (Despatch marked " Separate," per brig Lady Nelson and H.M.S. Calcutta.) Head Quarters, Camp, Sullivan's Cove, My Lord, Derwent River, 4th March, 1804. Appointment of I have the Honour to acquaint Your Lordship that, in of convicts ;6n pursuance of an Intimation communicated in a Letter from Mr. Sullivan of the 5th of April last, I have discharged Corporal Sutton from the Service on the 27th of February Ulto., and appointed him a Superintendent of Convicts. and of Finding that among the whole of the Prisoners embarked with carpenters. me jn ^e Calcutta, there was not one to whom I could give the direction of the Carpenters, Sawyers, etc., I was fortunately enabled to supply this Deficiency by the appointment of Mr. William Xicholls,* who came out in the Ocean as a Settler. He is a Carpenter by Profession, and is perfectly well qualified to undertake the Superintendence of that Department of our Artificers. His appointment is dated the 21st of January last, and I hope that I shall be enabled to Pay these two Superin­ tendents and the two Overseers their respective Salaries, from the Sale of the different Articles consigned to my Care, without loading the Civil List that is laid before Parliament. I hope that these appointments will meet your Lordship's Approbation; and Have,

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO UNDER SECRETARY SULLIVAN. (Despatch per brig Lady Nelson and H.M.S. Calcutta.) Head-Quarters Camp, Sullivan Cove, Sir, Derwent River, 4th March, 1804. Adverse report I am concerned to acquaint you that many of the articles stores. sent out for the Settlement intended to be formed in Bass's Straits have been constructed of very bad Materials. I have the following Observations to make on them:— The Axes in general are so soft that the commonest Wood will turn their Edges. Of the Gimblets, scarce one in a dozen will stand boring twice. The Iron is mostly rolled, not wrought, as it ought to have been. The Materials for making and mending the Convicts' Cloath­ ing are both very bad. The thread is nearly all rotten, and none of the Twist mentioned in the Invoice appears to have been sent out. The Ordnance has been put on board incomplete, and of the four Iron Guns, two of them are twelve-, and the other two * Note 16. KING TO COLLINS. 233

Six-Pounders, and these are, moreover, odd Guns. Of the Tri- 1804. angle, which was sent to weigh them, one of the Legs was found 4 March' entirely rotten. Adverse report _,, ",_,, . , . _ ,. , , . ,.,-.. on quality of The Shoes are of a bad Quality, and to add to this Orievance, .^ores. they have been sent all of a Size. In the Medical Department, the Surgeon has represented to me that most of the Instruments had been in use before they were put up for us, and many of them bear the mark of Evans, who has been succeeded by Stoddard. Of course we are deprived of the benefit which might accrue from the use of the late Improvements which have been introduced in those articles by Stoddard. As we have neither Glue, Borax, Resin, or a Bar of Steel, Articles that are indispensably necessary, I should hope a supply of each may be sent by the next conveyance. But while I am stating my Deficiencies I must do Justice to the Good quality People who packed the Provisions, as better Meat can nowhere be found, for it is better than any I have ever seen in Xew South Wales. I have found the Printing Press* of very great Utility, as you Printing press. will see, sir, by the Copies of my General Orders, which accom­ pany this for the Information of Lord Hobart. The Press would be more complete if the Type mentioned in the enclosed Paper were sent me out. I could also wish that such a Quantity of Paper for Printing as you should think proper might be for­ warded with the Type. From the hurry of the Business which I am at present un- inability to avoidably surrounded with, and the absence of the Commissary, who I left behind at Port Phillip to superintend the last Embark­ ation of the Stores and Provisions, it is not in my Power to send Home several Papers, Accounts, and Returns, which it is my Duty to do; but I have to request of you, Sir, to assure My Lord Hobart that every necessary Document shall be forwarded by the Ocean, which I hope will in three Months pursue her Voyage to China. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.] [Copies of the general orders will he found on pages 219 et seq. and 264 et seq.]

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per sloop Nancy; acknowledged bv lieutenant-governor Collins, 15th May, 1804.)* Sir, Sydney, Xew South Wales, April 16th, 1804. ie April. In Consequence of Instructions-}- received by me from My Lord Hobart, dated February 24th, 1803, to procure a Supply of

* Note 130: f Note 131. 234 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1804. Breeding Cattle for the Public Use of His Majesty's Settlement 16 April. under Your Command, I have made the enclosed Agreement with Agreement for Mr. Robert Campbell, for the delivery of a Certain Xumber of shipment of Cows at Sullivan Cove from the Lady Barlow, Captain McAskill, cattle to the Derwent. for which purpose Mr. Campbell has Used every endeavour to Cause that Vessel to be met with in the Straits, that no detention may be made in delivering you the Cattle as soon as possible. Five Receipts from the Deputy Commissary approved by you for the Xumbers Landed, agreeable to the Tenor of the enclosed Agreement will be Sufficient Vouchers for warranting the Com­ missary General to make Payment by my Order. If the Lady Barlow should be already Arrived and you have made any Agreement Or Promise with the Master, you will Observe by the Agreement, it is to stand good, And, in that Case, I request you would transact the payment yourself. 1 have, &c, PHILIP GIDLEY KING. [Enclosure.] [A copy of this agreement will be found on page 621, volume IV, series I.]

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 20 April. 20th April, 1804.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. — April, 1804. [Copies of these despatches are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch No. 9, per cutter Integrity.) Government House, Hobart Town, 24 April. Sir, Derwent River, 24th April, 1804. Having given my Orders to the Master of the Integrity to proceed to Sea upon receiving my Dispatches to Your Excel­ lency, I had closed them on Sunday last, the 22nd Inst., and he would in all probability have sailed with the land Wind on the following Morning had I not thought it requisite to detain her, Mutiny and from information which Capt'n Bowen came from Risdon Cove insurrection at to give me of not only a direct Mutiny that had that Morning Risdon cove. (Sunday, the 22nd Inst.), taken place among the Military there, but of an insurrection whick was in agitation among the Prisoners. Refusal of It appeared, from Capt'n Bowen's account, that the Men had military to mount guard. refused to mount the usual Guard, pleading that the duty was too COLLINS TO KING. 235 hard, and that their Constitutions could not bear it. I under- iso4. stood that there were at the time no less than six Xon-Commis- 24Apni. sioned Officers, viz., three Sergeants, three Corporals, established ^^'^ and Lance, which made a considerable diminution from the number of Privates who were to do duty as Centinels, which was still further reduced by Sickness, one also being absent with Mr. Brown on a Botanical Excursion and one being allowed to Lieut. Moore as an Attendant. The number of Centinels to be furnished from the few Privates remaining were three, viz., two at Mr. Bowen's Hut and one at the Store. Had the Soldiers pointed out the Grievance, as became them, nothing unpleasant might have happened; but instead of stating that they could not, they said they would not Mount the Guard. Captain Bowen secured one, who appeared to be the principal, Arrest of of the name of Carr, and him he confined. ringleader. Upon his speaking on this subject to Lieut. Moore, and sug­ gesting the necessity of reducing some of the Xon-Commissioned Officers to the Ranks, he told him that, being directed by Lieut.- Col. Paterson to put himself under my Command, he could not take any step until he had received my Directions. For these Directions Directions Capt. Bowen waited upon me, and I made such acoiifns. arrangements as I thought would give another Centinel for Duty, to clo which I was obliged to direct Lieut. Moore to send his Servant to the Ranks. Capt'n Bowen then stated that he had received information information re that the Convicts were to rise in a Body, surprise the Guard comicts.101 (which had no Centinel before their Door), then repairing to his Hut (Mr. Mountgarrett's), they were to destroy the Centinels, murder him and those who were under the same Roof. It was stated that they knew they would be readily joined by some of my people here; but the Derwent being unfortunately between us, they could not expect any Co-operation from this side of the water. For the final arrangement of the Scheme they were to meet to­ gether at the Store on the Monday, and Capt'n Bowen determined to wait for the further information which he was promised of their Intentions and Proceedings at that Meeting. While he was with me at this place Lieut. Moore ordered an inspection of the Arms of the Detachment. I am concerned to state that the Conduct of the Soldiers at this time was so directly subversive of every principle of Military Subordination, particularly on the part of Carr, who was at that soldiers placed time in Confinement (as above stated), that he found it necessary ullrons- to put Irons upon him and two others (Brookes and Page), and, upon the return of Capt'n Bowen, send them to this place. 236 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1804. Lieut. Moore, who accompanied them, brought with him the written 24 April. Testimony of the two Serjeants, Johnston and Prentice, who were Statements re present at the whole of the business. Upon perusing these conduct of military. (Copies of which and of some others I have the honor to inclose), I deemed it expedient for the safety of both Settlements to secure these people in the best manner I could, and accordingly sent them, with a Guard, on board the Cutter. Court-martial I have no doubt but that, on a view of these dangerous proceed­ proposed. ings, Your Excellency will direct them to be tried by a General Court-Martial for the Crime of Mutiny. As it is impossible to send with them the Evidence necessary to prove their guilt, I hope their remaining in Confinement until these can be sent will be no obstacle to their Meeting the Punishment to which they are so justly entitled. Servant for Lieut. Moore stating to me that his Hut was situated at a dis­ W. Moore. tance from any Military Protection (indeed they are all too much scattered), I consented to his request of retaining his Servant, who, he said, was absolutely necessary to his personal safety, and, by directing the two Serjeants to do Corporal's duty, and some other Regulations, an addition was still made of three Privates on duty. Sentinel at I recommended to Captain Bowen to withdraw one Centinel guard-house. from his Hut, and Post him at the Door of the Guard-House, as the Prisoners placed their Dependance in finding the Guard asleep. - Inability to The Clergyman, the Rev'd Mr. Knopwood, had accompanied hold divine Capt'n Bowen on his return to Risdon Cove, for the purpose of service. performing Divine Service there in the afternoon; but on their arrival they found the Settlement in too much Confusion to admit of the People being assembled for that purpose. Another I heard nothing more from thence until four o'Clock the next soldier in day (Monday), when Capt'n Bowen brought down Prickett, confinement. another Soldier, who had made use of the Mutinous Expressions contained in the enclosed information, and at his request I sent him on board the Cutter. As that gentleman will, no doubt, give your Excellency a sufficient detail of his proceedings in this Business, I shall for­ bear troubling you with a relation which can contain nothing Request for more than what I have heard from him; But I cannot avoid removal of observing to Your Excellency that it will be highly expedient to establishment at Risdon remove to Sydney all the dangerous Members of the Military and to Sydney. Civil Part of the Establishment now at Risdon Cove. From the unsoldierlike Conduct of the Detachment, I cannot think they are at all to be trusted, and among the prisoners there are several COLLINS TO KING. 237

daring, flagitious, and desperate Characters, who I can by no iso4. means desire to be mixed with mine. You will know with what " Ap"' rapidity the Schemes of these people are embraced, and that Request for , , , 11 -r-l- - i- i -M---I- -n removal of nothing but a strong and well Disciplined Military iorce can establishment keep them in proper subjection. There certainly can no longer ** fy^ey. be any advantage in maintaining an Establishment at Risdon Creek, as I am settled in a much more eligible situation; and should, therefore, hope that the removal of these people may as speedily be effected as Your Excellency may have it in your power. . I have written to Lieut.-Col. Paterson, and enclosed to him, as Commanding Officer of the Regiment, the crime for which the four Soldiers have been confined, as delivered to me by Lieut. Moore. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosures.] [Copies of these papers are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch No. 10, per sloop Nancy; acknowledged by Governor King, 30th September, 1804.) Sir, Hobart Town, Derwent River, 15th May, 1804. 15 May. On the •6th Instant by the arrival of the Xancy, Sloop, I Despatches had the Honor of receiving your Excellency's several Letters of ac now e ge ' the 16th and 20th Ultimo, together with a Duplicate of a Letter of the 14th February sent by the Integrity, Cutter. It afforded me much satisfaction tofind that my having Estab- Approval of lished the Settlement at this place had'met with your Appro­ bation, and I beg leave to offer my thanks to Your Excellency for the Attention which you have been pleased to manifest for the Welfare of my Infant Colony, not only in supplying me with the several Articles which I applied for, but in having destined the valuable Cargo of the Lady Barlow to this Settlement. That Preparations Ship has not yet appeared, but I am preparing a Shed, and an Inclosure of several Acres of Ground for the reception of the Cattle, which I anxiously wish may speedily arrive. I am well acquainted with the small size of the Bengal Cows, but I shall hope to improve the Breed considerably by a cross with a very fine young Cape Bull, that I hope is at this time not very distant from me in the Ocean, Store Ship. Xothing very material has occurred in my district since the departure of the Integrity Cutter, but the inclosed Copy of a Letter from Lieut: Moore (who had been left in Charge of the 238 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1804. people at Risdon Cove during a few days that Captn. Bowen was 15 May. absent on an Excursion to the River Huon) will inform your Affray with Excellency of a visit from the Xatives, which from its hostile natives at Appearance, as stated in the Letter, was rendered fatal to them, Risdon cove. three of them having been Killed upon the Spot. Xot having been present myself, I must take it for granted that the measures which were pursued were unavoidable; but I have reason to fear Adverse effects that, from the vindictive Spirit of these People, I may hereafter anticipated. feel the unfortunate Effects of them. I am the rather led to suppose this will be the Case, from the Crew of the Black Cutter, which I had sent to the opposite Shore to collect Oyster Shells a few days subsequent to this transaction, having been assaulted by a numerous Party of Xatives and beat off with Stones and Clubs. I well know that these indiscriminating Savages will Consider every White Man as their Enemy, and will if they have Opportunity revenge the Death of their Companions upon those who had no share in the Attack, but I shall make a Point, if it ever is in my power, of doing away the Evil Impressions, which by this and a former Affair they may have received of our disposi­ tions towards them. Conciliatory In the view of effecting something towards this desirable End, measures I have signified to Captn. Bowen my directions that a Xative adopted towards natives. Boy of about 3 Years of Age, who was taken in the late Busi­ ness, might be returned to any Party of Xatives that might be seen in the Xeighbourhood of Risdon Cove. This' Child, who is with Mr. Mountgarrett, has been baptized* by our Chaplain (with­ out my knowledge or Consent having been asked) and I under­ stand that Gentlemen intended to take him with him to England. As I cannot forsee any advantage, which could arise from this Step, and having understood from the late , that His Majesty had on the return of Bennillong from England expressed his desire that not another Xative should be brought home from Xew South Wales, I judged it expedient to direct that the Child be returned to his own People, who might if they never saw it again, imagine we had destroyed it. We have every reason to believe them to be Cannibals, and they may entertain the same Opinion of us. Command of I lost no time, after the.Receipt of Your Excellency's Dispatch, settlement at in taking the Commandf of the Settlement at Risdon Cove. A Risdon cove assumed bv Copy of the General Order, which I gave out on this Occasion is D. Collins. inclosed. I at the same time signified to Captn. Bowen, and the Officers late under his orders, that they were to return to Port Jackson in the Ocean, with such of the Prisoners as, pursuant to Your Excellency's Intimation to me, I may think it necessary to send hence at the same time. I am not thoroughly possessed

* Note 132. f Note 109. COLLINS TO KING. 239 of Mr. Mountgarrett's determination, but I imagine it will be to isoi. return. In point of Accomodation in the Ocean, I am well isiiu. assured that Mr. Mertho will do everything in his power to give them no room for Complaint. The two settlers, Clark and Birt,* have made their Election to Decision of remain, and wish to have their Farms on the other side of the remain. River, nearly opposite this Cove; but having Cropped their Ground at Risdon Oove, they are desirous of remaining there until they have reaped the Fruit of their Labours. If they do not alter their determination upon the final departure of the Ocean, I shall leave at that place a small Guard of the Xew South Wales Corps under the Charge of a Xon Commissioned Officer for their Protection. I have requested Captn. Bowen to give each of these Men Encouragement two Ewes, and as all the Ewes there are with Lamb, Your Ex- ° se cellency's liberality to them will in that point be extended. I have promised them to discharge all Debts and Demands which they may clearly appear to have upon Government, and shall not fail to give them every Encouragement they can reasonably de­ sire. I perceive by your Instructions* to Captn. Bowen, that as firfet Settlers they had been promised 200 Acres each. I think the quantity rather large, particularly as the Allotments of those Settlers who accompanied me from England consist only of 100 Acres each; but if it is Your Excellency's desire they certainly shall have their Farms measured to the full extent of your promise. Mr. Hartley,! for whose Letter I thank Your Excellency, wishes Application to remain at Risdon Cove and has applied to me for Permission ™aHartiev. " to Build a Craft." As by my Instructions I cannot comply with this request without your previous Consent, I shall not do it, until this is received, and I have desired him to state his views in writing, which, if he does before this Letter is closed, I shall transmit them. I know that he came out with the sanction of Government to engage in the Seal Fishery, but I am of Opinion he ought to be confined to that Speculation, and tied down in severe Prohibitions and Penalties not to Smuggle or carry on any Trade whatsoever with any Vessel or Vessels which may resort to this Place. Deeming it more convenient to remove the Public Stores from Transfer of Risdon Cove at this time, than to delay it until the arrival of tores from Risdon cove. the Ocean, I have caused them to be brought hither, leaving nothing but the two Carronades, some Ammunition and a few Tools which Captn. Bowen requested might remain for the Em­ ployment of the Camp Gang, and I shall direct the Commissary on his arrival to give the necessary Receipts for them to the

* Note 133. t Note S3. 240 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Storekeeper. Lieut. Moore representing to me that the Pro­ 15 May. visions at that Settlement were expended, I caused a Supply for Rations for one Month for the numbers there at the full Ration to be sent settlement at Risdon cove. thither on the 5th instant, and I shall take care that the Persons who will proceed to Sydney in the Ocean are properly Victualled for the Passage. Receipts for I shall transmit to the Commissary a Receipt for the Pro­ provisions. visions and other Articles, which have beeri received from the Xancy, and I now inclose one to Your Excellency by which you will perceive that the White Paint was deficient 4 Pounds and that the Junk has not been received. This useful Article I hope will be sent by the next Conveyance. General order re I trust that that part of Your Excellency's General Order* of unauthorized the 24th March last, which prohibits the Masters of Ships from passengers on ships to the receiving or bringing of any Person from or to this Settlemenc Derwent. without being properly Authorized thereto, will tend effectually to prevent such an improper proceeding and you may be assured, Sir, that I will most readily give every Assistance in my power towards enforcing a Regulation so very Judicious. Upon this as on many other points, I cannot but be sensible of Your Ex­ cellency's readiness to second my Endeavours for the Welfare of this Settlement, and the good of His Majesty's Service; and I shall at all times feel that much may result to both by my adopting any Regulations which Your Excellency's long Experi­ ence in conducting the affairs of such Colonies as these may dictate. Alienation Upon perusing the Order* of the 5th of February respecting of stock the Alienation of Stock allowed to Settlers, I perceive that Your to settlers. Excellency has limited the Settlers property in such Stock to commence at the Third Generation; my Instructions upon this subject state, that the Stock so given is '' to be considered as totally unalienable till the second Generation, but that, if the Ewe and thefirst Lam b are preserved, the second and all future Lambs may be sold at the Will of the Proprietor"—This dif­ ference between Your Excellency's Order and my Instructions, I imagine proceeds from the Superior value of the Stock which that order is intended to preserve. I have nevertheless informed the two Settlers Birt and Clark, that the produce of their Sheep is to be unalienable until the third Generation, explaining to them that thefirst an d Second Lambs are to be considered as the property of .die Crown. It will be necessary to guard against Impositions, either to withdraw at a proper time, or so mark these Lambs that they may always be known to be the property of and at the disposal of Government.

* Note 134. COLLINS TO KING. 241 I am not able to give Your Excellency any further Information 1804, respecting Duce, than what I sent by the Integrity. If he ever 15 May- comes into my possession I shall certainly keep him in Confine­ ment until an Opportunity occurs of sending him to Port Jackson. I believe our insular situation is so well known among my Prisoners, as to prevent their making any attempts to reach China or Port Jackson by Land; against their making any by Precautions Water, I shall adopt every precaution that I can devise. My ofconvictsape Boats are at present constantly fastened at Xight to a Mooring by sea. Chain that is locked, and which is immediately under the Eye •of a Centinel, and I am constructing a Boat House on Hunter's Island which will I hope effectually secure them from Seizure, without the Guard should be Corrupted, which I trust is very improbable. I was relieved from much anxiety by reading that part of your Irish Letter which states the defeat of the rash, but well planned inT^w.0" Designs of the Irish Insurgents* at Castle Hill. I fortunately have but few from that Country with me, and of them I have no Apprehensions; nevertheless I shall take the precaution of having their Proceedings narrowly watched. I am well aware that far more labour is obtained from the Prisoners by Task Task or day than by Day work, yet I cannot but prefer the latter on the prin- convict! ciple that the less time these people have to themselves, the less Opportunity they can have of concerting Mischief. I have it is true, in Order to prepare a Quantity of Ground for Wheat, allowed the Gang employed at the Farm to be tasked, and it has answered my purpose; but it is a practice which I shall not continue. Robert Walsh,f. whose Letter was inclosed in yours, was left at Application Port Phillip; I am however extremely glad that I am acquainted fromR' Walsh with his wishes to be removed to Port Jackson. I imagine that Your Excellency was informed by Captn. Bowen of his purposing to leave 8 of his people, whom he had Convicts reason to believe were disaffected upon one of the Islands in m™,one,d T^ J -1 TT T-t 1 0I1 1?land- Jbredenck Henry Bay; he accordingly took them to Smooth Island, where he landed them with a Month's Provisions, after which he proceeded to the River Huon; upon an Excursion over- Excursion to land to that River, Messrs. Brown and Humphreys have now been Huon river' absent 14 Days—Captn. Bowen did not proceed far up that River, but he does not speak at all favourably of what he saw of it.—I shall have the Honor of sending you by the Ocean such Par­ ticulars of their Excursion as I may obtain from the two Gentle­ men on their return, and I hope to be able to transmit an Eye Survey of the Derwent River from Risdon Cove to its Source b3' the same Conveyance. SER. III. VOL. I—Q * Note 135. j Note 16. 242 HISTORICAL RECORDS OE AUSTRALIA.

1804. By that Ship I shall also send Returns of my Xumbers, Pro­ 15 May. visions, Stock, etc. made out according to the Forms inclosed in Returns to be your last Letter, Copies of which I shall likewise transmit to the transmitted. Secretary of State. In reply to that Passage of your Letter, which recommends my keeping the Public Stock in one Herd or Flock, until the In­ Distribution of crease will admit of their being distributed to the Settlers, live stock except to some of the most approved of that description of to settlers. People, it had always been my intention not to allow any valuable Stock to them until they were put in possession of their Grants, which I shall not apply for, until I shall be convinced from their Exertions, Abilities, and Propriety of Conduct, that they are deserving of being trusted with Stock, and are likely to support themselves independant of the Public Stores. Failure of seed. From trials which I have caused to be made of the English Wheat and Rye, I am sorry to state, that it will not vegetate, and unfortunately much of the Wheat sent by the Integrity is injured by the Weevil. I certainly very much regret the failure of the English Seed, but that which happily I procured at the Cape is in excellent Condition. I have compleated the Engagement entered into by Your Ex­ cellency with the Owner of the Xancy as you will perceive by the Master's Receipt which is inclosed. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.' [Enclosure No. 1.]

LIEUTENANT MOORE TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. Sir, Risdon Cove, "7th May, 1804. Report on Agreeable to your desire I have the honour of acquainting affray with natives at you with the Circumstances that led to the attack on the Xatives. Risdon cove. which you will perceive was the consequence of their own hostile Appearance. It would appear from the numbers of them and the Spears etc. with which they were armed, that their design was to attack us, however it was not till they had thoroughly convinced me of their Intentions by using violence to a Settler's wife and my own Servant who was returning into Camp with some Kangaroos, One of which they took from him, that they werefired upo n on their coming into Camp, and Surrounding it. I went towards them withfive Soldiers, their appearance and numbers I thought very far from friendly; during this time I was informed that a party of them was beating Birt. the Settler, at his farm. I then dispatched Two Soldiers to his assistance, with orders not to fire COLLINS TO KING. 243 if they could avoid it; however they found it necessary, and one 1804. was killed on the Spot, and another was found Dead in the 15 May" Vnllpv Report on Z.y' , . • • n i 1 affray with But at this time a great party was in Camp, and on a proposal natives at from Mr. Mountgarrett tofire on e of the Carronades to intimi- Risdon cove. date them they dispersed. Mr. Mountgarrett with Some Soldiers and Prisoners followed them Some distance up the Yalley, and had reason to Suppose more were wounded, as one was seen to be taken away bleeding; during the Time they were in Camp a number of old men were perceived at the foot of the Hill near the Valley employed in preparing spears. I have now Sir, as near as I can recollect given you the .leading particulars and hope there has nothing been done but what you approve of. I have, &c, WILLM. MOORE, Lieut: X.S.W. Corps.

[Enclosure No. 2.] [This was a copy of the order dated 8th May, 180k; see page 268.]

[Enclosures Nos. 3 and 4.] [Copies of these receipts are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. 16th May, 1804. ie May. [A copy of this letter, acknowledged by Governor King, 30th September, 180k, is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per sloop Nancy; acknowledged by Governor King, 30th September, 1804.) Sir, Hobart Town, Derwent River, 17th of May, 1804. 17 May. Since closing my letter of the 15th Inst., I have received Claims made by the written Statement of Mr. Hartley's Expectations and Claims gunmen"" of which the enclosed is a Copy. Having already given my Opinion respecting the Craft which he wishes to build, I shall only observe, that I cannot think him entitled to any Compensation for his House and Garden at Port Phillip or for the Hut which he purchased at Risdon Cove, since, as to thefirst, his was no more than the common Disappointment which we all experienced in notfinding an Eligible Situation for the Settlement at Port Phillip, and, as to the latter, it has been entirely his own Act. I found him on my arrival landed from 244 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. the Lady Xelson and under a Tent near the landing Place. On ay' my removal hither he might have followed me, and been accomo- ciaims made by dated as the other Settlers were, but he chose to remain there for government. his own Convenience and Interest, which I am persuaded he will never lose sight of. With respect to his Settling at King's Island, I am not in­ structed to send any Settlers thither, and were 1, Mr. Hartley would not exactly be the Person I should select. His views are wholly Commercial, and therefore more Calculated to benefit himself, than to assist Government, which I conceive to be the great utility of Settlers. I have not time to enter further into this subject at present, and have only to request to be favored with Your Excellency's Sentiments thereon. I remain, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.]

MR. JOHN HARTLEY* TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. Sir, Risdon, Derwent River, May 16th, 1804. Statement of In Compliance to your desire, I have deliberately con­ claims by J. Hartley. sidered the advantages to be derived from settling, and agreeable to a further request from you, transmit my Statements on an­ other Head in writing. As my injured Health will not admit of the laborious part of Cultivating Lands, must adopt a mode more suitable with the favorable views presented me prior to my entering on this Ex­ pedition in England; If I ask what cannot be granted please transmit me your Sentiments in writing, with leave to be con­ veyed with my Wife, Boy, Joseph and property, by the first conveyance to England or Port Jackson. Statements. A Craft suitable to stand these Seas, Dimensions as large as may be allowed with leave that others have in these Seas. For the present a 25 foot Keel'd Boat with assistance to build her agreeable to former promises. Town Lot, House for Self and Family. Compensation for House, Garden, etc., at Port Phillip. Do. Do. at Risdon. Having at former periods volunteer'd for King's Island, should it become a Settlement, request the Indulgence to go there the first Opportunity. Servants as can be granted for a limited time. Rations as can be granted for a limited time. I have, &c, JN. HARTLEY.

* Note S3. KING TO COLLINS. 245

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. ISO4. 21 Mav. 21st May, 1804. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 23rd July, 1804. 23 July. [The following extract only of this despatch is available:—] THE enclosed Copies of my General Orders and those of Lieut. Proposed Governor Foveaux will inform You of the Terms, on which the island Settlers are to be removed from Xorfolk Island* to Port Dal- settlers- rymple, or any other new Settlement under this Government. I have, therefore, to request You will inform me what Xumber of Settlers can be disposed of at the Derwent, And be assured that none but good Characters shall be sent. If it is Your wish not to have any, It shall be complied with. But, from the habits of Industry they have been accustomed to, I think their Example in that respect would benefit Your Settlement. However, I shall not force any of them on You, if it is not with Your concurrence.

[Enclosure No. 1.] [Governor King's general order, dated 20th July, 180k, will be found on page 88, volume V, series I.]

[Enclosure No. 2.] GENERAL ORDER, 8th May, 1804, consequent on the Right Honor- General order able Lord Hobart's Despatch. ™ traiSfoT , 8th May, 1804. ^'folk iXid WHEREAS, in consequence of the Lieutenant Governor having received a_Despatch from the Right Honorable Lord Hobart, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, directing that a part of the Establishment of this Island should be removed, together with a proportion of Settlers and Convicts to Port Dalrymple on the Southern Coast of Van Dieman's Land, And His Lordship having expressed a Wish that this measure should be carried into effect with as little delay as possible, The Lieut. Governor, therefore, being desirous that the Settlers so disposed to remove should have the earliest information, and that they should clearly understand the Terms upon which such Removal will take place, has judged it expedient to point out His Lordship's instructions thereon. His Lordship directs that every Facility and Accommodation should be granted the Settlers in the Embarkation and Transport of their live and dead Stock at the Public Expense, such part of the former, as it may be necessary for the Settlers to leave on the Island, shall be paid for at a fair valuation, in Money, or in such Articles of Cloathing, etca., as the Public Stores of may contain; and, with respect to th* Note Lande 136s. which the Settlers may vacate, upon a regular Surrender of them to Government, the Parties will 24G HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1804. become entitled to Grants at the New Settlement at Port Dalrymple, 23 July. or any of the New Settlements to be formed under the Government of General order the Territory, in the proportion of Four acres for every acre they may by J. Foveaux have brought under cultivation at Norfolk Island, and of Two Acres re transfer of for every Acre of Waste Land; And further, that the Persons so settlers from Norfolk island. removing shall be entitled to Rations for themselves, and for each individual in their respective Families, during the Term of Twelve months after their arrival in any of the Settlements, during which period they will severally be allowed the Labour of two Convicts, and be otherwise assisted in every respect as New Settlers are accustomed to be assisted. And Whereas His Excellency the Governor in Chief is directed to send such of the Colonial or other Vessels belonging to the Crown, together with any Ships he may be enabled to engage for the carrying of this Plan into effect as early as possible: The Lieutenant Governor, therefore, desires that such of the Settlers, as may be disposed to remove to any of these Settlements, do give in an exact account of the Land they are now in possession of, dis­ tinguishing the number of Acres that have been brought under Culti­ vation, also the Quantity of Waste Land. The Lieutenant Governor directs that such Persons do be correct in giving in these accounts, with which they are to attend in person on Monday Morning next at Ten o'Clock at Government House; and, previous to the surrender, a Survey thereof wull be taken by the Acting DeputLIEUTENANT-GOVERNOy Surveyor. R COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. (Despatch No. 4, per ship Ocean.) Hobart Town, Derwent River, 31 July. My Lord, Van Dieman's Land, 31st July, 1S04. Should my Dispatches by His Majesty's Ship Calcutta arrive in safety in England, Your Lordship will have learned the Establishment of the greater part of the Settlement intended for Port Phillip, at this Place. I have now the Honour to transmit Copies of those Dispatches (as numbered in the Margin*), and Arrival of to acquaint Your Lordship, that after much Anxiety and appre­ ship Ocean at hension for her Safety, the Ocean anchoredf in this Cove from the Derwent. Port Phillip, on the 25th Ulto., having been thirty two days in her Passage thence, the which was protracted to that length, by her meeting with much tempestuous Weather, common I appre­ hend to this Season of the Year. I am truly concerned to state to Your Lordship, that in conse­ quence of the delay and extreme bad Weather on the Voyage, a Loss of very large Portion of the valuable and increasing Stock, which live stock. I had left behind me at Port Phillip, has been lost. The Season of the Year was much against them, but on my Embarkation on board the Ocean in the Month of January last, I could not foresee

No. 2, No. 3, Separate 29 Feby., Separate 1st March. f Note 123. COLLINS TO HOBART. 247 or expect, that the Month of June would have nearly elapsed, 1804. before the remainder of the Establishment should have joined me. siJuiy. I knew that the distance between Port Phillip and the Derwent Arrangements might very easily be run in ten or twelve days, and therefore con- fr0m Port eluded that the removal of the whole Establishment might have PhllllP- been effected, before the bad Weather sat in. In this Persuasion, and being anxious to get some Seed into the Ground before the proper Season should elapse, I determined on bringing with me the Major part of the Prisoners and Settlers, leaving the Stock to follow, which I trusted by this arrangement would (in point of room) be better accommodated. I certainly cannot but regret the loss of the Stock, of which the amount will be seen in the inclosed return; but I am happy to have it in my Power to acquaint Your Lordship that Governor King informs me, he had entered into a contract with a merchant shipment of at Port Jackson to land two Hundred Head of Bengal cattle in to arrive. this Settlement from a Ship, which was expected at the time he wrote to be in the Straits. For their reception I have prepared an Inclosure at the Government Farm, which as they have not yet arrived, I shall perfect by erecting Sheds and forming a Stock Yard, that will be at all times ready for whatever may arrive. From the little experience I have had of the Weather here, I Notes on perceive that the Winter is not the time for Shipping to approach c lmate' the Coast, particularly if coming from the northward. During the Month of May last, the Weather at the Settlement was serene and pleasant, while at the Harbour's Mouth, and of course at Sea it was blowing a Gale of Wind. After that Period it was very bad in the river, and I have no doubt but this is the rainy Season. When the small Establishment which was sent to Ris­ don Cove by Governor King arrived there in September last, they found sufficient fresh Water in the Cove to deem it a per­ manent Supply. Upon my arrival, the fresh Water, which, in September was a running Stream, was then confined to a few Pools of dirty standing Water, and as they are now little better, I conclude the heaviest rains will be in the Month of August. To meet this unfavourable Season, I have nearly got all my People under Cover, and I hope in a few days to have a Store Erection of House completed that will contain all my dry Goods and most of stor*°n|e and my Provisions. Between the departure and arrival of the Ocean, I constructed of Stone, cemented with Shell Lime, (the only material for that Article as yet discovered), two rooms of a Magazine, one of which holds all my Powder. To effect this I was obliged to appoint as 248 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Superintendent of Convicts, a Person who I found here as a 31 July. Settler. He appears perfectly Master of his Business as a Stone Appointment of Mason, and well qualified to deal with the People whom I have R. Clarke as placed under his immediate Superintendence. I have engaged supt. of convicts. him for twelve Months at the same Salary as the other Superin­ tendents, and I have no doubt but the benefit, which I shall derive from his abilities, will amply compensate for the additional expence incurred by the appointment. As most of the Public Buildings will be of Stone, he proposes taking a certain Xumber of the Younger Convicts under his Tuition, and forming them as Stone Masons; a proposal I certainly shall encourage and attend to. His Xame will be found in the list of Superintendents. I inclose your Lordship a return of the Ground which I have Prospects of in Cultivation, and I have much satisfaction in stating that the agriculture. Wheat and other Grain, which I have caused to be sown, wears a very promising appearance. It was a fortunate Circumstance that I touched at the Cape of Good Hope in my Passage out, for not a Grain of the English Seed Corn has vegetated, owing to its having been heated upon the Passage, whereas all the Cape Seed. and what I received from Sydney, is now thriving luxuriantly, and will I trust continue so to do until it is reaped. Disposal of I have retained but very few (nine) of the People which I convicts from found settled at Risdon Cove, the Officer, who was in the direction Risdon cove. of that Settlement, describing them as a worthless and desperate Set of Wretches, Eight of whom had been banished by him, during the time he had the Command, to an Island in Storm Bay, upon suspicion of harbouring some Mutinous design. From the difficulty, which presented itself at this Season of the Year, of supplying them with Provisions at stated Periods, I judged it adviseable to remove them to this Settlement, which I did, and employed them in such Labour as they were able to perform, keeping them in one Gang under a Vigilant Overseer, and lodging them in a Tent close by the Guard. Being mostly of the Class of United Irishmen, I have sent them to Port Jackson, not chusing to introduce any such description of People among those I brought with me, until my Military Force shall be better cal­ culated from its strength to watch over them. Upon my arrival at Risdon Cove I did notfind an y Ground in Cultivation on Government Account, but there were two Set­ Cultivation at tlers,* Free Men, sent thither by Governor King, who had prepared Risdon cove. aboutfive Acres each for sowing.—To these I issued Seed Wheat sufficient to crop their Grounds, and receiving an application from the Surgeon of that Establishment, who had about four Acres ready, I also supplied him with Grain enough to sow them.

* Note 137. COLLINS TO HOBART. 249

As the Ground was cleared, I thought it my Duty tofill it with 1804. Seed, since the Settlement would be benefited by the Produce, but one of the Settlers* and the Surgeon returning to Sydney, I have taken their Grounds into my Hands. I have gained by the Departure of the People from Risdon ^^£om Cove an addition to the Public Stock of One Bull, Xine Cows Bisdoncove. and Seven Calves, twenty nine Sheep and Sixteen Lambs. The Bull has been accustomed to draw, and he is now very usefully employed at the Harrow at the Government Farm, whither I have sent him and the Major part of the Cows and Calves. The Cows are of the Bengal Breed, and consequently small, but the Breed will be considerably improved by a Cross with a Cape Bull. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

[Enclosure No. 1.]

LIST of Stock lost in the Passage from Port Phillip to the ^^ }^m Derwent. Port Phillip. 18 Sheep, 17 Hogs, 10 Ducks, 1 Male Goat, 6 Fowls. >

[Enclosure No. 2.] RETURN of Ground in Cultivation at the Government Farm near Return of land T-^ , m -r -, in cultivation. Hobart Town July 1804. Wheat: 19% Acres; Oats: 1% Acres; Rye: 2% Acres.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. (Despatch marked "Separate," per ship Ocean.) Hobart Town, Derwent River, My Lord, Van Dieman's Land, 31st July, 1804. R r n of I have the Honour to inclose your Lordship a Return of ^t a r the Military Force under my Command, by which it will appear that I am two deficient of the Number I brought with me from England, one by the Discharge of Corporal Sutton, and one by Death: this Man brought his Disease with him from England and had never done much Duty in the Colony. One of the Serjeants is so afflicted with the Rheumatism, that I hardly ever expect to see him on the Parade again, and one of the Privates ought together with the Serjeant to be invalided and sent to England, if I had a Ship bound thither direct. These Circumstances lead me to hope Your Lordship will cause the present Establishment to be strengthened. I would have

* Note 137. 250 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. retained some of the Xew South Wales Corps with me which I 31 July. found here, but of the small Party which had been sent hither, Detachment of one had prior to my arrival been sent to Sydney for robbing the N.S.W. corps Store House, and four others I sent thither myself upon the sent to Sydney. serious charge of Mutiny. The trouble, which might attend bringing the remainder into a proper state of discipline, induced me to send the whole away, and they are now on board the Ocean bound to Port Jackson, where alone a General Court Martial can be assembled to correct and Punish their Evil Propensities. Until I was joined by the Detachment from Port Phillip the Commendation Duty was rather hard upon the Men; I have however the satis­ of detachment faction to say it was chearfully performed, and I have much of marines. obligation to 2nd Lt. Lord the Officer who accompanied me, for his attention and vigilance at all times. As the Office of Bar­ rack Master will be necessary when Barracks are built, which I hope will be done in the course of the ensuing Summer, I pur­ pose appointing him to be Barrack Master, and I should hope your Lordship would do me the Honor to approve of, and promote his appointment with the Admiralty. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

[Enclosure.] Return of RETURN of a Detachment of the Royal Marines on Service at detachment of marines. Hobart Town, Derwent River, Van Dieman's Land 27th July 1804. At Hobart Town: Lt. Col. and Captn., 1; 1st Lieuts., 2; 2d Lieuts., 1; Serjts., 3; Corpls., 3; Drumrs., 2; Privates, 37. DAVID COLLIXS.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch No. 12, per ship Ocean; acknowledged by Governor King, 30th September, 1804.) Hobart Town, Derwent River, Sir, Van Dieman's Land, 31st July, 1804. Arrival of The satisfaction, that I experienced when I saw the Ocean ship Ocean at the Derwent. anchor in Sullivan Cove on the 25th Ulto., was considerably lessened on learning that she had had a tempestuous Passage* of Thirty two days from Port Phillip, during which by far the greater part of the Stock, which I had left behind me, had either died or been killed. The inclosed Return will shew the number

* Note 123. COLLINS TO KING. 251 embarked, and, by comparing it with the return of those which isoi. were landed, you will perceive the loss which the Settlement has sl July' sustained. Upon how many Accounts have I to regret, Sir, the hasty Effects of determination of Captain Woodriff to proceed to Sydney fromrefusal t^assis t Port Phillip. That Officer being absent, I am unwilling to intro- in removal of duce the subject; but the Facts themselves, which have occurred in consequence of that resolution, speak so forcibly that, were I totally silent, they would nevertheless be known. The consider­ able expence incurred by four Months additional Hire of the Ocean would certainly have been avoided. The Stock would have been preserved, and every work, which I have in Hand, would have been considerably forwarded, had the whole of the Establishment been landed together in January last, which it might have been. Xeither do I think that any Mutiny would have taken place at Risdon Cove, had it been known that a Court Martial could have been assembled under my authority to take Cognizance of Offences committed by the Military there, I too have felt an inconvenience from the want of such a Tribunal, which I cannot but ascribe to the knowledge that it was not in my Power to convene such a Court. The Ocean brought me in a large Sick List, mostly of Scor- Prevalence butic Patients; indeed the Scurvy had of late began to shew ofscurvJ"- itself among the People who came with me, but the fresh Meat, which I have been enabled to give the Sick through the abun­ dance of Kangaroos which we still meet with, will I hope soon subdue it; and I trust now that we are altogether, I shall not meet with any more unpleasant Disappointments. I shall now proceed to the Transactions of this Settlement. From the uncertainty of the Weather being always favourable .convicts for supplying the Eight Prisoners, sent by Mr. Bowen from ^[°kndd for Risdon Cove to Hope Island, at the Periods when such supply punishment. might become necessary, and considering the loss of their Labour, I removed them from thence prior to the arrival of the Ocean, and lodging them in a Tent, pitched in the Marine Square* adjoining the Grand Tent, I employed them at such work under an Overseer as was necessary about the Town. Finding them destitute of Cloathing and Covering during the Xight, I could not consistently with any Degree of Humanity exact any. Labour from them in that wretched State, and accordingly supplied them with a Suit of Cloathing and a Blanket each. As they have been invariably spoken of to me as desperate and worthless char­ acters, I have sent them to Sydney by the Ocean. Of the two Settlers, Birt and Clarke, the former proceeds to Sydney agreeable to his own determination, signified in my last

* Note 138. 252 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Dispatches to your Excellency. Clarke, I have engaged for a 31 July. twelve Month as a Superintendent, and have given him the Appointment of direction of the Stonemasons, Bricklayers and Limeburners, and R. Clarke as supt. of have moreover assured him that every Expectation, held out to convicts. him by your Excellency, shall be fulfilled. He is at present employed in completeing a Magazine,* which whenfinished will I hope do him and the Projector, Mr. Collins, much credit. His next work will be a Stone Store House upon Hunter's Island, where I am now erecting a temporary wooden Building, which will contain all my Stores and part of my dry Provisions. Prior to the arrival of the Ocean, all the Military and Pris­ oners, whom I then had with me, were in Huts; and I hope the remainder will be as comfortably situated in a short time. On Removal of the departure of the People from Risdon Cove, I shall be some­ building material from what benefited by the Frame work of several Huts, which will be Risdon cove. left standing there, which I shall remove hither. Prospects of I have the pleasure to acquaint you that all the Grain, which agriculture. I have seen, looks and promises extremely well I inclose a Return of the Ground in cultivation, which would have been doubled, had the whole of the Establishment landed here to­ gether. The Settlers, who came with me from England, do not hold out much hopes of my drawing any aid from their Exer­ tions. This I speak with one or two Exceptions. I have, how­ ever, to observe that as yet they have not had much aid from me. I purpose, however, so soon as my Sick recover, to leave them no room to complain on that Head. Convict I mentioned in my Letter (Xo. 6) to your Excellency that, deserters at Port Phillip. when I left Port Phillip, eight of the Prisonersf were in the Woods, having deserted from the Settlement some time before. I how learn from Lieutenant Sladden that seven of these unfor­ tunate People perished miserably, one only of the Xumbers having survived to tell the Fate of his Companions. He stating, upon his reaching the Camp, that they were not all dead when he determined on leaving them, a Party was sent out in hopes of discovering and rendering them assistance if not too late; but they returned, having travelled a considerable distance round the Harbour without meeting any Trace of them, and leaving no doubt of their being no longer in Existence. Precautions I have two or three bad Characters here, who I am informed against escape of convicts. have planned a desertion to the Coast, after robbing the Stores and killing some of the Stock; but, having secured the ring­ leader in Irons, and after his Day's Labour confining him close by the Guard, I have no apprehension that the others will attempt it; nevertheless I have caused not onlv the Stock to he

Note 138. t Note 43. COLLINS TO KING. 253 well watched, but their conduct so narrowly, that I shall be 1804. ready for them upon the least appearance of their attempting 31 July- to put their Design in Execution. Being not without hopes that Maize may be cultivated here, I Request for am preparing five acres of Ground for its reception in a well seed iorn sheltered spot; but I have to request of you, Sir, to furnish me andmaize; with some Seed Corn for that purpose; and, as you will perceive by the inclosed Return of my Stock that I have several Hogs and some Poultry to provide Subsistence for, I shall further thank you for a supply of Maize for their Use. If some thousand Shingles could also be sent me, they would an.d °f prove of essential Service, for unfortunately none of our Timber s lng es' will split into that very useful Article. I beg leave to return your Excellency my thanks for the offer Cutter for use of the Black Cutter, which I retain and readily accept as ano f settlement- Equivalent for the two Ploughs and the Wheelbarrow. I have four other Ploughs, which for" some time will be as many as I shall have occasion for. If not inconvenient, I could wish to have returned the Canvas, Twine, etca., which the was supplied with, as I now have, through Your Excellency's attention to my concerns, five Boats to attend to instead of one, which I brought with me from England. Mentioning these, leads me still further to request Request for your assistance. The Oars, which I have for these Boats, are set of oars' incomplete and mostly worn out. Could I be supplied with a Set for each, I should have nothing more to ask for them. I am now giving the Black Cutter a thorough repair, which she. stood in need of and deserves, for she has been extremely service­ able to me. I have directed the Commissary to transmit to Mr. Palmer an Returns re Account of the Cloathing, Hospital Bedding, and Provisions, tililn cove. which have been supplied to the Settlement at Risdon Cove, and to send also an Account of every Article, which has been received thence into His Majesty's Stores at- this Place. As your Excellency will perceive by the inclosed Return the Request for £ small Quantity of Provisions which I have remaining in Store, I' Prov™ions? shall hope to have those, with which I have been obliged to supply that Settlement, replaced by an equal Quantity from Sydney by thefirst Vessel , which may sail after this tempestuous Season breaks up. Having so many necessary public works in Hand, I am very unwilling to reduce the present Ration, par­ ticularly as I am in expectation of receiving Supplies from England, having left in the Stores at Deptford one year's Pro­ visions behind me for want of room in the Store Ship. Indeed, 254 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. I must request Your Excellency to take my Situation into your 51 July. Consideration, and if no intelligence should, by the Time you receive this, have reached you from England of supplies being on their way to me, determine upon sending me a Supply from your Stores. Return of I have the Honour of inclosing two Returns, one of the whole persons victualled and Xumber of People victualled at His Majesty's Stores on the 18th employed. Inst., on which day a General Muster was held, the other of the Employment of the Prisoners under my direction. The Number of my Mechanics is very few, compared with the various Employ­ ments I have for them; and I am anxious for the arrival of a Reinforcement from England, not only on account of receiving the Provisions and Stores which were left behind, but for the accession of strength I should derive from the addition of three or four Hundred Prisoners. Convicts Those Persons belonging to the late Establishment at Risdon received from Risdon cove. Cove, which I have kept here, are mostly useful Mechanics, Sawyers, and Carpenters; and I should gladly have retained a larger Xumber, had they been of better Characters; but I understood that most of them had been punished by the Order of Captain Bowen for Offences committed while he had the direction of the Settlement. Receipts for The Commissary has given Mr. Wilson the proper Xumber of stores at Receipts for the Stores, which remained at Risdon; and, as he Risdon cove. writes to Mr. Palmer upon several Points respecting which he requests Information, I shall thank Your Excellency to direct that Gentleman to attend to his application. Return of I have the Honour to inclose for your Excellency's Informa­ military, and tion a Return of the Detachment of Royal Marines under my of provisions issued to command; together with an Account of the Provisions which settlement at have been issued from His Majesty's Stores and Hunter's Island Risdon cove. for the use of the late Establishment at Risdon Cove, including what has been put on board the Ocean for them in the Passage to Port Jackson; and the Storekeeper's Receipt for the same. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosures Nos. 1, 2, 9 and 10.] [Copies of these returns of stock embarked and stock landed, and of provisions issued for use of establishment at Risdon cove and of passengers en board ship Ocean, are not available.] [Enclosures Nos. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8.] [Copies of these enclosures are not available; they were similar to enclosures No. 2, page 2k9, No. SA, page 259, Nos. 1 and 2, page 258, and the enclosure on page 250.] COLLINS TO KING. 255

[Enclosure No. 4.] 1804. 31 July. RETURN of Live Stock in His Majesty's Settlement, Derwent Return of River, Van Dieman's Land. 4th Augt. 1804. live stock.

•f. i •n S3 IT, en •Ti D O o a; >. To whom belonging. •n en •f: 5= > ZJ sz S be v. - a o 3 0 3 O O is Hi S Sis S & o o w a H ( w 3 10 8 4 21 14 2 8 5 i' 3 3 14 "5 15 8 9' 1 2 4 - 1 I 2 2 i 15 1 3 2 3 3 1 "2 2 "2 Messrs. Fosbrook, Collins, Bow-\ 5 3 1 5 6 den, and Harris. J 4 1 1 2 2 10 3 5 l 2 2 1 2 7 6 3 3 8 2 Wm. Edwards 13 Thos. Peters 4 Mrs. Piroelle ?. 2 1 1 M. Micheals 13i ... Wm. Jacobs 2 Josh. Pendridge 3! ... Thos. Ryley 1, ... Wm. Pope 3' ... ::::::i::: 1 "5 '.'.'. 1 6 ... Mrs. Power 6, ... John Manby 1 Hd. Clarke 2 2 V- Total 3 10 8 4 34 2 91 1 10 7 6 21 29 12 31 123 12

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per ship Ocean; acknowledged by Governor King, 8th January, 1805.) Hobart Town, Derwent River, Sir, Van Dieman's Land, 1st Augt., 1804. 1 Aug. The Military and Civil Officers of the Settlement have Request of applied to me, to know what are the prospects which they maymili ,talJan d , ,-, . . ° civil officers expect beyond tne appointments they have received from Govern- for land grants. ment, and I understand that they are desirous of having allot­ ments of Land granted to them, similar in Quantity to what are or have been allowed to Officers serving in New South Wales. My Instructions being silent on that Head, referring me only to Copies of Directions heretofore given to the Governor in Chief, in which Ifind nothin g to authorize me to allot them the 256 HISTORICAL EECOEDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Quantity of Land, which they seem to hope they may be allowed, 1 Allg- I have assured them that I will state their application to your Request of Excellency, and solicit for them the same Privilege and advan- civnoffieers1 tage, which the Officers under your Government enjoy, and I for land grants. h0pe to be favoured with your Excellency's directions herein. They certainly have been put to much inconvenience, and have been retarded considerably in rendering themselves comfortable by our disappointments in Port Phillip; I cannot therefore too strenuously recommend them to your Excellency's attention. Convict There is another point upon which they rather feel themselves officer". ' aggrieved. I am directed not to allow any Officer (except such as discharge the Duties of Magistrates or Superintendents) any Servants after we shall have been landed Six Months, without they pay a certain Sum per annum for each Prisoner employed as such by them. My Instruction being positive, the only relief I could afford was not to consider ourselves landed, until we had actually arrived at the place where the Colony would be per­ manently established, And this I felt no difficulty in doing, as while we were at Port Phillip I knew that there was little or no Employment for the People, they might therefore be better em­ ployed in waiting upon an Officer than in being idle. As I must, however soon put this regulation in Force (the 19th inst.) I shall thank your Excellency for your Sentiments as to the annual Sum, which I ought to require from each Officer for the Servant or Servants each may wish to employ. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO SECRETARY MARSDEN. 1st August, 1804. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. (Despatch per ship Ocean.) Hobart Town, Derwent River, 3 Aug. My Lord, Van Dieman's Land, 3rd Augt., 1S04. Returns Herewith I have the Honour to inclose for Tour Lord­ transmitted. ship's Information a return of the whole Number of Persons Victualled in the Settlement upon the 18th Ulto. on which Day I caused a General Muster to be taken of every Person belonging thereto, a return of the several Employments of the Prisoners, and an Account of the Provisions remaining in Store upon that Day. COLLINS TO HOBAKT. 257

Having since my arrival in the Derwent supplied the People, 1804. who I found settled at Risdon Cove, with Provisions, the Quan­ tity which I brought with'me has been reduced to what your Lordship will perceive, but as this will be returned from Port Jackson, I shall have enough to last me without reducing the ration, until the Supplies which I expect will arrive from Eng­ land. It is however necessary for me to make an application for a Requisition for Supply of Provisions and Cloathing for the Numbers now in the clothing"8' Settlement, and for some other necessary Articles as specified in and stores. the inclosed List. The Medicines, enumerated in the inclosed application from the Surgeon, are such as either were not sent out at first or what we shall be in want of by the time they can arrive from England. Our Consumption of Hospital Medicines and Stores has been very great, having had no less than 467 People under Medical Treatment since we first landed at Port Phillip, most of whom have required a daily allowance of wine. I have mentioned a Supply of Blankets and rugs to be sent out, as the Winter Season in this latitude has been severely felt by the People.. A Mountain in my Neighbourhood has been for some Weeks covered with Snow. Scurvy, Diarrhoea and Catarrh Diseases are the prevailing Diseases, and such as I expected to meet with, Prevalent- but I hope when the cold Weather and Rains of the present Season are succeeded by warm Suns and a dry atmosphere, that we shall regain our strength and begin to be enured to the Cli­ mate; though I shall always expect the Prevalence of these Disorders for a time, whenever any new Importation of Prisoners arrives in the Settlement. This leads me to suggest the Pro­ priety of their Voyage being so arranged as to allow their being landed here in the Summer Months, since that would give time for their being hutted before the Winter sets in. I had directed the Deputy Commissary to prepare his Accounts Explanation of the Expenditure of the Public Stores to send to England by L.aFosbrook. this Conveyance. The inclosed Copy of his Letter to me upon that Subject will explain to Your Lordship the reason why he has not complied with those directions, but as another opportunity will shortly offer from Port Jackson, and perhaps one more direct than the present, I shall take care that they are made up and forwarded. He transmits to the Treasury, with the proper Vouchers, an Account current of the Public Money, drawn for since our departure from England which I hope will be found correct. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

SEE. III. VOL. I—R 258 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. [Enclosure No. 1.] 3 Aug. A GENERAL STATEMENT of the Inhabitants in His Majesty's Settle­ Return of ment Derwent River Van Dieman's Land. July 1804. inhabitants. Civil Department Victualled. 1 Lieutenant Governor, 1 Judge Advocate (absent by leave), 1 Chaplain, 1 Principal Surgeon, 1 Deputy Commissary, 2 Depy. Sur­ veyor and Mineralogist, 2 Assistant Surgeons, 7 Harbour Master, Storekeeper and Superin'ts, 3 Overseers (Freemen), 5 Women, 3 Children above 10 yrs. old, 4 Children under 10, 2 Children under 5. Military Departm't Vict'd. 1 Lieutenant and acting adjutant, 1 Lieutenant and actg. Qur. Master, 1 Lieutenant, 6 Non Commission'd Officers, 2 Drummers. 37 Rank and File, 9 Women, 1 Children under 10 years old, 2 Chil­ dren under 5. , Prisoners Victual'd. 279 Men, 2 Women. Prisoners' Wives and Children Victualled. 16 Women, 2 Children above 10 years old, — Children under 10, 6 Children under 5. Settlers Victualled. 13 Men, 7 Women, 12 Children above 10 years old, 2 Children under 10, 2 Children under 5. Number Victualled at Different Rations. 358 Whole, 56 Two thirds, 7 One Half, 12 One Quarter. 433 Total Number Victualled from the Stores and No. in the Colony. DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Governor.

[Enclosure No. 2.] Quarterly QUARTERLY Employment of the Prisoners in His Majesty's Settle­ return of ment Derwent River Van Dieman's Land July 1804. employment. Agriculture and Stock. Hobart Town.—5 Care of Government Stock. Farm Bay.—2 Overseers, 28 Agriculture on the Public Account. Buildings. Hobart Town.—3 Stone Cutters and Masons, 11 Sawyers and Timber Measurer, 11 Carpenters and Labourers, 8 Blacksmiths, Armourer, Tinmen and File Cutter, 2 Lath and Pale Splitters, 10 Bricklayers Plasterers and Labourers, 5 Lime and Charcoal Burners, 26 Timber Carriage. Boat Builders etc. Hobart Town.—3 Shipwrights and Caulkers, 1 Labourers. Various Employments. Hobart Town.—2 Clerks, 7 Overseers, 4 Taking care of Governm't huts, 5 Public Stores and Cooper at do., 21 Boats Crews, 7 Government Gardens, 38 Town Gang, 7 Night Watch, 6 Attending Hospital, 3 Bell- ringer and Barbers, 6 Taylors and Shoemakers, 1 Printer, 4 Thatcher and Toolhelver, 4 Cook, Baker and Drummers to the R.M. Detachment, 1 Jail Gang, 1 Tanner and Glue Maker. Farm Bay.—1 Thatcher and Toolhelver. COLLINS TO HOBART. 259

Servants. 1804. Hobart Town.—21 To Commission'd Officers Civil and Military, 3 Aug. 6 To Superintendents and overseers, 2 To Non-Commission'd Officers Quarterly of the Royal Marines. return of Farm Bay.—2 To Superintendents and overseers, 1 To Settlers. employment. 14 Sick and Convalescents.

Recapitulation. Hobart Town.—5 Agriculture and Stock; 76 Buildings; 4 Boat Builders, etc.; 117 Various employments; 29 Servants; 14 Sick, etc. Farm Bay.—30 Agriculture and Stock; 1 Various employments; 3 Servants. 279 Total. DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Governor. [Enclosure No. 3.] [A] RETURN of Provisions, remaining in His Majesty's Stores at Return of Hunter's Island, 18th July, 1804. f™,to«.™

Time each Species will last at Remains. Weekly Expenditure. the established Ration.

Flour. Beef. Pork. Sugar. Flour. Beef or Pork, i Sugar. Flour. Beef. Pork. Sugar.

in in 03 in in in •S in to •n c •c •a "0 •a -a •a B B c E B B a 0 3 .<" 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0. 0 C o C o o o & a 86,688 27,100 30 4 2 6 17 0 A. (U 2,827 d. HH (i. 122 0 8,400 18,659 2,827 or 1 612 152 LEONARD FOSBROOK, Deputy Commissary.

[B] A DEMAND for Provisions and Stores for His Majesty's Requisition for P S and Settlement Hobart Town, River Derwent, Van Dieman's SZ^°" Land viz. Provisions Cloathing \t for 396 Persons. Blankets and rugs ) Medicines for Do., as contained in the Surgeon's application. Stationary. Glue I none having been sent out. Borax Do. Do. Eosin do. do. Sheet Iron do. do. A Drill Machine to sow Grain; A Threshing Machine; Solder; Wire; Rope from 1 to 3 Inch; Canvas from No. 3 to 6; Blocks from 4 to 8 Inches, Single and double; Sail Needles, Sewing and Roping; Twine, Sewing and'Seine; Box Compass (Brass); Bunting, Blue, White and Red; Junk; Lanthorns, etc.; Bees-Wax; Sheet Copper; Copper Bolts, Small and large; Copper Nails for Boats. LEONARD FOSBROOK, Depy. Commissary. Approved:—DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Governor. 260 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. [C] RETURN of Medicines and Hospital Stores wanted for the use 3 Aug. of the General Hospital, Hobart Town, River Derwent, Requisition 2 years service. for medicines and hospital Pulv. Rhubarb, lb. iii; Magnes Alb., Ibis; Natron vitriolas, lbs. 100; 6tores. Pulv. Ipecac, lb. ii; Pulv. Ipecac. Comp., lb. ii; Emp. Lyth and Resin, lb. iv; do. and Gum, lb. vi; Pix Burgundica, lb. i; Mel, lb. ii; 01. Oliv. lb. xl; do. Ricini, lb. ii; Croeta pptt., lb. vi; Tinet. Digitalis, oz. viii; Opium Purif., lb. iss; Conf. Aromat., lb. ii; 01 Menthe Pip., oz. iii; Tinet. Cort. Simp., lb. vi; do. Hux, lb. vi; Tinet. Opii, lb. ii; do. Rhoeii, lb. ii; Spt. Ammon. Comp., oz. x ii; Tinet. Lavend. Comp., oz. x ii; Lint. Saponis, lb. ii; Emp. Cantharid., lb. vi; Acet. Distill., lb. vi; Rad Colomb, lb. ii; Conf. Opiat, oz. x ii; Cons. Eos, oz. x ii; Elect Senna, lb. iss; Tinet. Opii Camphor, lb. i; Pulv. Cort. Peruv., lb. ii; Aq. Ammon., lb. ii; Miter Vitrolii, oz. vi; Spt. O Vitriol Caomp., oz. vi; Spt. Mth. Nitros, Ibis; Vinegar; Lime Juice, 36 lbs.; Wine; Oatmeal; Sago, lb. L; Barley, lb. 200; Portable Soup, lb. 200; Candles; Soap; Paper (Fools Cap;, 1 Ream; Pens, Xo. 300; Ink, 1 Packet; Skins of Leather, No. 6; Blankets; Coverlids; Flannel for Bandages, 20 Yds.; Callico for Do., 20 Yards; A Still; Bougies, 3 Dozen; Lancets, 2 Do.; Lint, lbs. L. WM. I'ANSON, Surgeon. [Enclosure No. 4.]

DEPUTY-COMMISSARY FOSBROOK TO GOVERNOR COLLINS. Hunter's Island, Hobart Town, Sir, Derwent River, 19th July, 1804. Returns In compliance with the General Orders of the 13th Inst. submitted. I have the Honour to inclose your Excellency a Return of all descriptions of Persons Victualled from the Public Stores, also an Account of the remains of Wet and dry Provisions in Store specifying the time each will last at the Ration now issued; but Inability to from the very confused state the Stores, Provisions etc. are in at transmit full returns. present owing to the Colony having been divided for a great length of Time, and the Stores, etc. recently brought from Port Phillip being mixed with those first landed, I fear it will be im­ possible to procure an Account of the Expenditure cf Stores and Provisions time enough to send to England by the Ocean, as it will be absolutely necessary to have a Survey on the remaining which at present is impracticable—until the temporary Store House can be made tenable for the reception of the Stores and Provisions from out of the Elaborately Tents; but will use every exertion to procure returns to send by thefirst subsequen t Con­ veyance. I have, &c, LEONARD FOSBROOK, Deputy Commissary. COLLINS TO SULLIVAN. 261

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO UNDER SECRETARY SULLIVAN. 3 Aug. (Despatch per ship Ocean.) Hobart Town, Derwent River, Sir, Van Dieman's Land, 3rd Augt., 1804. I have the Honour to inclose for the Information of Lord Returns .... , . transmitted. Hobart, the following returns viz. No. l—Keturn of the Officers, Superintendents and Overseers, belonging to the Civil Establishment at Hobart Town, Derwent River. No. 2—Return of Stock at present in the Colony. No. 3—Return of Births from 16th Octr. 1803, to the 31st July 1804. No. 4—Return of Marriages within the above time. No. 5—Return of Deaths, from the Embarkation of the Prisoners to the 31st July 1804. Among the Civil Officers you will find Sir, an increase of the Numbers, which it is necessary for me to explain. When I looked at the local advantages of the Situation which I had chosen for the Settlement, I anticipated the frequent Necessity for arrival of Shipping resorting to this Port, either on the Whale 0t harbour and Seal Fisheries, or when employed on the Service of themaster - Colony by Government! To regulate the various concerns of such a Port, I conceived the appointment of a Harbour Master to be essentially necessary, whose Business it would be not only to render them assistance in coming up the River, but to attend to the Execution of such Port Orders and regulations of them and their Boats, as I might judge it expedient to establish for their Guidance. In the choice of a Person properly qualified for such an Office, I had no difficulty. Mr. William Collins,* a Master in His Appointment Majesty's Navy, whose Name and Services to the Settlement bave been detailed in my former Dispatches, appeared at once to be the most eligible Person I could appoint; and when I recollect the voluntary offer which he made to go in an open Boat to Port Jacksonf with my Letters to Governor King, the Survey which he made of Port Dalrymple, and the subsequent Exertions of his professional abilities which I have witnessed, I felt it in some part a discharge of the obligations which I laid under for these voluntary and hitherto unrequited Services, to give him the appointment of Harbour Master. To this I have not fixed any Salary, leaving it to be named by Lord Hobart, who I humbly hope will enter into my views in the appointment, and he pleased * Note 22. t Note 26. 262 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. not only to confirm, but render it a compensation for the Ser­ 3 Aug. vices Mr. Collins has performed in this Colony. Appointment of Mr. William Nicholls I appointed a Superintendent of Con­ superintendents. victs, giving him the direction of the Sawyers and Carpenters, having found that none other but a free Man would have any weight with the Prisoners. The same reason induced me to appoint Mr. Richard Clarke (who I found at Risdon Cove as a Settler) to superintend the Stone Masons and Bricklayers. Him I have only engaged for twelve Months. Mr. John Jubal Sutton, I discharged from the Corps, and appointed a Superintendent, pursuant to an Intimation received from yourself to that effect. Issue of For want of Specie in the Colony to pay the Superintendents commissariat and overseers their respective Salaries, by which means they notes. found themselves unable to purchase several Articles of Use and Comfort which had been brought hither in Vessels from Sydney, I directed the Commissary to issue small Promissory Notes, not less than One Pound Sterling in value, which have proved a great accommodation to these People. These Notes will pass in Circu­ lation, until some Specie may be sent out, to enable me to call them in, which I request you, Sir, to move My Lord Hobart to direct. I have now Sir to mention a Circumstance, that may tend to obtained by prevent similar impositions in future. Among the Women who women under false pretences. received an Order from Lord Pelham's Office to embark in the Calcutta, was one who stated herself to be the wife of one of the Prisoners (Andrew Whitehead). During the Voyage and until my departure from Port Phillip, she was considered as such,— but shortly after I had sailed, she threw off the Mask, and desert­ ing the Man whose Wife she had pretended to be, went openly to live with another Person. This being communicated to me on their arrival, I deemed it such a shameful imposition on Government, that, as the Man could not marry her, she having a Husband in England, I would not allow her to land in the Settlement, but have sent her to Port Jackson, there to be dis­ posed of by the Governor in Chief. This was the second Circumstance of the kind which occurred among these People, but in that instance the Parties wishing to be married, I directed the Clergyman to perform the Ceremony. I transmit herewith Copies of the General Orders which have been issued by me, subsequent to the Date of my last Letters sent by the Calcutta. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. COLLINS TO SULLIVAN. 263

[Enclosure No. 1.] 1804. RETURN of the Officers, Superintendents, and Overseers, belong 3 Aug. ing to the Civil Establishment at Hobart Town, River ^-e^u.vn °f civil Derwent, Van Dieman's Land. Augt. 3rd 1804. establishment.

Date of Names. Appointment. Where disposed. Appointment.

at David Collins, Esqr. ... Hobart Town Revd. Robt. Knopwood Do Depy. Judge Advocate In England on leave 1st Asst. Surgeon at Hobart Town ... 2nd Asst. Surgeon Do Depy. Commissary Do Geo. Pridx. Harris Do A. W. H. Humphrey ... Do 2nd April, 1804. Do Do Do Do at Farm Bay. 21st Jany, 1804. John Jnbal Sutton Do 27th Feby., „ Do at Hobart Town ... Do 1st June, „ Do Do Do Do [A copy of enclosure No. 2, return ofDo live stock, will be found on page 255.] [Enclosure No. 3.] ACCOUNT of Birthsf from the Embarkation at Spithead to the Return of 31st July, 1804. births.

Names. Description. Where born. Time when.

on board the Calcutta 11th June, 1803 Wm. Jas. Hobart Thorne Do Port Phillip 25th Novr., „ Prisoner's Daughter on bod. the Ocean ... 17th Febv., 1804 Free Port Phillip 14th July, „ 14th April, „

[Enclosure No. 4.] ACCOUNT of Marriagesf 'from the 16th October to the 31st July, Return of 1804. marriages.

Names. Description. Where married. Time when.

Port Phillip 28th Novr., 1803. Hobart Town 18th March, 1804. Settler \ Do 31 Do „ Free Overseer ...\ Do 1st July, 1804.

Free J" Do 23rd Do Do 30 Do „ Free /

Note 5. t Note 139. 264 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. [Enclosure No. 5.] 3 Aug. NAMES of Persons who have died* since their Embarkation at Return of Spithead to the 31st July 1804. deaths. Names. Description. Where died. Time When.

Thos. Scott Smith .... Prisoner At Spithead 14 March, 1803 John Thomas Do On the Passage to Teneriff ... 5 Mav, „ Ann Stocker Free Woman do ... 3d Do Stephen Byrne Prisoner do ...! 7 Do „ Samuel Fellows Do do ...i 18 Do Mark Denham Do At Teneriff 20 Do „ John Henry Cashman Do Symon's Bay, Cape of Good 18 August, „ Jeremiah Davis Do Hope. Christr. Smith Do At Sea 15 Sept. „ John Skilhorae Settler do 3 October „ Thos. Dawkins Prisoner .. ... Port Phillip 10 do John Everitt do do 1 November,, Thos. Price do do i 15 do „ John Price do do I 17 do „ Timothy Hurley do do i 25 do „ James Aylmore do do 10 December,, William Thomas do do 18 do „ John Heels do do 1st. Janry.,1804 Richd. Thompson do do 3 do Richd. Lennard do do 18 do , Ann Wiggins Child (Free) do 22 do Thomas Page Prisoner do 23 do , John Jones do do 27 do , John Jury do do 17Februarv,, Thomas Feehorne do do 21 do James Johnson do Risdon Cove 2 March, , Jon'n Spencer do do 3 do Thomas Hoy Royal Marine do i 5 do , Richd. Godwin Prisoner Port Phillip ' 7 do Wm. Best ... do do 9 do Eliz. Edwards Child (Free) do 18 do Wm. Lewis Prisoner Hobart Town 27 April, , Wm. Peale do Risdon Cove 12 Mav, , Nicholas Piroelle d[Additionao Hobarl Enclosure.t Town ] 13 do Geo. Kearly Infant (Free) do 22 do Orders re GENERALJohn Andrew ORDERS.s Prisoner do j 15 Julv, , {Orders dated 20th to 27th Februarydo .will be found| 16 ,on. pages 219—220 1 Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, 10 March, 1804. Protection THE LIEUT. GOVERNOR, understanding that the number of Swans at the of swans. upper part of the Derwent River is considerably diminished, through their having been of late much harassed and disturbed, and that it is more than probable that the resource which they might have otherwise proved will totally fail, unless some steps are taken to prevent it, particularly at this season when the females are known to be full of eggs, directs that, until he finds it necessary to issue further Orders upon this subject, no person in, or belonging to this Settlement, do send any boat, or employ any means any further, to molest these Birds, which, if a proper attention is paid to this Order, may return to their usual haunts. The Lieutenant Governor requests that the Officer,t who has the direction of the Settlemen* Notte a139t .Risdo f Notn eCreek 105. , will take the proper measures to promote his views in the preservation of this article of COLLINS TO SULLIVAN. 2G5

Stock, which may be hereafter of essential benefit as well to ships 18(H arriving from long voyages, as to the Settlements established in Van 3 Aug. Dieman's Land. ~~~' When there is occasion to have communication between the two communication Settlements by Boats, the Coxswain only is to quit the Boat when wjth Risdon arrived at either landing-place, unless otherwise directed; and if after cove. this order any person belonging to the public boats is found straggling from them, he is to be made a prisoner, and sent as such to the Settle­ ment from whence he came. The Prisoners will work, until further orders, during the following Hours of hours, viz. from 5 o'clock in the morning until 8, from 9 until 12, and labour. from half past 1 until 6 in the evening, at which several times the bell will ring. On Tuesdays the bell will ring at 11, and again at half past 1; but on Saturdays the Prisoners will not labour after 11 o'clock. Divine Service will be performed to-morrow at 11 o'clock, if the Divine service. weather is fair. GARRISON DAVIORDERSD COLLINS. , Lieut. Governor. Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 22 March, 1804. THE Commanding Officer is concerned to be under the necessity of Duties of repeating the Orders* of the 20th of February, viz.:— sentinels. The Sentinel at Hunter's Island will not suffer any one to approach his post after sunset, except the LIEUT. GOVERNOR or any person sent with a written authority from him, and the visiting Officer. Boats are not to land at the Island after sunset, unless by per­ mission of the LIEUT. GOVERNOR ; and, any boat approaching the Island after that hour, without such permission, is to be kept off until directions are received from Head Quarters. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor and Lieut. Col. R.M. GENERAL ORDERS. Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, 24 March, 1804. THE LIEUT. GOVERNOR having employed a Gang to open some ground Convicts at adjoining a Bay, which is henceforth to be known by the name of Farm cove- Farm Bay,t and is situated in the neighbourhood of the Settlers lately ' established in Stainforth's Cove,t directs that none of the Gang so employed come from thence to the Camp without a pass signed by the Superintendent, or in his absence by the principal Overseer, and the Superintendent and Overseer are hereby directed and authorized to secure, and send in as Prisoners, all persons who shall be found in or near the Public Farm without a pass signed by the LIEUT. GOVERNOR, or some Officer authorized by him—the people belonging to the Camp being strictly prohibited from going there upon any pretence. The Settlers at Stainforth's Cove are not to hire or employ any of Hiring of the Prisoners belonging to the said Farm in their own time, under the convlcts- penalty of forfeiting five pounds sterling for every person they may so hire or employ—to be levied upon conviction before a Magistrate. Divine Service will be performed to-morrow in the forenoon, if the Divine service. weather admits; after which the people may continue to work at their huts, which, if not completed before, they will be again allowed-two days in the next weekSulliva for than tCove purpose, Rive.r Derwent, 27 March, 1804. THE LIEUT. GOVERNOR requests thatDAVI thDe OfficersCOLLINS,, CiviLieutl an. Governord Military. , and Settlers will not on any account whatsoever pay the Prisoners, or * Note 140. t Note 141. 266 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

others, for such work as they may perform for them with raw Spirits. 1S04. The evil consequences that have ensued from the indiscriminate distri­ 3 Aug. bution of Spirits, which formerly prevailed at Sydney, are so well Orders re known, that it is the LIEUT. GOVERNOR'S duty to prevent, by even- Prohibition means in his power, the same circumstances from occurring in this of payments infant Settlement, where so much is to be done by manual labour that in spirits. the health of the people is to be preserved with the utmost care, and which would be injured were they to be permitted the use of raw Spirits. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 28 March, 1804. Civil THE LIEUT. GOVERNOR having been pleased to appoint Mr. JOHN J. appointments. SUTTON, Superintendent of Convicts, to be Assistant Deputy Com­ missary in this Settlement, he is to be observed as such. The Store­ keeper will immediately deliver over to the Assistant Deputy Com­ missary the Stores and Provisions now under his charge, with the different accounts thereof. FRANCIS SHIPMAN is appointed Clerk to the Lieut. Governor. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove River Derwent, 29 March, 1804. Divine service. TO-MORROW being Good Friday, Divine Service will be performed at the usual hour; after which the Prisoners may attend to the completion of their Huts. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 2 April, 1804. Control of THE Corporal of the detached Guard, on Hunter's Island, will in future persons on each issuing day attend himself within the doors of the Store Tent receiving during the time that provisions, or Stores of any kind, may be served; rations. the Sentinel will remain posted at the door; and they both are to see that no one goe^into the Tent but the Assistant Deputy Commissary and the people under his direction. The Sentinel will be particular in suffering only one person at a time to approach the tent to receive either provisions or stores; and it is again repeated that no person is to go to the Island after sunset without a pass. Officers' servants are not, upon any pretence, ever to be admitted within either of the Store Tents, the doors of which are never to be opened but by the Assistant Deputy Commissary; and it is the LIEUT. GOVERNOR'S positive direction that, if the Officers' servants do not attend for their master's pro­ visions at the time appointed for serving them, that they are not served at any other time. The Assistant Deputy Commissary will be responsible for the due execution of this Order. Appointment The LIEUT. GOVERNOR having been pleased to appoint Mr. WILLIAM of harbour COLLINS to be Harbour Master in this Settlement, he is to be observed master. as such. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 6 April, 1804. General muster THERE will be a general muster of the Prisoners (those at the Govern- of convicts. ,nent Farm and the sick only excepted) on Sunday next, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon; and those who do not attend will be sought after, and put into confinement. COLLINS TO SULLIVAN. 267

The Overseers of the several Gangs will be careful to communicate i^i, this Order to the People, that no one may plead ignorance of it. 3 Aug. The Crews of the two Cutters will assist at the Magazine when not otherwise employed. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 11 April, 1804. THE contents of each cask of Flour are, previous to issuing, to be Iss»e °f flour started into an empty box or tub, and thence weighed, and the damaged part and the scrapings are to be preserved and no part thereof wasted, or given to anyone but by order of the LIEUT. GOVERNOR. The Salt Provisions are not, on any account, to be picked for any and salt one. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. provisions.

Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 17 April, 1804. THE People, being now distributed into Huts, are not upon any account Removal of to change their habitations without orders; and if any should be per- residence. mitted or directed to remove from one hut to another, the alteration is to be made on the board that contains the names of the several persons dwelling in each hut. As the people in general cannot but have observed the high winds Precautions that prevail at this season of the year, the LIEUT. GOVERNOR trusts they against Are. will be extremely careful offire i n or near their huts, as the destruction of the whole might be occasioned by an accident happening to one. They-are also to be kept clean both within and without; and he shall Cleanliness hold the person whose name stands thefirst in each hut as responsible of huts. for the cleanliness, good order, and appearance of each member thereof, whenever called upon for that purpose. The LIEUT. GOVERNOR understands that frequent thefts of provisions Thefts of are committed among the prisoners and applications have in one or provisions. two instances been made to him to replace what had been stolen, which has been ordered; but he thinks it necessary to inform them he shall not again comply with any such request, and requires them to do their utmost to detect any who may be so base as to plunder their fellow prisoners of their provisions. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 19 April, 1804. SEVERAL People having had their provisions destroyed by the Hogs Destruction of which are running loose about the Settlement, Whatever damage shall provisions be proved to be committed by their means, the owner of the Hog is to by hog$" make the same good, or forfeit the animal, which shall be disposed of for the benefit of the injured person, as far as the damage can be estimated, and the overplus applied to the use of the sick at the Hospital. The Prisoners, and others, are at the same time cautioned to place their provisions out of the reach of these animals, as no satis­ faction will be awarded for any damage which they may sustain through their carelessness. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 27 April, 1804. A GENERAL muster of all the male Prisoners will be held on Sunday General muster. morning at 10 o'clock, at the hut of Michael Michaels, Overseer, at of convicts. which time there will be an inspection of the clothing, delivered to them on the 30th October last, preparatory to a general serving of clothing on the Monday following for the ensuing six months. 268 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. As this inspection is intended to ascertain the care which may have 3 Aug. been taken of the clothing, none will be issued to those who cannot produce or account for what has already been issued to them. Orders re DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 30 April, 1804. Half-yearly IT appearing from the inspection of the clothing, which took place issue of yesterday, that no unfair or improper use had been made of it, the clothing. LIEUT. GOVERNOR directs the following supply of clothes to be issued at Hunter's Island, to-morrow in the forenoon, viz.:— 2 Shirts. 1 Pair of Trowsers. 1 Jacket. 2 do. stockings. 1 Waistcoat. 1 do. Shoes. 1 Pair of Blue Breeches. 1 Flannel Cap. which supply is to last for the ensuing six months. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 8 May, 1804. Administration THE LIEUT. GOVERNOR having been instructed by His Excellency the of settlement at GOVERNOR IN CHIEF to lose no time'in taking upon him the Command Risdon cove. of the Settlement* established by his authority at Risdon Cove, and of every person and place in the Derwent River, he is hereby pleased to notify his having taken upon himself the command of the said Settle­ ment, and he is to be observed as such. The LIEUT. GOVERNOR having fixed his Head Quarters at this place, Capt. BOWEN will continue in the direction of the said Settlement until further orders; he will forthwith furnish the LIEUT. GOVERNOR with a return of the whole number of the persons therein, particularising the several trades and present employment of the Prisoners; and he will direct the Storekeeper to transmit to him an exact account of the Public Stores under his charge. Issue of officers' rations. The Officers' servants at this place will attend at the Store for their masters' provisions every Monday morning, at 10 o'clock. The bell, for leaving off work in the evening, will ring in future when the drum beats for the retreat. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 19 May, 1804. Regulation IN future whenever it may be necessary to open either of the Store of persons^ Tents on Hunter's Island for the issue of Stores or Provisions, not more than one application is to be mad,e at a time, and until that is complied with no other person is to pass the Guard Tent, but all to remain at the entrance of the Island, until regularly called up one by one to be served. Issue of stores. Whenever an order is signed by the Lieut.- Governor for the issue of any article or articles of the Public Stores, the individual obtaining it is to take the same to the Assistant Deputy Commissary on the day on which he receives it, and on the following day he is to call for whatever may have been ordered for him. And, all persons landing at the Island, or embarking therefrom, are to pass through without making any stoppage. The boats' crews are, upon no account, to stay upon the Island longer than the business which took them there may require. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. * Note 109. COLLINS TO SULLIVAN. 269

Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 29 May, 1804. 1804i IT having been represented to the LIEUT. GOVERNOR that some person 3 Aug. or persons have inconsiderately suggested, from the suddenness of the ; death of the late Nicholas Piroelle that he died by poison, he thinks it necessary to publish the following report of the Surgeon who opened ^piroelle the body, and in his presence satisfactorily and clearly ascertained the cause of his death. SURGEON'S REPORT. " Upon opening the thorax, the pericardium and both sides of the chest contained a large quantity of water, which had stopped the action of the lungs. The heart was unusually large, but not otherwise diseased. In the abdomen I examined the stomach and intestines par­ ticularly, which were perfectly healthy, and contained a small quantity of half digested food, in which there was nothing remarkable. The liver was also much enlarged from some former disease. "MATTHEW BOWDEN, Assistant Surgeon." DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 1 June, 1804. THE LIEUT. GOVERNOR, understanding that several Mechanics, Arti- Meeting for fleers, and Labourers, taking advantage of the necessity which the fiH"Fprioe Officers and Settlers labour under for such assistance as they can ° a our' render them in the line of their several professions, charge and demand an unjust and enormous price for the work performed by them in their extra time, requests the Civil and Military Officers of the Settlement will meet together on Sunday next, after Divine Service, together with any .three of the Settlers from Stainforth's Cove, for the purpose of considering and settling as well the price which shall be demanded for every kind of labour, as the value of such articles which are to be paid as an equivalent for such labour, for which purpose they will send for and examine all such persons as they may judge capable of furnishing them with information, and report their pro­ ceedings to the Lieut. Governor. Mr. NICHOLLS, the Superinendent, will cause a return to be made to Return of the LIEUT. GOVERNOR of all the sawn timber, the property of Govern- sawn timber. ment, which shall be at or about the Carpenter's Shop, or on the dif­ ferent Sawpits, on Saturday next at 11 o'clock, when the Sawyers leave off work. Mr. RICHARD CLARK, Settler, is appointed a Superintendent of Con- Civil viets. He is to take under his charge the Stone Masons, Bricklayers, appointments. and Limeburners, and report every week to the LIEUT. GOVERNOR the work done by the aforesaid description of people. HENRY HACKING* is appointed Coxswain to the LIEUT. GOVERNOR. He will, as such, have the superintendance of all the Public Boats belonging to the Colony. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 3 June, 1804. IT was the LIEUT. GOVERNOR'S intention to have marked His Majesty's Celebration Birth Day with the distinction that belonged to it, but the unlooked of King's for detention of so large a part of the Settlement, as for some time birthday- past has been hourly expected to arrive by the Ocean, induces him to direct that the Public Business proceeds to-morrow as usual; but as soon after the desired junction of the remainder of the establishment has taken place as may be convenient, he will appropriate a day to that purpose. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. * Note 37. 270 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Sullivan Cove, River Derwent, 9th June, 1804. 3 Aug. No Person but the Harbour Master, Pilot, or Officer authorised by the Orders re LIEUT. GOVERNOR is to board any ship or vessel arriving in this Port, Port and if any Boat should aecidently be down the river when a ship or regulations. vessel may be coming in, the People in her are not to go alongside, or have any communication with such ship or vessel, unless their assistance should be requested by the Commander or Master thereof. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Hobart Town,* 15 June, 1804. Necessity for THERE being an urgent necessity at this season of the year for the completion erecting of several Public Buildings, the LIEUT. GOVERNOR calls upon of public every description of People, Artificers and Labourers to be aiding and buildings. forwarding to the utmost of their abilities the several works now in hand. With this view he informs the Superintendents of the Car­ penters, Sawyers, Stone Masons, and Smiths, that no one of the several people under their' direction is to be excused from labour for any part of a day, unless he shall be reported unable to work by the Surgeon; and, to prevent an abuse which he understands exists among the Sawyers, he further directs that no man, who has not performed the Government work assigned him for the week, shall be permitted to work for individuals in his extra time. The Superintendent of the Sawyers will see that this order is strictly Issue of rations complied with. to settlers. The Settlers will in future receive their provisions weekly, instead of once in four weeks as formerly. This regulation cannot be attended with any inconvenience to them, the distance between their grounds and the Town being so inconsiderable. The Assistant Deputy Commissary will issue one Wooden Bowl and Platter on Saturday next to each of the Prisoners, who have been admitted into this Settlement from Risdon Cove. DAVIHobarD COLLINSt Town, ,Lieut 22 June. Governor, 1804. Price of THE LIEUT. GOVERNOR having considered the report made by the labour. Officers and Settlers, who were assembled under the General Orders of the 2nd inst., and having obtained some further information on the subject of that meeting, directs that, until the situation of the Colony may be so changed as to render other regulations necessary, the follow­ ing charge may be demanded for labour, viz.: — £ s. d. For felling and burning of timber per acre •. 1 10 0 Grubbing and burning, per Do 4 0 0 Breaking up new grounds, 3d. per rood, per Do 2 0 0 Chipping Ground, 2d. per rood, per Do 1 6 S Chipping in Seed, U rood, per Do 1 0 0 Breaking up stubble ground, 2d. per rood, per Do 1 6 S Digging garden ground per rood 0 0 6 Reaping an acre of wheat 0 10 0 Threshing wheat per bushel 0 0 S Splitting paling 7 feet long, and bringing in, per 100 0 3 0 Do. 5 feet long, Do 0 1 6 Laths 4 feet long, per 1,000 '. 0 6 S Do. 2 feet Do 0 3 0 * Note 142. COLLINS TO SULLIVAN. 271

£ s. d. 1804. Ditching per rood, 3 feet wide at the top, and 1 at the bottom, 3 Aug. 3 feet deep, and embanking the earth 0 0 10 _ , " Mechanics per day, of 10 hours 0 3 6 Labourers per Do 0 2 6 p"<* of labou''' Oyster-shells delivered per bushel 0 0 3 Thatch per bundle, of 9 feet girth 0 0 6 Thatching per foot, measuring the length and end of the house 0 0 6 Sawing, per 100 feet 0 8 4 And the following rates are established to be paid for labour, viz.:— Payment £ s. d 'or Isbour. Salted beef, per lb 0 0 9 Do. pork, Do 0 1 0 Kangaroo, Do 0 0 8 Flour, Do 0 1 0 Wheat Meal, Do 0 0 6 In paying for labour at the above rates, a charge of 50 per cent. will be made on articles, tea, sugar, etc., purchased at thefirst han d from shipping; and of 25 per cent, on those purchased at second hand, where a per centage has been paid by the purchaser. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. Hobart Town, 24 June, 1804. IT appearing by the report of the detached Guard that a boat came Regulation of into the Creek, from the Ocean, at the late hour of 12 o'clock last boat traffic at night, the LIEUT. GOVERNOR directs that in future no boat shall be n,ght t,me- permitted to land at Hunter's Island, or come into the Creek after the Taptoo has beat, nor to go from either landing place after that time (cases of emergency or business only excepted) without his eon- sent having been previously obtained, which will be notified to the Guard. The LIEUT. GOVERNOR expects that the Sentinels, upon Hunter's Island, will be very exact in attending to this Order. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. Hobart Town, 27 June, 1804. IT is with much satisfaction the LIEUT. GOVERNOR has observed the Convicts readiness with which the people in general have come forward to aceom- exempted modate their fellow prisoners* in the huts which they have been per- flom tabour. mitted to erect. They may be assured such disposition will not be lost upon him; and, to place them on an equal footing with those who first arrived, he will not for a few days call upon them for labour (those excepted who are to remain on board to unload the Ocean) ; during which time they may construct as comfortable residences as they have now found the advantage of here. It being absolutely requisite, for the security of the Public Stores, Commissary to that the Commissary should at all times be upon the spot, that Gentle- 'esicleon man's Marquee will be pitched immediately upon Hunter's Island, when Hlmter's island. he will take the charge of the Public Stores and Provisions, attending in the execution of his duty as well such Orders as he received at Port Phillip as those which hav* Note ebee 143n. issued here, with a copy of which he will be furnished. He will be particularly careful that no 272 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA. article whatever is delivered to any person from the Stores without his 1804. being present at the delivery. 3 Aug. The Commissary will forthwith furnish the LIEUT. GOVERNOR with Orders re an exact account of what articles have been issued from the Stores Returns by since his departure from Port Phillip, specifying to whom, and when commissary they were issued. and surgeon. The Surgeon will make a similar return of the Hospital Stores, under his charge. Issues to The Prisoners from the Ocean will receive four days' provisions, convicts per which will be issued to them as they were missed in that ship; but on ship Ocean. Saturday the whole will be distributed into proper messes. The Commissary will issue to each of the Prisoners, arrived by the Ocean, the same proportion of clothing as was issued to the people here on the 30th of April last. GARRISON ORDERS. Commendation THE COMMANDING OFFICER was much gratified by the healthy and of marines. soldierlike appearance of the Detachment which landed yesterday from Port Phillip; and by the report* made to him by Lieut. SLADDEN of their demeanour since his departure from that place. He trusts that, by their continuing in the same line of conduct, they will equally merit his approbation. The Adjutant having arrived, the services of Lieut. LORD in that department are dispensed with; and he desires to return that Officer his thanks for his attention to the duties of his profession, and the assistance he has received from him since his arrival at Hobart Town. The Quarter Master will give in a return of the stoppages of Spirits which have been made from the Detachment, specifying the quantity stopped, and the quantity drawn for each week, since his departure from Port Phillip. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor and Lieut. Col. R.M

GENERAL QRDERS. Hobart Town, 29 June, It 04. General A GENERAL Muster of all the Male Prisoners, at Hobart Town, will orders. be held at 10 o'clock on Sunday morning next, the 1st of July, on Hunter's Island. Buildings at As the removal of the Establishment from Risdon Cove will very Risdon cove. shortly take place, the LIEUT. GOVERNOR requests Capt. BOWEN will not suffer any of the buildings, either public or private, to be injured or taken down; such only excepted as he may previously send for. The Storekeeper of that Settlement will prepare his accounts agreeable to the forms prescribed by the GOVERNOR-IN-CHIEF. Divine service The Rev. Mr. KNOPWOOD will, if the weather permits, perform at Risdon cove. Divine Service at Risdon Cove in the forenoon of Sundav the 1st of July. Appointment His Excellency the Governor-in-Chief having approved of the appoint­ of magistrates. ment of Magistrates, which the LIEUT. GOVERNOR signified to him he had made from among the Officers of the Civil and Military Establish­ ment under his command, the following Gentlemen being appointed Magistrates for Hobart Town are to be observed as such, viz.:— • The Rev. Mr. Knopu'ood, Lieut. Wm. Sladden, S.M., George P. Harris, Esqr. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. * Note 144. COLLINS TO SULLIVAN. 273

•Hobart Town, 1 July, 1804. 1SM A EWE LAMB, the property of Mr. BOWDEN, having been stolen from 3 Aug. the penn in the rear of the Hospital, in the course of last night, by 0l.denj~^"~ some person or persons at present unknown, the LIEUT. GOVERNOR is e f r hereby pleased to promise to procure a CONDITIONAL EMANCIPATION for ? f™^°t ? n any Prisoner who shall give him such certain information of the 0f theft. offender, or offenders, as shall enable him to convict him, or them, of • the said felony. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Hobart Town, 5 July, 1804. THE frequent robberies, which are a disgrace to the Settlement, could not be perpetrated if the Night Watch were vigilant. The whole of the Night Watch being now arrived, two of them will instructions to be on duty each night, under the direction of Wm. T. Stocker, who night watch. will report to a Magistrate whatever occurrences may take place during the night; and should any circumstances arise in that time which may require direction or instruction, immediate application is to be made to the nearest Magistrate, who will acquaint the LIEUT. GOVERNOR with the same at the morning Parade. The attention of the Night Watch will be directed to the same objects which they were instructed to observe at Port Phillip.* DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Hobart Town, 13 July, 1804. A MUSTER of all the Male Prisoners in the Settlement will be held on Muster of Tuesday next, the 17th inst., immediately after serving the Provisions; convicts. and the Commissary will make a return to the LIEUT. GOVERNOR of all descriptions of persons victualled from the Public Stores, distinguish­ ing each class. He will as speedily as possible state to the LIEUT. Commissariat GOVERNOR the quantity of wet and dry provisions remaining in Store, returns. specifying what time each will last, at the ration now issued. He will likewise prepare an account of the expenditure of the Stores and Provisions, with which he has been charged, from the first dis­ embarkation to the 17th inst., which account is to be sent to England by the Ocean. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor.

Hobart Town, 26 July, 1804. THE OCEAN, transport, having been reported ready for sea, such part Embarkation of of the Establishment at Risdon Cove, which the LIEUT. GOVERNOR does establishment not retain at HOBART TOWN will embark on board that ship, on Sunday at Rlsdon cove. next the 29th inst. Capt. BOWEN will give such directions as may be necessary to prevent any delay occurring when the boats arrive in the Creek. A Corporal's Guard, from the Royal Marines, will be sent up to relieve the Guard of the New South Wales Corps, now on duty there. A return of the Live Stock in the possession of persons, of every Return of description, to be given to the Commissary, at Hunter's Island, on or llve st°<*. before Sunday next the 29th inst. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. SER. III. VOL. I—S * Note 145. 274 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA. Hobart Town, 27 July, 1804. 1804. 3 Aug. THE several buildings now in hand requiring the united exertions of the Sawyers and Carpenters, and a great deficiency having been Orders re observed of late in the work allotted to the former, the LIEUT. GOVERNOR Task work for sawyers. directs that in future each pair of Sawyers shall deliver, per week, to the Superintendent, 400 feet of sawn timber, market measure; and, until the pits are covered in, an allowance will be made for a day of rain of 60 feet; but any deficiency which may arise from any other cause (sickness alone excepted) is to be made good in the following week, on. pain of the Sawyers so offending being deprived ot the indulgence of working in their extra time, and of the saw belonging to the public. The Superintendent will attend particularly to this Order, and con­ Asst. surgeon tinue to report, on the Saturday evening, the quantity of timber sawn to attend by each pair of Sawyers during the week. punishments. The Assistant Surgeon, on duty at the General Hospital, will attend Sick returns. all punishments which may occur among the Prisoners. The Surgeon will give in a return of the actual number of persons who have been under medical treatment, from the 1st of May to the 31st of the present month, both inclusive, specifying which may appear to have been the prevailing diseases, and the causes that may have occasioned them. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor and Lieut. Col. R.M. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO UNDER SECRETARY SULLIVAN. (Despatch marked " Separate," per ship Ocean.) Hobart Town, Derwent Eiver, 4 Aug. Sir, Van Dieman's Land, 4th August, 1804. Request for Permit me to state to you, that when I received the Esti­ increased mate of the Civil Establishment (of Port Phillip) intended to be salary for commissary ; laid before Parliament for the last Tear, I was concerned to find, that, to an appointment of such responsibility as that of Deputy Commissary, there should only be annexed an allowance of Five Shillings per diem. I have hitherto been silent upon this subject, as I was desirous of observing how far his abilities in the particular line of his Department would warrant my applying for an Increase of his Salary. Having been now nearly a year in the Execution of his Duty, I feel myself entirely satisfied with his conduct as the Deputy Commissary, and do therefore solicit for him such In­ crease of Salary, as may be deemed adequate to his Office. and for I could also wish,fts th e Principal Superintendent at Port principal supt. Jackson has a greater Salary than the others of that Class, that i)f convicts. Mr. Thomas Clark, the principal Superintendent in this Settle­ ment, might be placed upon the same footing, and I can assure you, Sir, that he is very well deserving of the distinction. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. COLLINS TO HOBART. 275

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. 1804. (Despatch per ship Ocean.) 6 Aug- Hobart Town, Derwent River, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 6th Augt., 1804. After having closed the Dispatches to your Lordship, which will be received herewith, I was informed by Governor King that two ships had arrived at Port Jackson from England, Arrival of ships the Coromandel and Experiment, on board of one of which ^itii stores Ships had been sent out the Cloathing which had been left behind but without from His Majesty's Ship Calcutta, and the Ocean Store Ship, espa but that no Official Dispatch,* had been received respecting the Settlement under my Direction. This I attribute to the uncer­ tainty Your Lordship must have been under, respecting the actual Situation of the Establishment intended for Port Phillip, an uncertainty which must have been created by the accounts which the Governor in Chief must have transmitted to England by His Majesty's Ship Glatton, of the insufficiency of Port Phillip as a Settlement when viewed in a commercial or agricultural Light. My Letters sent herewith will inform Your Lordship, that I am now placed in a Situation most highly favourable to'both these purposes; and I have the Honour to inclose for your Lord- Report on ha ll by ship's Information, in Proof of one point of this assertion, a Paper ™r il )?. submitted to me by Mr. Collins, an Officer in this Settlement, which I think highly worthy the attention of Government and as such humbly recommend it to your Lordship's Perusal. As I have made a demand for Cloathing and Provisions to be sent out it is necessary to acquaint Your Lordship that Governor King has chartered a Vessel, the Lady Barlow, now in the Kiver, ship chartered to bring me down One hundred and thirty Seven Head of Cattle, stocuTnd"6 one Stallion, three Mares, Sixty Head of Swine, One Year's Pro- provisions. visions and the Cloathing and other Stores, which had arrived consigned to me by the Ships, Coromandel and Experiment. As this latter Ship brought out Female Prisoners to Port Jackson only, I am in Hopes, the Ships, which may sail after it is known by your Lordship where I am, may be sent with both Male and Female Prisoners for this Settlement and a reinforcement to my Military Establishment. Your Lordship will be possessed of my reasons for quitting Removal from Port Phillip, which I hope will be satisfactory to your Lordship, Port PhullP- more especially when the very great and superior local advan­ tages of my present Situation are considered. His Excellency Governor King has done me the Honour most entirely to co­ incide with me in the Propriety of my removal, and of the Spot, which I have chosen for the Settlement, about the middle of an extensive and safe river, flowing into the Sea at the Extremity

* Note 146. 276 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. of the Southern Part of Van Dieman's Land. A Port, the 6 Aug. advantages of which when once known, will ensure its being the general rendezvous of all Shipping bound into these Seas. I shall be extremely anxious until I shall be informed that my Proceedings in this respect have met Your Lordship's Appro­ bation. Co-operation I cannot conclude this Letter without assuring your Lordship, of P. G. King. that since my arrival in this part of the world, Governor King has evinced the greatest desire to co-operate with me in every point, that can benefit the Settlement under my Command. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.] ACCOUNT OF PROSPECTS OF WHALING AT THE DERWENT BY MR. WM. COLLINS* 4th August, 1804. Report on THE River Derwent is most advantageously situated for the prospects of Establishment and carrying on of a South Sea Whale Fishery, whaling at the Derwent by for which Purpose it is requisite there should be a resident Agent W. Collins. on tBe Spot to superintend the works and People that are neces­ sary, and have the direction of the Ships and Vessels employed; the following is a Plan I conceive most eligible, and as it is attended with a certainty of success, less risque is run than in the Pursuit of a Fishery immediately directed from England. Two or three Ships, not exceeding 250 Tons each, should be fitted out with every Article that has been found necessary for the pursuit of a South Sea Sperma Whale Fishery; and as it is intended these vessels should continue and be employed in the Country, solely for the purpose of fishing and bringing their Cargoes to the Factory in the Derwent, they should be supplied with all Stores and Provisions necessary for three or four Years, independent of which they should be supplied with as many Staves and Hoops as would set up Casks to contain 800 Tons of Oil, with forty orfifty Try-Pot s and other materials necessary to produce it in a pure state; the following extra Artificers should be sent out for the Shore Service, with every material for the use of their respective employments, Vizt., 3 Carpenters, 2 Black­ smiths, and 2 Coopers. As every Person employed in such a concern should be paid by lays, or proportions of the net proceeds of the Fishery, it would be necessary for these points to be settled previous to the Ships leaving England; as such People, may have to continue some years in the Country, a different Establishment than the common one may be found necessary. I would also recommend that every Material except wood should be sent out for the purpose of building a Schooner of 60 or 70 Tons,

* Note 22. COLLINS TO HOBART. 277

to be employed in landing People in different Islands, for the 1804. purposes of Sealing, and killing the Sea Elephant for its valu- 6 Aug. able Oil. Report on Shipsfitted ou t in the above manner, and intended to put whafing at the these Plans into Execution, should arrive here in the Months of ^^J^7 September or October, that there may be sufficient time for the Agent or Director of the concern to erect temporary Store, Boil­ ing or Frying Houses, that the extra Stores and Provisions may be landed, and the Ships got ready to proceed to the Sperma Whale Fishing Ground, so as to be there thefirst o f the Season, which commences in December and continues till April; by the time of their return everything might be got ready at the Factory to receive their Cargoes, and in time sufficient for them to pursue the Black Whale Fishery, which commences here early in July and continues till September. Storm Bay, Storm Bay Passage, Frederick Henry Bay, and the River Derwent abound with Black Whale, or Right Fish, during these Months, and, by having the means, Oil enough may be procured on the Spot to freight home a dozen Ships yearly. I point out this as one of the great advantages that a concern fixed here would derive, as every opportunity might be taken of killing Black Whales, having frequently seen them out of the regular season in considerable numbers. During the Months of July, August, and September, they are so numerous that we have great Numbers of them in the Shoal parts of the River Derwent, and I have seen 50 or 60 Fish at a time from the present Settle­ ment. Independent of the great profits that may accrue by means of the above-mentioned Plan, there is a second opening that will prove highly advantageous to a concern that speculates this way. The Ships fitted out for this expedition should be supplied with those European Articles that will sell to advantage in this Country, of which I have herewith annexed a List. As Ships must be employed between this and England, to carry Home the produce of the Fishery, everything might be sent in them (on advice from the Agent) that may tend to the good of the Concern, and there is no doubt but that two, if not three, Ships may be kept constantly going. The River Derwent is as particularly well adapted for the pur­ poses of Ships, or carrying on a Fishery, as the Greenland or any other London Dock. It produces plenty of fine Timber for all purposes of Building, and good Spars to answer for Masts and Yards, etc., and on application a sufficient Quantity of Land may be obtained for producing such supplies as all people employed in this Country must stand in need of. 278 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Exclusive of the advantages herein mentioned, a great deal 6 Aug. may be effected by the Purchase of Oil and Skins from the small Report on Colonial Vessels of Port Jackson, which European Commodities prospects of whaling at the will always command, and which will abundantly repay to make Derwent by returns with. W. Collins.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch marked "Separate," per ship Lady Barlow; acknowledged by Governor King, 10th September, 1804.) 18 Aug. 18th August, 1804. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

[Enclosure Xo. 1.] DEPUTY-COMMISSARY FOSBROOK TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS, Sir, Hunter's Island, Derwent River, 14th Augst., 1804. Adverse report I beg leave to inform you that the Flour and Pork received on shipment of pork and flour. from Port Jackson by the Lady Barlow appears of a. very bad quality, the Flour seems to have been in Store a great length of Time and is full of weevils, the Pork is rusty, and by the badness of the casks most of the Pickle must have leaked out. As there appeared much discontent amongst the People who were Served with that Provision on Saturday, I have to request you will be pleased to order a Survey to be held thereon. I am, &c, LEONARD FOSBROOK, Dy. Commissary. [Enclosure No. 2.] REPORT OF SURVEY ON PROVISIONS. Report of WE whose Names are hereunto Subscribed, do hereby Certify survey on pork and flour. upon Oath, that We at the Order of His Honor David Collins Esquire Lieutenant Colonel of the Royal Marine Forces and Lieutenant Governor of His Majestys Settlements Sullivan Cove River Derwent, Van Dieman's Land, have taken a Strict and Impartial Survey of His Majesty's Victualling Stores at Hunters Island and find as follows: 198 Tierces of Pork Said to Contain 63,320 Pounds is in our Opinion Unfit to be issued at the Established Ration, owing to its being very old, Rusty and a great part of it Rotten there not being any Pickle in some Casks, caused in our Opinion from the length of time it has been Pickled, Several of which Appar­ ently in a good State previous to opening did not contain any. The Whole of the Casks appear not to have Received any Damage from Stowage. The Contents of some of the above COLLINS TO KING. 279

Casks are entirely unfit to issue, therefore on the Whole we 1804. conceive there will inevitably be a loss of One Third on One 18 Aug' half, and a loss of One half on the Remainder. Report of 363 Casks of Flour said to Contain 140,762 Pounds, appear porkTndflour. to us to have been Repacked, are all full of Maggots, Whevels, Rotten and unfit for Men to eat and which can only be used for the purpose of feeding Stock. All which Provisions are said to have been Received from His Majesty's Victualling Stores at Port Jackson in the Lady Bar­ low, Commanded by Captain Allan McAskill on the fourteenth day of this Month. Given Under our Hands at Hunters Island, near Hobart Town, Sullivan Cove, Derwent River, this 17th Day of August 1804. WM. COLLINS. MATTUW. BOWDEN. ALLAN MCASKILL.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. 19th August, 1804. 19 Aug. [The following extract only of this despatch is available:—] I have caused Your Excellency's proclamation* respecting Proclamation American Ships to be made Public in the Settlement. published.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR 'COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per ship Alexander; acknowledged by Governor King, 8th January, 1805.) Sir, Hobart Town, 1st Septr., 1804. 1 sept. I have the Honour to inclose a List of Male and Female Return of Prisoners, who have been added to my original numbers from the P"s°ners. late Establishment at Risdon Cove, and from Port Jackson by the Integrity Colonial Cutter, and by the Lady Barlow. Wm. Garrett,' one of the Prisoners who were left here from the Request for Risdon Cove, informing me that the Term of his Transportation $convicte. is expired, I have to request Your Excellency will cause me to be furnished with the Time of Transportation of the several Persons named in the above mentioned List, and that the same may be sent with any other Prisoners who may be ordered to serve in this Settlement. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.] [A copy of this list is not available.] * Note 147. 280 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 10 Sept. (Despatch per schooner George; acknowledged by lieutenant-governor Collins, 8th December, 1804.) Sir, Sydney, September 10th, 1804. Despatch I have received your separate Letter dated 18th August, acknowledged. 1804—Enclosing a Letter from the Deputy Commissary to you complaining of the Flour and Salt Pork sent by the Lady Bar­ low, and the Report of a Survey verified on Oath, which you had caused to be taken in Consequence thereof. Reason for On this subject, it is necessary I should inform you that the shipment per ship Lady various Services I have to execute with the Vessels belonging to Barlow. the Crown in Settling Port Dalrymple, and the partial removal of Settlers from Norfolk Island to that place, determined me on availing myself of the offer of the Lady Barlow to carry you a supply of Provisions, Grain, and Stock etc. I was the more anxious to embrace that occasion as I did not know the Contents of your Provision Store, and being apprehensive lest any accident should have happened to the Ocean. Considering that you had no Mills to grind Wheat, and the risque of that Grain Spoiling on the Passage, I judged it most advisable to direct Flour being sent; On seeing the Report of Survey, I was much surprised tofind tha t the whole of the Flour Report by was Condemned and a great part of the Salt Pork. On receiving commissary that Report, being at . I directed the Commissary to at Svdnev. give me an Account of the Provisions he sent; his Answer I en­ close. And that the quality of the English Flour under Issue might be ascertained, I gave the enclosed General Order, and as the Military preferred that kind of Elour to Wheat, I required from the Commissary a Statement of the loss on issuing the Rations to the Military on the Saturday after I received the Report of the Survey at your Settlement. Experience By which you will observe that out of 3,981 Lbs. of Flour, in issue of there was only a deficiency of 338 lbs. by loss of Issue and bad similar flour and pork. Flour—which is not a 12th. And on 1,619 lbs. of Pork the deficiency was only 101 Lbs., or a 16th. This deficiency on the Flour arises from the length of time it has been kept since it left England in 1801. That, which we found unfit to issue, has been put apart and formed the whole of the 13,440 lbs. contained in the 40 Casks expressed in the Invoice as damaged Flour, and no Charge set against it. But the 372 Casks containing 143,786 Lbs. is precisefy in the same state as that now under issue at this place. From this Statement, I hope that notwithstanding the Survey­ ing Gentlemen have so generally condemned the Provisions sent from hence, Yet that a great proportion of it may be selected as COLLINS TO KING. 281 tit to Issue. And the quantity that is unfit to be eaten by Men isoi. may be appropriated to feeding the Swine. 'ep ' After deducting a Sixth from the 143,786 lbs. for the loss on Estimate of account of bad Flour and issuing, (as our loss is only a 12th). ,„ store. the Remainder I hope will last upwards of 30 weeks for your number of Full Rations, 421, which will be more than a Years Flour with the Remains in your Store from the 18th last July— And respecting the Salt Pork, after deducting a 12th from the 63,960 Lbs. sent, the residue, with the Remains in your Stores on the 18th July, I hope will last as long as the Flour, but it will be necessary to use that which you received by the Lady Barlow first, being the Oldest Provisions. I have, &c, PHILIP GIDLEY KING. [Enclosures Nos. 1 and 2.] [The commissary's report and the general order will be found on pages 157 and 270, volume V, series I.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per transport Alexander; acknowledged by Governor King, 8th January, 1805.) Sir, Hobart Town, Derwent River, 11th Sepr., 1804. " Sept. The return* which accompanies this, would have been sent Return •by the Lady Barlow, had I noticed it previous to her departure, but the Packet in which it was inclosed being marked, " Dupli­ cate by the Nancy 20. April 1804 " I did not open until this day, knowing that I had received the original, and conceiving that the Duplicate could contain nothing more than what I had before received. I trust this will be a sufficient Excuse for my not baving before sent the return, and that the delay will not have been attended with any inconvenience. Among the Inclosures which this Duplicate covered, I perceive Proclamation a Proclamation-!- under your Excellency's Signature, respecting le the Security and Protection afforded to the Natives of New South Wales in their Persons and Property. This essential point having formed an article in my Instructions, I should have issued a General Order at Port Phillip to the same effect, and would have repeated it here, had I found the Natives of this part of inclined to come in our way. but at present we have not any intercourse with them, which I do not much regret; and not finding any disposition to straggle among my People, I shall wait until my Numbers are increased, when I shall deem it necessary to inform the whole, that the Aborigines of this Country are as much under the Protection of the Laws of Great Britain, as themselves. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

* Note 148. f Note 149. 282 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 30 Sept. (Despatch per schooner George; acknowledged by lieutenant-governor Collins, 8th December, 1804.) Sir, ' Sydney, New South Wales, 30th September, 1804. I have had the honor of receiving your letters dated as p'r margin.* Relations I am much concerned at the unfortunate event of the party with natives. at jjjS(jon Cove being compelled to fire on the Natives, but I hope the measure you had in contemplation to gain their confi­ dence has succeeded. I have confirmed the opinion you gave respecting no Natives being sent or taken to England, as such measures, are contrary to the wish of Government. I observe you have taken on you the whole command of the Establishment at Risdon Cove agreeable to my directions. lanRefusad granl otf to Respecting the Settlers Birt and Clark, as I find the former W. Birt is returned here, I have refused giving him any allotment of ground in this place, as he ought to be remained at the Derwent, and the reason he assigned to you not showing that inclination for Agricultural Labour which a settler should possess. General order From some late circumstances, I found it necessary to give sh/ppinf" the enclosed General Order, which I have to request you will publish in your Government, and cause every attention to be paid to it, for the obvious reason of checking as much as possible the resort of strangers to these Settlements, which can be attended with no other consequences than depriving those who have the best claim to any benefit that may be derived from the local Advantages of these Settlements, which have been formed and are maintained at so great an expense to the parent State. Anxiety for It afforded me great pleasure to see the Ocean was in exist- bcean. ence, which I began to doubt, and could not avoid expressing my apprehensions to the Minister in my Despatches of the 21st of August, sent by the Albion Whaler going- direct to England. It was particularly unfortunate that a Ship, which afterwards turned out to be the Ocean, was close to the Heads on the 18th August, but was driven to the Southward by the rapid currents so usual on this Coast. No consideration could induce the Master of the Albion to wait until the ship arrived. She sailed • the 21st August, and on the 24th the Ocean arrived with your letter of 31st July, which I should have been glad to have for­ warded; however, I transmitted your letter of the loth May, which will be acceptable. l cannot bllt awooch-iff'assistance. s regret that the Calcutta did not remain to see .!f"sA1_°f. you s^e at tbe end °* y°ur destination. When I made the request, I did, to Capt. Woodriff on that behalf, by the Ocean's return from hence to Port Phillip, I conceived that assistance might have been provided for in his Orders; but, as I never had * The margin is blank in copy available. KING TO COLLINS. 283 the honor of knowing what they were, I must conclude that Capt. 1804 Woodriff would not have left you but for such reasons as appeared __!£ ' to him sufficiently satisfactory. Certain it is that, if he had g^™.^ gone with you, the detention would have been only while he was refusal of re-embarking your Establishment, etc., and perhaps a fortnight's assistance. going with a fair wind, and delivering it at the Derwent, which would have saved Government at least half the hire of the Ocean, as I calculated on the service being performed in four months, which it would have been, and in much less time, if Captain Woodriff had conceived himself warranted to have remained. I am much concerned at the sickly state of the remainder of your Establishment, when they arrived by the Ocean, but hope from your accounts of the abundance of Kangaroo that any re­ mains of the scurvy will soon be eradicated, and the strength restored of those who have been ailing. ot I am glad you have availed yourself of Clark, the stonemason's £w™^{ services; he has always been an extreme good character here, D. Collins. and I have no doubt will be of much public service to your Settlement. I observe with pleasure the progress making in your public buildings, and those for the accomodation of your Colonists, which I hope will place all in that security and shelter you are so assiduously endeavouring to effect. The promising appear­ ance of the grain that has been sowed is a very satisfactory information. s I was much gratified that the opportunity afforded by the ^p^ ts owners of the Lady Barlow enabled me to forward you those per ship supplies, which a Colony like yours should be furnished with as Lady Barlow- soon as possible. These supplies of stock, and the means of keeping your labourers at constant work by not being obliged to reduce the ration, will set the Colony placed under your direc­ tion seven years before this at itsfirst bein g settled with respect to stock. I am much concerned at the account you gave me of the badness of the provisions, sent from the stores at this place by the Lady Barlow, for my observations on which I refer you to a separate letter. e d Had the Lady Barlow returned to the Derwent, which was in ^;°P°* o f sMp contemplation, I intended sending thirty women, twenty-seven La'dy Barlow to cows, one mare andfifty ewe s by that ship. The cows and mare the Derwent- would have completed the numbers, arrived here by the Lady Barlow and Buffalo, which I have appropriated to your settle­ ment. It was intended by the owners to have sent two thousand bushels of wheat on their own account, with an assurance of mine that it should be received into your Stores at 10s. per bushel, which is an I thought might have been allowed 284 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. for the advantage of sending the remainder of your cattle, etc. 30 Sept. But, as I could not agree to give the Owners as much in addition as they required, that intention is done away with. When a proper opportunity may offer of sending the women and the remainder of the stock I shall not neglect it. Exchange of Mr. Bowen has applied to me respecting a mare he left at the live stock by Derwent, and has offered her for some breeding stock. As he J. Bowen. gave £120 for her at this place, he has offered her at that price. I have therefore directed the Commissary to give Mr. Bowen four cows in exchange for that useful animal, which you wiU have the goodness to consider as the property of the Crown as a brood mare, and direct the Deputy Commissary to transmit five receipts to Mr. Palmer. I shall therefore consider that you have only a claim to twenty three cows of the remains of those brought by the Buffalo and Lady Barlow that you have not received. Importation Captain McAskill's information to you respecting my allowing of spirits to him to take down 1,200 gallons of spirits, with other Articles. the Derwent. which he had brought from India for sale to the Officers and such others as you might approve of, was correct. No price was limited hy me otherwise than the Proclamation, which you rightly considered as binding on you. It is equally correct that I did not give him that permission respecting the Spirits, until he reduced the price of his freight from one thousand to eight hundred pounds. For the reasons you so judiciously state on that head, I cannot but approve of what you have done therein. And, in all cases where any vessel arriving at your Government with spirits for sale from hence, if they do not produce a letter from me or the Officer in Command that they have permission to carry it, and the limited price which they are not to exceed, It is my desire that no part of such spirits may be landed or otherwise disposed of. Issue of In answer to your separate letter of the 19th August, respect­ commissariat ing the Officers' application to you to allow them a proportion notes to officers. ol paper currency, issued by you, to he returned in grain or stock in two years for the reasons stated in their application, and your reasons for having complied with their wishes, in which I consider you have acted according to the necessity of the moment, and the impossibility of those Gentlemen furnishing themselves without an aid of that kind, from the difficulty they find in negociating their private Bills on their Agents. But, as it is an expense incurred to the Service of the Establishment under your Command, I conceive the most eligible mode will be for you to direct the Deputy Commissary to consolidate such of those Bills, as you may deem yourself warranted in giving out once a quarter, or once a year, and to keep them in circulation within KING TO COLLINS. 285

the limits of your Government, as I am sorry to say means are „18,04- now using here to counterfeit them, which may lead to a com­ plicated and extensive evil. In case a perusal of the Instructions, I directed Major Foveaux instructions to to give the Deputy Commissary at Norfolk Island, may be con- ^orfoij?island. sidered by you as necessary to adopt wholly or in part, I enclose a copy thereof; and, as the public accounts have been sent from thence as well as from this place according to that method, I beg to suggest to you the propriety of all the accounts being made out in the same manner, which is nearly the same as the Secretary of State's Instructions to you, except being more in detail. In answer to your separate letter of 16th May last, respecting sealed orders the Sealed Orders* I left with Lieutenant Bowen not to be j. Bowen. opened but on the appearance of French Ships or Vessels-, the intent and meaning of that Order is now done away with by the Settlement at the Derwent being- under your direction, the intervention of the French War, and the Instructions I have received to form a Settlement at Port Dalrymple. There is a circumstance, which has struck me, and which I Geographical , » . .,, . , . , nomenclature liave no doubt will operate with you, respecting using the names to be adopted given by the Frenchf to the different points, islands, etc., in your in Tasmama- neighbourhood. I shall not enter into any designation how far a prior discovery gives claims to occupancy, but, as Van Diemen's Land is wholly included within the British Limits, I think it would be advisable, and may be eventually consequential, to retain the names given by thefirst Englis h discoverersf or ex­ plorers. It therefore appears to me that some English name should be substituted for the plateaux, Adamson's Harbour for the entrance of the Huon, etc., according to the appellation given by Captain Cook, Furneaux, Hayes and Flinders, all which charts:}: I believe you are possessed of. On the 2nd instant, the Lady Barlow arrived with your several Despatches letters and their enclosures. I am sorry, from the tempestuous a< weather that ship encountered on her passage, that two of the cows died, and that seven more died after they landed; however, I trust the hopes you express that no more of them will die from the consequences of their voyage will be verified Your public letters, as well as the private ones that were forwarded by the Ocean and Lady Barlow, will be forwarded with my Despatches hy the latter ship, which will leave this for England early in December. I have, &c, PHILIP GIDLEY KING. [Enclosure No. 1.] [A copy of the general order will be found on pages 92 and 93, volume V, series I.]

* Note 150. t Note 151. t Note 98. 286 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

. 1804. [Enclosure No. 2.] 30 Sept. [A copy of the instructions to lieutenant-governor Foveaux will be found on page 2k et seq., volume V, series I.] [Copies of two other despatches, both dated 30th September, and two dated 27th September and 3rd October, are not avail­ able, except the two paragraphs on page 289, volume V, series I.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. (Despatch per whaler Alexander.) Government House, Hobart Town, Derwent River, 10 Nov. My Lord, Van Dieman's Land, 10th November, 1804. Departure The Master of the Alexander Whaler, who had been fishing of ship in this Neighbourhood, having signified to me that it was his Alexander. intention, being nearly a full Ship, to proceed direct from Port Jackson to England, I conceive it my Duty not to lose an oppor­ tunity thus offered of communicating my present Situation to your Lordship. I had the Honor of writing fully to your Lordship, by the Ocean Store Ship, which sailed hence the 9th of August last. At that time there were only 29 Persons in the Surgeon's report of Outbreak of Sick and Lame, but I am much concerned to have to state scurvy. that from that Period to the present the Scurvy has broke out among the People in an alarming Degree. Unfortunately for us, the Sourness of the new Ground, which we had turned up, im­ peded vegetation, and not being able to devise any other check to the disease than by supplying fresh Meat to those who were afflicted therewith, I directed the Deputy Commissary to receive Lsue of Kangooroo into the Public Store at 6d. Per lb. from any one who kangaroo meat. might deliver it, and I have the satisfaction of acquainting your Lordship that though some have died, yet many Lives have been preserved by the adoption of this Measure. The Meat of this Animal being boiled into Soup with Rice and such Vegetables as I could from time to time furnish from the Government Garden, not less than 60 Persons have been at different times supplied with a Quart each from the Hospital. The Season of the Year has been adverse to my deriving much aid from Fish—but what­ ever has been in my Power I have sent to the Sick. Deaths of Among those who have died, I have to regret the loss of some artificers. Sawyers and Carpenters; but I trust that many Months will not elapse, before I shall receive Recruits in these very useful Branches. Returns I inclose for your Lordship's Information the Copy of a Letter transmitted. which I have received from the Surgeon on the good effects which COLLINS TO HOBART. 287 might attend a daily delivery of Soup to the Sick and Weak, 1804. together with a return of the persons who have died since the I0 Nov- departure of the Ocean. Our Weather is extremely variable, but as yet we have not experienced the burning Land Winds with which we were annoyed at Port Phillip. The Ground that is under Cultivation Agricultural I have every reason to think from its present appearance will be plospec s- very abundant the ensuing Season; the greater part of the Wheat, Oats, and Rye, promising to be more productive now than I could have expected from the shortness of time in which we had to work and crop the Ground. Some Draught Bullocks, which were sent me by Governor King, will be very usefully employed at the Plough, and the Condition of the Ground will I hope be much improved by the Introduction of the Dung that we are collecting in the Stock Yard. The Gardens have suffered considerably within these few Prevalence Nights by a sharp frost that totally destroyed the young Plants, and I very much fear from what I learned from Mr. Bowen the late Commandant at Risdon Cove, that the climate is far too cold for Indian Corn, frosty Nights having been frequently met with in the Middle of the Summer. Every Species of Stock is increasing fast, both public and pri- increase of i , , T-, -r -i i • -n • livestock. vate; that belonging to Government your Lordship will perceive by the return which I have inclosed herewith. I also inclose the Medical report of Sick and Lame of the day, the Number of improvement which I have every hope will be daily decreasing, as the Surgeon colonists. assures me there is but one of the whole number about whom he entertains any apprehensions; of those who are well there are many, (as I have before stated) who are onlyfit fo r Hutkeepers. Weak, however, as I am, we have not been idle. I have erected a temporary Storehouse—secured the Powder in an excellent Maga- Public zine, built with Stone—the Military are in a temporary Barrack erected85 —the Prisoners are all hutted, and I am constructing Houses for the Officers, some of whom have at their own expence, with occa­ sional aid from Government, built themselves temporary Habi­ tations, but, had more Artificers and Mechanics been sent out, we should have got on much faster. I have the satisfaction of Stating that no where can better Manufacture or more durable Bricks be found than what are made from the tues™'" an<1 Clay of this Country. I have just had a Kiln containing about 30,000 burnt off, in which I had some Tiles placed as an Experi­ ment, and find them turn out as well as the Bricks. By this means we shall have a safer and more expeditious Covering for our Buildings, than Thatch, which we have hitherto had to bring to the Settlement from a distance by Water. 288 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. I have judged it proper to communicate these few particulars 10 Nov. 0£ our Situation to your Lordship, though I have reason to suppose that the Letters which I shall send by a future oppor­ tunity, may reach England as soon as this, as the Master of this Ship is wholly undetermined as to the Time, when he may leave Port Jackson. Half-yearly I have lately issued (on the 29th Ulto.) Six Months Cloathing clothing. to the Prisoners and have as much more remaining unmade, which will be got ready forthwith. When these are served out I shall have issued the two Tears Cloathing that was sent out with me from England. Returns and I have the Honor to inclose the remains of Cloathing and requisitions. Provisions together with a Copy of the Demands for Stores Provisions and Medicines, which were forwarded to your Lord- shig in my Letter by the Ocean. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.]

SURGEON 1'ANSON TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. Sir, General Hospital, Hobart Town, Sth Sepr., 1804. Proposed issue From the general prevalence of that malignant Disease, meat.nSal°° the Sea Scurvy, amongst the Convicts, and which I am sorry to say appears to be gaining ground daily, I feel it my Duty to represent to you that, as a Vegetable Diet (the most certain and effectual remedy) cannot at present be obtained, I am of Opinion a supply of fresh Animal Food as Kangooroo would have a good effect in subduing the Disease. I have, &c, W. 1'ANSON, Surgeon.

[Enclosure No. 2.] Return of RETURN of Persons who have Died between the 9th August and deaths- the 9th November, 1804 (both days Inclusive).

Names. Quality. Time when. Place where. Disease. Trades and Occupations.

Philip Porter ... Prisoner 11th Augt., 1804 Hobart Town Dropsy Labourer. James Alexander Do 13 Sep'r. Do Scurvy Weaver. James Ryley ... Do 17 „ Do Catarrh Cabinet Maker John Whitehead Do 20 „ . „ Do Scurvv Waterman. Robert Walsh Do 27 „ Do Do* Printer. John Isaacs ... Do 2d Oct'r., „ Do Do Mariner. Joseph Rose ... Do 12 „ Do Do Labourer. Geo. Marshall... Do 19 „ Do Do Sawyer. Thos. Bromley Do 28 „ Do Do Labourer. Richd. Meridon Do 7 Nov'r., ., Do Do Do Edwd. Deacon Do 8 „ Do Do Brickmaker.

DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Govr. COLLINS TO HOBAET. 289

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1804. LIEUTEXANT-GOVERNOP. COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. 10 Nov. (Despatch per whaler Alexander; acknowledged by Governor King, 8th January, 1805.) Sir, Hobart Town, Derwent River, 10th Novr., 1804. Being in the daily Hope of having a more prompt and direct opportunity of communicating with your Excellency than what offers by the Alexander Whaler, whose arrival at Port Jack­ son the Master himself cannotfix, I shall only briefly state a few general particulars of our present Situation for your knowledge. The Ocean left me on the 9th of August last, since which Time Prevalence the Scurvy has carried off Nine of the Prisoners, and twenty of scurvy. one others, are still labouring under that disease, as your Excel­ lency will observe by the inclosed Copy of the Surgeon's report of the Sick and Lame of this Day. To check its progress as far as I was able I directed the Commissary to receive Kangaroo into the Public Stores, at 6d. per lb. from any Person who might Issue of bring it, and issue the same to the General Hospital, where it was kangaroo meat, boiled into Soup, with rice and such vegetables as I could from time to time send in from the Garden, and I have the satis­ faction of learning from the Surgeon, that by adopting this measure, we have saved many Lives. I have unfortunately lost several useful Men, and at a time when from the smallness of my numbers I could ill spare them, but I hope that a very short period will elapse before I shall be reinforced from England. Report on The Stock that I received by the Lady Barlow is doing well, livestock. an.fl increasing fast, particularly the Hogs, as your Excellency will perceive by the inclosed return. I know not what I should have done to have fed these Animals, had it not been for the Indian Corn and damaged Flour which were sent with them. I have with some little trouble got the five Oxen to draw, and they will be very usefully employed at the Plough. Agricultural ^e Wheat and other Grain looks well in general, but the best prospects. 0f it is in Patches, on those spots on which Fires were made when the Ground was clearing. So soon however as it is ready. I shall have it cleared of the Stumps and well Ploughed, and I hope to give it some Improvement by the Dung, which the Stock Yard will furnish. Manufacture of I send Your Excellency by Captain Bhodes a Specimen of our bricks and tiles. clay manufaetUred into' Bricks. I have also had some Tiles burnt which correspond with the Bricks in colour and hardness. I have had near 30,000 Bricks burnt, -which I shallfind an acqui­ sition, having a great number of Chimneys to build. In a former Letter I applied to your Excellency for some Shingles, but the Tiles will prove a much cheaper, safer, and more expeditious method of covering our roofs. COLLINS TO KING. 291

I shall not enter into any further details at present, from the 1804. reasons stated in the beginning of this Letter but have the Honour to remain etc., DAVID COLLINS. P.S.—I should have sent the Cloathing belonging to the Port Jackson Stores by this Ship, but the Master said he had not room sufficient—Your Excellency may however be assured it shall be sent by thefirst saf e and direct opportunity. I inclose the remains of Provisions on the 9th Inst, in which Return of those by the Lady Barlow are not included, and a return of the pi° Numbers who have died since the departure of the Ocean. [Enclosure No. 1.] [In the returns, signed by surgeon I'Anson, and dated 10th Return of sick. November, 180k, there were three marines,five fre e persons, and twenty-eight prisoners sick. Of the thirty-six, scurvy cases num­ bered 21; diarrhoea, 5; debility, 2; ophthalmia, 1; catarrh, 2; consumption, 1; lame, 1; dislocated toe, 1; contused knee, 1; sore head, 1.] [Enclosure No. 3.] [A copy of the return of remains of provisions, is not available.] [Enclosures Nos. 2 and 4.] [These were copies of enclosures numbered 3 and 2; see pages 289 and 288.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. 29th November, 1804. 29 Nov. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch No. 14, per schooner George; acknowledged by Governor King, 8th January, 1805.) Hobart Town, Yan Dieman's Land, Sir, 8th December, 1804. s Dec. On the 28th Ulto. I was honored by the Receipt of your Despatches Excellency's several Letters dated as per Margin.* Previous toacKr0 W e ge - the Receipt of these Dispatches I had availed myself of the departure hence of the Master of the Alexander Whaler to inform your Excellency briefly of my then Situation, Duplicates of which Letters accompany this. Hearing that the Cedar Tree was to be found in Adventure Bay, and Captain Rhodes proposing to Anchor there for a day or two before he proceeded to Sea, I embraced the opportunity of Exploration of sending thither the Deputy Surveyor-General, accompanied by Huonmer'

* Marginal note.—Sept. 10, 1804; Sep. 27'; Sep. 30, Separate; Sep. SO, Genl. Letter; Sep. 30 ; Oct. 3d. 292 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Mr. Knopwood, who I directed to look into and examine the 8 Dec. River named by the French the Huon. They were absent on Exploration of this Service thirteen days, during which they had the assistance Huon river. of Captain Rhodes and his Boats; and I now enclose, for Your Excellency^ information, a Copy of Mr. Harris's Report, with an Eye-sketch of the River. The bearings of the different Points having been taken by Compass, the relative position of the two Rivers (the Huon and the Dervvent) may, I think, be depended on, and it does not seem improbable that the source of each may be the same. There is a run of Water in the space between the two Rivers, which was seen by Messrs. Brown and Humphrey in an excursion made some time since by those Gentlemen, who also saw the Plains laid down in the Chart by Mr. Harris. Geographical I am entirely of opinion with Your Excellency respecting not nomenclature. only the Propriety of giving other names,* but the impropriety of retaining those names which have been given by the French to places in this Neighbourhood, and certainly think those Navi­ gators of our own who have preceded them have a priority of claim to the right of Nomination. I am not at present in posses­ sion of the Chartsf you mention, but Your Excellency can correct Mr. Harris's Survey, in which I perceive he has given names to a few places, which may remain or not as you will think proper. The Mountain in my Vicinity (which in the French Chart is named Le Plateau), from some similarity in its appearance to that at the Cape of Good Hope, I have denominated the Table Mountain, but I have not altered any English name wherever I have found one given. General orders Your Excellency's General Order defining the Limits of my published. Jurisdiction in this part of New Holland was read by the Chap­ lain on Sunday last during the performance of Divine Service, and has since been published in the General Orders of this Settlement, as has likewise the Official Paper which I received from Your Excellency respecting Foreign Vessels clearing out within the Territory of New South Wales and its Dependencies as you will perceive by the inclosed printed Copies thereof.

Improvement I have much satisfaction in reporting that our Sick List isf in health of considerably reduced since the date of my Letters upon that settlement. subject, and I hope the Scurvy is effectually checked, there being at this time not more than two or three Persons afflicted there­ with. I send Your Excellency a Copy of the Surgeon's Report Medicines of this day. That Gentleman has informed me that the Bark required. which was sent from England for the use of the Hospital (20 lbs. only), and some that was delivered from the Calcutta, is all ex­ pended. It has been an Article much used, and I have included it in a demand for Medicines and Hospital Stores, which I have

* Note 151. t Note 9S. COLLINS TO KING. 293 sent home, but if we could in the mean time be supplied with a 1804. small quantity from Port Jackson, we should be essentially benefited. We are also much in want of Vinegar, as well for the Hospital as for other purposes. The Mare, late the property of Captain Bowen, has been added Live stock. to the Government Stock, for which five Receipts have been signed by the Deputy Commissary, and I am preparing Accomo­ dations for the reception of the Cattle, etc. enumerated in your General Letter of the 30th of September last. The whole of the Stock is doing well and I have not a doubt that Sheep will thrive here very fast. The Bills of the Paper Currency which had been taken from Consolidation of the Officers by Captn. McAskill having been returned by Mr. f™™*™™1 Campbell to the Deputy Commissary for Liquidation, I directed that Officer to Consolidate them into one Bill on the Treasury, ivhich I had no longer any hesitation in ordering, as the measure met with your Excellency's approbation, and I shall in future Consolidate such Bills, as I may think it necessary to issue for the Payment of the Salaries of Superintendents at stated Periods, agreeable to Your Excellency's recommendation on that head. I am not surprised at the Information that means were using at Attempts to Sydney to counterfeit them, but I imagine it would prove a more iss«e counterfelt i • rr* i • • i i notes. difficult operation so to imitate them as to prevent detection here when examined by those concerned infitting them up than may be supposed. I can readily believe they might succeed with the Generality of People, who might not suspect a fraud, (as happens with the Forgeries upon the Bank of England) but should very much doubt their being so accurately Counterfeited in every point as to impose upon those whose business it is to examine them minutely. I think however that the Circulation of them being confined to this Settlement will in a great measure tend to their safety. The Women you destine for this Settlement will be welcome, as would have been the Artificers mentioned by me in a former Letter. From Clark, the Settler, I have, as the Superintendant of the Stone-masons, Bricklayers, etc., received great assistance; he has applied to me for a Breeding Sow, which, thinking him Applications for deserving of, I have promised him. Some few of the most Indus- ^g^toST* trious of the Prisoners have also requested I would allow them to purchase each a Young Sow. As I saw they had the means of supporting them, I did not refuse their Solicitation, but have not as yetfixed an y Price upon the Animals, wishing to be informed by Your Excellency how I am to act with respect to these and other People who may apply to me to purchase any of the Govern­ ment Stock. 294 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. It was a great satisfaction to me tofind tha t you had not dis­ S Dec. approved of my having given Capt'n McAskill the Price he Importation demanded for his Spirits, which have proved a great accomo­ of spirits. dation to the Officers; but Your Excellency may rest assured that however great the accomodation might prove at any time here­ after, in all Cases where any Vessel shall arrive a' this Govern­ ment with Spirits for Sale from Port Jackson, if t e Master does not produce a Letter from Your Excellency or the Officer in Command that he has permission to bring it here, and the Limited Price which he is not to exceed, no part of such Spirits shall be suffered to be landed or be otherwise disposed of. Purchase of The small quantity of Wheat and Maize which had been sent wheat and down by the George for Sale I have purchased, at least what maize. was Merchantable of it (for some was damaged in the Passage), thinking it my duty to make every addition that I reasonably can to the Public Stores in the Article of Food. Five and Twenty Per Cent, only was asked on the Invoice Price of each. I there­ fore directed the Deputy Commissary to purchase and receive as many Bushels of both as were in good condition into His Majesty's Stores: An account whereof is inclosed. Returns I also inclose for Your Excellency's information a Return of transmitted. the Remains of Provisions up to this day, and a General State­ ment of the number of Persons in the Colony with their several Employments. Provisions By the Return of the Remains Your Excellency will perceive in store. for what probable time my Provisions will last, allowing a loss 4 of r 2- on the Flour and of TV on the Pork received by the Lady Barlow. We have great reason to think the loss will not be more on any, but less on some of the Casks, and I shall certainly issue every pound that is eatable. T must however in Justice to the Gentlemen who were on the Survey say that the Casks, which were opened* for their Inspection, were taken indifferently from the whole, and certainly well warranted the Opinion they gave. Instructions to I communicated to Mr. Fosbrook the Instructions given by commissary. Your Excellency in the Commissary's Department, which were inclosed in yours of the 30th of September, and have now the honor to enclose the Sealed Letter,* which was left with the late Commandant at Risdon Cove. Desire to I understand from Mr. Stewart that it is very probable the transmit Lady Barlow will not sail for England until February next, returns per ship Lady owing to the late Accident she met with. I have extensive Barlow. accounts in the Civil and Military Departments, which I anxiously wish to transmit to England. They are to be made up to the 31st of this Month; if it were possible any means

* Note 150. COLLINS TO KING. 295

could be adopted for their reaching Port Jackson in time for the 1804. Lady Barlow an opportunity might be embraced of transmitting 8 Dee. them, which might not for some time again occur. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.]

DEPUTY SURVEYOR-GENERAL HARRIS'S REPORT OF SURVEY. REMARKS on Storm Bay Passage, River Huon, and Island Bruny, Report on etc., during an excursion in the Alexander, Whaler, and the Hu^jv<;? and Government Black Cutter, from Thursday, the 15th, to neighbourhood. Wednesday, the 27th of Novr., 1804. N.W. Port.—Thefirst Place in which I had an Opportunity of examining the Country in Storm Bay Passage was on the South side of thefirst Harbo r (Port du Noir Ouest of the French Charts). The Shore is in general Rocky. The Soil is a Whitish Sand, mixed with Stones; The Ground covered with Fern, and the Trees small and stunted in their Growth. At the bottom of the Oove, on the left hand (See the Chart), is a small run of Fresh Water. The Upper Part of the Harbour, as I was informed by the Boat's Crew that went after Swans, is very Shoal with a Small River running'into it. The Country Similar to what I saw; and from appearance the Soil on both Sides of the Passage is nearly alike. River Huon.—At the Mouth of the River Huon is an Island* thickly Wooded and exhibiting a Romantic Appearance. On the WN.W. Side of which, about 1* Mile distant, is a Reef of Sunken Rocks J of a Mile in length, laying nearly E. and W. in a line between the Island and a remarkable Yellow and Red Bluff on the Larboard Shore. These Rocks are not Visible but at low Water, or with a Swell from the Southward, when a heavy Surf breaks on them. The Entrance to the River on the other side of the Island is much narrower, and Some Rocks and Kelp lay off the South Point of the Main La-nd. About 2 Miles from the Entrance, on the right hand, is another Island abounding with the Flax Plant, in the Mouth of a double Cove, in which is a Salt Creek. To this Island we gave the Name of Gardner's Island (after the Hon'ble Capt'n Gardiner).* We here found some parts of Cocoa Nut Shells with the Husk on, apparently drifted for a long time. Above this Cove, about 2 Miles, is the Port des Cygnes* of the French, which I did not go up. The River, about 10 Miles above this, gets very Shoal and full of Drift Wood, and suddenly divides into two small Branches running about N. and N.E. round a largeflat Swampy Island, the South Point of which has an extensive Bed of Mud running

•Note 152. 296 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA. iso4. off it. It continues now an insignificant River (occasionally 8Dec- branching off round Islands as far as thefirst Rapid ) about 16 Report on Miles further up, when it is no longer Navigable. Huonrrivernand The Soil wherever we landed, or could judge from seeing it neighbourhood. from fae Boat, had one Uniform Appearance, consisting of a coarse hard Clay with large Stones—scarcely a blade of Grass on it, but thickly covered with Fern or Scrubby Brush. The Trees principally Blue-Gum and Stringy-Bark, but not of any consider­ able Size; a few Red Wood Trees, called at Hobart Town the Mahogany, grow near the Fall. We saw no Run of Fresh Water from the Mouth to the Fall. The sides are either Steep hills or Swampy Flats. With respect to its eligibility for a "Settlement, I am of Opinion that (independent of the dangerous Reef at the Mouth), were the Soil sufficiently good to warrant it, yet the Want of Runs of Fresh Water would oblige the Settlement to be formed on some part of the River where it is fresh, which, being considerably above the Flats, would be extremely inconvenient, as scarcely a large Boat deeply laden could get over them to carry Stores to or from a Vessell. But the Soil itself is sufficient to deter any ex­ periment being made. After leaving the Huon, in which we were three days, we left the Alexander and went to the Bottom of the Bay—called by the French La Petite Anse* (after passing a Wooded Island, which I named Chapman's Island* in honor of — Chapman, Esq., of Lord Hobart's Office)—when we ascended a very Steep Rocky hill in a direction for Adventure Bay. This was so thickly covered with immense fallen Trees, large Rocks, and thick Brush­ wood, that after several hours' fatigue we were compelled to return. The Country that we saw here was similar to the Banks of the Huon. On the highest part of the hills were very large Tall Trees of a Species of Birch Sasafras and the Red Wood before mentioned. On the 26th we landed in a small Cove on the East Side of Storm Bay Passage, between Isthmus Bay and N.W. Port. The Country here was similar to what we had already seen. On the 27th we again joined the Alexander at the Mouth of the Passage, and the next day arrived at Hobart's Town. In addition to the above, I may remark that the Huon appears to be but seldom visited by Natives. We saw not a single Fire whilst we were there, nor any recent Marks of them. Not a Single Kangaroo was seen, and Animals of every Description (Black Swans and Ducks excepted) appeared unusually scarce. GEO. PRIDEAUX HARRIS, D. Surv'r-General, Hobart Town.

* Note 152. COLLINS TO KING. 297

CAPTAIN MCASKILL'S NOTE ON THE WINTER PASSAGE FROM PORT ISOI. JACKSON TO THE DERWENT RIVER. 8 Dec' IN making a passage in Winter from Port Jackson to the River Note on winter Derwent, I will venture to say a well found Ship will work'd port Jackson down to Cape Pillar by keeping the land on board in 6 or 7 Days. to the Derwcnt- But in rounding Cape Pillar and opening out that large Bay (form'd by the said Cape) and Tasmans Head to the South the Wind almost invariably Blows from W.N.W. to W.S.W. right out of the Bay In sudden Gusts, Severe Squalls, and Heavy Gales, that at times a Ship cannot show a stitch of Canvas, and may be drove out to sea from the very Anchorage off Betsey's Island; Which was in fact the Case with the Lady Barlow, being drove out to sea twice after having been well up the head of the Bay. I should therefore recommend never to lose much time beating between the two said head Lands, but to stand over to the West'd and round Tasman's Head on a Wind for the South Cape, for you are Equally as well shelterd and in smooth water, and with the aforesaid Winds from any part of the So. Cape Shore, a Ship will lay right up Setons Straits commonly call'd Storm Bay Passage for the Derwent where all the way you are in good Anchorage, no Dangers but what are Visible, and well Cover'd from the Said Winds—And I am fully convinc'd who­ ever willfirst attemp t this Passage in a Winter Season will save time and much trouble. ALLAN MACASKILL. [Enclosure No. 2.] GENERAL ORDER.* General order Government House, Hobart Town, defining Van Dieman's Land, 2 December, 1804. ^.governors His Excellency the Governor in Chief having deemed it advisable to in Tasmania. define the limits and jurisdiction of the different Lieut. Governors of Settlements already formed or now forming, dependent on the Terri­ tory of New South Wales, has been pleased to transmit to the Lieut. Governor the following General Orders, defining the extent of the Lieut. Governor's jurisdiction in Van Dieman's Land. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. [Here followed a copy of the first three paragraphs of Governor King's order, dated 24th September, 1804; see page 272, volume V, series I.] GENERAL ORDER. General order Government House, Hobart Town, re foreign Van Dieman's Land, 5th December, 1804. shlPPing- THE Lieut. Governor having received the following Official Paper from His Excellency the Governor in Chief, hereby publishes the same, and requires all Persons, whom it may concern, to pay a strict attention thereto. * Note DAVI103. D COLLINS, Lieut. Governor. [Here followed a copy of the last three paragraphs of Governor King's order dated 11th August, 1804 ; see page 92, volume V, series I.] [Enclosures Nos. 3, 4, and 5.] [Copies of these papers are not available.] 298 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

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1804. [Enclosure No. 8.] 8 Dec. [In the returns, signed by surgeon I'Anson, and dated 8th Return of sick. December, 180k, there were— Marines:—one under treatment for 81 days for ophthalmia; a second 12 days for scurvy; and a third one day for swelled face. Free persons:—one under treatment for 20 days for. rheu­ matism ; a second 42 days for diarrhoea; and a third 11 days for catarrh. Prisoners :—one under treatment 139 days for scurry; another 120 days for debility; another 21 days for strain; another 14 days for catarrh; another 8 days for strain; another 6 days for dis­ located clavicle; another 5 days for swelled testicle; another 2 days for sore hand; another 420 days for lues; another 76 days for diarrhoea; another 31 days for contused knee; and another 11 days for contusion. The last four cases were brought from Port Phillip. Total sick and lame, 18.]

LlEUTEXAXT-GoVERXOR CoLLIXS TO GOVERNOR KlXG. (Despatch marked " Separate," per schooner George; acknowledged by Governor King, 8th January, 1805.) 8th December, 1804. The case of [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 289, volume V. J. Hartley. series I.]'

[Enclosures Nos. 1 and 3.] [Copies of these papers are not available.]

[Enclosure No. 2.] [A copy of the proceedings at Port Phillip will be found on page 123.] [Enclosure No. 4.] Receipt for RECEIPT FOR TOOLS. tools by J. J. Gravey. Hobart Town, 7th Deer., 1804. I DO hereby acknowledge to have taken out of the Box of Tools belonging to Mr. John Hartley the follow'g Tools, etc., my Property, Vizt. 1 Paper of Crocus, Wt. 2 lbs.; 1 Do. of Pump Xails; 1 Gouge; 1 Cooper's Adze; 9 Files; 1 Bench Anvil; 1 P'r of Sheers. As Witness my Hand:—JOHX JACHIM GRAVEY. Signed in the Presence of me:—JOHX J. SUTTON. KING TO COLLINS. 301

[Enclosure No. 5.] 180ii 8 Dec. SURGEON BOWDEN TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. Sir, Hobart Town, 3rd Deer., 1804. In answer to your Enquiries respecting the Case and Medi- Medical report cal Treatment of Mr. John Hartley, a Settler, I have the honor hartley. to inform you that about the first week in May last, I was re­ quested by you to go up to Risdon for the express purpose of visiting Mr. Hartley. As Mr. Mountgarret had the care of the Sick belonging to your Settlement left at Risdon, I begged he would accompany me. We found Mr. H. in a state of debility, occasioned as we appre­ hended from persisting in keeping his Bed. He attributed his present weakness to his hav ing been Ruptured by some ill treat­ ment he experienced on board the Ocean on her Passage from England. The only remedies which the case appeared to us to require was a nutritive Diet with a little Wine. I accordingly sent him at twice a Gallon of Sherry, 8 or 10 pounds of Rice, and Oatmeal at different times. Mr. Mountgarret obligingly said he would call on Mr. Hartley, and would take care that he wanted for nothing in his power to furnish. A few days afterwards being up at Risdon, I visited Mr. H. and found him much better. To the best of my knowledge, Mr. Hartley during his illness did not want for any Medical Treatment or Regimen that the place at that time afforded. I have, &c, MATT'W BOWDEN, Assist. Surgeon.

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship Sophia; acknowledged by lieut.-governor Collins, 26th February, 1805.) 1805. Sir, Sydney, New South Wales, 8th January, 1805. 8 Jan. By the Alexander Whaler I received your Letters with Despatches their Enclosures as pr. Margin,* and a Despatch for my Lord acknowledsed- Hobart dated on the Cover November 10th which I have for­ warded, together with your Letters for England, which came too late to be sent by the Albion, by Lieutenant Bowen who has charge of my Despatches by the Lady Barlow which . . . f I am concerned to learn the Sickly State of your People but I sickness at hope the Measures you have taken will stop the progress of that the Derwent dreadful Disease. It gives me great pleasure to hear that the Stock is doing well, I shall lose no Opportunity of adding to that requisite on which the success of a New Settlement so much depends.

* The margin is blank. f Blank in original. 302 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. The Report of the Appearance of your growing Crops is 8 Jan. far from discouraging and I do not doubt but the Measures you mean to pursue in that Object will procure the wished for success.

Approval of The Bricks you sent as a Sample are thought to be of a very bricks and tiles. fine kind and must be a great acquisition to you for your Build­ ings as well as the Tiles which are a considerable object for Covering. As our Slops are now very much reduced the Receipt of those in your Stores destined for this place will be very acceptable. In your Letter of 29th November I observe that the George Despatches had arrived the day before the Alexander left you—that Vessel acknowledged. arrived here the 31st Ulto. with your Letters dated as pr. Margin.*

Accuracy of I observe Mr. Harris's report which I consider very correct; the survey by Names given by that Gentleman I think should remain and G. P. Harris. when the pressure of Public Business will admit, I will com­ municate the Names given by English Navigators to the different places.' The Chart I have also received which I shall transmit by Lieutenant Bowen; During the Time that Officer commanded at Risden Cove, I sent the Surveyor's Assistant-)- to inform him­ self fully of the nature of the Country in the circuit of 10 or 12 Survey made Miles; as his Survey was principally taken by the Theodolite by James Meehan. and being esteemed a Man of Abilities, I received a part of his plan during Mr. Bowen's Command; From the Assistant's Diary and Sketches he has compiled and justfinished a plan$ in which you will observe that he has laid down your Settlement and the Settlers fixed before he left the Derwent. This plan I will endeavour to get copied and send you by this Conveyance. I do not mean to intrude it as being exact but merely to furnish you with what has been done and that any Errors in it may the more readily fall under your notice, and serve as some Guide to the Deputy Surveyor in his future pursuits. Under the same Idea and Explanation a Copy will be transmitted to the Minister with Mr. Harris's Sketch. Before I quit this Subject I wish you to observe that a very considerable piece of Water in the N.W. Corner of what is called Frederick Henry Bay and a Creek or Rivulet running from it escaped the" Notice of all former Dis­ coverers. You can therefore ascertain it and give it what Name you may judge right. I observe with great Satisfaction the decrease of your sick List and the improving State of Health in your Government.

* The margin is blank. • Note 107. tNote 152A. KING TO COLLINS. 303

As Swine (and indeed all other Stock) when it gets more isos. plentiful will greatly increase and do better by being distributed ' than remaining all in one large Herd, I think your arrangement byg0°Vrnment of disposing of Young Sows to deserving Individuals will be authorised. productive of much general benefit to the Colony. No Sows have been bartered for here by Government, but live Hogs have been received in payment of Government Debts as an indulgence on the part of Government at 8d. pr. Lb., but the general rate among the Inhabitants is ,* you can therefore arrange the price as you may judge proper. By one of your Letters,-)- I observe, that an Application had Land grants been made respecting allowing Officers Grants of Land to culti­ vate. I am truly concerned that I should have overlooked any Application whatever. At the Moment I am writing, I have - not time to look over your Correspondence for that information, but I beg that you will be persuaded and inform the Officers that this ommission has proceeded from nO other Cause than pres­ sure of Business occasioning its being overlooked. You are sufficiently acquainted with every Circumstance on that Head from this Colony being settled until my taking the Government. Soon after I proposed to Government on the appli­ cation of an Officer who had acquired much Land and a large Stock to take it off his Hands at a prescribed and very reasonable price; in answer to that Application I received the enclosed Communication from the Secretary of State. Previous to Colonel Paterson's leaving England, he had direc­ tions that the Officers of the Corps were not to enter into any Agricultural or other pursuits that might interfere with their Military Duty. On a Representation of the Military Officers to His Royal Highness the Commander in Chief stating the neces­ sity of their having some means to supply the wants of their Families and requesting to be permitted to continue the Cultiva­ tion of their Farms, Colonel Paterson informed me that the Duke of York had no objection to their continuing that Object but on the express injunction not to enter into any Traffic. As the Officers here have ever had Lands to Cultivate, I see no just reason why the Officers under Your Government should be excluded from that accommodation to provide an addition to the Ration allowed by Government, and to enable them by the Sale of their overplus produce to procure a part of such Articles as may arrive at the Derwent for their Domestic Use and Comfort. Under these Con­ siderations, you will recommend such proportion of Land not exceeding One hundred Acres to each Officer for which Grants

* Blank in original. f Note 153. 304 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. will be transmitted as early as possible after the descriptions are 8 Jan. received. In recommending Town Leases, you will of course Practice to be consider the quantity of Ground that can be leased with each adopted in town ] House so as not to interfere with your Plan of the Townships you may seefit t o establish. I enclose for your information and guidance the blank form of a grant, also an Extract of the Royal Instructions to the Governor in Chief on that Head. Re-examination I feel a great pleasure in noticing your Attention in causing of provisions per ship so successful a re-examination of the Flour, etc., condemned Pr. Lady Barlow. Survey; from the appearance of the outside flour owing to its Age in many of the Casks the Gentlemen who were on the Survey might have reasonably been supposed to form their Opinions. Your Report on this Subject and the Time your provisions will last has set me much at ease on that important point, and any opportunity that may offer of adding to your Stores I shall not neglect; but I hope direct Supplies will reach you from England before any further Supply from hence may be necessary. Your Reasons for directing the Wheat carried on speculation to be purchased, I cannot but approve. Settlement of J. I approve of the Arrangement you have made respecting Mr. Mountgarrett's Mountgarrett's concerns, and, in the event of your giving the claims. payment of £99 for the House, the conditional request of having Land is done away with. Allegations The Communication* I felt it my Duty to make you respecting and claims made by Mr. Hartley's complaint, which as you justly observe was never J. Hartley. meant to reach your Ears in this Colony is nothing more, in my humble Opinion, than common Justice due from One Gentle­ man to another acting in Public Situations where any part of their Conduct is reflected on by Idle Disappointed and Dis­ affected Characters; for hard indeed and unenviable is any per­ son's situation in a public trust if secret Representations of such a Nature are withheld from their Knowledge and left to operate uncontradicted in the mind of the superior Person to whom such secret Representations are made, to the prejudice of those who could and would be happy in the opportunity of rescuing them­ selves from such assassinating attacks. Your observation respect­ ing Mr. Hartley's being instigated by as great a Villain as can be produced in these Colonies is I believe perfectly just. And I am 'sorry to say that this Colony is plagued and pestered by the Artificers' fraud and litigation of Three Wretches,! here­ tofore a Disgrace to the name of Attornies, who have either expiated their Sentence of the Law or been very injudiciously emancipated. As I am told it is Mr. Hartley's intention to go to England in the Alexander, I shall not trouble the Minister

Note 154. t Note 155. KING TO COLLINS. 305 with the Correspondence and Documents on that Subject, until I isos. am certain whether he goes or not, when I shall transmit every 8 Jan- detail of the Case which you have furnished me with, and which I have no doubt will exonerate you of every Censure thereon. Respecting the Box of Tools, it has been opened and valued by Valuation the Master Builder etc., the amount theyfix a t £29 3s. 1 Jd.—with of tools- this I enclose the Copy of a Letter Mr. Hartley sent in answer to one my Secretary wrote on the George's arrival, together with a Report of the Survey I ordered on the Chest and the valuation of its Contents. Mr. William Collins has made an application to me for being Application allowed to- occupy certain Stations* in Storm Bay Passage and !tations!ing the Derwent to facilitate obtaining the Black Whales that are so frequent thereabouts in the Winter. As* I have ever deemed the encouragement of that pursuit not- only of a Colonial but a national Benefit I am sure you have the same Ideas and will afford Mr. Collins such encouragement as may be compatible with His Majesty's Service. Wishing you Health and Success in your Exertions. I have, &c, PHILIP GIDLEY KING. By the Sophia which takes this Letter, you will receive Twenty Female c 0 s ?ent six Female Convicts mostly those who arrived by the Experiment °J.""h i" among whom are some useful well behaved Women. Three Weeks Sophia. provisions have been put on board for them as well as for Mr. Parish your Overseer who returns by that Conveyance. The Master is directed to deliver the overplus Provisions to the Deputy Commissary. I enclose a List of the Women's Names and by the next Conveyance an account of their respective Terms of Transportation will be sent. The principal Surgeon has sent half the Bark in the Hospital and a Cask of condemned Port Wine is sent for the purpose of converting into Vinegar by putting Water and Sugar to it and exposing it to the Sun.

[Enclosure No. 1.] [This "communication" was an extract from the Duke of Portland's despatch, dated 19th June, 1801. It comprised- the last two paragraphs which will be found on page 101, volume III, series I.]

[Enclosures Nos. 2 and 3.] [These were a blank form of land grant and the instructions re land grants; see page 395, volume III, series I.]

SER. III. Voi,. I—U * Note 156. 306 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. [Enclosure No. 4.] 8 Jan. Surve^Ttool SURVEY OF TOOL CHEST. chest belonging to J. Hartley. [A] Warrant. By Philip Gidley King Esquire, etc., etc LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR COLLINS having sent a Tool Chest to this Place belonging to Mr. Hartley, And having refused to take it, and the Lieutenant Governor having requested the Contents of the said Tool Chest to be examined in the presence of Mr. Hartley and Valued; You are hereby required and directed to examine the Contents of the said Tool Chest and tofix a Valua­ tion thereon, delivering the same to Mr. Hartley. And on his persisting in not receiving it, you are then to lodge it in His Majesty's Stores, taking the Store keeper's Receipt, Reporting to me from under your hands your proceedings herein. Given, etc., this 4th of January, 1805. PHILIP GIDLEY KING. To Mr. George Fiske, Acting Master of His Majesty's Ship Buffalo; Thomas Moore, Master Builder to the Territory; John Coldwell, Carpenter of His Majesty's Ship Buffalo.

[B] Report. PURSUANT to an Order from Philip Gidley King Esquire, Cap­ tain General and Governor in Chief in and over His Majesty's Territory of New South Wales and its dependencies, etc., etc., etc., And Principal Commander of His Majesty's Ship Buffalo, We, whose names are hereunto Subscribed, have been on board the Schooner George and taken a correct Inventory of the Car­ penter's Tools sent by Lieut. Governor Collins to Mr. Hartley, which in our presence he refused Accepting, in Consequence of which we have lodged it in His Majesty's Stores and taken the Storekeeper's Receipt and also made a correct Value thereon, which we have transmitted for Your Excellency's inspection; And we do hereby Certify that we have taken this Survey with such Care and Equity that we are willing (if required) to make Oath to the impartiality of our Proceeding. Given under our hands on board His Majesty's Ship Buf­ falo at Port Jackson this 5 day of January 1805. GEO. FISKE, Acting Master of His Majesty's Ship Buffalo. THOS. MOORE, Master Builder to the Territory. JNO. COLDWELL, Carpenter of His Majesty's Ship "Buffalo. COLLINS TO HOBART. 307

[Enclosure No. 5.] I8O5. 8 Jan. JOHN HARTLEY TO GOVERNOR KING. Chapel Row, No. 10, Sydney, 3rd Jany., 1805. May it please your Excell'y, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Allegations Letter, and in Justice to myself I cannot receive the Tool Chest, j^'nlr'tTey it having been unlawfully detained with my other Tool Chest against D. Collins. and other Oppressive Acts done me at Port Phillip and the River Derwent by Lieut't Governor Collins, which must be represented to British Government. Have to request your Excell'y's Permission to return by the earliest Conveyance for England, to adjust my Complaints and to return to my Duty as Master in His Majesty's Navy. I have, &c, JNO. HARTLEY.

[Enclosure No. 6.] [A copy of this list is not available.]

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship Sophia; acknowledged by Governor King, 26th February, 1805.) 14th January, 1805. u Jan. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. (Despatch No. 6, per ship Sophia.) Government House, Hobart Town, My Lord, Van Dieman's Land, 20th February, 1805. 20 Feb. The Duplicate of a letter which I addressed to your Lord- Previous P h ship by the Alexander, Whaler, in November last, will inform you per Ship of my Situation at that time. I shall now proceed in this and Alexander. some Subsequent Letters to lay before your Lordship such par­ ticulars as were then omitted or may have since occurred. Your Lordship will have been informed that, while closing my letters by the Ocean, I had received accounts that a Ship (the Livestock Lady Barlow) was then in the River, having been sent down by snip'Lady^ Governor King for the purpose of conveying a Quantity of Cattle Barlow. to this Settlement; and the following numbers, viz., 130 Cows, 1 Bull, (30 Oxen, 59 Sows, 2 Boars, 1 Stallion, and 3 Mares were 308 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. landed on the 8th of August last. The enclosed return will show 20 Feb. the State of the Cattle belonging to Government now in the Return of Colony, and I mark with great Satisfaction the Increase that live stock. has taken'place in all Descriptions of Stock, both Public and Private.

Ifsue of The Commander of this Ship having a small quantity of Stock commissariat and other Articles for Sale, Some of the Officers applied to me to notes. assist them in the purchase, and as I had been obliged to direct the Deputy-Commissary to issue Promissory Notes for the Pay­ ment of the Salaries due to Superintendents (the Sale of the Government Investment not being found sufficient for that purpose), they requested I would issue to them Colonial Notes. equal to one hundred pounds sterling each, which they engaged to repay in two years from that date. Upon maturely weighing the probable effect of my declining ot acceding to this proposition, I saw that on the one hand the officers would be precluded purchasing the Stock and the other articles of domestic comfort, not only now, but in future; that on the other the acquisition of Stock, whether Public or Private, must always prove an advantage to the Colony, and that the indulgence they Solicited would greatly tend toward Smoothing the difficulties that must ever present themselves in the Infancy of a distant Settlement like this. I therefore determined to comply with their request, and directed the Deputy-Commissary to issue Promissory Notes to the amount, and to the Officers as expressed in the enclosed list, for which their receipts, containing the engagement to repay the loan in two years from the date thereof, were taken. The notes which were received by the Master of the Ship in Payment for the Stock were afterwards consolidated by a Bill on the Treasury for the Sum of £456 Sterling. This measure I communicated to His Excellency Governor King, who did me the Honour to approve of it, as well as of the Purchase purchase of the 1,200 Gallons of Spirits, which he informed me of spirits. he had allowed to be sent down in the Lady Barlow for the domestic use of the Civil and Military serving in this Settle­ ment. These Spirits have been issued to the Officers and Settlers at a small advance on the prime cost, but sufficient to cover the deficiency through wastage or leakage, and they were found to be of much utility, having been the means of their getting much sooner under cover by their own exertions than they could pos­ sibly have done, had they waited until I could have built them houses, for the convicts, when working for the public, study only COLLINS TO HOBART. 309

how little they shall perform, but when employed in their extra isos. Hours proportion their exertions to their recompense. On the 28th of November I received Letters from Governor King by the George, Schooner, which also brought a small quail- Purchase of tity of Wheat and Maize for sale. As our Supplies might be maize'and delayed, and their arrival at best very uncertain, I thought it my duty to make every addition that I reasonably could to my Stock of Provisions, and, therefore, directed the Deputy-Commissary to purchase such part of the Cargo as was merchantable, for some of it had been damaged on the passage, which he did, agreeable to the enclosed accounts, and the wheat has been issued as part of the Ration, at the rate of 6 lbs. per man per week, whereby some saving has been made on the article of Flour. Being desirous of making every saving I can in the Provisions, Economy the Sick (of whom I have had but too many) received while in "J.1^"6^ the Hospital such Flour or Bread only as the Surgeon thought necessary for them, the Surplus remaining in the Public Stores; and during the Summer I have been enabled to save some Salt Meat by issuing Fish at the rate of 2 lbs. of Fish .to 1 lb. of Pork, although this River is not very abundantly supplied with that resource. I have the Satisfaction of acquainting your Lorclship that our improvement Sick List is very considerably reduced, there being only this day 5"^^*°* ten under Medical Treatment. So soon as the progress'of the Scurvy was effectually checked, I discontinued receiving Kan­ garoo into the Public Store, and I have every reason to believe Kangaroo meat that this distribution of fresh Animal Food among the Sick was ™cei\^ and issued by attended with the beneficial effects I expected therefrom, and public stores. which induced me to adopt the measure of receiving it at 6d. per lb. The whole quantity delivered at the General Hospital between the 10th of September (the date of the Order) and the 30th of December, when it was discontinued, was 3,142 lbs., of which only 2,614 lbs. were paid for by the Commissary, the remainder having been sent in by myself. Our Gardens being now abounding in Vegetables, I have little' fear of the Scurvy again making its appearance among us, and should it arrive with any newcomers I' trust we shall be able speedily to subdue it. The Harvest was got in during the month without any un- Prospects of favourable' circumstance attending it. What its produce may be ae'ricultuve- I cannot at present say, as it is yet in the Stack, but no grain can look or promise better than the Samples of wheat, barley, rye and oats which have been laid before me. Some white and 310 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. grey Pease have also produced very favourably, and I think 20 Feb. neither the Climate nor the Soil will prove an obstacle to our Industry. Progress made The Settlers who, from the weakness of my labouring people, by settlers. have not yet had that assistance to which they are entitled, and which they shall have the moment" I find myself enabled to give it them, are most of them doing better than I expected, having raised more grain than they will have occasion for as Seed. Their farms* are eligibly situated about two miles and a half from this Town, where they have a constant Supply of fresh running Water, and where the Soil promises amply to repay their labours. Should any Settlers arrive from England, or should any persons of that description make choice of this place on leaving Norfolk Island, which Governor King has written to me about, I can place them very advantageously, there being a great extent of very good ground in the upper part of the Derwent. Anticipated I am in daily expectation of receiving Lettersf from your Lord­ letters of approval. ship, containing I hope an approval of my having fixed the Establishment entrusted to my direction in this part of Xew Holland, instead of remaining at Port Phillip. I am persuaded, Advantages of my Lord, that this, had it been earlier known, would have been settlement on the Derwent. found to be the most eligible spot for the principal Settlement, and the language of such sea-going people as I have conversed with is to the same effect. There is not the least Danger to be apprehended in coming into the River, which is only subject to violent gusts of Wind occasioned by the great height of the surrounding hills and the high Latitude of this part of Van Dieman's Land. Attention to the appearance of the Squall on the Water, which precedes the Gust, is alone necessary; but this is a precaution which I should suppose Masters of Ships would never be without, and when once anchored in Sullivan Cove they will be in perfect Security. The existence of a Whale Fishery in the River during three or four months of the year, together with its vicinity to the Seal Islands, will give it its weight in the commercial scale, and your . Lordship may rest assured that on my part no exertions shall be neglected to improve the local advantages of our Situation, which I trust will appear sufficiently important to induce your Lord­ ship to approve of my having fixed this Establishment here, and to render it permanent. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

* Note 157. t Note 146. COLLINS TO HOBART. 311

[Enclosure No. 1.] 1805. 20 Feb. WEEKLY STATE OF GOVERNMENT STOCK. Return of live stock. From the 11th to the 18th Feby. 1805.

Cattle. ! Horses. Sheep. Swine.

•fs z m Place where kept. •n •n Remarks. if. i V -aX 03 in tt bo rt a - rt— o ,J . in c "rt in in •f a. US O QJ b£ 3 * "3 o i U £ O u Fillies . Rams . « O Colts. " a i. 33 03 O 4 3 4 5>s: 22 17 43 7 127 Of the 7 Hogs three are I i 4 129 9 6 5 1 4 12 barrow pigs.

Total Increase. 4 133 9 9 5 1 4 4 28 .. 22 17 55 ..i 7 127

5

Govt. House 1

Total Decrease.. 1 5 Total Remains.. 4 133 9 9 5 1 4 " 4 28 .. 22 17 54 .. 7 122

[Enclosure No. 2.]

AMOUNT of Colonial Notes issued to Civil and Military Officers Amount of at Serving in His Majesty's Settlement, Hobart Town, Van n°?™Kued Dieman's Land. Time issued. To whom. Amount. 1804. 16th August Captn. Sladden £100 „ Lieut. Johnson 100 „ Lieut. Lord 100 „ Mr. I'Anson (Surgeon) 100 „ Mr. Bowden do 40 „ Mr. Humphrey (Mineralogist) 100 „ Mr. Harris (Surveyor) 40 ,, Mr. Hopley (Surgeon) 25 18th „ Mr. Harris 10 Total . . £615

[Enclosure No. 3.] [A copy of the commissariat return is not available.] 312 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. 20 Feb. (Despatch marked " Separate," per ship Sophia.) Government House, Hobart Town, My Lord, 20th Feby., 1805. In my letter of the 6th of August, transmitted hence by the Ocean, I informed your Lordship that I had received from Shipment of Port Jackson the cloathing sent from England by the Coro­ clothing and mandel Transport, together with a year's Provisions, sent hither of provisions. by Governor King from His Majesty's Stores at Sydney. 1 have now to inform your Lordship that shortly after the Ship sailed I received a letter from the Deputy Commissary, of which the enclosed is a Copy, in consequence whereof I directed a Survey to be held on the provisions complained of, a copy of the report of which is enclosed. I inspected the Casks which were opened by the Gentlemen who I appointed on the Survey, and was too well convinced of the correctness of the Report. Being unwilling, however, to give any to the Stock that might be made use of by the People, I directed that whatever portion of each cask of Pork or Flour might be found Serviceable should be issued, by which means a great Saving has been made in the Provisions brought from England. I mention this that your Lordship may see that the year's Salt Provisions stated in my former letter to have been received from Port Jackson is not to be depended upon as such. Much of it, I trust, I shall however be able to continue issuing, and it has been the means hitherto of preventing my being under the disagreable necessity of reducing the full rations as established by the Treasury. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS, [Enclosures Nos. 1 and 2.] [These were similar to the enclosures to the despatch dated 18th August, 180k; see page 278.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. (Despatch marked " Separate,'" per ship Sophia.) Government House, Hobart Town, 22 Feb. My Lord, % 22 Feby., 1805. Purchase of I have the Honor to enclose for your Lordship's Informa­ provisions and stores. tion an account of Some articles of Provisions and Stores which I directed the Deputy Commissary to purchase from the Myrtle, a Ship that arrived here from Port Jackson on the 15th Ulto. COLLINS TO HOBART. 313

The reasons which induced me to direct this addition to be 1805. 22 Feb made to the Public Stores will I hope be Satisfactory to your Lordship. With respect to the rum, it had been intended that the Military Necessity for r-i -ii-ii'-ii-i'i purchase Detachment serving m this Country should be indulged with an 0f rum; allowance of Spirits for two years after their landing, but the quantity sent in the Ocean was not Sufficient for that time, by nearly eight hundred gallons; the Bengal Rum, which I had purchased from the Lady Barlow, was at this time nearly ex­ pended, and Governor King had moreover acquainted me he had chartered a Ship, the Mersey, to bring me Cattle and 2,000 gallons of Spirits, which Ship being unfortunately lost in her passage to India in attempting to go through Torres Straits, 1 could not expect to receive the Supph', which His Excellency had thus destined for our use for a considerable length of time; and therefore directed the Deputy Commissary to pur­ chase a Quantity equal to what I had been led to expect by the Mersey. The enclosed Letter from the Surgeon will explain to your and of rice, Lordship the reasons for purchasing the rice and Sago; and the Sugar being of a quality very Superior to what we have in the Public Stores, much of which is now in a dissolved state, I deemed it advisable to lay in a quantity equal to our consump­ tion for twelve months. Although pease form no part of the established Ration, yet by issuing Dholl as such I considered that I should be able to make some saving in the Article of flour. With this view I also purchased a Quantity of wheat and Purchase of barley, stated in the enclosed account, from the Sophia, a ship barley. which arrived here from Sydney on the 5th Inst, with one free­ man, one male and thirty female Convicts, who were sent down convicts by Governor King, to be employed during their Several terms of ship'sophia! Transportation in this Settlement. Your Lordship will perceive by the return of Provisions at this time in the Colony, that in respect to the Article of Bread, we are not likely to be Soon in want. Of Salt meat, however, I Request for must request a Supply as early as possible; for although.I have saUPmeat. issued much of what was condemned of the Lady Barlow's Cargo, yet I cannot take it Safely into the Calculation, of wholesome fair provisions, as we meet from time to time with a cask that is wholly unfit for men to eat. I have, &c, • DAVID COLLINS. 314 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. [Enclosure No. 1.] 22 Feb. RECEIVED from the Myrtle, January, 1805. Stores and £ s. d. provisions 2.040 Gallons of E.I. Rum (q> 11/- 1,126 19 0 purchased. S.040 Pounds of Rice (al 1/- 402 9 0 7,*30 „ „ Sugar @ lOd 326 5 0 5,204 „ „ Dholl (ei; Od. 130 2 0 250 „ „ Sago (q< 3/- 37 10 0 50 „ „ Twine (q, 3/6 8 15 0 2 Rolls of Canvas ( £4 8 0 0 £2,040 0 0 [Enclosure No. 2.] SURGEON I'ANSON TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. Sir, General Hospital, Jany. 16th, 1805. Sago and rice I take the liberty of representing to you that the Sago required for and Rice, sent out for the use of the General Hospital, are hospital. nearly expended, and as they are articles of much importance in the present Situation of the Colony, ar further supply of which is very uncertain, I beg leave to suggest the expediency of a Quantity of each being purchased from the Ship lately arrived. I have, kc, W. I'ANSON, Surgeon. [Enclosures Nos. 3 and 4.] [Copies of these papers are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KLNG. (Despatch No. 15, per ship Sophia.) 26 Feb. Sir, Hobart Town, 26th Feby., 1S05. Despatches By Captain Collins, who arrived here on the Evening of acknowledged. the 5th Instant, I was honoured by the receipt of your Excel­ lency's Letters as per Margin,* and their several Enclosures. Arrival of I have now to report, what I understand from Mr. Collins will ship Myrtle. be matter of surprize to your Excellency, the arrival of Captain Barber in the Ship Myrtle on the loth Ulto. from Port Jackson, after a short Passage of Eight Days (two of which she was becalmed off Cape Pillar). I understood from Captain Barber that it was not his Inten­ tion to come to the Southward, when he left Sydney, which accounted for his not bringing any Letters from your Excel­ lency; but, having some Articles on board for Sale, of which I was in want, I was not sorry for his arrival. Of the Spirits which had been purchased out of the Lady Barlow, a very few Gallons only, which I had reserved for the Military, remaining in Store, and, learning from the Newspapers, printed under

* Marginal note.—General Letter no date; 14th Jany., 1S05. COLLINS TO KING. 315 your Authority, the Loss of the Mersey in Torres Straits, I isos. deemed it expedient to Purchase the Quantity of Spirits from 26Feb ' Captain Barber, which I had expected to receive by that Ship, Purchase of and which, though his Invoice Price was 15s. Per Gallon, I have provisions. purchased at lis., being one Shilling less per Gallon than what I gave Captain McAskill. I also procured some Sago and Rice for the Hospital on the representation of the Surgeon that he was in want of those Articles, together with some Sugar and a small Quantity of Dholl. The Women brought by the Sophia, Thirty in Number, have Female convicts been landed; but I should hope that, before any more could be shfp'Sophia'! sent from Port Jackson, I shall have received some from Eng­ land. Among them, I was concerned to see one, who I well remember to have been long a Nuisance at Sydney, Elizabeth Leonard alias Kelleyhorn, now a Veteran in Infamy. I shall thank your Excellency for the account you promise of the Terms of Transportation of some of the Women, as well as for that of the Male Prisoners requested by me in a former Letter. I have communicated to the Officers the Information, I Land grants received from your Excellency, respecting their being allowed the 01 ° cers same advantages as to Hand as are enjoyed by the Officers at Port Jackson; and, as soon as they have made a Selection of the Spots which they may think adapted to their Pursuit, and the Ground is marked out, I will transmit the necessary Descriptions. Mr. Hartley's conduct, had he been any other than the char- Conduct of acter I know him to be, would have given me some concern; but ' e>' I am entirely at ease about him, as I have no doubt your Excel­ lency has seen enough of him to warrant your representing him in his true Light. The Commander of the Sophia having readily consented to Slop clothing receive and convey to Port Jackson the Slop Cloathing, be- Portjackson. longing to that Settlement and now in His Majesty's Stores at this Place, I embrace the opportunity of sending them and in­ close a List of the different Packages. Some deficiency will be found in the Articles of Blue Cloth, Breeches, Thread and But­ tons, which was occasioned by my having made use of them before I knew that they were not intended for this Establish­ ment. The Quantity of each is so small that I hope no Incon­ venience will be felt by my appropriation of them. I have the satisfaction to report to your Excellency that my Harvest. Wheat and other Grain were all reaped and stacked without meeting with a "Blight or any other accident; and I have not any doubt, putting Indian Corn out of the Question at the present, that the Soil here will be as productive as in the most 316 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. favoured parts in the Vicinity of Port Jackson. Every kind of 26Feb. Stock thrives, more especially Sheep, for which, whenever you increase of could spare me any, I should be thankful. Of the Sows sent by the Lady Barlow, many of the Sucklings have died, the Mothers having been so bruised and injured on the Passage that they had not strength enough to bring them up. As my Stock of Indian Corn is decreasing-fast, a Supply would be very welcome. The • inclosed return will shew the Increase and Decrease of that Article of Stock since the 10th of September. The Cask of Vinegar for the use of the Hospital is very acceptable, and the Surgeon has requested me to inform your Failure of Excellency that the Vaccine Virus, which he received from Mr. Jamison, has failed in every Instance in which he has tried it. This must have been occasioned by the -weakness of the Virus alone, as Mr. I'Anson had particularly attended to the Practice of inoculating for the Cow Pox, previous to his departure from England.

Whaling j^ oHVes me much Pleasure to find that, in promoting Mr. stations granted . . . ' . . to W.Collins. Collins Views in occupying certain Stations" in the Derwent River and Storm Bay Passage for the purpose of facilitating the Black Whale Fishery during the proper Season, I act agreeably to your Excellency's ideas of the Colonial and National Benefit, which will ensue from affording him such Encouragement, as is in my Power and may be compatible with His Majesty's Service. The Utility of these Colonies can never be better evinced than by their Natural Productions becoming Articles of Commercial Import to the Mother Country; and I consider myself fortunate in being placed in a Situation, which promises so early to be a National Benefit. Cargo per ship Your Excellency must have felt great satisfaction in despatch­ ing the Lady Barlow and her valuable Cargof to England, and that she may arrive in safety must be the wish of every Person interested in the welfare of these Settlements; for the popular Clamour always was against them from no return having ever been made for the immense Expence which was incurred to sup­ port them. As it is probable I shall very soon receive a Reinforcement of Prisoners from England, suffer me to draw your Excellency's Proposed attention again to that Article of my Instructions,* which directs king island. my sending a small Establishment to King's Island. It is cer­ tainly my Duty to comply therewith; but, even when I can spare the Numbers which may be required for that purpose, I shall be without the means of conveying them thither, unless your Excel­ lency can assist me with a Vessel, or some Vessel should be here

* Note 156. t Note 158. t Note 41. COLLINS TO ' HOBART. 317 at the Time, which I might be able to engage. I should, how- isos. ever, be much gratified, if your Excellency would, in your next 26 Feb' Communication with Lord Hobart, state your Sentiments of the Proposed Propriety of Settling that Island, about which I remember you King island. expressed some doubts in a former Letter,* as well as the diffi­ culties which have, hitherto lain in my way of executing that part of my Instructions. I shall have the pleasure of transmitting to your Excellency by some future opportunity Mr. Harris's observations on such part of the adjacent Country, as may have fallen under his observation; and I have to return your Excellency my thanks for the valuable Chart,f which you sent by the Sophia. The peice Examination of of Water in the N.W. corner of Frederick Henry Bay has beeu Ptttwater. ascertained, and I think it cannot be better distinguished than by dignifying it with the Name of the present Chancellor of the Exchequer. I have therefore named it Pitt Water. At the Head of it is a run of Water, which leads to the Stratum of Coals that was discovered during Mr. Bowen's Command, and which, when more at Leisure, I mean to examine.- I have lately had the Ground about Risclon and Herdsman's Cove looked over by Mr. Clarke, the Superintendent, and have determined, from his report and my own knowledge of the Ground immediately about Risdon, to open a Government Farm Government b e there, so soon as I receive more People and more Cattle. Some ^Si*°h e d very good Allotments being also to be found there for Settlers, I at Risdon. shall direct the Deputy Commissary to pay Mr. Mountgarrett the Sum mentioned in your Excellency's Letter of the 30th of Sep­ tember last, and I propose again sowing the Ground, now in Cultivation there, with Wheat or Barley, as two or three People, who arefit fo r little else, can very well attend to it during its progress. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.] [A copy of this return is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. (Despatch per ship Sophia.) My Lord, Hobart Town, 28th Febry., 1805. 2S Feb. Herewith I have enclosed, for your Lordship's Informa- Returrn s tion, a General Statement, and Quarterly Return of the transmitted. Employment of the People under my Direction, together with a return of the Civil Officers Superintendents, and Overseers belonging to this Settlement. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

» Note 160. t Note 159. 318 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. •g jopun OQ 28 Feb. A'aoioo air) ui "on/ pu« 6ajojs sift IUO.II pajpmjoiA 'ON reioi Return of '01 japuu ua.ip[iqo inhabitants. uaiuo^ •jajjfcno auo 2 a[ij ptre S(U13}J 0i 'SiduiumJd JI^H a«0 P •sjaomo B Q Si ca pauoiesiuiuioo-uoK '«pj! •%uvua,iTiai'i tn" 3[oqM Qi > i.iiO S,?ov jp 'inaiT •?u«infpv 'C ispun oa « M c +J S.W -vi -}dBp BCJ £" •g japun oa - 01Japun *oa FiHs a. OI 01 japun -OQ ».\oqv usapjiqo x- n 'PIO SJ-B3X F n 01 n d *? 01 OAOqt; uaappu.0 Vict'd . BOJ •U3O10M •U9U1"\\ X £ E ci; U3 +J '( K aa*jl) 8J33H3AO o t-I x •a^K X o OJ 'S^mspuo^uuadng £ m 2ji jadaa^ajo^g (V e a? pun "OQ >> •euooSjng ^rxre^sissy 1 en m OJ •r—s , "01 lapan l-H «1 ^SlS0['BI9UIJtr $ oa fl SJOAOAJIlg Ajlic ISfJ S

H £ a

ij « O «3 32 C COLLINS TO HOBART.

1805. •fujidsoH '|B?OX Suipuowy 28 Feb. "0^3 3lOIg I- r-l • rH z Quarterly 'WAY VlSjN return of 'UdUIOjW. JO employment. •SWBQ UAU>X CO • o 'S}UBAJ3g CN Tf CO •uapjBO CO CO }U0UIUJ8A0a 'S}U9tU 1^ -Aojduia snoutiA OS Oi •8M9JO S}T50a

'Op IT! aodooo oa3 ejsprjng !reog CM • CM pun saaojs ojiqnj •sBuipimg CO . 'jpoig 'WOO JO 3JBD S^TiX •3t00)g osr- puB ainrrnoMSv •** "saaosjaAQ

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•sjajnoqt.'j •JOJ •••- vO - SaiqsiJAY USIUOM CO • CO •a)3 sjra^mBg '8}q8HAuhqg •SJ3IM3S ox OJ CM •*

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•AaBjnin m • Ui -s.i.))ji|.lt; puie SJ30UJ0 CM - CM 3IB

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•swjnoqtiT •}U3raqOBi30T puB sjsinsciJBO aqiojsaauiumaQ pun sj3ireg snoop j3jns«3K Jaquiix •sjasrejij putt SJ3AMBg 3UJ0 P«B J3UUBX

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•jpo^g }U3U1 •J3JUUJ -UJ3A00 JO 3JUQ •8J3!lBUa30qg vjunoooy o'lqnjj puu SJOptex uo sjn^mouSy •jsqaBg 'SJ33SJ3AQ puB JsSuuuag

~^ifi c • 1 = Co £ • c c H £ •9 * BZ is o tu BZ 320 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. [Enclosure No. 3.] 28 Feb. RETURN of the Officers, Superintendents, and Overseers belong­ Return of civil ing to the Civil Establishment at Hobart Town, Derwent establishment. River, Van Dieman's Land, 1805. -

Date of Names. Appointments. Where disposed. Appointment.

David Collins, Esq. .. At Hobart Town. Rev. Robt. Knopwood Do Benjn. Barbauld Dy. Judge Advocate.. Wm. I'Anson.. Surgeon 1st Assistant Surgeon Do Mattw. Bowden Do Leonard Fosbrook ... 2nd „ Do. Do Geo. Pridx. Harris... Dy. Commissary Do A. W. H. Humphrey.. Mineralogist Do Harbour Master 2nd April, 1804 .. Resigned 13 Augt., ISO* ThosWm. .Collin ClarKse Do Wm. Nicholls Do 21 Janv., 1S04.... Do John J. Sutton Do 27 Feby., „ .... Do Do 1st June, ,, Do William Parish Do Do

DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUTEXAXT-GOTERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. (Despatch per ship Sophia.) Hobart Town, Derwent River, Van Dieman's Land, 1 March. My Lord, 1st March, 1505. Store returns I have the Honour to enclose for your Lordship's Informa­ : from com tion, the Deputy Commissary's Accounts made up to the 31st of missary and surgeon. December 1804, of the Receipt, Expenditure and Remains of Provisions, Cloathing and Stores, received into his charge from England by His Majesty's Ship Calcutta, the Ships Ocean and Coromandel, together with the Surgeon's Account of the receipt and expenditure of the Medicines and Stores, received by him, for the use of the General Hospital up to the above date. It is necessary to observe that the Cloathing Stated as above to have been received by the Coromandel was landed from that Ship at Port Jackson, and sent hither by the Lady Barlow in August last. Cuality Your Lordship will perceive that all the Stores, which were of stores. intended for two years, have been issued. They were of such a wretched Quality and so ill-adapted to the use of the people, who were just landed in an uncleared country, that a pair of Shoes were completely worn out in a fortnight, and as it was impossible for them to work in many Situations without Shoes, the whole have been issued. We shall not however, I trust, Tanning of feel much Inconvenience, as I am already tanning a number kangaroo skins. 0f Kangaroo Skins, which will answer the purpose. COLLINS TO HOBART. 321

The Joiners' Tools stated to be expended have been issued and isos. put into the charge of the Superintendent of the Carpenter, 1" alc Sawyers, etc., as they could be taken more care of and more Joiners' tools. frequently inspected when at the Carpenter's Shop than while remaining in Casks or chests at the Public Stores. We have Sustained some losses owing to the other Stores Loss of stores. being unavoidably for a long time under no other covering than a Tent, and to the accidents which must have been expected to attend the' removal of them from Port Phillip and the Disem­ barkation at this Place. All our valuable articles are now how­ ever in a good Store House, and I purpose, as this is only weather boarded and thatched, to build one of Stone or brick, as soon as my number of Labouring people is increased. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.] [The following return is the only portion of this enclosure available.] ACCOUNT of Articles for Sale, Received and Issued from H. M. Return of a r des for Stores to 31st December 1804. s a ^

Tape Pieces.

I --2

- OJ 2 tf ; o ci o ri - S, alolSiS Z Z CJ a Z ZZ sl£

Received . 843 50 78 12 10 513 1,000 12 50 5012 12 12 12 28 100 180 I Issued 843 50 78 8L;360 300 4 .. 20 10 30 9

Remains 4 10153 40 700:35 S50 30 8 28 70 171 276 194 26

LEONARD EOSBROOK, Deputy Commissary. Approved: DAVID COLLINS.

[Enclosure No. 2.] [A copy of the surgeon's return is not available.]

SER. III. VOL. I—X 322 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LORD HOBART. 2 March- (Despatch per ship Sophia.) My. Lord, Hobart Town, Derwent River, 2nd March, 1805. A. w. H. Hum- Mr. Humphrey, the Mineralogist, wishing to extend his Sv^ney0 V1Slt researches in the Line of his Profession, proceeds hence to Sydney in the Sophia, and will in his way thither touch at Port Dalrymple, and Kings Island at the entrance of Bass's Straits. Being without any particular Instructions respecting this Gentle­ man, I conceived I should further the Views of Government in his mission by allowing him to proceed to other parts of this extensive Country, and I more readily consented as Governor King informed me Mr. Humphrey was to proceed to Port Jack­ son after he had completed his researches in this Place. Leave of Ns it is probable that these Letters may be delivered to your absence granted Lordship by 2nd Lieut. Lord, of the Royal Marines, the enclosed to E. Lord. x . _ , „.,,., V papers will 1 nope Satisfactorily account to your Lordship for my having given him Permission to quit the Settlement. Hi; proceeding to England is dependent on the approbation of Governor King, to whom, if I do not shortly receive a reinforce­ ment of officers and men from England, in the event of his receiving his sanction for his departure, I will apply for an officer of the New South Wales Corps to be sent hither for the duty of this garrison. I have, kc, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. L] LIEUTENANT LORD TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. Sir, Hobart Town, 19th Eebry.. 1805. Request for I beg leave to represent to you that the( State of my health absence. ^s such that requires my immediate removal from this Place, I trust you will allow my proceeding in the Sophia to Port Jackson, and from thence to England in thefirst conveyance." I have, kc. EDWARD LORD, Lieut. Royal Marines. [Enclosure No. 2.] LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO SURGEON I'ANSON. Sir, Hobart Town, 20th Eebry., 1805. Report required Having received an application from Lieut. Lord of the E. Loardh °f Detachment of Royal Marines under my command for leave of absence from this Settlement on account of the ill state of His health, you will, with the first Assistant Surgeon, enquire into the nature of his complaint, and report to me whether a removal from this country is absolutely necessary to the recovery thereof. I am, kc, DAVID COLLINS. KING TO COLLINS. 3

[Enclosure No. 3.] 1805. REPORT ON LIEUTENANT LORD'S HEALTH. Sir, General Hospital, 22nd Eeby., 1805. In obedience to your Commands, we have inquired into Surgeons' -r -I-11TT11 e • • i report on the State of Lieut. Lords Health, and we are ot opinion the health of nature of his complaint is such as to render his immediate return E' I-ordi to England highly necessary. We have, &c, W. I'ANSON, Surgeon. MATTH'W BOWDEN, Assis. Surgeon. [Enclosure No. 4.] LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LIEUTENANT LORD. Sir, Hobart Town, Febry. 28th, 1805. In consequence of your letter to me of the 20th Inst. Leave of % for requesting that on account of the State of your Health I would ^ f^& permit you to proceed in the Sophia to Port Jackson and thence to England, I directed the Principal andfirst Assistan t Surgeons of this Establishment to report to me the State of your Health, and whether it was such as to render a removal from this Country necessary to the recovery thereof, and those Gentlemen having given it under their hands that the nature of your com­ plaint is such as to render your immediate return to England highly necessary, you have therefore leave to proceed in the Sophia to Port Jackson, whence if you should not find any alteration in your Health for the better by a change of air you may return for the recovery of it to England, for which purpose you are allowed Eighteen Months leave of Absence, subject never­ theless to the approbation of His Excellency the Governor in Chief. I am,' &c, DAVID COLLINS.

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 24th May, 1805. 2* Ma-V- [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. 15th June, 1805. i° June. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. ' 17th June, 1805. n June. 24th June, 1805. 24 June. [Copies of these two despatches are not available.] 324 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. 24 June. (Despatch per schooner Governor Hunter.) Sir, Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, 24th June, 1805. I most gladly avail myself of the opportunity offered me by the departure of the Governor Hunter, Schooner, which is proceeding to Oyster Island, and thence to Port Jackson, of Return of inclosing for Your Excellency's information a return of the provisions. Provisions remaining in His Majesty's Stores at this place, on the 15th Inst, with the probable time they may last, at the reduced Ration now issued, by which Your Excellency will perceive the necessity of my being speedily and as amply supplied as the state of the Stores under your Command will admit. Despatch By the Richard and Mary which arrived here on the 9th Inst acknowledged. I received Your Excellency's Letter of the 24th Ulto. and was gratified by the expectation which you there hold out of my receiving some Salted Meat, by the Eagle Brig. She however is I understand of too small Tonnage to bring any considerable Supplies Quantity. Your Excellency will therefore judge of the Propriety expected. of sending further supplies by the Sydney, a Ship which Mr. Lucas informs me I may expect here in two or three Months. I should however hope to receive some direct from England before that time may have elapsed, but I have no other foundation for this hope than the Idea which I have constantly entertained that no Ship would be dispatched to me from England either with Provisions or People until by the arrival of the Calcutta it would be certainly known where to send to me. Survey of Since the date of my Letter by the Sophia, I have caused the Pittwater. piece of Water in Frederick Henry Bay, which I have named Pitt Water, to be Surveyed, for which purpose I sent Mr. Harris thither in one of the Boats. His report shall be transmitted when I have a safer Conveyance than I judge this to be; hut it was found to be so extremely Shallow, that the boat could not be got more than midway up into it. Escape of I am concerned to state that Stuart (who arrived here in the convicts in Richard and Mary) absconded from the Settlement in the night boat. of the 22nd Inst, taking with him Five Prisoners and a Boat belonging to the Clergyman. Judging from my knowledge of the weakness of the Boat, that his object may be to seize the Governor Hunter in her passage to Oyster Island, I have put a Corporal and three Privates on board her, who will leave her in safety at that place, and return hither overland under the guidance.of Henry Hacking,* who I take this opportunity of representing to Your Excellency, as one of the most useful men I have. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

* Note 37. MARSDEN TO COLLINS. 325

[Enclosure.] 1805. ACCOUNT of Provisions remaining in H. M. Stores at Hunter's "_^_24 June' . Island 14th June 1805. Return of provisions. Time each Specie will last at the present Ration. Flour. Pork. Sugar. Wheat.

Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Wks Wks Wks Wks Ration Issued. pr. Ocean 48,048 10,880 I ... 22 12 112 p. H.M. Ship Calcutta 10,400 6 lbs. Flour p. Lady Barlow 7,964 6 ,, Wheat p. Sophia 12,000 s S.2J= 6 ozs. Sugar •fi » <3 o 2 lbs. Pork

m < 56,012 10,880 18,230 12,000

Weekly Expenditure. 2520 Pounds of Flour 840 Pounds of Pork 2520 Do. „ Wheat 161 Do. ,, Sugar LEONARD FOSBROOK, Dy. Commissary.

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 26th June, 1805. 26 June. 27th June, 1805. 27 June. [Copies of these two despatches are not available.]

SECRETARY MARSDEN TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. Sir, 19th July, 1805. 19 July. I have rec'd and Comm'd to my Lords Comrs. of the Despatches Adm'lty your Letter of the 3rd March and 1st of Aug't 1804, acknowledged. the former transmitting a Return of the detachment of Royal Marines under your command, requesting that a supply of Clothing may be sent out to you for their use, and representing that it would be a great accommodation to the party if Money could be sent to pay them their Wages in the Country, as it would enable them to procure themselves many comforts which the public Stores do not furnish; and the latter acquainting their Lordships that since your disembarkation Lieut. Sladden has performed the duty of Adjutant, and Lieut. Johnson that of Qr. Master to the Detachment; and in return I am commanded by their Lordships to acquaint you that they have ordered a 326 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. Supply of Clothing to be sent out by the Porpoise Storeship; 19 July. and thatfinding it would be attended with difficulty to send out Shipment of Money to pay Subsistence to the detachment, they have directed clothing. the Paymaster of RT Marines to accept and Pay such Bills as Subsistence of you may draw upon him for that purpose from time to time upon detachment. your transmitting to him correct Returns of the detachment to enable him to checque the same; and that their Lordships do not think it necessary that in so small a Detachment either an Adjutant or Quarter Master should be appointed thereto. Promotion of I am also comm'd by their Lordships to acquaint you that W. Sladden. Lieut. Sladden* having been promoted to a Company, and Lieut. Johnston drawing near the top of the List of First Lieuts. for similar promotion, they have ordered two Subalterns to be sent out by the Porpoise Storeship to relieve them; upon whose arrival it is their Lordships' direction that you send the abovementioned Officers to England by thefirst opportunit y that offers. I am, &c, WM. MARSDEN.

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 26 Sept. 26th September, 1805. [The following extract only of this despatch is available:—] Rams of As Mr. Lord takes a Xumber of Ewes, I have made him a present Spanish breed. of a ram as near the Spanish Breed as Government is in posses­ sion of, and have also sent two for the use of Your Government FlQck, as the Amelioration of the Wool throughout these Colonies is an Object much recommended by His Majesty's Government; if it is found Your Sheep thrive and their Wool improves from the rams now sent, it will be' desirable You should be furnished with Rams nearer the true Spanish Breed, when they can be obtained from the Individuals who now possess them.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per ship King George.) Hobarttown, Van Dieman's Land, 28 Sept. Sir, 28 September, 1805. Request for 1. The Ship King George not having sailed so soon as I supply of expected at the time that I wrote the Letters, which Your Excel­ grain and salt meat. lency will receive herewith, I avail myself of the delay to press upon Your Excellency the necessity of an immediate Supply of Grain and if possible Salted Meat being sent hither, as other- ways I must very shortly be without either. I have been foi some time past in expectation of the Arrival of either the Sydney or the Buffalo, as, by my Letter sent by the Governor Hunter,

•Note 65. COLLINS TO KING. 327

Schooner, in June last, Your Excellency would have perceived isos. the State of my provision Store. In the hope of receiving some 3 Sept Supplies by one of those Ships, I have hitherto issued four lbs. Ration of flour. of Flour to each prisoner, and which I shall continue until the last of this Month, when, if nothing should unfortunately arrive in the Meantime, I shall reduce the ration to half that Quantity. [The second and concluding paragraphs of this despatch are not available.] 3. I have the Satisfaction of stating that every Species of increase of grazing Stock is in good condition. Eighty five Calves have been produced from the Cattle, received by the Lady Barlow and from Risdon Cove, of which Number three only have died. One of the Mares, that left by Capt. Bowen, is at last in Foal; but I fear the Horse, though in excellent Condition, is much too old for the purpose for which he was intended. Hogs, Ifind, will not do here without Indian Corn, at least those belonging to Govern­ ment, for I have much difficulty in keeping those I have remain­ ing- alive without it.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch marked " Private," per ship King George.) My dear Sir, Hobarttown, 28th September, 1805. So- anxious am I to despatch a Vessel to you with an Assistance account of my situation that I have furnished Moody with a wfMoody. Boat and two Boat's Crews to unload and land his Oil, and ballast his Ship, by which means she sails to-morrow instead, perhaps, of that day Week. Upon the 1st of next Month, if Proposed nothing comes in before, I shall serve only 2 lbs. of Flour per ration oTflour. week to each Person, at which rate I hope to continue issuing that article for six weeks. But what is that? What are two pounds of Flour for seven days, to People who are, thank God, otherwise well and in Health, capable of labour at present % But how much longer they will be so, or rather how much sooner they will not be so, I fear I can fortell, unless we are speedily relieved. Had it not been for Kangaroos and Emus affording us as provi- Relief afforded dential a Supply as the Mount Pitt Birds once did the wretched kangaroo meat. inhabitants of Norfolk Island, I should not now have had any Salted Pork to issue. So long as this continues I am easy in that respect, as the fresh Meat is far better for the people than the salted; but I know not what I shall do without Flour, for I have nothing left to issue in lieu, having used the greatest part of the Rice I bought of Barber, except a small reserve for the Sick. I issue at present Bread instead of Flour, by which I make 328 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. some saving—about one cask in four; yet this will only keep total 28j>ept. Want a few days longer away, but I trust long enough to prevent Urgent our knowing all the miseries of such a state. n6C

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch marked " Private," per ship Richard and Mary.) i Oct. Dear Sir, Hobarttown, 4th October, 1805. My Letters by the King George expressed the Anxiety of my Mind upon the State of my Provisions, low and reduced as they were, and the Prospect which a nearly exhausted Store Purchase of afforded me. Shortly after she sailed I heard that Lucas had nSlromldiip 9ome Flour and Salt Meat on board, which he could part with, Marvldan d anc^ °eing wholly uncertain as to any Arrival from Sydney, the Period having elapsed when one might have been reasonably ex­ pected, I directed the Commissary to see what could be obtained from him. He was rather unwilling to part with any, without he could receive an Indemnification for the eventual Loss of his Voyage, which was not in my Power to give him, or an Assurance

* Note 146. COLLINS TO' KING. 329

from me that the Provisions should be replaced at Sydney. 1805. I told him that I was certain they would, if you had them, and I i ct' did not conceal from him that you had only Salt meat enough for Purchase of

your own Wants until March next. It was at last agreed that he meat from ship should land me 18 Casks of Flour and 19 Tierces of Beef and f^d and Pork, the return of which I hope and think cannot be felt at Sydney. He has run this Risk, not, I am persuaded, for the Three hundred Pounds, but actually to serve the Settlement; and I shall certainly represent the Circumstance in the strongest Terms to the Secretary of State. It will give me great Pleasure, my dear Sir, to know that you feel with me on this Occasion, and that Lucas is dispatched on his Fishing Voyage without any Loss of Time or of his People. Surely before this little Supply is gone, something will have arrived. I was yesterday in full Expectation that a Ship was in Arrival of the lower Part of the River, by the Appearance of two strange boats' Boats entering the Cove, which to my great disappointment proved to be the one—Mr. Knopwood's Boat—which had been taken away by Stuart, and the other the Boat belonging to a Request from Sealing Gang which had been left at Oyster Island, and em- ^provisions. ployed by a Man at Sydney named Isaac Nicholls. These People, nine in Number, having been nearly starved for several Weeks, came hither to procure Provisions; so that instead of a Supply to our Wants, here were nine People looking up to us to supply theirs. This, however, for prudential reasons, I have refused doing, but they will receive some Assistance from In­ dividuals, and from several Dogs which they have introduced with themselves. Were I to encourage these Applications, we might be frequently teazed with them. These People have been for several Weeks expecting a Schooner Expected with Supplies, and say they must wait here until her Arrival. amval of ship- Should she not have sailed before you receive this, I will thank you to urge her Departure, as I do not wish the People to stay here any longer than we cannot avoid. What can have detained her, and the Sydney or some other Ship, we weary ourselves with conjecturing. Every Day, however, brings with it its Hopes that Conjecture will have nothing left, but unhappily Night closes without those Hopes being realized. Yet we have one Consolation, that the Lapse of each Day shortens the Period between us and that more fortunate one which is to bring the much waited for Relief. That it may speedily arrive, and that you and your Family may enjoy Health and Plenty, is the sincere Wish of Yours, &c, DAVID COLLINS. P.S.—Could you spare me a Log or two more of Cedar? 330 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. 15 Oct. (Despatch per ship Sophia; acknowledged by Governor King, 1st November, 1805.) Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, Sir, 15th October, 1805. Despatches I have the Honor to Acknowledge the Receipt of Your acknowledged. Excellency's several Letters of the 24th of May, 17th, 24th, 26th and 27th of June by the Ships Richard and Mary, King George, and Sophia, the former arriving here on the 9th of June, And the two latter on the 17th and 23rd of July. I am concerned to state that Your Excellency's intention of sending me a Supply of Sixty Tierces of Salted Meat have been Loss of salt frustrated by Mr. Collins having been compelled to throw Twenty meat on voyage eight of the Tierces overboard at Sea, in order to lighten the of ship Sophia. Ship after a gale of Wind, which stove in one of the Bows. From your knowledge of the State of my Provision Store, an account of which was transmitted by the Governor Hunter Schooner, you will readily beleive that so considerable a loss as Twenty eight out of Sixty Tierces of Meat must prove a very serious disappointment to me, particularly as from the tenor of Your Excellency's last communication by this unfortunate con­ veyance I have not any reason to suppose you could immediately send me a further supply. In this state of uncertainty as to future supplies, I adopted the only measure which presented itself of prolonging the scanty ration I then issued, and putting off to a greater distance the day of want with which we seemed Kangaroo meat threatened, by receiving Kangaroo into the Public Stores at One received into Shilling per pound and issuing two pound thereof in lieu of one public stores. of Salted Pork. There being in general very little meat on the Fore Quarters, I directed their being sent to the Hospital and boiled into Soup for the Sick and the Feet were Weighed and delivered to the Glue-maker, so that every part of this, to us very valuable Animal, was made useful. General orders. The General Order* which I issued on this Occasion was dated the 2nd August, And that for its discontinuance on the 2nd of Octr. instant. An Account of the whole quantity of Kangaroo received and expended within that period will be found in the inclosed Return. Supplies of salt My Letter of the 1st instantf by the Richard and Mary will meat and fish. have informed Your Excellency, that I had procured a small Supply of Beef and Pork And a still smaller of Flour from Mr. Lucas, And, as the Weather is growing warmer, I purpose employing a Boat constantly in fishing. I was fortunately enabled during the last Summer to make some saving of Salt Meat by issuing Fish and a few of the Spayed Sows, which were

Note 161. Note 162. COLLINS TO KING. 331 received by the Lady Barlow. Of the Wheat that came down in isos. the King George, Two hundred bushels were purchased at the lo 0ct price limited by Your Excellency in Your Letter of the 24th Purchase of of June, And a small quantity of Wheat Meal. But these methods, Sir, of victualling such a Settlement as this are trifling Precarious and precarious, And therefore very insufficient to the end pro- suPPlies- posed by its Establishment. I however observe "with much satis­ faction the measure, recommended in Your Excellency's Des­ patches, of these Settlements being Supplied with Provisions by the Month of January next,- And I sincerely hope that nothing will have prevented its adoption. The enclosed return will inform Your Excellency of the Return of quantity of Ground in Cultivation this Season, under different cultivation. sorts of Grain at the Government Farm and at Risdon Cove, where I have caused the few Acres which were cultivated last Year to be better tilled, and again sown with Wheat and Barley, being unwilling to suffer any spot of Ground to remain un­ occupied that can be made productive. The Settlers and such of the Officers, who have proceeded to Cultivation, will have about Fifty Acres under different sorts of Grain in this Season, And I hope to send Your Excellency a favorable report of their several efforts. The whole quantity of Grain raised last year amounted to upwards of Three Hundred Bushels, and, as it was obtained under every disadvantage attending afirst Cro p on New Ground, I have well founded expectations of' an abundant produce from the ensuing harvest; And, for the reception and Security of which, I am* Constructing a suitable Barn at New Town. The Meal that I purchased from the King George was packed shoes to be in Skins, that are now undergoing the process of tanning, and colonial1" which, when perfected, will, with the Kangaroo Skins properly leather. prepared for Upper leathers, enable me very shortly to issue a pair of Shoes to each of the Prisoners. As it must, however, be supplies of known by Government that the Supply of Cloathing sent with storesnexpectecl. me, which was intended for Two Years after our landing, must have been all issued and that period be expired this Month, I trust that both provisions and Cloathing, as well as many other necessary Stores, will very shortly arrive, and that hereafter supplies of all kinds may be regular, a point that I shall most earnestly press in my next Communication to the Secretary of State for the Colonies. Your Excellency will no doubt have anticipated one inevitable consequence of the present scarcity of provisions, a frequent commission of Robberies. I had my fears for the Publick stealing of Stock, And I am sorry to say they were not without good reason, live stook' for two Calves have been stolen from the Stock Yard at New 332 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. Town, And there was sufficient evidence of their having been 15 Oct. both killed. Both that and the Stock Yard at this place are however now very well watched, And I hope no other Accident will happen to them. Filly foal. One of the Mares that were left by Captn. Bowen foaled yesterday a very fine Filly; the other Mares are not in foal, as mentioned in a former Letter. Permission to Some of the Officers and Settlers having requested my per­ build boats. mission to build themselves small boats for their Accommo­ dation in going up and down the River and Sending their Ser­ vants and Dogs across, I consented after pointing out the neces­ sity of their being always properly secured; for, altho' but of small dimensions, they might be reckoned large enough by some of our desperate and thoughtless People to convey them to some of the Sealing Gangs in our Neighbourhood. I have permitted Hacking, as the Pilot of this River, to construct a Boat upon somewhat a larger scale, which when completed will be always Refusal of moored with the Government Boats. Blinkworth, the Settler, permission to applied to me for leave to build a Vessel of Sixteen Tons burthen, build vessel. but that I absolutely refused and should he, after such refusal presume to address Your Excellency on the Subject, I hope you will refuse him. Proposed Servicable as a small Colonial Vessel would be here, I have not building of the means of Building one at present, And have therefore written vessel for government. to Kable and Underwood at "Sydney to know if they would under­ take to construct one for the Use of the Settlement. Had I been so fortunate as to have had one that I could have dispatched to Port Jackson, Your Excellency should much earlier than by the return of the King George have been acquainted with my situation. Returns I have the honor to inclose a Quarterly Return of the people transmitted. under my Orders, and a General Statement of the inhabitants of this Settlement up to the 30th Ultimo. I have, kc, DAVID COLLINS.

[Enclosure No. 1.]

Return of ACCOUNT of Kangaroo, received and issued from the 1st of kangaroo, meat August and 5th of October, 1805 (both inclusive). Total Amount of Kangaroo received 17,064 lbs. Issued as a Ration 11,193 lbs. to the Hospital 5,146 „ to the Glue Maker 725 Total .. 17,064 lbs KING TO COLLINS. 333

ACCOUNT of Provisions remaining in H.M. Stores. isos. „ „ 15 Oct. Flour. Pork. Beef. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Beturl, 0f Pr. Ocean 4,800 — — provisions. „ Lady Barlow 1,500 — — „ Sophia .' — 3,180 — „ Richard and Mary 4,032 3,498 2,688 10,332 6,678 2,688 Sufficient Flour for 5 weeks; Beef and Pork 8 Do. LEONARD FOSBROOK, Dy. Commissary. Commissary's Office, Hunter's Island, 2nd October, 1805. Rec'd pr. Richard and Mary, Flour for 2 Weeks; Beef and Pork, 5 Do. [Enclosures Nos. 2, 3, and 4.] [Copies of these returns are not available.]

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 24th October, 1805. 24 Oct. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship Sophia; acknowledged by lieutenant-governor * Collins, 27th January, 1806.) Sir, Sydney, New South Wales, 1st November, 1805. 1 y°v- I have Received yours by the Sophia, dated 15th October, Despatches . and having, by my replies to your Letters by the King George and Richard and Mary, answered the principal parts of your letter of that date, I shall only observe that, on those Heads from the documents you sent me by the Governor Hunter, I had no cause to suppose a possibility of your being at so reduced a Ration as you appear to have been at. You will observe by Mr. Fosbrook's return to me sent by you Calculations of June 15th last, you then had a sufficiency of Grain and Flour provMomat to last until the 29th January next at a full ration Viz. Six the Derwent. pounds of Flour and Six pounds of Wheat, And as it since appears by your letter of the 15th October, that you had received in addition from the King George Two Hundred Bushels of Wheat and Three Thousand pounds of Meat, And by the Richard and Mary Four Thousand Four Hundred and Sixty pounds of Flour, which, in the proportion of your issue on the 13th June, i.e., Six pounds of Flour and Six pounds of Wheat each full ration, ought to have extended the time of your full Rations lasting until the 19th Febry. According to Mr. Fos­ brook's Report of 15th June last, and even making an allowance 334 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

180.3. for waste and loss on issue of One Eighth, it would not have 1 Nov. decreased the time of its lasting more than four Weeks, i.e., until Calculations the middle of January. You may therefore conceive that the rr supply of provisions at Accounts of your having no more Flour and Grain on the 2nd the Derwent. of October than to last until the 7th instant at four pounds of Flour each full Ration gave me much surprize; And, as I had fortunately sent the Governor Hunter with a supply of 560 Bushels of Wheat and taken up the Sydney to go to Norfolk Island on her way to the Derwent to take you further supplies before I received your first and unexpected Information of the shortness of your provisions, I think a more conclusive proof cannot be given of my anxious Wish and" Exertions to furnish your Settlement with supplies to the utmost, and indeed far Supplies beyond the extent of the resources of this Colony. As the shipped. Governor Hunter will have arrived in the course of the last month, by her you will receive 560 Bushels of Wheat, which will be upwards of Six Months for your 418 full Rations; and admitting you reduce the full ration to two-thirds, that quantity will last Ten Weeks, and before that period I hope the Sydney will have arrived with an ample Stock to last you until Supplies can be sent from the produce of our approaching Harvest. Prospects of Observing by your return of the quantity of Ground in Culti- agriculture. ration, the favorable hopes you have of a good return for the Seed sown, And as I have made the Grants of Land" you re­ quested, I have no doubt but your Cultivation will every Year make you more independant of Supplies of Grain from any Quarter. Permission to The Arrangements, you have made in permitting Individuals build boats. to build small Boats, will be a great means of facilitating the acquirement of many advantages, And may not be attended with any inconvenience. Referring you to my former Letters on the Subject of your being furnished with a Vessel from hence belonging to Govern­ ment, I am concerned that no fresh occurrence of that kind has enabled me to comply with your former request. I have, &c, PHILIP GIDLEY KING.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KiNG.f (Despatch per H.M.S. Buffalo.) 2 Nov. My dear Sir, Hobarttown, 2nd November, 1805. Supplies received. The little Supply was greatly welcome; and I trust the Sydney will not be long after th"e time when you tell me I may expect her, as until then I must continue my people upon a very reduced ration, which at this season, when ourfine weathe r is just

• Note 163. • Note 112. COLLINS TO KING. 835 commencing, is peculiarly ill-timed. My principal wrork in hand 1805. at this moment is my barn, which I must and will have finished 2 Kov. in time to receive the fruits of much labour and a favourable Erection season. The shortage of our ration has had more effect upon labour than upon the health of the people, as you will perceive by the inclosed copy of the surgeon's return of yesterday. That truly vaurien, Stewart,* has made another attempt to Attempt of' escape, as I mentioned in another letter. He says now he has to escape. seen his error, and assures me I may trust him, but fortunately I know exactly how far. I have in my possession the paper con­ taining the forgery of your initials, which, as he never betrayed any one by it, I have promised him not to bring forward against him. No possible evil can accrue from it now, and it shall be destroyed when I hear from you that you have not a wish to use it. I thank you heartily for your attention to my wants, and I feel much satisfaction in knowing that I had it in my power to send you later news than any you had received from England. I purpose, and indeed always intended, to pay particular atten- improvement 1 n uahtv ( tion to the growth and improvement of wool, and shall make a w 0oi °. point of only keeping such males as will tend thereto. If Palmer has, as he promised, sent me any ewes on my own account by the Sydney, I.shall assign a Spaniard to their use, and carefully mark the amelioration of the wool. The amenability of the civil officers of these settlements to the Trial of civil decisions of a military tribunal is a circumstance that the gentle- courTma'rtiai. men composing my medical staff cannot account for. I have, however, no reason to suppose they will ever be convinced, in their own person, that Mr. Mileham's appearance before a General Court-Martialf was compatible with the terms of his commission. Should Mr. CayleyJ arrive by the Sydney, be assured such Expected attention as I can show him he shall receive. I imagine his pur- a'caiey? suits are botanical; if so, he is coming at a very good time, for we shall about then be. abounding in botanical beauties. 1 beg my best wishes to Mrs. King's acceptance. Yours, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per ship Sydney; acknowledged^ by Governor King, — 1806.) Hobarttown, Van Dieman's Land, Sir, 9th December, 1805. 9 Dec. Captain Forrest having acceded to my request of furnish­ ing with a Passage to Port Jackson the Soldier (whose appeal to * Note 164. t Note 165. t Note 166. § Note 167. 336 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. a General Court Martial I mentioned in a former Letter), with 9 Dec. the Evidences in support of the charge against him, as well as G. Smith sent those summoned by him in his Behalf, I have now the Honor for trial by court martial. to request your Excellency will cause a General Court Martial to assemble for the Trial of George Smith, Private in the 62d Company of His Majesty's Royal Marine Forces and serving in the Detachment of the said Corps under my Command, on a charge of " behaving with disrespect and contempt to his superior Officer on Sunday, the 14th of October, 1804." I have thought it for the good of His Majesty's Service that an Officer should be detached in the charge of the Prisoner and the Evidences. 1st Lt. JohnsOn will, therefore, have the Honor of delivering this Letter and my other Dispatches to your Excel­ lency; and, as I can indeed at any time but ill spare so many from the Military Services of this Garrison, I have to hope your Excellency will have it in your Power to return them shortly after the Termination of the Court Martial. It is necessary to observe that the Prisoner has not in any way suffered by his Confinement, which has at no time been as strict as is customary with Prisoners, who are brought to Trial before a General Court Martial. Lieutenant Johnson can make this Evident to your Excellency or the Court, if it should he requisite. I enclose the Crime, for which the Prisoner is to be tried, with the names of the Evidences in support of it, and of those whom he calls on for his defence. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.] [A copy of this paper is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO SECRETARY MARSDEN. (Despatch tier ship Sydney.) 16 Dec. 16th Deer., 1805. [The following extract only of this letter is available:—] Expiration of THE Detachment having now been landed upwards of two years, term of service of marine the period is approaching when, according to the assurances* that detachment. were given to the Marines Serving in New South Wales under the late Major Ross, with a copy of which I was furnished for my guidance, they will be allowed to make their election of either being discharged abroad upon the relief, which was to take place with that Detachment at the expiration of three years from their landing and permitted to Settle in the Country, or be allowed to quit His Majesty's Service on their return to Eng­ land. I therefore beg leave to* request their Lordships will take

* Note 168. COLLINS TO CAMDEN. 337 these circumstances into their consideration and direct me in 1805. what manner to proceed when the term of three years above men­ tioned shall be expired.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO EARL CAMDEN. (Despatch per ship Sydney.) Government House, Hobart Town, My Lord, Van Diemen's Land, 17th December, 1805. i" Dec. Having received from His Excellency the Governor-in- Chief an official communication of your Lordship's having suc­ ceeded to the Seals of the Colonial Department, I have the General report Honour of submitting to your Lordship the following particulars of the present State of this Settlement, with the direction of which I was Honor'd by the King, on the recommendation of the late Secretary of State for the Colonies, the Right Honourable the Lord Hobart. My Letters* by His Majesty's Ship Calcutta will have informed your Lordship of my having established the Settlement here in­ stead of at Port Phillip, the original place of my destination; and I have now the pleasure of acquainting your Lordship that Prospects of after a residence of nearly two years in this part of New Holland, I have every reason to be entirely satisfied with my situation on every point in which it can he viewed, and I entertain very sanguine Hopes that in a short time the difficulties and depri­ vations generally attendant on young Settlements will here have yielded to the ease and comfort of older Establishments. But suffer me, my Lord, most earnestly to entreat that the Supplies Request for of Provisions and Cloathing, which we must for some time re- trom^Sig'S.nt. quire to be furnished with, be sent us from England, and that we are not left to depend for them upon Port Jackson. I under­ stand from Governor King that, aware himself of the Impossi­ bility of furnishing such an Establishment as mine with Animal Food, he has stated in his letter to your Lordship the necessity of this Settlement (as well as that under Lieut.-Governor Paterson at Port Dalrymple), being supplied with two years' Provisions, and which he requested might be despatched so as to arrive here in the next month (January, 1806). Should this representation have reached your Lordship, I have not any doubt of Supplies being now on their voyage hither. Since the date of my letters to Lord Hobart in the month of Reduction February last, I have been obliged to reduce the Ration of Pro­ visions to two-thirds of the full allowance, nor am I yet able to issue the complete ration as directed by the Treasury. Having communicated to the Governor-in-Chief the state of the Provision

SER. III. VOL. I—Y * Note 169. 338 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. Store as it stood when I sent off the letters above-mentioned, I 17 Dee. thought it prudent, as the Supplies which I had every reason to expect had not arrived, to issue only two pounds two ounces of Salted Pork per man per week, which I directed on the 24th of May last. By a Communication which I received from the Governor in the month of September, I found that in sending me Sixty tierces Loss of of Pork, he had done his utmost to assist us; but unfortunately provisions per the Master of the Ship in which they were embarked had been ship Sophia. compelled to throw twenty-eight of them overboard to lighten the Ship, after a heavy gale of wind which stove in one of her bows. This was a serious disappointment to me, particularly as the Governor had not given me any reason to suppose he would immediately send me a further Supply. Kangaroo meat In this State of uncertainty as to future Supplies, I adopted issued from the only measure that presented itself of prolonging the Scanty public stores. Ration I then issued, and putting off to a greater distance the day of want with which we seemed threatened, by receiving Kangaroo into the Public Stores at one shilling per pound, and issuing two pounds thereof in lieu of one of Salted Meat. There being in general very little meat on the fore quarters, I directed their being sent to the Hospital and boiled into Soup for the Sick, and the feet to the Glue makers, so that every part of this to us very valuable animal was made useful. General order. The General Order* which I issued on this occasion was dated on the 2nd of August, and the Commissary continued taking Kangaroo into the Store until the 2nd of October, when I directed him to discontinue receiving it. An account of the whole quantity of kangaroo received and expended within that period will be found in the enclosed Return. At this time there were three Ships in the Derwent, which had been employed here during the Fishery Season, and as they were on the point of departing I conceived it my duty to endeavour to obtain some assistance from them, and therefore directed the Deputy-Commissary to speak to the Masters on this Subject, Purchase of I found that only one ship, the Richard and Mary, could give me provisions. any assistance, the Master of which, Mr. Lucas, consented, after much negociation, to spare me Thirteen Casks of Flour and nine­ teen tierces of Salted Beef and Pork, upon the following terms, viz., That the Provisions were to be replaced from the Stores at Sydney, and that for the deviation in the Ship's Voyage, which must necessarily ensue, I should pay him the Sum of £300. I told Mr. Lucas that I could not give him a positive assurance that the provisions would be replaced at Sydney, but I felt no reluctance in promising to urge their being returned to him, in

•Note 161. COLLINS TO CAMDEN. 339 the strongest manner to the Governor. Upon the Provisions ISOS. being landed he received a set of Bills of Exchange on the [ 1°' Treasury for the Stipulated Sum; and I hope, my Lord, that Purchase of even the temporary aid which was thus afforded to between Four and Five hundred People will justify my adopting such a proceeding. Upon the 23rd of October a Small Schooner arrived from Supplies Port Jackson with twenty-five tierces of Pork and Five hundred sj°dneyd fr°m and eighty-six Bushels of Wheat—Sufficient at a full ration for six weeks; and the Governor informed me I might expect a further supply of Salted Meat and grain by a Ship named the Sydney, which was proceeding to this place for the purpose of collecting the Oil that had been procured during the Fishery Season, and might arrive early this month. She, however, came in on the 28th of the preceding month, with the Flour, Grain, and Salt Meat specified in the enclosed account. In this Ship arrived a Norfolk Island Settler, named George Arrival of Guest, who has made his election of this place, in preference of G' Guest' Port Dalrymple, as his future residence. The Governor had directed a certain number of Sheep to be put on board this Ship Sheep received for the use of the Settlement, and I was also instructed by him to Sydney? take whatever overplus Sheep this Settler might land at Two pounds two Shillings per Head. From these animals having been put almost immediately upon dry from moist and succulent food, many belonging to Government and to the Settler died on the passage, and of the remainder several which were landed in a weak state have died. As the Sydney had to proceed to Norfolk Island to receive the Payment under Provisions and Stock for this Settlement, for this deviation on sMp^ydney. the Voyage the Master stipulated with the Governor to receive £600 if he was detained upwards of fourteen days off the Island, which detention was to be certified under the hand of the Com­ mandant of that Settlement. 'A counterpart of the Contract* entered into between the Governor and the Commander of the Sydney was sent to me for my guidance in the payment of the freight, and, receiving from the Commandant a certificate of the Ship's having been detained upwards of fourteen days from his having communication with the Island, I have directed the Deputy-Commissary to draw a Set of Bills on the Treasury for the sum of £800 Sterling, at ninety days sight, in favour of Mr. Austin Forrest, the Commander. This, my Lord, though but a temporary relief for a few months, will not, I hope, be exhausted before a Supply arrives from England; and I trust your Lordship will excuse my revert­ ing to the propriety of our being supplied direct from thence with

* Note 170. 340 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. Provisions, Stores, and Clothing, without any dependence being 17 Dec. placed on Port Jackson as a resource. The Governor has every Request for wish to comply to the utmost of his abilities with the Instructions direct supplies from England. he received on the Subject of supplying our wants, but it is not in his power to ensure himself the Supplies necessary for his own. In a letter of the 26th of September, he informs me that Inability to on opening the Stacks of Wheat belonging to Individuals, after ship supplies the grounds were cropped, it was discovered that an insect has from Sydney. consumed several of them, and most of the others were more or less injured or destroyed. In the heavy rains from March to June the maize has not yielded half a crop, owing to its rotting before it could be gathered, and from these great and un­ expected losses the Settlers had it not in their power to furnish any of those Grains. His sole dependence, therefore, for the remainder of the year was in the Reserve of the Stacks belong­ ing to Government, which were then thrashing. I have every Prospects of hope that I shall raise wheat enough this Season to issue part agriculture. as a Ration, after reserving a quantity necessary to crop the grounds again; but my corn is yet growing; a blight may destroy all my expectations, or an insect may render useless all the labour of the preceding season. I cannot say from the experience of last year that either of these evils will fall upon us, but I cannot say they will not. Your Lordship will, I hope, forgive my dwelling so long upon this Subject, but I am interested in the welfare of the little colony which I have established here, and I am persuaded that its chance for Success must for the present greatly depend upon the countenance which it may meet with from your Lordship, My Endeavour shall keep pace with my wishes to give it per­ manence and vigor, and I shall hope that my proceedings may meet with your Lordship's Approbation. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

[Enclosure No. 1.] [This enclosure was similar to that numbered 1; see page 2.]

[Enclosure No. 2.]

Return of RETURN of Flour, Grain, and Salted Meat received from Port provisions per Jackson and Norfolk Island Per the Sydney, on the 28th of ship Sydney. November, 1805:— Flour. Bushels of Wheat. Bushels of Maize. Salted Pork. 14,593 lbs. 677 670 42,193 lbs. DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Governor. COLLINS TO CAMDEN. 341

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'(3ABa[ Aq 4uasqv) a^uooApv aSpnr ~ 'sauu^K 'H 'ul°0 "?ti»n P"^ JO(U8AOO 'inaiq I-H 342 HISTORICAL EECOEDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. [Enclosure No. 4.] 17 Dec. EETURN of Stock belonging to Government in His Majesty's Return of Settlement, Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, 19th Decem­ live stock. ber, 1805. 1 » n -n 0) (« Remarks Place where Kept. i / to CO en i > CJ a O i 5 W a u- u 22 o L> w :c ** —r. CO At Hobart Town.. 2 1 48 35 49 5 40 3 2 At Newtown 3 1 1 4 5 78 55 173 1 9 Total 5 1 1 5 5 126 90 222 6 49 3 2

DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Governor. [Enclosure No. 5.] Return of civil RETURN of Officers, Superintendents and Overseers belonging to establishment. the Civil Establishment at Hobart Town, Derwent Eiver, the 19th*of December, 1805.

Names. Appointment. When Appd. Where disposed.

David Collins, Esq. .. Lieut. Governor .... Hobart Town. Rev. Robt. Knopwood Do Benjn. Barbauld .... Dy. Judge Advocate.. In England on Leave. Surgeon Hobart Town. Mattw. Bowden 1st Asst. Surgeon .... Do Wm. Hopley 2nd „ „ Do Leonard Fosbrook.... Dy. Commissary .... Do Geo. Prid'x Harris ... Mineralogist Do A. W. H. Humphrey . 2nd April, 1804 .. At Port Jackson. WmThos. .Collin Clarkse Superintend't. Resigned 13 Aug., 1804. Wm. Paterson Do At Sew Town. Do 21st Jany., 1804 ,, Hobart Town. Do 27 Feby Do Richard Clarke 1 June Do Do Do John Ingle Do New Town. Fran's. Shipman .... Storekeeper 30th Septr., 1804. Resignedl4Octr.,1805. DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Govr. [Enclosure No. 6.] RETURN of Persons who have died at Hobart town between the 9th November, 1804, and the 19th December, 1805 (both Inclusive).

Trades or Names. Quality. Time when. Place where. Occupations.

Joseph Bradley Prisr. 10th Deer. ,1804 Hobarttown Contusion.. Carpenter. James Price 17 Feby., 1805 Drown'd .. Mariner. Mary Allen . 4 Mar., Catarrh John Curtis 27 Mav, Do Free 18 June, Infant (Female). Cathe. Fox. 4 Augt., Burnt Do (Male). Josh. Carley Prisr. 13 Novr., Ecoriation. Chrr. Croubery " Cough COLLINS TO CAMDEN. 343

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO EARL CAMDEN. ISOS. (Despatch per ship Sydney.) 1SDec ' Government House, Hobart Town, My Lord, Van Dieman's Land, 18th Deer., 1805. I have the Honor to enclose, for your Lordship's Informa­ tion, a return of the Detachment of the Royal Marine Eorees Serving under my Command in this garrison; from observing Necessity for the weakness of which, I trust that your Lordship will see the marine6 °f necessity of its being increased in proportion to the increase detachment. of prisoners and the Property, which is to be protected by them. My present numbers are so Small that I cannot mount as many Centinels as I should do, had I more men; and when any of them are in the Hospital, the duty falls hard upon the remainder. I have, kc, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.] RETURN of a Detachment of Royal Marines, serving at Hobart- Return of town, Van Dieman's Land, 18th Deer., 1805. detachment. Captain: Wm. Sladden. 1st Lieut.: Jas. Miehl. Johnson; Edwd. Lord. Serjeant: James McCauley; Saml. Thorne; Wm. Gangell. Cor­ poral: Wm. Davies; Thos. Cole; Wm. Bean. Drummer: Wm. Hughes; John Brown. Private: John Bellingham; Wm. Perry; James Crisshold; Robt. Andrews; John Downes; Wm. Catford; Saml. Sudrick; Thos. Green; Thos. Pennington; Edw'd Westwood; Allen Young; Robert Alomes; Saml. Wiggins; James Ray; John Blacklow; Wm. Bowden; Robert Evans; John Keelan; Hugh German; Wm. Johnson; Pat'k Carrol; Job Stokes; John Whaley; Thos. Ferratt; Pryce Pritchard; James Price; John Topley; Richard Buckingham; James Spooner; Joseph Woolley; John Taylor (1st); John Taylor (2nd); Richd. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO EARL CAMDEN. Rowell; Richd. Walton(Despatc; Geo.h Curley per shi; Geop Sydney.. Smith); Rieh'd Sargent. Government House, Hobarttown, My Lord, Van Dieman's Land, 18th December, 1805. I have the Honor to enclose a Demand for two years Requisitions. Provisions and clothing, and for various articles of Medicines and other Stores, of which we are much in want. I also enclose a separate Demand for a set of materials for a Materials for Water Mill, the Stream which furnishes the settlement with water mil1' water being perfectly equal to turning one of any Dimensions. I have two People here, one of them a Prisoner, who are capable of constructing it, and I need not point out the great advantages wc should derive from being enabled to grind our own Flour. I think it necessary to observe to your Lordship that many of Quality of the articles of Cloathing and Stores, which were brought with previouss ores' 344 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. us, were constructed of very bad materials, the shoes in par­ 18 Dec. ticular, which should have been of the best, were of the worst Quality. Clothing As all the Cloathing, which was sent out with us and calcu­ required. lated for two years after our Landing, has been issued, that Period having expired in October last, I hope that we are not far from receiving a supply. Tanning of Finding that the Bark of the Trees, called the Blue Gum and kangaroo skins. Bkck Watt]e of this country, can be used successfully in tan­ ning, I have employed some Prisoners conversant in that Busi­ ness; and we get some very good Upper Leathers from the skins of the Kangooroos, but we are not so well furnished with material for Sole Leather, the skins of such of the Bengal Cattle as have died being found not to have sufficient substance for that pur­ pose. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.] [Copies of these requisitions are not available.]

[Enclosure No. 2.] Requisition for DEMAND for Materials for a Water Mill, to be executed at Hobart materials for TI -rr T\ - ; T J water mill. lown, \ an Dieman s Land. Two pairs of French Stones, 4£ feet in Diameter, made complete, with Boxes, Spindles, Step, Brass, etc., so as to be complete for work. Half a Ton of plaister of Paris to repair the Stones in case of Accident; 2 Cwt. of Brass; Six dozen of Cast Steel Mill; Bills, etc. DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Governor.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch marked " Private," per ship Sydney.) 19 Dec. Dear Sir, Hobarttown, 19th December, 1805. Transmission The Sydney is in Frederick Henry Bay taking in Oil, of despatches. whence she sails on Saturday morning. My Despatches go to her to-morrow. Collections Mr. Cayley has had the best accommodation I could provide made by G. Caley. him with, and he has collected a great many Plants, a Wombat, and a Porcupine Anteater. He told me to-night he was much surprised at the Plants he saw growing here. Request for Lieut. Johnson, who goes in charge of the Prisoner Smith, and land grant by J. M. Johnson. the Evidences I have been obliged to send with him, will apply to Your Excellency for a Grant of 500 Acres of Land for a grazing Farm. The quantity is large; but if you have accorded it to Mr. Humphrey I see not any reason why this Officer should not have COLLINS TO KING. 345

the same indulgence. He has Stock; but if any Officer who had 1805. not Stock was to apply for 500 Acres of ground I should hold it my duty to refuse him. We have received the Vaccine here successfully. The medical Successful Gentlemen understand that Mr. McMillan had, as a remuneration vaccinevira". for keeping it alive or introducing it at Sydney, two Cows allotted him from the Public Stock. As they have been very attentive to the preservation of the Disease, I should not have any objection to rewarding them in a similar way, if such a mode has been adopted at Port Jackson. The Sheep, I am sorry to state, were very weak when landed. Losses of sheep. and though our Weather has not been by any means unfavourable since they arrived, fifty of them have died. They were quite emaciated and decayed within. I do not think them fine Sheep by any means. One Ram is alive, and fortunately the best of the two, as I am told. I trust we shall not be long without Supplies from England, for of the Pork received from Norfolk Island, three Casks were condemned by survey a few days since. One Cask contained condition of nothing but bones of Feet and Legs. The Wheat is full of weavil provisions. and very badly cleaned; the Maize is excellent. Some Boxes with different roots of culinary Herbs have failed Failure in toto, I am sorry to say. These I understand had been prepared ° ^' at Sydney by your direction, and with my thanks I will express my regret at their having failed. Margarot's conduct* incensed me so much that I determined to Conduct of state the whole of it to you. He is a dangerous Scoundrel— ' ''arga l worse a thousand times than Stuart,t vaurien as he is. A person of the name of Holt, proceeding to Port Jackson in Approval of

the Sydney, having looked about him here, is so pleased with us settier; that he has solicited my approbation of his coming here to settle with his family, and means to request your consent. I think, from all that I can learn of him, that he would be very useful here, and therefore hope there will not be any objection on your part. Should a man of the Name of Simpson produce a Letter and disapproval from me approving of settling here, I request you not to attend ofSlmPson' to it, having had good foundation for altering my opinion of him. I trust that Mr. Johnson will not be long absent from his duty here. He proposes to bring some Grain and Stock with him if he comes in a large Ship. I have undertaken to ask you to confer an inestimable favour Request for on a very ingenious, useful, and well-behaved man here, James ^"Grove0" Grove, by granting him a Conditional Emancipation. His offence is of that nature that I would not ask anything before —it being a Forgery on the Bank of England. Conditional

* Note 171. t Note 164. 346 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. Emancipation would lift him a few steps of the ladder higher than 19 Dec. where he now is, and I own I wish, from his actual merits, to see him so placed. If you choose to comply with this request you will oblige me. He was tried at the Warwickshire Gaol Delivery, on the 27th of March, 1802, and sentenced to transportation for life. Stationery I feel myself indebted to you for the paper you was so good as supplied. to send me; without it I should not have been able to have written my Letters to Lord Camden in the way I could wish. In the hope of seeing you and Mrs. King soon, for I hear you purpose paying us a visit. Yours, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.] Return of RETURN of Children innoculated with Vaccine Virus Since its children first introduction by — McMillan, Esqr., Surgeon of His vaccinated. Majesty's Ship Buffalo, 9th Novr., 1805. Innoculated:—John Bowden; William Thorne; Richard Hop- ley; Henrietta Thorne; Robert Hobart May, a Native of Van Dieman's Land. The above children were innoculated and took the infection in the most distinct and favorable manner. At present under Innoculation:—Caroline Maria Risaley; Sarah Davies. From the present appearance of the above two cases, there is every reason to expect a favorable termination of the disease. WM. I'ANSON, Surgeon. Gen. Hospital, Hobart Town, 19th December, 1805.

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS.

20 Dec. 20th December, 1805. [A copy of this letter is not available.]

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship Sophia.) 24 Dec. 24th Deer., 1805. [The following extract only of this despatch is available:—] Application RESPECTING the Conversation You state to have passed between from A. W. H. Humphrey for You and Mr. Humphrey on the Subject of my consenting to land grant. that Gentleman having 500 Acres of Land located to him in Your Government, It is true that he and Lieutenant Lord applied to me for an extension of the town Lot, it appears you designed for them at Hobart Town without specifying any Quantity; to their Request, as they were in possession of what must be at present considered a valuable proportion of the Breeding Stock KING TO COLLINS. 347 in Your Settlement, I consented, provided I had Your recom- isos. mendation for that purpose, which I should have a pleasure in complying with, knowing that You would consider the propa­ gation of Stock as an Object of thefirst Importanc e in so infant a Settlement; and what my own Sentiments were on that Sub­ ject, in reply to Your Question in a former Letter, I beg to refer You to the 13th and 14th paragraphs of my Letter, dated January 8th, 1805. Since the Officers here have acquired a great quantity Practice for n S of Stock, Additional Ground for its Maintenance has been neces- t0 0filcers* sarily located to them, which I conceive ought to be the Case at Four Settlement, when private property in Stock increases. To which period, I conceive Your regards should be directed in requesting locations of Land, by reserving tracts as contiguous as possible to the 100 Acres to each Officer, who was with You at firstfixing You r Establishment, who participated in its attend­ ant inconveniences, and who shew a disposition to forward the Interest and Welfare of the Settlement by procuring Breeding Stock, which it appears Lieutenant Lord and Mr. Humphrey have done at much Expence and some loss. Nor do I doubt but You will, on Consideration of those Circumstances, recommend these Gentlemen to an equal proportion to what the other Officers have been allowed, as it is by no means my intention to interfere with any instructions, You quote and that I am. ignorant of. 7. Three Settlers from Norfolk Island, who were disappointed Settlers from in not reaching Port Dalrymple in the Buffalo, have expressed a ~v°l shipHophia. Wish of becoming Settlers under Your Government; they take their passage in the Sophia, and I request that the Conditions, on which these people were to be removed as pointed out in a former Letter,* may be complied with. Each of them possess Certificates from Captain Piper and myself of the quantity of Stock and Land, they are respectively entitled to for what they have given up at Norfolk Island; they have all received their proportions of Tools and Clothing at this place; to those who are intitled to Stock, I should conceive the best kind would be some of the Sows, as it is more in the power of an Individual at present in Your Colony to take Care of two Sows than for Government to provide for a Number.

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) 1806. 1S06. 1. In answer to Yours of the 9th December, inclosing the Despatch Crime for which George Smith, a private Marine, was sent here acknowledged. to be tried by a General Court Martial at this place, I have to inform You that, on the receipt thereof, I sent for the Judge

Note 172. 348 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. Advocate and gave him directions to prepare the Necessary War­ Want of rant for that purpose, when that Officer expressed his doubts authority to whether the King's Warrant, which I receive annually with the convene court martial for trial Mutiny Act, sufficiently empowered me to convene a General of marines. Court Martial for the trial of any Officer or private belonging to the Royal Marines, as that power belonged to the Lords of the Admiralty unless they delegated that power to any Com­ mander in Chief. The force of this Observation struck me from a recollection of the Circumstance* attending Captain Meredith and others of the Royal Marines in this Colony; And, as I hold no delegated Authority from their Lordships, I cannot but con­ sider my Authority insufficient in as far as ordering a General Court Martial to try any Officer or Private of the Royal Marines without that Authority; and, as I judged it necessary to obtain the Judge Advocate's Opinion thereon, I have the honor to en­ close You a Copy of his Letter on that Subject. Opinion 2. I have therefore directed Lieutenant Johnston with the required from Evidences to return by the Estremina, in Order that I may have D. Collins. Your opinion and Answer to this before the Sydney's departure for England. The Delinquent remains a prisoner at large, until I receive Your further Wishes respecting him. Effect of 3. I am sensible and feel with great regret the inconvenience, decision on marines. that may attend the Service in the impression this Circumstance may make on the Men of the Detachment, when they learn they cannot be tried by a General Court Martial, unless You possess any Document from the Admiralty to that purpose. Application 4. As I have not deemed it essential to take any present Reso­ to be made to admiralty. lution in this business, It remains only for me to request You will, either through me or of Yourself, apply to My Lords Com­ missioners of the Admiralty for their Authority being delegated to impower the Governor of this Territory to try Officers and Privates of the Royal Marines by General Court Martial, when Serving on Shore in this Territory and its Dependencies.

[Enclosure.]

OPINION BY JUDGE-ADVOCATE ATKINS. Sydney, 29th January, 1806. Opinion of I RECEIVED your Excellency's Letter respecting Your Authority judge-advocate for convening General Courts-Martial for the trial of such on legality of court martial Officers and Private of the Royal Marines as it might be found on marines. necessary to bring before such Court in this Colony. In the Conversation I had with Your Excellency on that Sub­ ject, I was clearly of Opinion that Your Excellency, not possess­ ing any Authority from the Lords of the Admiralty, you could

*Note 173. COLLINS TO KING. 349 not with safety issue your Warrant for that purpose. I am con- 1806. firmed in that opinion from a Circumstance that occurred during opinion of the American War, when it was found indespensably necessary judge-advocate to obtain an Act of Parliament to subject the Marines to a General courTmartiai Court-Martial whose Members were composed of Officers of the on marines- Line in conjunction with Officers of their own Corps. Another strong Case in point occurred in this Colony, where Major Ross, who commanded the Marines, wished to bring two of his own Officers to a General Court-Martial; but the then Governor, not having Authority from the Lords of the Admiralty to issue this Warrant for that purpose, it was laid aside, and one of those Officers was under an Arrest* for nigh three Years, and was afterwards tried in England. These, Sir, are my reasons for thinking that no Officer or Private of the Royal Marines can be tried here (in which opinion Major Johnston coincides), unless a Power is vested in the Governor from the Lords of the Admiralty, authorizing him to convene such a Court for that purpose. I have, &c., R'D ATKINS, J.-A.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (A private despatch per schooner Marcia.) Dear Sir, Hobart Town, 20th January, 1806. 20 Jan. In the Evening of Friday last (the 17th Inst.), the Master Arrival of of the Marcia Schooner delivered me your Letter of the 24th of ^Tip'sopiTa3 October, and Yesterday Morning the Sophia arrived after a short Passage of eight Days. The Schooner sailing this Even­ ing, I shall not enter upon many of the Subjects contained in them, which claim more Attention than Dean at present bestow; I shall only say that nothing is more forcibly imprinted on my Assistance Mind than the Attention which you have unremittingly shewn to p1VQn^ne our Wants, since myfirst Communication with you. I will add that I much regret their having been of such a Nature as to require Assistance beyond the Extent of the resources of Port Jackson. I however trust that our best Exertions will not be wanting to prevent our again being such a Burthen to you, particularly if we can once receive Supplies of People and Pro­ visions from England. Wefinished reaping 26 Acres of veryfine Whea t at the Govern- Agriculture. ment Farm at Newtown on Friday last, and this day the People returned from reaping the few Acres I had in Cultivation at Risden. There also I have some very good Wheat, but the Barley there and at Newtown is by no means so abundant as our Wheat appears to be. Among the Settlers there will be some good Crops, but they have the Smut in their Wheat.

* Note 173. 350 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA

1806. The Marcia brought me a Letter from my Friend Governor 20 Ja"' Paterson, which gave me much Satisfaction, as I had heard he et er from w P t ^ad been alarmingly ill; he complains of Fatigue both of Body and Mind, but what Person in his Situation can expect to be exempt from either. I thank you sincerely for placing George* in the Buffalo, where I trust he will do well, and am truly sorry that you should ever have had one Moment's Trouble with that worthless fellow, Grant, respecting whom I shall enter into such an Arrangement with Mr. Palmer, by the Sophia, as will prevent your being again troubled by him. Early departure As she sails in a few Days, and being at this Moment very far from well, I shall only request my respectful Compliments to Mrs. King (whose Distress for the Loss of such an useful Attendant as Dundas, I can easily imagine must be great), and that you will believe me to remain, My dear Sir, kc, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per ship Sophia.) 27 Jan. Sir, Hobarttown, 27th January, 1806. Despatches By the Schooner Marcia, which arrived here (from Port acknowledged. Dalrymple) on the 17th Instant, I had the Honour of receiving your Excellency's Letter of the 24th October last, and on the 19th by the Sophia, those of the 1st November, and 20th Decem­ ber following. Explanation To reconcile the difference which must have appeared to your in commissariat Excellency very extraordinaryf in the Deputy Commissary's re- returns, turns of his remains of Provisions for the last Year, I directed that Officer to examine and compare the Copies of those returns, and state the result to me for your Excellency's Information; and I have now the Honor of enclosing a Copy of his Letter to me, and of a Paper containing his remarks upon the several returns in Question, upon which it is necessary for me to observe, that of the Three thousand nine hundred Pounds of Flour, there­ in stated to have been issued by my order over and above the Ration, One thousand Six hundred and Eighty Pounds were supplied to Mr. Collins on his application, and on his condition­ ing in the Receipt, which he gave, to return the same in kind as I declined any other mode of payment; but which Quantity the House of Campbell is still indebted to this Settlement, as well as for some other Articles of Provisions and Stores, an account of which I shall cause to be transmitted, by this opportunity, to Mr. Robert Campbell, Agent at Port Jackson.

* Note 174. f Marginal note.—A deficiency of 6,000 lbs. of Flour, etc. COLLINS TO KING. 351

The remainder was issued to myself and the Officers of the 1806. Settlement, as an Accommodation and in the expectation that '_ ln' we should be able to return an equal Quantity into the Store Explanation iii ii ii-ii i j. of discrepancy before it could be wanted there, and which, though not yet in commissariat effected, will certainly be done, whenever we shall have it in ourreturns - Power to Purchase any. Of the Sixty thousand Pounds of Flour, which Mr. Fosbrook states to have been issued to the Stockkeeper and others, the greatest part was damaged Flour, received by the Lady Barlow, and which had been condemned by Survey, as reported in my Letters at that Period. Much of the Wheat, which appears to have been issued to Individuals, will I hope soon find its way into the Public Store again, as, from their present Crops, the Settlers in general will be able to replace what was spared to them from Time to Time as an Indulgence on our ceasing to issue the full Ration. Having before expressed my regrets at our having unavoidably Thanks for been such a Burthen to the Principal Settlement, and occupying p^^g0* so much of Your Excellency's Attention, as it is evident we must have done, I can only say we should be ungrateful in the extreme, did we not at all times acknowledge how much we con­ sider ourselves indebted to your Excellency for the Anxiety which you have expressed, and the readiness you have on every occasion shewn to relieve our wants. I trust we shall every Year be less burthensome to you, Sir, but we shall never forget we have been so. I must now advert to the Quality of some of the Provisions, Adverse report that have been lately received into the Settlement, and which I on quality of ^ ' provisions. am concerned to say is such, as very considerably to diminish the aid they were intended to convey. Upon a representation of the Deputy Commissary (prior to the departure of the Sydney), I caused a Survey to be held on One Puncheon of Pork con­ taining Nine Hundred Pounds, which had been received by the Buffalo, and which was condemned as unserviceable and unfit for use, being composed of Heads, Leg Bones, and Feet; at the same time two Casks of Pork, containing each Three hundred and twenty Pounds (part of the Sixty Tierces put on board the Sophia, from His Majesty's Stores at Sydney), were surveyed and condemned on account of the Pickle having leaked there­ from. Upon opening some of the Cases of Flour, received by the Sydney from Norfolk Island, an extraordinary deficiency appearing, I caused the whole, consisting of Fifty Six Cases, to be inspected and surveyed, when it appeared that on an average Eighty Pounds in each case were found damaged and unfit for use, the Cases having taken in Water in their Passage from the 352 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. Shore to the Ship. Guest, the Settler, being on the Survey, ex­ 27 Jan. plained the circumstance, and accounted in this way for the Adverse report Flour being damaged. These I could wish, Sir, were the only on quality of provisions. Losses we have to lament; but the Wheat received by the Sydney has been so carelessly cleaned that a Bushel of it, taken indis­ criminately from the whole Quantity in the Store, weighed only Forty Seven Pounds and no more than thirty five when cleared of the Chaff and dirt that were measured with it. The reports of the aforementioned surveys will be found in the Deputy Com­ missary's Account of the Expenditure of Provisions transmitted by this opportunity; and I have been this day given to understand that it will be necessary to hold a Survey on several of the remaining Casks of Pork, the Contents of which are composed of lean Hogs, that were salted down at Norfolk Island during a scarcity of Maize at that Place. No maize Perceiving in your Excellency's Letter by the Marcia that you received per thought it probable I might receive a quantity of Maize from schooner Marcia. that Vessel, I have to acquaint you that she left all her Grain at Port Dalrymple, and touched here solely to deliver the Letters that were on board for me from your Excellency and Lt. Gover­ nor Paterson. Shipment of The whole quantity of Maize put on board the Sophia at maize per Sydney (One thousand, three Hundred, and Fifty Bushels) has ship Sophia. been received in good Condition into His Majesty's Stores, and I shall, on Saturday next, commence issuing it as a ration observing the same Proportions of each Article (Wheat and Maize) as by Mr. Palmer's return I perceived were issued on the 20th Ulto. at Sydney. This Ration (taking the Bushel of Maize at 50 lbs.) I can issue for Sixteen Weeks, but your Excellency will observe that the calculation does not include the Wheat grown this Season at Newtown, which, after making a reserve for Seed, will I hope be a considerable addition to our Stock of Grain; and I shall cause it to be threshed out without loss of time, as I shall not be perfectly at ease for its safety, while it remains in the Stook. Emancipations The five Emancipations, which you did me the Honor to grant at my request, were delivered to the Prisoners for whom they were designed and thankfully received. They solicited. Permis­ sion to go off the Store; but, being all useful Men, whose services I could not very well spare, have consented to remain in their present Employments until by my numbers being increased I shall be better enabled to part with them. Land grant to Captain Sladden wishing to complete his present Farm of W. Sladden. Sixty to One Hundred Acres, I return the Grant that I received COLLINS TO KING. 353 by the Sophia for the purpose of being cancelled, and another 1806. made out for that Number of Acres. Lieutenant Lord having 27 Jan- also requested a small Extension of the Town Lot, which has Town lease for been Leased to him, I return the Lease herewith that the addition may be inserted in a new one, if not contrary to your Official Regulations on that subject, as I perceive it has been registered. I Having received a Letter from Mr. Humphrey respecting Application for the paragraph in that of mine to your Excellency, wherein I A^wfat.11* '°m mentioned a conversation between me and that Gentleman on Humphrey; the subject of your Excellency's consenting to Five Hundred acres of Land being located to him within this Government, in which he states that he only applied to your Excellency for an extention of the Town Lot, that is jointly between him and Lieu­ tenant Lord, and supposes I completely misunderstood him if I imagined otherways, Mr. Humphrey at that conversation repre­ sented that he had spoken to your Excellency relative to an Allotment of Land, which he was desirous of having within this Government, and to which you was pleased to say, you did not see any objection, if it did not interfere with any arrangement of mine. Upon his mentioning the Quantity, Five hundred Acres, I hesitated as the several Extracts from the Instructions and directions, which had been at different times sent out to New South Wales respecting the granting of Lands, and which formed part of my Instructions from my Lord Hobart, do no where say that so large an Allotment of Ground should be located to any Individual; but, conceiving that it met with your appro­ bation, and understanding that it was designed for grazing a considerable quantity of Stock, I consented; and Captain Slad- and from den, who had accompanied Mr. Humphrey, requesting to be w's]adden- allowed the same Quantity of Ground for a grazing Farm, re­ ceived an assurance from me that I would recommend his having the same Encouragement as Mr. Humphrey, which, as I before said, I conceived your Excellency was acquainted with. I apprehend the mistake in this affair to be in my having connected what Mr. Humphrey designed to be separate, the assertion that he had applied to your Excellency for an allot­ ment of Land, and the Quantity that he was desirous it should consist of, both of which I imagine had been mentioned to you. I directed the Deputy Surveyor to mark out an Allotment oi Location of Five Hundred acres for each of these Gentlemen at Risdon Cove, k"d grants' which was done; but he has not yet enabled me to send the description to your Excellency. I have appointed this Gentle- Collection of man to collect the Quit Rents and Fees upon Grants and Leases q,,it rents- SEE. III. VOL. I—Z of Land within this Settlement, with directions to remit them 354 -HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA,

1806. to your Excellency's Secretary, after retaining such as belong to 27 Jan- himself in his capacity of Deputy Surveyor General. Return of George Guest, late Settler at Norfolk Island, who arrived here Sydney. with his Family from that Settlement in the Sydney, takes his Passage to Port Jackson in the Sophia. I think it necessary to acquaint your Excellency with what has been done for his Accomodation by Government, though I do not apprehend that his departure has been occasioned by a Failure in any Prospect which depended upon me. Concessions I have already informed your Excellency in my Letter of the S^Guest!0 19th December last, that, in consequence of his representation of a great Mortality among his Sheep, I permitted him to dis­ pose of such as he could find Purchasers for at a greater Price (Three Pounds Per Head) than what I was instructed to give him. I permitted him to land Twentyfive Gallons of Spirits for his own use, and which were afterwards increased by twelve more. I offered him an empty Hut at Newtown, but he was placed by Captain Forrest in a Warehouse, which had been con­ structed by Mr. Collins and was then occupied by Mr. Chace. He at one time expressed a wish that Four hundred acres of the Ground, which he claimed under the directions, contained in my Lord Hobart's Despatch* received by Lieutenant Governor Foveaux, and made Public by him on the 8th May, 1804 (in all Four hundred and twenty four acres), should be marked out in four separate Allotments of One Hundred Acres each, one for each of his Male Children, to which arrangement I consented, and told him to look about the Country and make his Selection of such Spots as he should deem eligible for those Farms. Some time after I heard he was offering a Yoke of Oxen and other Stock for Sale, and upon enquiry found that he proposed quitting the Colony and proceeding to England. The want of Education here for his Children I understood was his principal motive in leaving the Settlement (a Want that at present it is not in my Power to supply) ; but he did not mean to relinquish the right he had acquired of holding Ground here by having made his Election of this Place whereat to settle, and talked of leaving his eldest Son behind him. Having disposed of his Oxen to one of the Military Officers, he offered me for the Public Store some prime Salted Pork, a Quantity of Sugar, and two Casks of dryfine Flour , which I directed the Deputy Commissary to Purchase, and for which he proposed to take Cattle in Pay­ ment, the amount being Three hundred and Thirteen Pounds, Eight Shillings. To this I consented, and he has received Twelve Cows of the Bengal Breed, and one Calf, valuing the Cows at Twenty five Pounds per Head.

* Note 175. COLLINS TO KING. 355

In agreeing to this Barter of Provisions for Stock, I con- iso6. sidered that the latter would still remain in the Country, and, 2|Ja "' by being left in the care of' an Individual, would thrive and Concessions increase equally with, if not better, than those in the Hands of G^Guest.0 Government, particularly as the Individual, by the arrange­ ments made between him and the owner, was interested in its Preservation. I enclose an account of the articles we have pro­ cured by this mutual Exchange, and hope the Transaction will meet your Excellency's approbation. As Guest proceeds with his Family to Port Jackson in the Sophia, I have directed the Commissary to victual them for Fourteen days, and I understand he purposes returning at some (not very) distant Period to occupy his Farms, which he has now chosen in one Allotment in the Neighbourhood of Herds­ man's Cove. In the beginning of this Month, accompanied by three of the Examination Pper Officers, I went up the River* in my Boat to thefirst Rapid , DVrwe„' where we landed, and, passing the Night, set off early the follow­ ing Morning, determining to walk on till Noon, which we did. taking the direction of the River but not exactly following its windings. In the course of our walk we crossed over some very fine and open Country, and had, where we halted, an uninter­ rupted view before us of some extensive Plains, stretching far into the Interior. Here we saw some very distant Mountains, or high Land, which in the Winter Season are covered with Snow7, and which we supposed to be those named by Governor Paterson the Rothesay Mountains* On my return down the River, I passed a few hours in a cursory Examination of Herdsman's Plains, where there is a considerable Quantity of Land, admir­ ably adapted for Grazing and Agricultural Farms. I have caused the several Prisoners, whose names were re- statements by turned to me for that Purpose, to be questioned respecting the prisoners. Ships in which they embarked for New South Wales, and which are mentioned in the enclosed List. As I by no means approve of keeping them here after they become free, if desirous of going elsewhere, I shall be thankful to receive their respec­ tive Sentences and Terms of Transportation by the return of the Sophia. Your Excellency will observe, in Mr. Fosbrook's remarks on Deficiency in his different returns, that the twelve Casks of Flour, which we Richard and* received from the Master of the Richard and Mary, were de- Mar." ficient Eight Hundred and forty Pounds on the whole, a deficiency that arose from a difference in the size of the Casks, which were stated by Mr. Lucas to contain each Three hundred and thirty six Pounds, but which did not run more than Two Hundred and

* Note 176. 356 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. Sixty. Pounds each. I considered as another Proof of your 27 Jan. attention to us the measure you adopted to return him the Flour without loss of time, and hope the reduction in your ration, which was the consequence, was trifling and but of short duration. Returns and Accompanying this are the Deputy Commissary's Account of reports transmitted. Provisions, received and issued from the 1st of January to the 31st December 1805. The general Statement of Inhabitants, and a return of Labour up to the 31st December last. I also enclose herewith a Copy of a Report, made to me by the Surgeon at the end of the Year, of the whole Number of Persons who have been, since April last (the date of his last report), under Medical Treatment, with his observations on the diseases that have appeared within that Period, together with the Deputy Com­ missary's Account of Provisions remaining in His Majesty's Stores at the end of the present Month. Despatch to Should the Sydney not have proceeded to England when this Lord Camden. Letter reaches your Excellency, I have to request you will add the accompanying Letter to Lord Camden to my other Des­ patches intended to go by that Ship. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS [Enclosures.] [Copies of these papers are not available.]

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 6 April. 6th April, 1806. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per schooner Estremina; acknowledged by Governor King, 26th July, 1S06.) 20 April. Sir, Hobarttown, 20th April, 1806. Despatches I have the Honor to acquaint, you that Lieutenant John­ received per son, having left the Estremina in the lower part of the Harbour J. M. Johnson. in the Morning of Thursday, the 10th Instant, reached the Settle­ ment at half past Ten that night and delivered to me the several Letters, with which he was charged from your Excellency, light Winds preventing the Schooner from anchoring until the Even­ ing of the Saturday following. Return and The Prisoner Keating* was landed the next Morning aud execution of Keating. lodged in a House, the Owner of which readily giving it up; he was attended with the solemnity that such a Situation required by the Revd. Mr. Knopwood, who administered the Sacrament to

Note 177. COLLINS TO KING. 357 him on the Morning of his Execution, which took place precisely 1806. according to the Tenor of your Excellency's Warrant directed 20 Apn ' to the Deputy Provost Marshal. I join with your Excellency in hoping that the amendment of the vicious, the principal end of Example Public Punishment, may be effected here by this Example; but punishment. I much fear that nothing will conduce to it so effectually as my being able, by the arrival of the Judge Advocate* appointed to this Settlement, to bring some of our most notorious Characters to Trial and prompt Execution. The Medicines sent by the Schooner have been received safe Supply of and will be useful, particularly the Bark; but I should hope that Supplies of Medicines and Hospital necessaries will be found for this Settlement on board the Transport that you, Sir, ex­ pect, as I have repeatedly pressed for such being sent out. The Vaccine Inoculation succeeded here in seven Instances, but I am sorry to observe that it is at present entirely lost. I am gratified at learning from your Excellency that the Arrangements attention shewn by me to the Interests of George Guest met with r< " your approbation. Whenever he returns to this Settlement, he will of course be furnished with regular documents from your Excellency respecting any Exchange of Lands here for his House at Norfolk Island, without which no steps whatever shall be taken towards it. I have understood that he meant to place his Family on his Farms and be himself employed on a small Vessel trading between the two Settlements. His Letter to your Excel­ lency is returned herewith. I have been for a considerable time past issuing Salted Pork, issue of inferior that, under no other Circumstances than those in which I unfor- sa por<- tunately found myself, would have been received into His Majesty's Stores, or considered as possible to be eaten; at the same time, I have been unwilling to hold a Survey on it, well knowing that nearly the whole of it would be condemned. It has, however, become absolutely necessary, and the arrival of Lieu­ tenant Oxley has enabled me to have the whole carefully in­ spected and surveyed. The report of the Survey is enclosed, by survey and d e mnatlon which (and a Cask of Heads and Feet sent herewith) it will be ^ 0 r very evident to your Excellency that the Commandant at Nor­ folk Island must have been grossly imposed upon by those, whose duty it was to have sold him good Meat. It is necessary for me to mention that generally we have found, on opening the Casks, a few pieces of good Meat at either end, while the middle has been composed of peices that ought to have been destroyed. I have abstained, as long as it was in my Power, from encreasing the Expences of the Colony in the Article of Food, by not

* Note 178. 358 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1S06. directing Kangooroo to be received in the Public Stores; but, 20 April. from the state of the Salted Meat remaining as reported by the Proposed Surveyors, I consider it imprudent any longer to postpone avail­ issue of ing myself of the exertions of Individuals, which, however, will kangaroo meat. be rendered unnecessary by the arrival of the long expected Supplies from England. I hope that I shall be able to procure some assistance from Whalers, who may resort hither thi;: season, and I shall think it my duty not to lose any opportunity that may better our ration, which I can assure your Excellency Effect of want is very far from being what it ought. I need not remark how of provisions. requisite good and wholesome Food is to the Labouring Man, nor in particular how little Labour is to be obtained from the description of People, who compose that Class in these Settle­ ments, when they are not well supplied with Food. Infant Colonies especially ought not, among their other difficulties, to have want to struggle with, for nothing can more effectually retard their Progress or contribute to keep-them longer depen­ dent on the Parent State. It might have been expected that we should have been unhealthy under these circumstances, but I am happy to have it to say that we have but Persons this day under Medical Treatment; and in this indeed we are the more fortunate, as our Stock of Medicines is so inconsiderable. Being now mostly without Blankets or Rugs, I know not how they may get through the Winter; but I trust that my repeated application for these articles, so essentially requisite in this Latitude, will be attended to by Government. Spirits for I have to return your Excellency my thanks for your attention military. to the wants of the Military, serving under my command, with respect to the arrears of Spirits due to them to complete what was deficient of the Term of two Years after their landing, the Period promised for their receiving that Indulgence. I perhaps might have mentioned this circumstance to your Excellency, had I not written Home in the Letters, which went by the Lady Bar­ low, for a Quantity to be sent out to make good the deficiency upon that supplied by the Victualling Office, when we sailed from England (very nearly Eight Hundred Gallons). I had appropriated a part of the Spirits, which I purchased from the Myrtle, to their use; by some means or other it was broken in upon, and, when we ceased issuing, there were three Months and nineteen days then to come to complete the promised Term of two years, which will now be effected. Spirits for I should have been gratified if your Excellency had sent down general use. a Quantity for General use; by judiciously distributing of which, our other Deficiencies might not possibly be so sensibly felt during the Season of Winter, which is now commencing. COLLINS TO KING. 359

Two Women, Elizabeth Ward and Elinor Walsh, have obtained 1806. my permission to return to Sydney by the Estremina, Lieut. * pn' Oxley consenting to furnish them with a Passage. It is now Female expirees -«r 1 • 1 i iii ii- sent to Sydney. some Months since they assured me they had served their respec­ tive Periods of Transportation, and it may be in your Excel­ lency's recollection that I have more than once applied for the Sentences of the Different Prisoners, Male and Female, who had been received into this Government from Sydney, and, in my last Letters by the Sophia, I sent a List of their Names, with the names of the Ships from which they were severally landed at Port Jackson, as had been required by your Excellency. I do not imagine that these Women have invented a Falsehood to get away from the Settlement, as they must be certain of its being detected on their arrival at Sydney; and, as I do not wish to Request for keep any one against their will, over whose Persons I have no sentence! legal right, I could wash that none were sent hither without an accompanying Certificate from the Secretary of the Time they may have to serve, and of their being sent with your Excellency's knowledge. A Female has arrived here under the Protection of Servants Lieut. Johnson, but I have not received any Intimation of this jf ^f Johnson. circumstance from your Excellency; and that Officer also brought with him from Port Dalrymple a Convict of the name of William Russell as his Servant. He is a Man, I understand, of bad Char­ acter; but it is supposed that, by being separated from his con­ nections in that Settlement, he may behave better here. I have assured Lieut. Johnson that, if he does not, I shall send him away. The Day after his arrival, Lt. Johnson informed me that he Exchange of had obtained your Excellency's Permission to turn into the ,jh MP Johnson. Government Flock at Sydney twelve Ewe Sheep, his Property, for which he was to receive twelve Ewe Sheep from those be­ longing to Government here, provided I did not object to such exchange. I have consented to if, as the measure came recom­ mended with your approbation; but I had much rather that he had introduced a good Breed of Sheep into the Settlement, which now gains nothing by the Exchange. Lieut. Oxley having informed me that the Vessel under his Provision command was rather distressed for Provisions, and that every schooner saving of his Salted Meat, he could make while in Port, would Estremina. prolong the time it would last, I directed his being supplied with Kangooroo during his stay, andfive Hundre d weight of Wheaten Bread baked into Biscuit to 'take with him to sea. A List of a few Articles supplied to the Vessel from the King's Stores is enclosed. 360 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. I think it necessary to inform your Excellency that the Claims 20jVprii. 0£-j£ vMountgarre t for his Houses and Wheat, grown at Risdon Settlement of Cove, have been settled by his receiving, through the hands of a^itedracove. an Agent properly authorized by him, Colonial Notes to the amount of £99 Sterling for the Houses, and £17 15s. for Thirty five and a Half Bushels of Wheat, which had been received into His Majesty's Stores at Ten Shillings Per Bushel. I have also settled the claims of Corporal Wexted for his House, and of Aaron Birt (Settler) for the Wheat, which he grew at Risdon. Returns Enclosed are the Returns mentioned by your Excellency; and transmitted. j sliari take care tnat another Muster of the Settlers takes place at the time pointed out in the Forms, which you sent me. Explanations Having received a Letter from the Commissary, written by by commissary. or(ier 0f y0Ur Excellency, respecting the Receipt given by Mr. Fosbrook to Captain Forrest for the Maize, landed in Cob from the Sydney, I directed that Gentleman to give me some explana­ tion of the circumstance complained of by Mr. Palmer, when he wrote me the Letter, of which the enclosed is a Copy, and which I hope will prove satisfactory to your Excellency. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.]

SURVEV OF SALT PORK. [A copy of this report will be found on page 758, volume V, series I.] [Additional Enclosures.] [Copies of these papers are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship Ocean.) Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, 17 June. My Lord, 17th June, 1806. Necessity for An opportunity shortly opening of communicating with direct supplies your Lordship, I think it my duty humbly to submit to your from England. Lordship the necessity of my being Supplied with provisions and cloathing direct from England, and not to be left dependent for those Articles upon Port Jackson. His Excellency Governor King, with every anxious wish to provide to the utmost of his ability for our Support, when he found that care was left to him, has from time to time sent hither such Supplies of Pro­ visions (clothing was wholly out of his power) as his resources afforded; but I am concerned to state that although the quantity may have been Sufficient, yet the quality has been such as to COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 361 render the greatest part of it inadequate; and, after it has been iso6. condemned by Survey, as unfit to eat, such has been my situation 1' June- that I have been compelled, though very reluctantly, to issue a part of it to the people. The Country itself has, fortunately for us, enabled me to find some substitute which I could issue in lieu of the damaged meat, and without, which we must (after killing our Stock) have been driven to the greatest want. By gj^ ^ receiving the Flesh of Kangaroo and Emu into the Public Stores, cmfmeat. and issuing it as a ration (2 lbs. of thefirst mea t for 1 lb. of Salted), from such, as having proper dogs which were enabled to hunt and kill them, I have hitherto had it in my power to furnish the Settlement with a Small weekly Supply of fresh Animal Food. Some expense has been unavoidably incurred to allow me to accomplish this end, but your Lordship may be assured I have adopted the most economical means that were within my reach. In the article of Grain we have Suffered Grain^ much, for, after the expenditure of the Flour which came outsup p les' with us (than the which none could be better), we have mostly lived upon such supplies as could be obtained from Port Jackson, or Norfolk Island, which have been far inferior to what we formerly enjoyed, and which have never been Sufficient either in quantity or quality to allow me to issue the full ration as s es directed by the Treasury. A great loss has been sustained on ^ r j£eat each of the Articles of Flour, Wheat and Maize, received from and'mlize* the above places. The flour which came from Norfolk Island,_ being packed in cases made of Green Pine and wetted in the passage from the shore to the Ship, sustained a loss of eighty pounds in ... . pounds. The wheat was light and half destroyed by the weevil; and much of the maize was musty and nearly unfit to issue but to the Stock. Of this latter article, however, I have issued the last bushel, the others being also expended, and all my dependence now is upon a small quantity of wheat and barley which I grew the last Season at Newtown, where I have estab­ lished the Government Farm. I have for thesefive weeks past been in anxious expectation of Expectation of the arrival of a Vessel from Sydney with a Small quantity of Sydney. Flour and Barley meal; but the weather has of late been so tem­ pestuous that I fear some accident has happened to her. I received the information of this intended Supply by a Whaler from Port Jackson that brought me some Salted Pork, and a part of the Articles conveyed to my care by the Ship William Pitt. This lead me to observe to your Lordship that the William Advantage of Pitt and all other ships proceeding to Sydney by the way of the thePDe°rwent." South Cape of New Holland must pass this port, where, if they 362 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. were directed to touch, they might deliver such people, Pro­ 17 June. visions and Stores, as might be intended for this Settlement, and where they would meet with such refreshment, as coming from so long a voyage they might stand in need. It may perhaps be Whaling. unknown to your Lordship that, in this Season of the year, this River and the adjoining Bays abound with the Black Whale, on which Fishery there are at present three Ships employed in our Harbour. From these, as they have only put in here from an unsuccessful voyage on other coasts (the ship from Port Jackson excepted), I have not been able to procure any Supplies of Pro­ Suggested visions; but, my Lord, might not Provisions, Stores and People shipment be sent to me direct from England by such Whalers as might of stores by whalers. be designed by their owners tofish i n this part of New Holland? In the month of September last, a ship belonging to the House of Enderby arrived in Adventure Bay after a very short passage from England, the Master of which came up in his Boat, and I then found that I had to regret the loss of So favourable an opportunity of receiving Supplies. As some Iron and other Articles, which were included in a demand made by me, dated the 4th of March, 1804, and forwarded in His Majesty's Ship Cal­ cutta, were received at Sydney by the William Pitt, I am induced Supplies to hope that the other Ships, which were daily expected there expected. in April last, may contain the Supplies of every kind which I Delay in so anxiously look for. But, my Lord, several months may elapse reshipments before they can be sent me from Sydney, as the Governor has in from Sydney. general none but small Vessels that he could employ to bring them down, and, having other Settlements to Supply, we cannot have or expect more than our share of his attention in this Effects on the respect. The most painful part of these Disappointments and settlement. Delays, and the necessity that has existed for victualling the People upon more than merely a reduced ration, is the Impedi­ ment thrown thereby on the Public Labour, and the Temptation that is furnished to the evil disposed to rob and plunder what­ ever they can lay their hands on; of which description, there are in this Settlement too many who are ever lying in wait to exer­ cise their Industry, particularly in Seasons of distress. Difficulties From the hour of my landing here, it has been my wish to experienced by fulfil the duties of the important trust with which His Majesty D. Collins. has been pleased to Honor me; but, my Lord, I have had to encounter difficulties that could not have been in the contem­ plation of the noble Lord under whose auspices the Settlement was established, since I had his assurance that my numbers should be increased and my wants regularly attended to; nor could I have supposed it possible that I should, after having been three years and upwards from England, have been so COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 363 totally unnoticed.* I have been two years and four months in isoe. this Settlement, which from its local advantages of Soil and *' June- Situation I then confidently hoped would in a few years have Progress of rivalled the principal Establishment. That hope is, however, rtta^ded" now thrown at a Greater distance, and, without our numbers are increased and better food supplied to the Inhabitants, can never be realiz'd. The number of whole rations which have been issued Average from the Public Stores since our Landing has fluctuated between "atTonYissued four hundred and twenty two and four hundred and ten; we issue at present four hundred and sixteen, taking the women and children, who are on shorter rations than the'men, and adding them together as making in the whole so many full rations. The total number of persons Victualled in the Colony amounts Number of to four hundred and Sixtyfive, fro m which are to be deducted victualled. the Civil and Military Officers, the Military Serving in the Colony, Several Settlers and their families, servants both belong­ ing to the Public and employed by Individuals, and the women and children, leaving but one hundred and Sixty five for Public Number Labour. When it is considered that among these there are several pUbiicYaVo°ur. useless hands, men too old and boys too young for hard work, and that the whole for upwards of twelve months have been Scantily and badly fed, and are now nearly entirely destitute of clothing, it cannot be expected that much labor can be obtained from them. I have nevertheless been able to prepare fifty acres for sowing with wheat this Season, the which I much fear I shall not accomplish, being obliged to issue as a ration Seed wheat part- of the wheat intended for seed. But should any Supplies 'aTJons^ arrive, of which I am in hourly expectation, I shall then sow what yet remains, about Twenty five acres. Suffer me now, my Lord, to represent that we ought not, for Twelvemonths' some time to come, to be without twelve months' provisions and snpply re(i"il'ed- Cloathing before hand in. our Stores. With that certainty we should proceed with Spirit and effect in our Several labours, and the Settlement would consequently advance rapidly in the culti­ vation and growth of those Articles, which are necessary for its Support. I have the Satisfaction of observing that every description of increase of Stock thrives well in this Climate and are increasing fast. live stoek- Some sheep, that I received in November last from Norfolk Island, atfirst felt the change of Situation, and Several died, but the remainder are now inured to the difference, and, being sheltered at night in a warm pen, will become a Valuable addition to my former stock of Sheep. The adjacent country abounds with fine grazing land, that is well clothed with different kinds of grasses. * Note 146. 364 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. In the last letters which I received from Governor King, he 17 June acquainted me of the failure of a quantity of Seed wheat, which on his application for a change of Seed had been sent out in the William Pitt. Upon its being landed it was found to have been heated in the passage, and not a grain would vegetate. Some Request for English wheat would be of extreme utility here, and if your English seed. Lordship should be disposed to send us any, I could wish some grass seeds might be sent at the same time. If directions were given for the grain to be packed in casks, well coopered, which were to be kept at hand in the Ship, and got upon Deck three or four times to air in dry weather during the Voyage, there can be little doubt of its arriving in a state of perfection. I am truly concerned, my Lord, to have been compelled to commence my correspondence with your Lordship with a detail of disappointments, or with anything like the language of Com­ Desire to plaint; but I trust your Lordship will allow for my situation. I receive sailed from England in the Month of April, 1803, entrusted with approbation of settlement. the Establishment of a Settlement at Port Phillip, a place that it - must have been long since known by Government was in­ eligible for the purpose. By His Majesty's Ship Calcutta, I transmitted to my Lord Hobart my reasons for removing to this part of Van Dieman's Land, and hoped to have been honoured with his Lordship's approbation of my conduct; but to this hour, my Lord, am wholly destitute of information* upon a point in which I am so deeply interested. I am the more distressed at this Silence, as I conceive, had my removal hither been approved, I should ere this have receivec] Supplies of People, Stores, and Provisions. Having in former letters, which I hear have been received, pointed out the manifest advantages of my present Situation, I shall not trouble, your Lordship with a recapitu­ lation of them, but will only assure your Lordship that in the choice I made I have only to regret the not having been hon­ oured with that approbation I have always endeavoured to merit. Return of This Dispatch will be delivered to your Lordship by Captain W. Sladden Sladden of the Royal Marines, who, in obedience to a commandf to England. from the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, is proceeding to join the Division, in which he has been promoted to a Company. This Officer having been in the Settlement from its formation is perfectly qualified to furnish your Lordship with every in­ formation you may require; and to him I beg leave to refer for the knowledge of such particulars, as may occur to your Lordship, and which may have been omitted by me. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

Note 146. • Note 179. COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 365

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. tso6, 25 June. (Despatch per ship Ocean.) Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 25th June, 1806. I have the Honor of reporting to your Lordship the Arrival Arrival of here, on the 14th of May, of Mr. Samuel Bate* the Deputy Judge s' Bate' Advocate of this Settlement, who informed me that he had been appointed to that Office in the room of Mr. Barbauld. The arrival of this Officer had long been anxiously expected Anticipations by me, as I hoped the administration of Public Justice and the judge-advocate. Infliction of Capital punishment, where necessary, would follow his appearance, and that the Commission of Crimes, which the peculiar Circumstances of the Settlement have rendered fre­ quent, would thereby have received an effectual check; but to my extreme regret, I learned from himself that he was wholly want of civil unprovided with the Authority! from Parliament necessary to pou^s™1""1 constitute a Court of Criminal or Civil Judicature, as, through Tasmania. want of time, he had not even been Sworn in as a Magistrate at Port Jackson; in order that he might not be wholly useless, I put him in orders as such, and twice in the week he meets the other Magistrates; but, as it must be well known to your Lord­ ship that their Authority cannot extend beyond the infliction of corporal punishment, I shall hope you will, as Speedily as cir­ cumstances will allow, cause the necessary measures to be taken for establishing the requisite Courts of Law within this Settle­ ment, and thereby complete the appointment of the Deputy Judge Advocate. It is certain that for capital Offences I could have recourse Difficulty to the Criminal Court at Port Jackson; but, not having any p"^^ Vessel here under my immediate command, in which the Prisoner for trial to and Evidence necessary to prosecute could be sent and brought '" back, and other opportunities but seldom occuring, to avoid the delay that must unavoidably ensue, I have hitherto preferred inflicting Such corporal punishment as a Bench of Magistrates were competent to adjudge. Should any very atrocious crime have been committed that peculiarly called for exemplary arid capital punishment, I should not have hesitated in Sending the offender to Port Jackson notwithstanding all its inconveniences; but it is from prompt Execution alone that any salutary amend­ ment in the conduct of the generality of the People, who are Selected to compose these remote Settlements, can be expected. As it is my wish that the Criminal and Civil Justice of the Settlement should be administered as nearly conformable to the Law and Practice of its Courts in England, as circumstances

* Note 82. f Note 186. 366 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. will admit, I should hope that Mr. Bate will be found perfectly 25 June. competent to the discharge of the various Duties of his respect­ able Office, whenever he shall be called upon to fulfil them. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.'

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.)

26 July. Sir, Sydney, 26th July, 1806. At the time when I was anxiously expecting the return of the Venus Brig with accounts from You, I had the Mortifi­ Seizure of brig cation to find by the Governor Hunter's return that the Venus Venus and loss had been Seized by the Mate and some other disaffected Char­ of provisions. acters on board, and taken from Port Dalrymple on the 16th June, where she had arrived the Evening before, having stopped at that Place on her Way to Hobart Town, for which Settle­ ment she had on board the provisions stated in the Enclosure,* Also the Letter of which the enclosed is a Duplicate; And, al­ though it is certain that the Pirates differed very much between themselves before they seized the Vessel, Yet any hope of her being recovered, or the important Cargo She contained1, are equally improbable. Shipment of Knowing how straitened You must be for Provisions, particu­ provisions larly Grain, and although the present great Scarcity (not to say per schooner Governor the Dearth of Grain) does not admit of sending You any thing Hunter. like a sufficiency, Yet I hope what I do sendf will be of Service. At our present Ration of 4 lbs. of Flour or Meal a week, We shall be out of Grain for those victualled from the Stores in the beginning of October if not sooner, as our few remaining Stacks yield very short of the Estimation. And sorry I am to say that such has been the Effects of our late All devouring Flood, that many hundreds have not had a bit of Bread these two Months past; and what is peculiarly distressing is that the present Season of the Year is by no Means favorable to the produce of the Garden. Refitting The few Carpenters, we have, have been employed night and of schooner Governor day since the Governor Hunter's Arrival in Sheathing and Hunter. coppering that Vessel andfitting her, which from the Scarcity of Naval Stores has been accomplished with difficulty. As she Sails this day, I trust the Winds and Weather will enable her

* Marginal note-—Salt Pork, 11,184 Lbs. ; Flour and Meal, 5.674 lbs. t Marginal note.—S.400 Lbs. Salt Pork; 8,400 lbs. Beef; 7,357 lbs. Meal; 144 Bushs. Alaize. KING TO COLLINS. 367 to reach your Port in a few days, And that no Accident may isoe. happen to retard her Voyage I have lent Lieutenant Symons and 26 Jul-V- the Lady Nelson's Crew to navigate her. The Fortune arrived here the 12th Inst, with 262 Male Con- Arrival of victs and some Salt Meat. The Gazettes will inform You of the at'sydney!" time Governor Bligh in the Sinclair, Porpoise, Elizabeth, Alex­ ander, and Fortune, left England, and their further Progress, So that I am daily looking out for their Arrival. Captain Moor Expected informs me that it was Governor Bligh's intention to pay You a "n^] jf_ Visit on his Way, And that the Ship he is in (the Sinclair) has a quantity of dry as well as wet Provisions, which leads me to hope that Ship's Cargo is destined for You and Port Dal­ rymple. In Case Governor Bligh is with You or may arrive, I request You will communicate my Public Correspondence to him. r ts f I have a great Pleasure in saying that notwithstanding the ^ °?P^ r° devastation occasioned by the Flood to the Settlers at Hawkes- as bury, Still great exertions have been made in cropping their Grounds with Wheat which has a present favorable Appear­ ance. In Addition to the information I gave You in mine of the Supplies to be 6th April last, respecting the Measures I had taken to procure £X"red from Supplies of Grain from India, As Lieutenant Oxley, who I meant to command the Sophia, did not return here until it was too late to send that Vessel, I commissioned Captain Forrest to send any Vessel he might be able to charter at Beneoolen to bring Supplies from thence, Stopping first at Your Settlement. Therefore, I think it is probable that two Months may not elapse before We get some Supplies; But that is an Event not to be depended on, altho' I hope there can be little doubt of the Exi­ gences of the ensuing Year being provided for by a good Harvest and the Sydney's return. Therefore We must for some Months exercise much Patience and Privation. Of Salt Meat, I send Toil as much as the Vessel can Store.* Some of the Convicts lately arrived by the Fortune should also have been sent; but reflecting on Your present Means of Supporting them and the Room they would take up in the Estremina, which would prevent. the Supplies going, has prevented my sending any of them. By stores received

the William" Pitt, some Articles arrived for your Settlement, ^[n*^ Pitt Viz. ten tons of Iron, Three tons were sent by the King George, Four ton goes now; The remainder I have given the Commissary an Order to Account with You for by returning it in kind. Of Steel, 2,240 lbs. were received, 112 Lbs. were sent by the King George, and the remainder goes by this Conveyance with the other Articles received by that Ship.

* Marginal note.—50 Tierces. 368 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. Not having had any communication from the Secretary of 26 July. State by the Fortune, Of course I have nothing to communicate to You from that Quarter. Freight of ship I request You will be very particular in- transmitting me the King George. King George's Receipts for the Empty Casks furnished that Vessel for Remuneration for the Freight she took You in April last, which I hope is arrived Safe. Referring to Your Letter dated 20th April last, which I re­ ceived by the Estremina on the 2nd May, and replying thereto No medicines in the Order of Your Paragraphs, I am sorry to say that no available. Medicines are arrived for You, and indeed a very Scanty Supply for these Settlements. A Jar of Bark is sent. Complaint re Inclosed, I transmit a Copy of my Letter to Captn. Piper on salt meat from the Subject of the Salt Meat You so justly complained of; there Norfolk island. has been no Opportunity since then of receiving his Answer, which shall be communicated to You. Exchange of Lieutenant Johnston when here requested that, as he could sheep by not take some Sheep he had purchased in the Estremina, I would J. M. Johnson. allow him to put them into the Government Herd here, if he could be permitted to draw an equivalent in kind from the Government Flock at Hobart Town; to this I had no Objection provided it met with Your Approbation, on which alone my Consent depended. At Your desire no similar transfers shall take place. H.M.S. Buffalo I am sorry that the Buffalo's want of Cables prevents my unfit for sea. sending that ship to Sea with Safety; Otherwise I should have sent some Stock and particularly the Horses. That Measure I shall recommend to my Successor on his taking the Command. R. Stewart to As it appears Stewart's Crime* of Seizing the Boat is of that stand his trial. enormity as to require his being tried criminally, he has ever since remained in Jail, until he can be brought to Trial. That cannot be done until Henry Hacking comes to this place, which I request may be by thefirst Conveyance. In Consequence of Sailors the Loss of the Venus and the Mutinous Conduct of some of the punished for Governor Hunter's Crew on the last leaving this place and mutinous conduct. during her absence, the facts being proved before a Bench of Magistrates, they were fined a certain Period of hard Labour (they being free men) and a corporal Punishment, which was inflicted with every Solemnity the Crime so justly merited and the Example required, and I have no doubt of its having a great Effect. Should You have received Supplies from England, in that Case I request that the Estremina's Cargo may be returned, as it will be of great Consequence to possess that Supply which the

4 Note 164. COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 369 present Necessities of this Settlement can so ill spare. But 1806. should Your necessities require its being landed, I have directed 26 July' Lieutenant Symons to lose no time in unloa'ding and returning instructions here; and as has applied to me for allowing the Estremina. Estremina to bring up a quantity of Oil, which he has at the Derwent, I have given Lieutenant Symons directions to receive it on board, And for which Lord is to pay the Freight in Oil into His Majesty's Stores at this place. I have, kc, PHILIP GIDLEY KING. [Enclosure.] [A copy of the letter to captain Piper, dated 9th May, 1806, will be found on page 757, volume V, series I.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship Ocean.) Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 2nd August, 1806. 2 Aug. Upwards of a month having elapsed Since the date of myfirst letter to your Lordship (sent herewith), and the Ship Ocean Sailing to-morrow for England, I have the Honor to acquaint your Lordship that no vessel has arrived either from Sydney or England within that period; consequently our Situa­ tion is not in the least improved. I will not trouble your Lord- Dearth of ship with a formal return of the remains of Provisions in His ["store"13 Majesty's Stores, as they are literally next to none. Fortunately our Supply of Kangaroo was abundant as I could wish, but our grain is nearly expended. I have not been able to procure any Provisions from the Ships in the River on the Public Account; but the Officers in general have purchased a Small quantity of biscuit from them, which will be some assistance to them, and their Servants will benefit thereby; but the majority of the Bread wanted

People will very severely feel the want of bread, if no supply weeks. should arrive within a fortnight or three weeks at the furthest. In this Exigence, I have thought it my Duty to write to the Appeal to Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Forces at the Cape of the Cape for Good Hope, stating the Situation of the Colony in point of assistance. Provisions, and requesting him to adopt means for furnishing us with Such a Supply as can be procured at that Settlement, which measure, I am certain your Lordship would approve, could you but know my anxiety upon this essential point. It is truly painful to me to see myself placed in one of thefirst situations for a colony in every respect, climate favourable to agriculture,

SEE. III. VOL. 1—2 A 370 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. and the local Situation equally favourable to commerce, yet 2 Aug. deprived of the means of availing myself of these advantages. I Local need only adduce in proof of the excellence of the Climate, that advantages we have not lost a life by disease since the 13th of last November, of colony. and I do not think we should have a man ill, had we a full Ration to issue. I trust when your* Lordship is possessed of these circumstances, that you will cause such steps to be taken as will prevent the colony from again Struggling with the difficulties, with which it has at present to contend. Requisitions I have the Honor to enclose a demand for clothing, provisions and returns and Stores, which I hope may be provided in Sufficient quantity transmitted. for two years for the numbers that are at this time under my command, and which will be seen by the enclosed Quarterly Return or Statement of the Inhabitants, and return of male and female Prisoners, made up to the 30th of last June. I likewise enclose a copy of the return of the Public Stock at that time, together with an application from the Surgeon for medicines and Hospital stores. Directions for In a former letter I transmitted Some directions for entering ships entering this River; but a further knowledge of it having enabled me to the Derwent. combine more extensive Information of the adjacent Bays, I have the Honor to enclose a Paper which may be found very Service­ able to the Masters of any Ships bound here direct from Eng­ land. In the ensuing Summer I purpose making an accurate Survey of Frederick Henry Bay and Storm Bay Passage; but any ship following the directions contained in the above men­ tioned paper cannot go wrong. I owe these observations to a Mr. Collins,* a Gentleman who I formerly recommended for the appointment of Harbour Master for the River. Departure of I think it necessary to inform your Lordship that Mrs. S. Mrs. S. Bate and Bate, the wife of the Judge Advocate lately arrived, and Ann A. Faulkner. Faulkner, who accompanied her husband from England in the Calcutta, returns thither by this Conveyance. W. Sladden When I wrote the letters to your Lordship of the 17th of to sail in June, I was in expectation that Captain Sladden would have ship Carlton. embarked for England in this Ship; but, the Master of the Carlton offering to take him and his family at less expence to Government, he will proceed in her. This I hope will make little or no difference in the time of that Officer's arriving in England, as I think it very probable that both ships will meet at St. Helena. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.] [A copy of this requisition is not available.]

* Note 22. COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH.

•ps^iBqosio; CO •paraxuipv o . o .2 9 •sweaa •sqiJia +J oc •spooAV aq? ui !)U98qy a 1-1 3 a •un-ff & c •A"UOIOQ 3q} ui laqiunjj WI 0 £ •sajo'^s aq!)raojj psrpmtoiA . jaqurafl m r« rd lo t* o •J3{(JBnO auo a t •([•BH 3«0 o> fl fl •sp-nqj, o*i CO

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1806. oj •siu3u.i3niag ifloq ni p^oidraa IBJOX 00 2 Aug. 00 r> 0, Quarterly 'uauioM •U3UI0A1 s* u return of s •0}3 'jpig «« 1* j •SaUBAJSg employment. o -5 - i 7J SJU3OlX0[dlUa 6UOUBA CD 0}3 'sj3p[ina creog CD •sSnrpiing Hi CN 1 CC K •£> 1 O TJ •jfooig put sjnjinouJciv lg tora | o •2 •ei3Rl3g " °3 Ig fl 5 •*»uvmyi LH SJJJO p.aimoo-uofj " « - | eo -era |oo (5 > 'SJ33SJ3AO pUB B)> •re^ldsojj •Sptrawy € • 1 lO o co -* | © •qa)«A\ n^iS. •3. s °U«a UA10X a : : 1 : U3pj^9 (CDUJ3A09 CO ; j CD +3 a "S.tt9J0 siBog O • IO r—1 ® so LO • 1 lO M cc-1o 3 '0%9 '63ja»g oqqnj _o •Rjnrj 'CJAOf) JO 3JBQ •* • | -* n » fl °C "8J33(BCn3J0Ug i£ • j o

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OS •+-> G B •"J 3 D O S COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 373

[Enclosure No. 4.] 1806. 2 Aug. WEEKLY STATE of Government Stock, Hobart Town, ete. Eeturn of From the 21st to the 28th of June, 1806, both inclusive. live stock.

Cattle. Horses. Sheep. Swine.

en CO Places where ea in in CO C Remarks. kept. CD cu CC ft •f > "3 •}i 1as bt X M . CU a. CQ 3 3 o O S QJ O 5 ffl CO ca OS CQ 1 42 .1 2 5 38 10 3 38 1 3

Govern't Farm at 1 7 54 47 38 5 1 5 12 89 8 23 New Town ...... j

Total of Increase.. 8 96 18 40 5 1 5 17 127 18 3 61 1 3 ~ - - 1

Do for Gov. House Issued to Settlers.... 3

Total decrease 3 1

Total remains 8 93 48 40 5 1 5 17 126 18 3 61 1 3

Alterations since last Eeturn. DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Govr.

[Enclosure No. 5.]

SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR ENTERING THE DERWENT RIVER. FOR Ships intending to enter the River Derwent,.commencing sailing f r in the N.W. part of Storm Bay, coming either from the Eastward ^^j^h ° or Westward, there are two ways, the one through Storm Bay, Derwent river. the other through Storm Bay Passage. For the first of these, Betsy's Island will be the most conspicuous object to Steer for (it appearing like an oblong high hill situated on the front low land in the middle of the bottom parts of the Bay) until a 374 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. rather low point, with a small Island or rock off it, appears to 2 Aug. the west of it, which with a bluff point to the westward forms the Sailing entrance to the River Derwent; and another one South of the directions for entering the Bluff, and on the north-end of the Isle De Brune forms the Derwent river. entrance of Storm Bay Passage from the River Derwent on the Northward. In proceeding up or through Storm Bay, it is to be recommended to keep the western shore close on board, as the prevailing winds are chiefly from the W.N.W. to W.S.W., and, as a ship draws in, generally veer more from the northward, mostly blowing fresh, with sudden heavy gusts, against which every ship cannot be too guarded. Another way to the entrance to the Derwent is through Storm Bay Passage, formed by the Island of Brune lying between it and Storm Bay. From the North end of this Passage you enter immediately into the River Derwent, it appearing to the left taking a N.W. direction, Storm Bay appearing to the right. For ships coming from the Westward, it is to be recommended from the prevailing winds to make this Passage, and after passing the South Cape to keep that shore well on board, 'till you are shut in with Tasman's Head (which is the south point of Isle de Brune or William Pitt's Island), where you have smooth water and can come to safe anchorage without fear of being blown to Sea again (which is not the case in Storm Bay, it not being safe to come too in any part of it, being open and exposed to the sudden heavy winds and Seas of this country). The whole of this Passage affords good anchorage from 5 to 20 Fathoms. A little past the River Huon, on the left hand shore, there is a low Sandy Point with a Spitt off it, but easily seen from aloft, which is the only thing in this Pas­ sage to be guarded against and even there anything like a Middle Passage is perfectly safe. There are a number of Bays or Bights on both sides this Passage, which are not to be re­ garded ; an opening to the Eastward presenting an Island before it (which is Betsy's Island) is the end of the Passage, and on the left hand as before said the entrance of the River Derwent, from which the Settlement is about 15 miles upon the left hand Shore in Lat. 42° 52'. The Channel thereto is bold and good in every direction, the Soundings regular from 14 to 20 Fathoms. When abreast of Ralph's Bay on the right hand Shore the Settlement will be in Sight being N.W. i N. Ships, making the Passage through Storm Bay, with a head wind blowing hard, and there appearing no probability of getting well in the River Derwent before night, would do well to get into Adventure Bay, if possible, as frequently, from the heavy winds of this place, ships lying too during a night may be drawn so far KING TO COLLINS. 375 to sea, as not to be able to regain their ground in a number of 1806. days, gales frequently continuing for more than a week. It is ^?' m, formed on the western shore of Storm Bay nearly in the middle !? j!j?f of the Isle De Brune, by two Capes, that to the Northward named entering the Cape Frederic Henry, that to the Southward named Fluted Cape, u«went rm which has a small Island off it named Penguin Island, and bears about W.S.W. from Cape Pillar, the S.E. extremity of Yan Dieman's Land. The Bay bights in to the westward and affords a good Safe anchorage, land-locked on the Southern extremity of it. The best anchorage is at the termination of the Sandy Beach to the Southward close in shore in about 10 fathoms water. In the event of Ships from Stress of weather not being able to embrace the advantage Adventure Bay offers, after giving up the idea of getting into the River Derwent, they can find good anchorage and shelter in Frederic Henry Bay, which enters from the So. part of Storm Bay. Ships bearing away for this place must have Betsy's Island to the left, the Channel not being good between it and the Mainland, and Steer to the North'd in any part of the Channel, until the Bay opens out to the Eastward; then keep more away in that direction, until the passage of an Island (Sloping Island) on the right hand opens itself; haul under it, and the ship is in smooth water and perfectly safe. In proceeding up this Bay, as also Storm Bay Passage, the lead should be kept going, not being as yet accurately examined, par­ ticularly the latter; the Islands in it should not be too nearly approached, but a mid channel nearly kept; not that any danger is known, 5 fathoms being the shallowest water yet found, ex­ ceeding a cable's length from the Shore, and there is every reason to believe there is more. The Tides in the River Derwent and Bays adjacent are very uncertain, the rise and fall of water being chiefly actuated by the Winds on the out side; during the time the wind blows from the N.W. to S.W. there is chiefly high water, From the N.E. to the S.E. chiefly low water. Frequently the Stream runs one way in the River Derwent for weeks together, and generally outwards, consequently no certain account of the Tides can be specified.

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship King George; acknowledged by lieutenant- governor Collins, 18th October, 1806.) 13th August, 1806. 13 Aug. [A copy of this despatch is not available.] 376 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. 31 Aug. (Despatch per ship Carlton.) Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 31st August, 1806. In the accompanying Letters I have endeavoured to give your Lordship an exact State of His Majesty's Settlement in this part of New Holland up to the Instant, to which I have Arrival of to add that, on the 5th Instant, the Colonial armed vessel Estre­ schooner Estremina mina arrived from Port Jackson with the Small Supply of Pro­ with stores visions mentioned in the Margin,* and the remainder of the and supplies. Articles (three tons of Iron excepted), which were sent out for the Service of this Colony in the ship William Pitt. I had the mortification to learn from Governor King that a Vessel, the Piratical Venus, which had been despatched by him with provisions for seizure of this Settlement and that under Lieutenant Governor Paterson at sloop Venus with supplies. Port Dalrymple, had been piratically seized by the Crew while in that harbour and carried out to Sea, by which were lost not only the Provisions for each place on the Public Account, but a considerable quantity of Private Comforts that had been Sent on board for the use of Officers and others. I do not so much regret my own individual loss on this occasion, as I do the being compelled to issue the Grain, which her arrival would have enabled me to Sow. When the came in, I had no more than Seventy Six bushels of Wheat in the Public Stores, which have since been got into the ground. Disadvantage 2. This circumstance affords an additional argument to those of receiving supplies from I have already had the Honor of Submitting to your Lordship on Sydney. the disadvantages that must attend the Settlement, if it is left to be Victualled from Port Jackson, and which I hope will be viewed in the same light by your Lordship. Arrival of 3. Governor King further informed me that the Fortune, one ship Fortune of the Ships under Convoy of His Majesty's Ship Porpoise, at Sydney. arrived at Port Jackson on the .... of last, the Master whereof reported to him he had heard Governor Bligh intimate Intention of that it was his intention to pay us a visit on his way to the W. Bligh to northward, and that he understood there was on board the call at the Derwent. Governor's Ship, the Lady Madeline Sinclair, a quantity of Stores and Provisions for this Settlement; but I have reason to believe she has passed the Port and gone to Sydney, as the Master of an American Ship, which came in a few hours after the Estramina, acquainted me he had seen two Ships, answering to the description of the Porpoise and Lady Sinclair about two days' Sail from Port Jackson, whither they appeared directing

• The margin is blank. COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 377 their course. I have, therefore, given up all expectation of see- iso6. ing the Governor, but trust that the Supplies she may have on 31 Ans- board may very soon arrive. 4. I think it necessary to acquaint your Lordship with the Arrival of . . „ ., . . . ship Criterion. following circumstances respecting the Criterion, American Ship, that, as I have before stated, arrived here a few hours after the Estramina. I understood from the Master, Mr. Peter Chace, that, having incurred the displeasure of Governor King by receiving on board him at Sea a British Subject, whom he had expressly forbidden him to ship anywhere to the eastward of Cape Horn, and proceeded with him to Canton, where they laid Refusal to in an extensive cargo of Teas and China goods with which he of3™^n ing returned to Port Jackson; that he would not allow him to land a single article from his ship, not even a trifling present. I discovered that he came in here with a view of disposing of part of her Cargo, which was to find its way back to Port Jackson; but, considering the transaction in the Same light as the Gover­ nor, and conceiving myself equally bound to discourage any clandestine communication with the possessions of the East India Company, as well as the coasts of China, I refused my consent; and, although the Article of Tea was one of those com­ forts of which we had been for some months wholly destitute, I would not permit even the smallest quantity of it to be landed from her, but directed him to quit the Port forthwith, in doing which I hope I shall meet your Lordship's approbation. 5. The Supply of Salted Meat which arrived by the Estramina issue of was not sufficient in quantity to admit of my discontinuing the toi^contimied. receipt of Kangaroo, which I shall however immediately direct on my receiving a more ample Supply. That your Lordship may form an Idea of the great resource this animal has proved to us, I enclose a return stating the whole quantity of Kangaroo, Emu and fresh Pork, which has been received and issued from His Majesty's Victualling Store, and the quantity of Salted meat which has been Saved since the first of January last. To pay for this, the Commissary has issued small Colonial Notes to the Payment different Individuals who have been able to furnish the Supply, commissariat Some of which have been and are still to be consolidated by Bills notes. upon the Treasury. I trust your Lordship will not think the expence too great; for, had I not adopted this mode of victualling the People, they must have starved or have been fed with the Live Stock which is now increasing fast. 6. With these letters, I have the Honor to send copies of the General Orders* issued by me from the 28th of July, 1805, to the 19th of August, 1806. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

* Note 180. 378 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. ' [Enclosure.] 31 Aug- ACCOUNT of Fresh Pork and Kangaroo Issued from out of H.M. Return of issue Stores from 1st Janry. to 31st Augt., 1806. of fresh pork Kangaroo etc, and kangaroo . Fresh Pork, Pounds. meat. Time Received. Pounds January.. 1,190 February 1,246 1,755 March.... 2,177 2,246 April 913 4,396 May 742 13,442 June 1,451 7,380 July 893 14,388 August... 242 5,799 Pork, Pounds Iss'g as 8,856 8,856 24,703 49,406 Saved.. 33,559 lbs. of Salted Meat.

LEONARD FOSBROOK, D'y Commissary.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VlSCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship Carlton.) Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, 2 Sept. My Lord, 2 Septr., 1806. Purchase of I have the Honor to inform your Lordship that I have house and directed the Commissary to Purchase, on account of the Crown, land from W. Sladden. the dwelling house and Allotment* of One hundred Acres of Land, now in the possession of Captain Sladden of the Royal Marines, who is quitting the Settlement and returning to England, paying for the same the Sum of Eight Hundred pounds. The house, which is situated in the vicinity of the Town, is a convenient and comfortable Dwelling, adjacent to which are a Barn, a Sheep Pen, and other Buildings suitable to the Farm, Ten acres of which are in cultivation. Proposed I have leased the Premises to Lieut. Johnson for one year foT foundation Sixty pounds; but my principal view in making the purchase is of school. in applying the house to the purposes of a School for the edu­ cation of the Children belonging to the Colony, for whose main­ tenance a Fund can hereafter be raised by means similar to those adopted for the Orphan Schoolf at Port Jackson; and I should suppose, my Lord, a respectable man and his wife might be sent out in the capacity of Schoolmaster and mistress, who House for dep. might be supported from the produce of the Farm. judge-advocate. Mr. Bate,:): the Deputy Judge Advocate, for whose reception (as his arrival was shortly expected) no house had been erected, moves into that occupie* Note 181d .b y Lieutt Note .182 Johnson. J Not, ewher 82. e he will reside COLLINS TO BLIGH. 379 until I can erect one for him, which cannot be attempted until I 1806. am enabled to issue a full ration of Provisions and receive a 2 ept Supply of People and Cloathing. My orders from the Commissioners of the Admiralty being to Passage money send Captain Sladden to England to forthwith join the Corps, w?siadden. on which he has been promoted, I applied to the Master of the Ocean, a whaler,filling u p here with whale oil, to furnish him and his wife with a passage to England; but, his demand (Three hundred andfifty pounds) appearing to me extravagant, I Spoke to the Master of the Carleton, who agreed to take them for Two hundred and ten pounds, for which Sum I have directed the Commissary to draw on the Honourable the Commissioners for conducting His Majesty's Transport Service. I have the Honor to enclose Valuation of Captain Sladden's Valuation of house and detached Buildings, which was made by the principal w.Usia°dden. Superintendant of the Carpenters, a man perfectly competent to give an opinion on such a point; and I trust, my Lord, that my conduct in this instance will not incur your Lordship's dis­ approbation. I have, &c.,

r_, , , DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.] [A copy of this valuation* is not available.]

GOVERNOR BLIGH TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch No. 1, per ship King George; acknowledged by lieutenant- governor Collins, 18th October, 1806.) 20th September, 1806. 20 Sept. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR BLIGH. (Despatch per ship King George.) Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, Sir, 18th October, 1806. is Oct. I have the honor to acquaint Your Excellency that, the Despatches King George anchoring in the Forenoon of Monday the 6th ac now e ge Instant in some very blowing Weather in Frederick Henry Bay, Lieutenant Henderson sat off under the guidance of Henry Hacking through the Woods, and reached the Settlement about Eleven o'Clock that Night, when he delivered me Tour Excel­ lency's Letter No. 1 of the 20th Ultimo and one from Governor King of the 13th of August; the Instructions and Directions contained in which shall be strictly attended to. The arrival of the Salted Meat has saved us from much dis- shipment of tress, since the small quantity of that Article remaining in the sa Public Stores would have been very speedily consumed owing to a very unforseen though natural cause. I have no doubt but

* Note 181. 380 HISTORICAL RECORDS OE AUSTRALIA. 1806. Your Excellency is in possession of my correspondence with the is Oct. ^ate Governor in Chief, by which you will have been acquainted with the extraordinary means I was compelled to adopt to procure Animal Food for the subsistence of the Inhabitants of issue of the Settlement. It was extremely fortunate for us that the angaroo mea . ]£angaroo was ^0 be f0Und in such abundance as we experienced, for without such an Aid the majority of the People must have been without Food. I had hopes, by striking off the Ration of Salted Meat to the Prisoners, 2 lbs. each Man per week, and issuing to each 12 lbs. of Kangaroo, that I should have been enabled to make the former last for four or five weeks; but, not having Grain to issue after the 20th Ulto., the People, who were impossibility to employed in procuring the Kangaroo, declared their inability to suppiiesUofher I11111* without Bread, and in consequence, on the Saturday pre- kangaroowith- ceding the arrival of the King George, we had not more than 396 lbs. of Kangaroo to issue. This was truly alarming and all its consequences were to be dreaded and expected:—Stagnation of Labour and destruction of Stock. To guard against this latter Military patrol Evil, I established a Military Patrole, consisting of a Serjeant, onto stock." Corporal and Six Privates, which was to apprehend all Prisoners found out of their Huts after dark. I have the satisfaction to report that this measure has been attended with the success I hoped for from it, as not a robbery has since been committed during the Night, and the Stock is therefore safe. With respect to Labour (as I was' sensible they were not so distressed as to be unable to work), I insisted, under the Pain of Punishment if Reduction in they did not, that they should Labour during three Hours in the ourso a our. ^^ ^y w]^cn means j g0t something done; but much is not to be expected until I can issue a Ration of Grain. Past . I am happy to have to state that we continue healthy; but, if and future the Ship with Rice that I expect does not shortly arrive, I fear prospects. tne gjc]j T^^ wjji j^ muCQ increased by our having nothing but Animal Food to live on. We brought out with us as fine Pro­ visions as were ever sent abroad; but since their Expenditure we have but too often felt their loss. My Correspondence with the late Governor will shew to your Excellency the Quality of the Supplies we have received from Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, and I am convinced that he regretted with me their not being better. I however entertain hopes that the Settlement has nearly seen its worst days. We have before us a promising Harvest, which will be gathered in January next; we have expectations of a Cargo of Rice from India; and we rely with full confidence on Your Excellency's attention to our situation. Perceiving in one of the Sydney Gazettes the Ration of Salted Meat which Your Excellency has directed to be issued at Sydney, COLLINS TO BLIGH. 381

I have ordered the Commissary to issue the same quantity here, iso6. with an addition of 7 lbs. of Kangaroo Per Man Per Week, as 18 Oot" the best Equivalent the Stores can furnish in lieu of Flour or Ration of meat. Grain, if I can be so fortunate as to procure a quantity sufficient for that purpose. The Ship King George has been cleared and ballasted within Discharge the time limited by Governor King, and of course has not come King'oeorge. upon Demurrage. The small Government Investment* has been Government received in good condition, and will be disposed of upon the investment. Terms mentioned in the Invoice, the moderate Rate of which will enable the Settlers and others to purchase those comforts at a much cheaper Price than they could otherways obtain them for. I have received by this conveyance Lieutenants Henderson and Military and Breedon with one Private of the Royal Marines; Morgan the Ifiggfg*" Settler; his Son and two Convicts, his Servants; Robert Stewartf George. who had been sent to Port Jackson to be tried for stealing one of the Government Boats, but who I understood by Governor King's Letter was liberated on occasion of Your Excellency's taking the Command; John Maguire, his Wife and four Children; Henry Hacking (the Pilot) with Thomas Williams (Your Excellency's late Steward) who proposes taking some Ground here; "but I think it necessary to acquaint Your Excellency there were three Female Passengers, Anne Smith, Sarah Barker, and Elizabeth Belton, and two Children in this Ship, who were not included in the List sent from the Commissary's Office. That I may be enabled to lay before Your Excellency as full Returns a detail of the state of the Settlement under my Command, I transmitted- have caused a general Muster to be held of the Settlers and Inhabitants and an account taken of their Ground in Cultivation and present Stock, which, with the General Statement and Return of Labour usually sent to Governor King, will I hope furnish Your Excellency with as complete a view of the Estab­ lishment as can be transmitted in writing. In the above Returns will be found an account of the Public Stock, which, being now enured to the Climate, is encreasing fast and demonstrates the excellence of our Grazing Land. Not having received any Stationary from England for the use Request for of my Office, I have to request from Your Excellency such a stationei7- Supply as you can spare me for the Public Service. I have the honor to enclose a Certificate of the King George's Certificate re having been cleared without coming upon Demmurrage, and of George1."8 the Master's not having been charged any Port Fees or Pilotage, as desired by Governor King. I have, kc, DAVID COLLINS.

* Note 183. f Note 164. 382 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA,

1806. [Enclosure 18 Oct. RETURN of the Number of Acres of Land sown with the different Return of dency of His Majesty's Territory of New South Wales, and the agriculture, live stock, ete. Persons by whom the said Lands are held. The Number of Individual in the Cultivation thereof, and the Quantity of Live in the Colony together with the Number of Rations issued daily the same. Number of Acres in Hor

By whom held. *o

43 - . 0^ 5= ii o Z 2 s O "3 * <0z *« o & 2 CQ CU o 2

The Crown 39 10 Do (late Capt. Sladden) 103 100 Lieutenant-Governor Captn. J. M. Johnson 100 Lieut. E. Lord 100 Lieut. Henderson

Civil Officers, vizt. Leonard Fosbrook, Commissy 100 Geo. P. Harris, Surveyor .. Wm. I'Anson, Surgeon 100 Mattw. Bowden, , William Hopley, „ 5* "30 Rev. K. Knopwood, Chapl'n Superintendants, viz Richard Clark 200 Wm. Nichols 100

Settlers* vizt.

John Blinkworth 100 Thomas Hayes 5 100 Hv. Hayes 4 100 Thos. Littlefleld 2 100 John Dacres 1 100 Richard Pitt 3| 100 Thos. Issell 2 100 Thos. Preston 1 100 Wm. Cockrill ii 100 Edwd. Miller 4 100 Robt. Littlejohn 100 M. Power 50 M. Mansfield 50 Wm. Parish 70 E. Peters, Female propr. 40 Martha Hayes Do 50 Samuel Kelley ioo John Ingle 102} 28* 28 31 23 2,290 Total

* Note 184. COLLINS TO BLIGH. 383

NO. 1.] 1806. sorts of Grain, etc., at the Settlement of Hobart Town, a Depen- isoct. Number of Acres of Pasture and Fallow Land. The Names of the Retum of Convicts employed and Victualled by Government and by each ^™^%tc Stock upon each lot respectively; and also the Number of Settlers to the Civil and Military Servants of Government distinguishing

Hogs. Victualled or not Victualled by Sheep. Goats. Government.

Proprietor. Wife. Children. Convicts.

CU* CO *5 2 B cu •a cu •6 •a "3 2 43 •*3 V "3 •3 S O o "3 0 3 a "3 cu O O X cu > SB •*> Zi > B o O r* a CU S s En fa

70 126 5 104 178 2

1 6 3 4 2 2 i 7 1 6 1 26 8 10 90 4 2 1 8 1

5 26 2 15 4 1 4 3 9 2 10 1 5 1 1 21 69 2 5 i 2 3 3

4 5 26 1 1 1 2 2 4 11 3 6 1 1 1 4 1

2 4 10 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 5 1 3 1 2 2 6 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 i 3 1 3 l 1 1 1 i 4 1 6 i 1 4 1 l 1 i 1 8 1 2 'i I 1 '" l 2 2 10 25 4 10 1 2 1 18 53 8 16 i '2 i

- 74 190 16 187 531 29 84 14 22 28 12 24 20

LEONARD FOSBROOK, Dy. Commissary. 384 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1806. •javeno auo = 18 Oct. CO •JI«H »"0 ^ o Return of o •spjyqj, OMJ *- -LJ OO inhabitants. X CD IM -* •1* " g Japan OQ J -CO ,

" oi Japun oa n SO •pio sivaA oi »Aoq« oa „ •rmj^uajpiiqo i _ Childre n Prisoner s Wive s an d Victualled , •U9010A1 •usaioAi M- a •parremoiA > sjauosu»• "SJOogjo paaoissirauioo-uo»i eo c3 •s^uBuainaii * ! 1 r rt '(ja:)8isn -JQ "Scpy pus) ure?d«o - CD " g Japan oa •* " oi Japan oa (N

pio -SJ.( oi SAOqB aajpnqo O J3 H •usiuo^ iQ S5 > (uaraaaj^) sjaasja.vo cc C C •siiuupuaijuuadng pau aadaa^aJO^s CO * cu •a^ijoo.\pv a^pnf D ureid«qo " f •souuejij a 'too 'n P«* JOQJ3AOO '3T COLLINS TO BLIGH. 385

*p9A*0[dma s^ueiueiwos 00 91^ UI MX9g qioq JO I^OJ, pUBJf) 1 !M

•U31U0A\ CO 1 CO c 13019 '>(01S '£> ri o •si.uuuaR CD -7-1 00 '-!3 •SlU9LUXo[CllU3 snou'BA CD •o •^oqa 'STeoq "5. •fiiJuipimq CO co a 1>- O to - ^1 •j •>toois pu^ wtninouJSv •>ws •13019 'ipis CO rH 1-

ea •SJ9m»fi " CM -4-3 CO CO c •S9UUTJK 'iH 's-UJO 'pmiuoo-uo^ " o •8J99BI9AO puia spiuuadng " X- CO o rt in O i> •A\reiqrR[ pu-e IIAIO ''SJHO P.uimoo ox s- 013 CD D •Sireo I 0 tn •iu9mqoi2iea oi -Jiuiurua •ftiasfBg '^OOQ CM CM •js^^pii atvio pU'B aeuu-ex CM Cd -J3AI9H loox pui3 sjsqoitjqx CO r-t -tf 1 ,8J3^'B]^ 90l[S pU'B SaOlAXl CO CC •13019 'sag^uunag CM CM 5 •^lidsoH JSuipuaMV <* -* a •uoreM iqStNT m CO X a, •Suvf) uwox S "SUap.l'Bf) 5U91UU.I9A0*) x> t^ w "SA\9„IQ STBOg o © in •T3019 'sajois oiiqtm tO i£i fl 'SltlH 1U9T.UU.T9A00 JO 9-H3Q CM CM .2 •s.ign'Bui^oug I— X— C-l (M rt •SJ99SJ9A0 i> CM CM •SS1J9I0 •siuog | 'void 'gispiing ii3og

•aJS'Bijj'BO .taquitx OS CS •sjouxng (,eoo4'Bqo P1113 9uuq £- *~ ' '019 'sagagisi-Bid 'sag^inoug CO CO be .5 •s.ioiii[ds qi'Bq I 'sqiiius^O'Bifl IO iO '3 'ejajnoqwi pui3 SJOiugda'BO 3 •f>18 tS.I9A*A\'B f- -h lis 'l-joy aiiqnj no 9Jti)inou3y o © < '8J99SI9A0 CM

c co H g 5 -w c C CO s *• o s CO •s a i Month . September .

SER. III. VOL. 1—2 B 386 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. [Enclosure No. 4.] 18 Oct. ACCOUNT of Provisions remaining in His Majesty's Stores at Return of Hobart Town, 17th October, 1806. provisions. Received pr. King George.—Beef, Pounds 12,448; Pork, Pounds 83,036; Sugar, Pounds 1,000. Time each Species will last at the established Eation.—Beef, Weeks 3; Pork, Weeks 35J; Sugar, Weeks 6. LEONARD FOSBROOK, Dy. Commissary.

GOVERNOR BLIGH TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) 180T. — March. — March, 1807. [Extracts from this letter will be found on page 18k, volume VI, series I.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO SECRETARY BARROW.

20 March. 20th March, 1807. [A copy of this despatch, acknowledged by secretary Barrow 20th June, 1808, is not available.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO JUDGE-ADVOCATE ATKINS. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) Hobarttown, Yan Diemen's Land, 31 March. Sir, 31st March, 1807. Inquiry by Accompanying this are the Proceedings of a Bench of bench of Magistrates, held here by my Order to make enquiry into the magistrates re M. Power. Commercial Transaction, which was the subject of the Papers* transmitted to me by you in the Estremina. Tou will see by these Proceedings that the Three Magistrates are of opinion that Mr. Power should attend at Port Jackson for the purpose of a further Investigation. The Bench of Magistrates at Port Jackson having given it as their Opinion, should any fraud appear on the Part of Matthew Power, he was immediately to be sent up to Port Jackson; upon reading the Opinion of the Magistrates here, I sent for them, being desirous to know, as they had not so expressed themselves, whether it was in consequence of any fraud appearing to them on the Part of Matthew Power that they had grounded their Opinion of the Necessity of his being sent up; when they de­ clared they had not any Opinion of the kind, but they thought it necessary that further Investigation of the Business should take place at Sydney.

* Note IS5. COLLINS TO ATKINS. 387

It appearing to me that, on your reading the Proceedings trans- 1807. mitted herewith, you will be clearly of Opinion that no Fraud 31 Mareh- whatever appears on the Part of Matthew Power, in which Case ^aud^Tiast* alone I was to send him up, but that his Evidence and Documents M. Power. taken and delivered upon Oath place the Business upon a clear point of View. I can only say that, should you or the Bench of Magistratesfind it necessary to institute any further Enquiry or Proceeding on this Transaction, Mr. Power will be forthcoming whenever called for. The Judge Advocate having arrived here without the proper Prisoners sent Authority* for holding a Criminal or Civil Court, I am con- g0/^*1 at strained to send four Prisoners belonging to the Settlement for Trial before the Criminal Court at Sydney. Inclosed is a List of their Names and Crimes and the Time when their Offences were committed. I also inclose for your Information a Deposition of Francis Cobb, respecting the Prisoner Thomas Jones, together with a Deposition of John Downes and John Manby; the former is the Evidence against the two Men accused of stealing the Government Wether, and the latter has deposed to the Sheep stolen by them having been from that time to the present in his Charge. I am, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

[Enclosure No. 1.]

PROCEEDINGS OF BENCH OF MAGISTRATES. Proceedings Hobart Town, 30th March, 1807. maglrtrates Present:—The Judge Advocate; Revd. Robert Knopwood; George in case of Prideaux Harris, Esq. M. Power. The Bench having received orders from His Honor Lieut. Govr. Collins to meet on Friday, the 27 Inst., to enquire into such circum­ stances as he should lay before them, the Court met, but, being on Good Friday, the Court adjourned to the following day, when, from the Indisposition of the Judge Advocate, a further adjournment took place to this day. The Judge Advocate read to the Bench the proceedings as trans­ mitted from His Honor Lieut. Govr. Collins, as received from the Judge Advocate at Port Jackson. The Judge Advocate proceeded to examine further evidence in addition to the above proceedings. MR. LEONARD FOSBROOK, Dy. Commy., being sworn:— Question by the Judge Advocate. Are you in the habit of making out Bills of Exchange drawn on the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury! Ansr. Yes, 1 am. Question 2. Did you make out any Bills in favour of Matthew Power about October last? Ansr. Yes, I did. Question 3. What Amount were they? Ansr. No. 38 £100- No 41 £138 lis.; No. 42 £200; No. 45 £100; No. 46 £122 10s.

•Note 186. 388 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. Question 4th. Did you draw a Bill in favour of Matthew Power 31 March. during that Month for £538 lis.? Ansr. No, I did not. Proceedings Question 5. Do you keep a Bill Book of all the Bills drawn on the of bench of Treasury? Ansr. Yes, I do. magistrates Question 6. If you have it with you, point out to me No. 41 for in case of £138 lis. M. Power. (Extract of Bill Book.) "41 M. Power, drawn 17 October, 90 days sight, on the Lords Commrs. of His Majesty's Treasury, Amount £138 lis. for consolidated colonial notes." Question by Matthew Tower. Did you draw a Bill in October last in my favour for £536 15s. 2d.? Ansr. No I did not. Question 2nd. Or did you draw one for 136 15s. 2d. in that Month! Ansr. No, I did not. MATTHEW POWER, being sworn, States to the Bench:—that, On the arrival of the King George in this harbour, I went, in company with Wm. Collins, on board of her, and was shewn by Mr. Moody several small Invoices of goods, which he had for sale belonging to some persons at Port Jackson, whose names I am not acquainted with, and which he told me he was to sell for ready money only or Treasury Bills. I told him there were several things in the Invoices, which would not suit me, but, if he would give me six months credit for the whole, I would take them; that he declined, and produced me an Invoice of goods belonging to Simeon Lord, Kable and Co. of Sydney, which he told me I might have credit for, if I wanted; accordingly I took the Invoice with me and told him I would take the whole of Mr. Lord's Investment. On his coming ashore to my house, I acquainted him, if he would let me pick the other different Invoices, which he had, I would take such goods as suited me, to which he agreed and accordingly picked out goods to the amount of £138 lis, 3d.; that, in the evening of the day previous to the King George sailing, Mr. Moody called at my house for settlement; Mr. Wm. Collins was present at the time; that I paid him (Mr. Moody) £138 lis. in a sett of Treasury Bills, being amount of his account with me, and took his receipt accordingly as per Document (No. 1); that I was particular in giving him this sett of Bills, pointing out to him thefirst with the proper Indorsement, the second, and the third in the same manner; that I do not know to whom he was bound to pay that money, considering him only as the party I bought the goods of, and, having paid him and taken his receipt, conceived myself perfectly clear of the business on that account; that I delivered into Mr. William Moody's possession a sealed Packet, directed to Mr. Simeon Lord of Sydney, in which was contained Treasury and Private Bills to the Amount of £460, for which I took Mr. Moody's receipt as per Document (No. 2). Inclosed in the sealed packet was a Letter directed to Mr. Simeon Lord, in which I acquainted him I had pur­ chased the Investment, sent down by Captain Moody, amounting to £516 15s. 2d., and advised him I had enclosed in the Packet, which contained that Letter, Treasury and Private Bills to the amount of £397 19s. 5d. on account of his investment, leaving a balance betwixt us of £132 5s. 9d., which I acquainted him should be forwarded by thefirst opportunity; that Mr. Wm. Moody knew not the particular contents of that Packet; that I never gave Mr. Wm. Moody any Bill for Mr. Simeon Lord save what was contained in the sealed Packet, for BLIGH TO COLLINS. 389 which I have taken his receipt (No. 2); that, on the arrival of the isor. Duchess of York, I prepared to remit Mr. Lord the balance of account 31 March. between us, and had wrote and sealed the Letter directed to him on Proceedings the morning before the arrival of the Estremina; that, on being made 0f bench of acquainted with this unpleasant business by His Honor Lieut. Governor magistrates Collins, I placed this Letter in his hands to be produced in Evidence ™Cp^°J.. whenever called for. Matthew Power called for the evidence of Thomas Abbott and William Moody to be read. Evidence of Thomas Abbott read by the Judge Advocate. Matthew Power says Captain Moody never did leave any part of a sett of .Bills with me, neitherfirst, second or third. Evidence of Wm. Moody read by the Judge Advocate. Matthew Power says:—Captain Moody never did leave any part of a sett of Bills with me, neitherfirst, second , or third, and that the Amount of Mr. Lord's Investment sent down amounted to £516 15s. 2d. only; that I never did remit any other money at that time to Mr. Lord than the Bills, given to Moody, inclosed in the sealed packet; and that I never gave him a Bill for the sum of £538 lis. Matthew Power produced a Letter, signed S. Lord (No. 3), dated 28 Feby., 1807, which he begs leave to point out to the Court the extraordinary difference in the statement of the sums of the Bills. PHILIP SKELTON, Master of the Ferret Whaler, being sworn deposes that, in the Letter No. 3, the signature 8. Lord to the best of his belief (having transacted business with the party) is of the hand­ writing of Simeon Lord. Question by the Court to L. Fosbrook. Have you in your possession any receipts in the hand writing of Wm. Moody? Ansr. Yes, I have. Question 2d. Should you know the hand writing, if you were to see it again? Ansr. I think I should. Question S. Do you know whether the receipts marked Nos. 1 and 2 are his handwriting? (Mr. Fosbrook produced receipts and compared them.) Ansr. Yes, they agree as nearly as possible with those in my posses­ sion, and those I saw him sign. The Bench are of opinion that the Proceedings of this day, or a Copy thereof, should be sent to His Excellency Governor Bligh, and that it is necessary that Matthew Power should attend at Port Jackson for the purpose a further investigation. SAMUEL BATE, Judge Advocate. REVD. R. KNOPWOOD. GEO. PRIDEAUX HARRIS.

[Enclosures Nos. 2, 3, and 4.] [Copies of the exhibits, return of prisoners for trial, and the depositions are not available.]

GOVERNOR BLIGH TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. ' 26th May, 1807. 26 May. [A copy of this despatch is not available.] 390 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. [Enclosure.] 26 May. GENERAL ORDER. General order 25th May, 1807. re rations. THE following is what is to be considered and issued as the established Ration to Government Servants in New South Wales and its Depen­ dencies, to be lessened according to circumstances, as the Governor, Lieut.-Gov'rs, or Comm'dts, may deem proper:— 10 lb. of Wheat, or 8 lb. of Flour. 3 lb. of Maize, or 3 pints of Pease. 7 lb. of Beef, or 4 lb. of Pork. 6 oz. of Sugar, or 1 lb. of Rice. NOTE.—In case one is issued in lieu of another, 8 lb. of Rice is equal to 8 lb. of Flour, or 10 lb. of Wheat; £ lb. of Rice is equal to 1 lb. of Oatmeal; 2 lb. of Maize is equal to 1 lb. of Wheat; 1 lb. of Rice, or 1 lb. of Flour, or 2 lb. Maize, is equal to 6 oz. of Sugar. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR BLIGH. (Despatch per ship Aurora; acknowledged by Governor Bligh, 1st October, 1807.) 30 Aug. 30th August, 1807. 1 Sept. 1st September, 1807. [Copies of these two despatches are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO SECRETARY BARROW. (Despatch per ship Aurora; acknowledged by secretary Barrow, 20th June, 1808.) 2 Sept. 1st and 2nd September, 1807. [Copies of these two despatches are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR BLIGH. (Despatches per ship Elizabeth; acknowledged by Governor Bligh, 1st October, 1807.) — September, 1807, [Copies of these despatches are not available.]

GOVERNOR BLIGH TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per sloop Union.)

10 Sept. 10th September, 1807. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

GOVERNOR BLIGH TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per H.M.S. Porpoise.) l Oct. Sir, Government House, Sydney, 1st October, 1807. Despatches I have received your dispatches dated 30th August and acknowledged. ist September by the Aurora on the 30th Ultimo, and those by the Elizabeth on the 15th. On the 10th I wrote you by the BLIGH TO COLLINS. 391

Union Sloop (Guest) and sent you 300 Bushels of Maize. My igor. Dispatches by her were ,of consequence, and I hope will arrive x 0ct safe; but, as much blowing weather has been during her Voyage, Despatches I shall endeavour to send you duplicates by the Porpoise, Lieu­ tenant Symons, who will have the charge of His Majesty's Ship and these dispatches as his Captain is left here in a dying State. Respecting your report of Provisions, I sent for Mr. Commis- issue of sary Palmer; and under every consideration I have to observe, P10VIS10ns- it has not been usual in the Colony to make any difference in the rations as to quantity of any Species (except of Articles being given in lieu of others) to any description of Persons. The 6 lbs. of rice, Mr. Fosbrook the Deputy Commissary now issues, is equal to | of a full Ration of Bread; the 4 lbs. of Pork is a full Ration; therefore the deficiency of a full Ration of dry Provisions is two pounds of Bread, three pints of Pease, and Six ounces of Sugar, the utmost value of which to Government is Is. lid.; while your Deputy Commissary is issuing 7 lbs. of Weekly loss Kangaroo (a) Is. 6d. pr. lb., equal to an amount of 10s. 6d. pr. i"^"^* week, consequently Government sustains a loss of 8s. 10Jd. on each Military and free Man pr. Week; and on the value of the Rations issued to the Prisoners, Government feels a loss of 6s. lOJd. Calculating 126 Civil and Military and free Per­ sons, the loss pr. Week will amount to £50 17 11 Do. on 284 Prisoners 94 12 6 Gives a total loss to Government weekly £145 10 5 Under such a view of expence, I have to desire you will give instructions directions to Mr. Fosbrook the Deputy Commissary that Kan- re ratlons- garoo is never to be issued but in lieu of Beef when necessity requires, and then only pound for pound; or when Pork is 'issued, in the proportion of 7 lbs. of Kangaroo to 4 lbs. of Pork. In case of want of Flour or Grain, Vegitables and Boots are the proper Substitutes, as the full Ration of Meat is considered sufficient for any Man; and therefore every encouragement should be given to the Growth of these Articles, particularly Potatoes, Beans and Pease, which may be procured in abundance. At Port Dalrymple, Kangaroo is only 7d. pr. lb., and on en- Payments for quiring I find Captain Bunker and others purchased Kangaroo kangal'°°meat- at the Derwent at lOd. pr. lb., when Government was paying eighteen pence; this circumstance you will be able to enquire into. The account you sent me and the Survey held on 5,000 pounds Quality of of Pork has called my particular enquiry. Mr. Commissary saItP°rk- Palmer states, together with his Clerk who attends the Stores, that the provisions were sent in good Order and good Casks. 392 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. As it was the oldest provisions, regularity required it to be the lOct. first issued; and they declare that Port Dalrymple, Newcastle, Quality of and this place have had a great share of it, and that very little salt pork. has proved bad comparatively with the large quantity that has been so surveyed by request of Mr. Fosbrook. I am obliged to observe also that Mr. Palmer points out that Mr. Fosbrook Waste in issue. makes more than one seventh of waste in the Issues of the Pork, and more than one fourth on the Beef sent by the King George while the loss on the Issue of Salt Provisions here, on an average, has been about a fifteenth. Substitution of Mr. Fosbrook does not say what Kangaroo is issued in lieu kangaroo meat. of; if it was for Sugar and Pease, Rice should have been giveD for it; and also for Bread if it was for that Article. He has not complied with my Order stating the established Ration of Provisions, inclosed in my Letter of the 26th May last, and pub­ lished in the Gazette of the 7th June. Issue of With respect to the other Survey of 5,499 lbs., which he states damaged to be in part damaged but left in the hands of the Deputy provisions. Commissary to be issued immediately at the rate of two pounds for one, or double Ration, I have to observe that such a Report is irregular; the bad should have been picked from the good, and that quantity surveyed and condemned. Old Provisions will always shrink in boiling, nevertheless Government objects to any loss on it in the cooking after it has been issued at a just weight. All these circumstances I have directed the Commissary to inform Mr. Fosbrook of and to warn him of bis irregularities; and taking into consideration the great expence which Govern­ Condemned ment is at on account of this Colony, I beg you will direct him meat to be sent to Sydney. in future to send all his condemned Beef and Pork up to this place in Government Vessels when opportunity offers, as we have. a very great demand for Slush, and it fetches a very high price. unless you shall see it necessary to keep it there for any purpose you may thinkfit, for it is an entire loss when thrown into the Sea. With regard to any thing farther on the Subject of Pro­ visions, I have to assure you that I shall use my utmost en­ Available deavours to keep you on a par with ourselves. The whole Salt supply of salt meat. Meat we have for all the Settlements amounts only to about forty weeks, not allowing for anything bad or a particle of waste; therefore, confident of your attention, I am certain you will judge of the precautions necessary to make it last its full time, adverting to the additional burthen we are likely to bear by the evacuation of Norfolk Island and the Settlers of which place coming on our victualling List. BLIGH TO COLLINS. 398

I have directed the Commissary to victual Captain Johnson 2807. and Lieutenant Henderson for six months as you have desired. L' and I expect they will sail in the course of the week. Vour Bills victualling of Exchange shall be delivered. I shall not fail to recommend the Patent* for the Courts to be sent out immediately. I expect they are on their way here; and therefore, under such expectation, I am bound to return Mr. Bate s. Bate to to you until he can have leave from England. Officers both Hobart town. Civil and Military I request will attend to this, as it would be trifling with Government to send Officers home on leave, while we are complaining of the want of them. I observe what you say about Strictland the Informer. I Treatment stand on no ceremony with Persons in his Predicament here, by which means they become bold and the threats of their adver­ saries insignificant. Two men, who informed against our late Conspirators, I gave a pardon to; and every person said tbey would be murdered, but they are living without any dread or apprehension and their Enemies have more regard for their own lives than to do them an injury. I recommend therefore for you to keep all the Men you can at your Settlement, as we have so few here, and so many corning in every week for Certificates of their Time being up, that I cannot'supply you until some are sent from England; this, however, I shall represent home and hope they will send a Ship direct to touch at the Derwent and Port Dalrymple. If we get short of cultivators of the Ground, how can we supply you? I am much concerned about your Bush-rangers; however I . hope by vigilance and Bribes they may be laid hold of. I have found great good in punishing Offenders by hard labour; when I arrived, I found a number of men had absconded, but now we have none; working these Offenders all day and in Irons and locking them up at night has had a good effect. Lieutenant Laycock's having found so direct a roadf and con- Discovery of nection between the Derwent and Port Dalrymple, I hope will p^DfeWmple not be attended with any bad consequences for any length of to the Derwent. time, but ultimately turn to good by a communication between you and Lieutenant Colonel Paterson, when necessity may re­ quire an intercourse. Should the Prisoners continue to desert from one Place to the other, they must 'be fixed at the most laborious labour until they can be returned. With respect to Mr. Hopley's conduct^; and your suspension of Suspension of him, I cannot but approve of; nevertheless I would recommend w' Hopley- that a severe reprimand should be given to him and returned to his duty; when under such goodness on your part, if he again * Note 186. t Note 187. % Note 188. 394 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. behave ill, no lenity can be shewn to him. It is truly distressing 1 Oct. when we reflect on the bad characters that are about us. Return of I have ordered William Morgan to return with his family, W. Morgan. together with the wife of Guest, and have given them accommo­ dation on board the Porpoise. I have likewise ordered all the persons, who .were sent here as witnesses, to be sent on board. A. W. H. When Mr. Humphrey, the Mineralogist, has completed the Humphrey to pursuit I permitted him to undertake from the representation visit Sydney. he made to me, you will please to return him hither, he being on this Establishment where I want several places to be ex­ amined for the Information of Government. I have now only to express my earnest wishes for the good of your Settlement, and confidence of your utmost exertions to render it prosperous; And am, &c, War. BLIGH.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO CAPTAIN PIPER. (A private letter per brig Lady Nelson.) Hobarttown, Van Diemen's Land, i Dec. Dear Sir, 4th Deer., 1807. I intended to have done myself the Pleasure of writing to you and making a request by Lieut. Simmons, which, by putting off to the last Moment, as it only concerned myself, I was pre­ Request for vented doing. By the return of Lieut. Kent, I will now beg the a gig- Favour of you either to construct or procure for me a light six oared Gig, that will convey me safely and expeditiously up or down our River. Boat and I mentioned to Lt. Simmons our being much in Want of a oars required. good Boat, and he promised to bring me one in the Porpoise, if you would furnish it. This I would take on Account of Govern­ ment, as I would also a dozen or two Oars, which may be sent in the rough, if you can spare them, and with which I should be completely set up. Will you forgive my making this request, which be assured I should not have ventured to mention, had I not been encouraged by my Knowledge of your constant readiness in obliging, and by Lt. Simmons's Assurances that it would not be of any Incon­ venience to you. Arrival of Lt. Kent delivered his Cargo in 16 Days from his leaving you, settlers from of which I shall only say that I hope there are not many left of Norfolk island. the third Class. Some of them have already applied for what I have it not in my Power to give them, Clothing and Bedding. I imagine Government must send out large Supplies of those Articles, as well as of Provisions, if they mean to fulfil the Promises held out to them in Mr. Windham's Letter.*

* Note 189. COLLINS TO BLIGH. 395

Allow me to congratulate you upon your Promotion, which iso7. of coursefixes you at Port Jackson; but I hope I shall see you 4 Dec' here before your return thither. I remain, &c, DAVID COLLINS. Lt. Kent takes some Copper Nails for the Boat.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR BLIGH. (Despatch No. 17, per H.M.S. Porpoise.) Dear Sir, Hobart Town, 26th Jany., 1808. 26 Jan. I have much Pleasure in informing You that this Year's Result of Harvest is far beyond the last, both in quantity and quality, but harvest little Smut being any where discoverable, contrary to the Pre­ dictions of some who pretended to see it in every Ear of Wheat. I hope what I have sent by the Porpoise will prove serviceable. I have also sent by her two Cygnets, of which I. request your Cygnetssent Acceptance; they are extremely tame, and eating any Grain that to sJ'dneJ'- is given to them; I think they are more likely to reach England than those which are full grown. I mentioned in a former Letter that I had permitted the Timber Master of the City of Edinburgh, upon his Application, to cut crtyPof P" down some of the Timber of this Country for Masts, Spars, etc. Edinburgh. Since their Departure I have been informed they had a Bill drawn out purporting to be the Expences paid by them for the Fraudulent Masts, etc., and for the use of the Bullocks, which I had allowed lm01ce- them, to bring them in, amounting to the sum of £640; whereas the whole Amount of their Expences was not more than £40. The Bill was attested by a Magistrate, and was made out they said to cover the Insurance. What the Motive was I cannot say, but it appears to me to be an irregular Transaction, as the Bill is entirely afictitious one . Our Weather has for some Weeks been exceedingly hot, and I had the satisfaction of. seeing the Grain every where housed without a Shower. I heartily hope you have by this time received Supplies from Supplies and England and in Abundance, or we shall not be able to fulfil the ™u}"5 Promises of Government to these Settlers. I have not said any thing in my Public Letter respecting the smallness of my Mili­ tary Force, as I imagine some Instructions respecting it will be received by the next, Despatches. Should, however, the Class of Delinquents be increased from Norfolk Island, I shall be under the necessity of applying officially for a reinforcement. I learn with much Pleasure, what indeed I never doubted, that your Labours* for the improvement of the Colony are attended with the Success they merit. I am convinced the Task cannot

* Note 190. 396 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. have been either pleasant or light, for the Spirit of Party has 26 Jan. ever more or less prevailed in New South Wales. That you may enjoy your Health to perfect the great Work, you have began, is the sincere Wish of, Dear Sir, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

MAJOR JOHNSTON TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. — Feb. — February, 1808. [A copy of this despatch per schooner Speedwell is not available.]

MAJOR JOHNSTON TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) 28 March. Sir, Sydney, Head Quarters, 28th March, 1808. Since I wrote to you by the Speedwell Colonial Schooner, almost incessant rain and other unforeseen circumstances have Shipment of prevented me from dispatching Supplies to the Derwent. I provisions. have now the Satisfaction to send by the Estramina Seven hun­ dred Bushels of Wheat and twenty Tierces of Beef and Pork. The Governor Hunter will also Sail in a few days with one Thousand Bushels of Wheat for your Supply, and I trust both Vessels will safely arrive at Hobart Town with their Cargoes in good condition. Further ' I propose to send you four hundred Tierces of Beef and Pork shipments to by the City of Edinburgh; but, as she is first to go to Norfolk be made. Island for the purpose of conveying as many of the Inhabitants from thence to the Derwent as she can accomodate, and as she will not Sail from this place before the fifteenth or twentieth of next Month, it must be some time before she can arrive at your Settlement. By the Colonial Craft, I shall continue to supply you with Wheat and Maize until you have a twelve Months' Stock; and you may rest assured, Sir, that I will do every thing in my power to relieve all your wants, and to enable you to prosecute all your plans with confidence and Spirit for the improvement of the Settlement under your command. I sincerely lament that there are neither Slops nor Beding in the Stores to supply your demand of those Articles. Stores The Bushel measure you will receive by this conveyance and supplied. a Jack, which must be Substituted for an Union, until we can procure Bunting to make you one. There are also four Quires of Paper sent; this is a Scanty Supply but our Small stock of that indispensable article will not allow me to furnish you with mor.e. JOHNSTON TO COLLINS. 897

The accompanying copy of the Charter party will inform you isos. of the terms on which I have hired the City of Edinburgh. If 2s March. it be in your power, against her arrival at the Derwent, to S*1"^.1'of procure about fifty Tons of Sawed timber of the description Edinburgh. pointed out in the enclosed demand, it will considerably facili­ tate her return to this Port by saving the time it would take to Proposed gett Ballast, and will also save us from an immensity of Labour J^™^ in collecting it here. But if your force will not allow of your preparing fifty Tons, I beg leave earnestly to recommend that you will get ready as much as you can, and that attention may oe paid to the quality of what you do collect, because it may hereafter be of great benefit to the Southern Settlements if the timber, that the City of Edinburgh may take, should be approved of at the Cape. I have ordered Six Men as per return to embark on board the Convict

Estramina, and I hope they will prove serviceable. Three of t£the'ocrwent. them are Carpenters, and Benjamin Davis is a Man of remark­ ably good character; whenever I have an opportunity to enquire into the characters and employments of many able Men, who have been set at large under the denomination of Ticket of Leave Men, I think it will be in my power to call in a Sufficient number to furnish all your new Settlers with the quota of Servants, directed in the orders* of the Secretary of State. The pirates,f who seized the Marcia, have been all tried and Pirates from condemned to die by the Sentence of a Vice Admiralty Court; Marcia. but, in consequence of a Petition of the Owners of the Marcia and the proof the Offenders produced of their humanity towards the Master and the Crew, I was influenced to extend the Royal Mercy to them on the condition of their serving as prisoners for the remainder of their Lives. I enclose my dispatch for Norfolk Island open that you may Destination be acquainted with my intentions respecting the Estramina. 2>fJ,

* Note 189. t Note 191. t Note 190. 398 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. her at his own particular request, and a promise on his word of 28 March. honor as an Officer that he will not attempt to assume any command on board, but that he will consider himself under Arrest until His Majesty's pleasure shall be known respecting his Supercession. I have, &c, GEO. JOHNSTON. [Enclosure No. 1.] [A copy of the charter party of the ship City of Edinburgh will be found on page Jfl6, volume VI, series I.] [Enclosure No. 2.]

Return of STATEMENT of Provisions sent to His Majesty's Settlements at shipment of the River Derwent and Port Dalrymple between the 26th provisions. January and 12th April, 1808.

Beef. Pork. Wheat. Barley. Spirits. Settlement. lbs. lbs. Bushels. Bushels. Gallons.

River Derwent 2,080 3,180 1,700 Port Dalrymple 1,550 79' i25 Total 2 080 3,180 3,250 79 125

N.B.—The above includes One Thousand Bushels of Wheat, now ready to be sent in the Governor Hunter, Schooner. JAMES WILLIAMSON, Act'g Commissary.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR BLIGH.

4 April. Hobart Town, 4th April, 1808. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 565, volume VI, series I.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship Rose.) Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, 20 April. My Lord, 20th April, 1808. Report on His Excellency Governor Bligh having been put under settlement. Arrest* and deprived of his Government by Major Johnson on the 27th of last January, I conceive it my Duty to acquaint your Lordship with the State of the Settlement under my Command, since, by this extraordinary Proceeding, I feel myself wholly precluded from making my Requisitions to the regular Channel through which they might be communicated to your Lordship. Evacuation of The Circumstance which I deem the most essential to report Norfolk island. to your Lordship is the Progress that has been made in the Evacuation of Norfolk Island, and the State of this Settlement at the Time I received the first of the Settlers.

* Note 190. COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 399

Governor Bligh had previously (in the Month of October, isos. 1807) transmitted to me a Copy of a Dispatch* received from 20 ApnL Mr. Windham, containing Directions to be observed for the total instructions re abandonment of that Island, sending therewith a List of the Norfolk jsianci. Settlers, amounting in Number to 120, exclusive of their Families, who, having the Option given to them offixing here , or at Port Dalrymple, had made their Election of this Settlement. His Excellency, at the Time he made me this Communication, sent down seven Months' salted Meat for the Number then borne on the Victualling List, but was unable to furnish me with any Mechanics or the smallest Supply of Clothing. I was directed to make Preparation for these Settlers; but, not being made acquainted with the quantity of Ground each Individual would have a Claim to here, it was impossible to make any other than that of securing to them a Place of Shelter on their Arrival, which I did by distributing them among the different Houses in the Town. Thefirst Embarkation arrived by His Majesty's Armed Tender. Arrival of first the Lady Nelson, on the 28th of November, consisting of 15 s^S/Xnd. Settlers and their Families—in all, 34 Persons. They were prin­ cipally belonging to the 3rd Class in Mr. Windham's Distri­ bution, and appeared to be very necessitous, applying immediately to me for Clothing and Bedding, which, unfortunately, I had not to give them. I found they were prepossessed with an Idea that all their Wants could be supplied at this Settlement; and as it was my wish if possible not to increase the Discontent which this Disappointment of their Hopes created, I indulged them, particularly those who had Families, in chusing their Farms in the Vicinity of the Settlement, and giving them such Assistance in building their Houses as my scanty Means would admit. The Number of our full Rations at the Time of the Arrival Number on of these People amounted to 427; by them it was increased to victualling list. 453; and, as I now learned that, instead of 386 People whom the Governor had taught me to expect, I was to receive an Addition of near 800—the whole of the Establishment, the Military ex­ cepted, being ordered here. I availed myself of an Opportunity Purchase of offered me by the Arrival of a Ship—the City of Edinburgh— provisions. from the Cape of Good Hope of purchasing a small Supply of Beef, Flour, and Biscuit, in some degree to meet the Addition that would be made to our Victualling List, which I communi­ cated to the Governor, who approved of the Measure. The second Removal of Settlers took place by His Majesty's Arrival of two Ship, the Porpoise, which arrived on the 17th of January last, ofsettfes"18 bringing 43 Settlers and their Families—10 Individuals not hold­ ing Land—and 11 Prisoners under the Class of Delinquents, some

* Note 189. 400 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. of whom were described by Captain Piper, the Commandant of 20 April. Norfolk Island, to be most desperate Characters, making a total Arrival of two of 187 Persons, which Number was increased on the 2nd of detachments of settlers. March—by the Arrival of the Lady Nelson a second Time with 14 Settlers and their Families, and 17 Individuals not holding Land—to 239 Persons, making a General Total of 273 Persons added to our original Numbers by these three Importations. Management of The whole of these, like the Settlers whofirst arrived, were settlers from billeted on the Inhabitants, and among them some were found Norfolk island. who had sense enough to perceive that, without more Assistance arrived in the Settlement, it would be impossible for this Govern­ ment ever to fulfil the promises held out to them by Mr. Wind­ ham's Letter, and therefore offered, upon my supplying them with Nails and a few necessary Tools, to provide themselves a shelter against the approaching Winter, to which I readily Compromise acceded. Some others proposed to wave all their Claims upon with settlers. Government for Buildings if I would give them Stock equal in value to the Houses they had 'left at Norfolk. To this I could not have any Objection, as, had I even taken off the very few Carpenters and Sawyers I had from the public Works then in hand, I should have made, but a trifling Progress in fulfilling their Expectations, which went to the whole Extent of their Claims. I therefore, with a few Sheep and Bengal Cows, ob­ tained a Release from eight Settlers of the Promise held out by Government that their Houses, Outhouses, and Barns should be built for them at the public Expence. Krection I was at this Time occupied in preparing Materials for build­ of store. ing a Brick Store, 100 feet by 25, which my increasing Numbers rendered indispensably necessary, and to effect which I had but three Men whom I could call Carpenters, Six pairs of Sawyers, four Bricklayers, and a few Labourers. From this trifling num­ ber I detached one Carpenter and a pair of Sawyers to assist the Locality Settlers, the greater part of whom I havefixed on the Banks* of selected for settlers. the River, in a most eligible Situation, about 30 Miles above the Town. Scarcity of Your Lordship may be surprised at my not having more Arti­ skilled labour. ficers, and Mechanics; it is therefore necessary to inform your Lordship that I have sustained a great Loss in this useful Class of People by Desertions, which it was impossible to prevent, by Deaths, and by many having become free through having served their Terms of Transportation, insomuch that 1 have lately been obliged to hire some free Men who came from Norfolk Island to enable me to furnish the Settlers with Tools and Nails for their Huts.

* Note 192. COLLINS TO PIPER. 401

When I received thefirst intimatio n that I was to expect the isos. Settlers from Norfolk Island, it was Matter of great Satisfaction 20 Aprl1, to me to know that I had the Advice and Opinion of the Gover- Loss °f advice nor-in-Chief to resort to in any Cases of Difficulty that might \v. Bligh. occur in adjusting their different Claims, many of which I fore­ saw would arise from my former knowledge of their Characters. Being by his unforeseen Removal left wholly to my own Judg­ ment in Conducting this Business, I shall, to the utmost of my Means, endeavour to fulfil the Promises under which the Settlers have abandoned their comfortable Dwellings and fertile Posses­ sions at Norfolk, in the accomplishing which I shall look forward to the Honour of obtaining your Lordship's Approval of my Conduct. As I have not any Prospect of dispatching this Letter before Transmission the Departure of some Whalers that may sail from this River of desPatcn' for England in August or September next, I shall now close it, and continue in subsequent Letters to state the further Progress • that will have been made up to that Time in the Removal of the Settlers and Inhabitants from Norfolk Island. I have, kc, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO CAPTAIN PIPER. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) Dear Sir, Hobarttown, 21st April, 1808. 21 April. By the Estremina, which arrived here on the 16th from Despatch Sydney with Wheat, I received the inclosed Letter to you from transmitted. Major Johnston. I am occupied in preparing for the reception of the Multitude, Preparations which may be expected to arrive in the City of Edinburgh, a Ship fromNorfoik chartered by the Major for the purpose of removing the re- isIand. mainder of the Settlers, etca. The Estremina is to return hither with as many as she can bring. I do not hear what is to be your Destination after the final Evacuation of your little Paradise, but be assured it would give me much Gratification. if it could be fixed for this Settlement. We are so much in Want of Carpenters and Sawyers that, if scarcity of p n s you have any to spare, I would thank you to send me them as ^", l *!!o ,.0 soon as possible. Mr. Apsey* will tell you all the News, some of which I think will Surprise you; and to him I refer you, remaining, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

SEE. III. VOL. 1—2 C * Note 193. 402 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO MAJOR JOHNSTON. 11 June. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) Hobartown, Van Diemen's land, 11th June, 1808. [The following extract only of this despatch is available:—] Provisions I HAVE the satisfaction of stating that I have now upwards of in store at Hobart town. twelve Months' grain in His Majesty's Stores, And therefore hope this information will reach you in time to prevent your fulfilling your intentions of sending me any further supply of wheat for the present. The Beef and pork by the City of Edinburgh will also place me much at my ease with respect to wet provisions; and I cannot but feel sensible of your Attention to our Situation, Since you have had the direction of the Government at Port Jackson.

SECRETARY BARROW TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship Duke of Portland.) 20 June. Sir, 20th June, 1S0S. Despatches I received on the 13th Inst, by Capt. Johnson your Letters acknowledged. of the 1st and 2nd September, 1807, transmitting a Duplicate of Your Letter of the 20th March, 1807, transmitting the Returns of the Detachment of Royal Marines under Your Com­ mand for March and Sept'r, 1807, and representing the want of Clothing, Necessaries and Arms for the use of that Detach­ Supplies for ment; In return I am comm'd by their Lordships to acquaint detachment You that they have directed the Navy Board to provide and of marines. send You by thefirst Opportunit y a proper Supply of the Cloth­ ing and Necessaries desired, And that the Board of Ordnance upon being Applyed to for Arms and Flints have in Return Reported that they have Ordered the same to be Shipped on board the Duke of Portland, Transport, now at Deptford under Orders for New South Wales. I am, kc, J. BARROW,

SECRETARY BARROW TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship Duke of Portland.) Sir, 20th June, 1808. Release of Having laid before my Lords Commrs. of the Admty. Henderson from arrest. Your Letter of the 1 September last acquainting them that you had sent home Lieut. Henderson in Arrest, charged with be­ having unbecoming the Character of an Officer and a Gentle­ man under the Circumstances therein detailed, I am comm'd by their Lordships to acquaint You that they have Ordered Lieut. Henderson to be released from his Arrest, as they do not con­ ceive his Conduct subsequent to hisfirst Release by You to be amenable to a Court Martial. I am, &c, J. BARROW. COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 403

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAOH. isos. 1 Sept. (Despatch per ship Rose.) Government House, Hobart Town, My Lord, Van Diemen's Land, 1st September, 1808. I have the Honor to acquaint your Lordship that since Progress in the Date of my Letter of the 20th April, 1807, Duplicate of ^"oS^d. which is herewith inclosed, the Business of evacuating Norfolk Island has proceeded but slowly, owing, I apprehend, to the season of the year being unfavourable to communicating with the Settlement. Within that Time I have only received a small settles per Party of Settlers, which arrived on the 5th June last, in one of Estremina. the Colonial Vessels—the Estremina, Schooner. The Number landed from her was 13 Settlers, 16 Individuals not holding Land, 8 Women, 22 Children, and 1 Servant, making a General Total of 333 Persons received from Norfolk Island. I have been for some time expecting the Arrival of the City of Settlers Edinburgh, a Ship of upwards of 500 Tons Burthen, with a exPected- Supply of Beef and Pork, and a considerable Body of Settlers and People from Norfolk Island. Of this Circumstance I was in­ formed by Major Johnson, whose great Attention* to this Settle­ ment since he has been in the Government at Port Jackson I think it my Duty to represent to Your Lordship. I understand by Major Johnson's Letter this Ship was to sail from Sydney for Norfolk Island on or about the 16th of May last. As the Winter Season was so far advanced, it became im­ possible to calculate upon the Time in which she might probably arrive here, since it has been known that Ships have been blown off from the Island forfive o r six Weeks together. I, therefore, on the 20th Ultimo, finding she had not appeared, thought it Reduction in prudent to reduce one-half of the Ration of salted Meat, and once more have recourse to the Woods for Assistance. We had at this Time only five Weeks of that Article remaining, which, if the Casks ran their marked Contents, would be extended to ten, within which Time I cannot but think supplies will reach us. The Kangooroo is issued, pursuant to Instructions formerly re- issue of ceived from Governor Bligh on that Head, in the Proportion of kansavo° meat- 7 lb. of Kangooroo to 4 lb. of Pork, and pound for pound when Beef is part of the Ration. The Price paid for it by Govern­ ment is one Shilling per pound, not being able to procure it on cheaper Terms. Our Numbers will, however, very soon become too extensive to admit of trusting to this precarious mode of Supply, neither do I think I should be able to procure it in sufficient quantity, particularly during the Summer Season, when it will be impossible to preserve it in a State fit for issuing

* Note 194. 404 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. from the Distance at which it is even now to be found, since the 1 Sept. more these Animals are hunted'the further they are driven into the interior. I am happy tofind this Alteration in their Ration has not ex­ cited any Murmuring among the Settlers from Norfolk Island, several of whom, ignorant and low Characters, have not hesitated Discontent of to express their Dissatisfaction with myself, because it has not settlers from been in my Power to fulfill the Promises of Government to the Norfolk island. extent of their Claims. But from them and their Discontents I have nothing to apprehend, for although my Military force is weak, yet upon their Adherence to me I can depend, and upon the voluntary Services of the Civil Officers of the Settlement. Industrious Of these People there are several who, although they arrived new settlers. late, yet have got three or four Acres in Wheat, and manifest a Disposition for Industry. In Process of Time, I trust, as they acquire Property in the Country, they will become interested in its Welfare, and prove a valuable Addition to its internal De­ fence. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL FOVEAUX TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS (Despatch per H.M.S. Porpoise; acknowledged by lieutenant-governor Collins, 23rd October, 1808.) : Sept. 8th September, 1808. [A copy of this despatch and its enclosures will be found on page 6kk, volume VI, series I.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO UNDER-SECRETARY COOKE. (Despatch per ship Rose.) Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land, 10ct. Sir, 1st October, 1808. Criticism of The Ship Rose being about to depart hence for England, I prospects of avail myself of the Opportunity of addressing you upon the Sub­ whaling by P G King. ject of a Dispatch received from Lord Castlereagh at Port Jackson, an Extract of which has been transmitted to me by Lieutenant-Colonel Foveaux. It is therein stated that " this Settlement is represented by Governor King to be at too great a distance for the general resort of whalers, and therefore not likely to become of any material Importance."* What Motive that Officer could have for this Assertion is unknown to me, and I cannot but think he must have intended to have spoken of the Settlement at Port Dalrymple, as it is well known that no Whaler

* Note 195. COLLINS TO COOKE. 405 has ever put in there for the purpose of procuring a Cargo; isos. whereas this Place has been resorted to every Season since I have ' d n been here by Whalers, many of whom have filled their Ships with of t™ n^ent Oil procured in the River and adjacent Bays, and proceeded for whaling. therewith to England. It is situated contiguous to New Zea­ land, the advantage of which is that at the end of the Fishing Season there, if it should have proved unsuccessful, the Ships may run to this River and compleat their Cargo, as the Black Whale resorts hither when the Sperm Whales quit the Coast of New Zealand. Several of the latter have also been killed off Cape Pillar by Ships coming to this River, and a Whaler, the Dubuc, now about to return to England, has taken in 180. Tons of Black whale Oil procured here this Season. I am the more desirous of stating these Particulars to you, Sir, as it appears by Lord Castlereagh's Letter that in the event of Governor King's Information heing right no Settlers are to be sent here, but it is to be retained as a Place where Convicts may be usefully employed until the Utility of forming in it a more permanent Establishment may be more fully ascertained. At the Date of His Lordship's Letter it could not have been Preference of known that the whole of the Settlers at Norfolk Island, with very Norfolk island few Exceptions, having it in their Option where to fix their lortne Decent. future Residence, had made their Election of this Settlement, a great part of whom are now in it, and the Remainder daily expected, from whose Exertions, _ if properly supported and en­ couraged, I have every Hope that this part of New Holland will ultimately be entitled to Attention. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO UNDER-SECRETARY COOKE. (Despatch per ship Rose.) Hobarttown, Van Diemen's Land, Sir, 1st October, 1808. I have the Honour to acquaint you that Mr. William ui-heaith of Hopley, the Junior Assistant Surgeon of this Settlement, having w"H °Plev- been repeatedly confined to his House by Illness, and his Health daily becoming worse, he found it necessary to apply for a Survey to be held on him, which I accordingly directed; and it having been the Opinion of three Medical Gentlemen that the recovery of his Health might be effected by his Return to England, I Leave of have accordingly given him Permission to proceed thither in granted. the Ship Dubuc for that purpose. 406 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. I inclose Mr. Hopley's Application for a Survey, my Order in i Oct. consequence thereof, and the Report of the Surgeons. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.] SURGEON HOPLEY TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. Sir, Hobarttown, 6th Septr., 1808. Request from Having for a considerable Time laboured under a very w. Hopley for jji state of Health, which renders me incapable of performing absence. my Duty as an Assistant Surgeon, and having very little pros­ pect of recovering in this Country, I am desirous of proceeding to England, conceiving that the only method of effecting so desirable an object. An Opportunity now offering in the Ship Dubuc for that perpose, I have to request you will be pleased to have the goodness to order a Medical Survey on me in order that I may be Invalided; and I beg leave to observe that I have filled the situation of Assistant Surgeon and Surgeon in His Majesty's Service between thirteen and fourteen years. I trust those Ser­ vices you will be pleased to consider, and that the Indulgence I , now request will not be refused. I have, &c, WILLIAM HOPLEY. [Enclosure No. 2.] Report to be ORDER BY LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. toithof BY His Honor David Collins, Esquire, Lieutenant Governor of w. Hopley. His Majesty's Settlement at Hobarttown, Van Diemen's Land, and Lieutenant Colonel in the Royal Marine Forces, &c, kc. WHEREAS Mr. William Hopley, the Second Assistant Surgeon in this Settlement, has represented to me by Letter of the 6th In­ stant, that the State of his Health has been such for a consider­ able Time as to afford him no Prospect of a Recovery thereof while in this Country, and therefore requests I would be pleased to order a Survey on him. You are therefore hereby required and directed to visit the said Mr. William Hopley, and enquire into the State of his Health and report to me under your Hands whether you think it necessary that the said Mr. William Hopley should be in­ valided and sent to England. For which this shall be your Authority. Given under my hand at Government House, Hobarttown, Van Dieman's Land, this 7th day of September, 1808. DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Govr. To William I'Anson, Esqr.; Mr. Matthew Bowden; Mr. Thomas Birch. COLLINS TO FOVEAUX. 407

[Enclosure No. 3.] 1808. 1 Oct. REPORT BY SURGEONS. ,. ,. -— Medicai report TT , _« 1 n -sinn on health of Sir, Hobarttown, 10th Septr., 1808. w. Hopley. Pursuant to your Order of the 7th Instant, we have ex­ amined Mr. William Hopley, and from the Statement we have received from him have reason to believe that a removal to his Native Climate might be of Benefit to his Recovery; and we do therefore beg leave to recommend his being allowed to return to England for that purpose. We have, &c, W. I'ANSON. THOS. BIRCH. MATTW. BOWDEN.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LIEUTENANT-COLONEL FOVEAUX. (Despatch per ship City of Edinburgh; acknowledged by lieutenant- colonel Foveaux, 10th December, 1808.) Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, Sir, 23d October, 1808. 23 Oct. I had the Honor of receiving Your Letters by Captain Simmons on the 23rd Ultimo, informing me that, in pursuance Command at of Orders* from the Secretary of State you had assumed the {*t%ovS™* Command of the Colony at Port Jackson during the absence of Lieutenant Governor Paterson, and transmitting to me an Extract of a Letter* from Lord Castlereagh, together with a Copy of Yours* to the House of Messrs. Campbell and Hook, respect­ ing a Contract which I had entered into with them for supplying this Settlement with a certain number of Cattle. I have now to inform You that, on the 2nd Instant, the City of Arrival of Edinburgh arrived from Norfolk Island, having on board 242 Norfolk island. Persons belonging to that Settlement. They arrived in some distress with respect to dry .Provisions, their passage hither having been longer than they expected at their Sailing. Several of the Settlers Complaining—some, that their property had been Complaints plundered on the Voyage; others, that it was not forthcoming— ^tier's7 I directed an Investigation of their Claims to be entered into by a Bench of Magistrates, the result of which is herewith inclosed. It has been found necessary to hold a Survey upon some part Report and of the Provisions, and Slop Cloathing received by this Ship, a transmitted. Copy of the report of which is likewise inclosed, together with the Commissary's return of the several Articles of Provisions and * Note 196. 408 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. Stores he has receiv'd, and a General Statement of the In­ 23 Oct. habitants within the Settlement with an Account of the time the Provisions now in Store will last for their Support at the estab­ lished ration. Passengers p The Man, who was sent in care of the Stallion, returns by ship City of this Conveyance together with Anne Bennett and William Shurs. Edinburgh. I have likewise sent John Morris, a Prisoner, who I am inform'd by Captain Piper is waiting the determination of the King in Council, respecting a Sentence of death, which was pass'd upon him at Norfolk Island. Provisions Finding that some part of the Provisions put on board for used on board. the use of this Settlement had been expended on the passage, the inclosed Certificate has been obtained from Mr. Broughton stating the Quantity issued and his reason for issuing the Same. I have, kc, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.]

THE MAGISTRATES TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. Sir, Hobart Town, 21st Octr., 1S0S. Report by We beg leave to represent to You that, on Investigating magistrates the dispute between the Settlers, who came in the City of Edin­ on claims of settlers. burgh, and Captain Pattison, respecting the different Articles lost on board, we cannot get at any Original Vouchers for what was actually received on board, the Receipts having been left at Norfolk Island. At the same time, there cannot be a doubt but some of the Settlers have lost a great deal of Property; yet there does not appear to be any kind of proof, of which we can take Notice against the Master of the Ship. We have, &c, REVD. RT. KNOPWOOD. EDWARD LORD. GEO. PRIDEAUX HARRIS.

[Enclosures Nos. 2, 3, and 4.] [Copies of these papers are not available.]

[Additional Enclosure.] Return of RETURN of Servants wanted to Supply the Settlers received from servants Norfolk Island into His Majesty's Settlement at Hobart required. Town, Van Dieman's Land. Of the 1st Class 15 at 4 Servants each is 60 2d Do. 38 at 2 Do. each 76 3d Do. 69 at 2 Do. each 138

Total .. 274 COLLINS TO FOVEAUX.

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3 •iiaoA\ oitqnj jo CO jojoodsuj puis OSISOIUISUIJIJ 'JofoAans •A'a a r- O \ui3ssiiuiuor> A^ndsa OQ ^uti^sissy C-1 •U03«.ms redpuu,} r-> O •ure[d«qo i-H •sfBooApv aSpnr .v}ndaa 'W"H U°0 '11 P<™ '-"^oo ^navr M 410 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

IS 08. [Enclosure No. 6.] 23 Oct. RETURN of the Weeks Provisions remaining in H.M. Stores at Return of Hobart Town at the established Ration. provisions Pork, @ 4 lb. p. "Week, Weeks 22, days 4; Beef, (a 7 lb. p. Do., Weeks in store. 12, Days 0; Bread, Flour, Rice as Bread Kind, 7 lb., 8 lb., 8 lbs. p. Week, Weeks 11, Days 0; Sugar, (a, 5 oz. p. Week, Months, 9, Weeks 3. Sufficient for 816 Full Rations. 21st October, 1808. LEONARD FOSBROOK, Dy. Commissary. [Enclosure No. 7.] [A copy of this certificate is not available.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LIEUT.-COLONEL FOVEAUX. (Despatches per ship City of Edinburgh; acknowledged by lieut.- eolonel Foveaux, 10th December, 1808.) 24 Oct. 24th and 25th October, 1808. [Copies of these two despatches are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO UNDER-SECRETARY COOKE. (Despatch per H.M.S. Porpoise.) Hobarttown, Van Diemen's Land, 16 Nov. Sir, 16th November, 1S0S. Recommenda­ Mr. Jon'n Taylor, late Chief Mate of the Ship Dubuc, tion of South Sea Whaler, now laying condemned in this River, having, J. Taylor as settler. in consequence of his earnest Wish expressed to me of becoming a Settler in this part of Van Diemen's Land, obtained a Grant of 100 Acres of Land, I beg leave to recommend him to your Attention as a Person worthy the Indulgence of Government; and, as he purposes returning hither immediately with his Farnily and Property, he would be essentially benefited could a Passage be ordered for him in a Ship chartered by Government for this Settlement or that of Port Jackson. I have, kc, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUT.-GOVERXOU COLLINS TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per H.M.S. Porpoise.) Government House, Hobart town, 21 Nov. Sir, Van Dieman's Land, 21st Xovr., 1S0S. I have the Honour to enclose for your information a General Statement of the inhabitants of this Settlement up to the 17th Inst., with the number of weeks our provisions will last at the established Ration. I received some Slop cloathing by the City of Edinburgh, Scarcity of enough in one or two articles for one Serving. We are particularly clothing. in want of Bedding and Trowsers; respecting our other wants I have written to Colonel Foveaux, who no doubt will com­ municate them to you. COLLINS TO PATERSON. 411

Our wheat and other Grain at present promise generally well, isos. and we shall have an abundant crop of Potatoes; prior to our 21 NoY' getting' in the Harvest, I shall cause a muster to be taken of the General muster Ground in cultivation by the Settlers, and an account of their Stock, the result of which shall be transmitted. The accompanying Letter to the Secretary of the Admiralty, I will thank you to transmit by the first opportunity. I have, &c, [Enclosures.] DAVID COLLINS. [Copies of these returns are not available.]

LTEUTEXAXT-COLONEL FOVEAUX TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS, 10th December, 1808. 10 Dec. [.1 copy of this despatch will be found on page 10, volume VII, series I.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per brig Hibernia; acknowledged bv lieutenant-governor Paterson, 30th March, 1S09.) Government House, Hobart Town, 1809 Sir, Van Dieman's Land, 11th February, 1809. n Feb. I have the Honor to acquaint you that the Venus Schooner Shipment of arrived here from Port Jackson on the 29th December last, alXstores. having on board 300 Bushels of Maize, a quantity of Slop Cloath­ ing and Bedding upon Government Account, and a small invest­ ment for Barter. I did not acknowledge by her the receipt of these Articles as the Master informed me he should be at least three months on his return to Sydney, previous to which period I thought it extremely probable I should find a more direct con­ veyance for my communication with you. Such has now offered by the departure of the Brig Hibernia, which arrived here on the 4th Instant from Calcutta, with a Cargo on Speculation. I have now to acquaint you that nearly every article of bread kind in His Majesty's Stores being expended, I commenced receiving potatoes as a substitute on the 6th inst., at 2|d. per i«Sueof lb., issuing 16 lb. thereof as a Ration for each male for one i^oftoead. week. I think it likely, from the quantity grown in the Settle­ ment, I shall at the least procure sufficient of this valuable Article for the consumption of four months. The late Harvest was all well got in and secured, but much more than what is produced from the Government Farm in clean wheat will be Grain and salt required by the Settlers as Seed for the ensuing season. Ourmea t re(iulred- quantity of salted meat appears in the accompanying return of provisions from the Deputy-Commissary, by which, Sir, you will judge of the propriety of sending hither a Supply of Grain and Salt Provisions proportionate to our Numbers. 412 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. The several Articles of slop clothing sent by Lieutenant- 11 Keb. Governor Foveaux proved extremely welcome, as the Prisoners I Clothing for brought with me from England had been for some time in convicts. nearly a state of nakedness. The Bedding I shall probably re­ serve for them until the season is colder, when they will be found to be of real comfort. Letters per Among the Letters, which I received by the Venus from Eng- schooner Venus. land> wag one addresse(j to the late Captain Putland, apparently from the Transport Board as you will perceive by the Super­ scription. By what mistake it could have been sent on to me, I am at a loss to conjecture, as the Address upon the Envelope was not Official, and is moreover written in a hand to which I am a perfect Stranger. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.] [A copy of this return is not available.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per brig Hibernia; acknowledged by lieutenant-governor Paterson, 30th March, 1809.) 18 Feb. Sir, Government House, Hobart Town, 18th Feby., 1509. Effect of It gives me much concern to be compelled to trouble the absence of law Government at Port Jackson with the delinquencies of this courts in Settlement, a circumstance that would not occur had we a Court Tasmania. competent to take cognizance of them. Many representations have to my knowledge been Submitted to His Majesty's Min­ isters on this Subject; but, as no provision has been made by the Legislature for the Administration of Justice here, I am under the necessity of again having recourse to the Courts established at Sydney. Confinement I have at present a person in confinement for forging Several of a forger. receipts, purporting'to be for Articles received into His Majesty's Stores and bearing the Signature of the Deputy Commissary and Storekeeper; but, as the absence of both these Officers would be of great detriment to the Business of the Store, I should hope that the presence of one only would be sufficient to prove the Forgery and convict the offender. I shall postpone sending him until I am favoured with your opinion upon this point, and until a better opportunity offers which I Solicit you to furnish. Liability of I have likewise to request your opinion whether a Civil Officer civil officer to holding the Commission of Deputy Surveyor is amenable to a court martial. General Court Martial* Should you decide in the affirmative, I am concerned to state that I shall be under the necessity of send­ ing Mr. Harris, our Deputy Surveyor, to Port Jackson to be * Note 197. COLLINS TO PATERSON. 413 tried for resisting and refusing to acknowledge the Authority of iso9. the Officer,* Second in Command to myself in this Colony, whom 18Feb ' I had left in the direction of the Settlement during a temporary Proposed absence of a few days, which I passed among the Settlers estab- G. P. Harris. lished at the upper part of this River, and whose conduct in this unpleasant Business obtained my approbation at my return. It is necessary to observe that the two Military Officers will compose part of the Evidence in behalf of the Prosecution, by whose departure I shall be left without one to carry on the Ser­ vice of the Garrison; you will, therefore, allow me to suggest the propriety of an Officer of the New South Wales Corps being Sent to remain here during their absence. This measure will only be requisite in the event of Mr. Harris being found amen­ able to a military Tribunal. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per ship Hunter; acknowledged by lieutenant-governor Paterson, 19th April, 1809.) Government House, Hobart Town, Sir, Van Dieman's Land, 25th March, 180'9. 25 March. I have the Honor to acquaint you that, on the 15th Instant, Shipment the Ship Hunter arrived in this Port from India with 252 Head ° of Cattle on board, which upwards of Two years since Mr. Robert Campbell had proposed to furnish this Settlement with, and I agreed to receive.f I deem it necessary on this occasion to make you acquainted Reasons for with the reasons that induced me to accept the proposals offered ^"campbeii. to me by Mr. Robert Campbell. I was informed by the late Governor King, soon after my fixing here, he was instructed by Lord Hobart to supply the Settlement under my command with a stock of Breeding Cattle; and, in pursuance of that instruction, I received by the Lady Barlow 130 Cows in August, 1804; between which time and the date of Mr. Campbell's letter, 13th March, 1807, no further addition was made except a few that were left by Mr. Bowen on his removal from Risdon Cove, and one or two that were landed from Island by the No ex­ pectation of receiving a further Supply having been held out to me, I readily embraced the opportunity offered to me by Mr. Campbell of introducing a young Stock of Cattle into the Settle­ ment, and which, though late in effecting, yet I trust it will prove a valuable acquisition, and as such I hope the measure will meet your approbation. Upon their landing, I appointed an Officer on the part of the Survey of cattle Crown, who with another on that of the House of Campbell's,whe n la,,de'1' * Note 198. f Note 199. 414 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. were directed to survey them, and reject such as might appear 25 March. to be aged or likely soon to die, when seven were only deemed unmerchantable and refused. Condition of Much credit is due to Mr. Robson, the Master of the Hunter, cattle on for the great attention shown by him to the Comfort and Clean­ arrival. liness of the Cattle, by far the greater part of them appearing rather to have been brought from their Grazing Ground than from the between Decks of a small Ship, where they had been enclosed for four months. Payment for I engaged to pay twenty-six pounds per head for the Cows and cattle. five pounds per head for every Calf calved on the passage, which has been paid by Bills on His Majesty's Treasury. Discharge of The Investment that was sent hither by the Venus has been claims of appropriated, as far as it would serve, to discharging some of the settlers from Norfolk island. Norfolk Island Settlers' Claims for grain and Stock left behind them at their removal; but it by no means went to the extent of satisfying their demands, and consequently excited some discon­ tent among them. I should, therefore, hope, if you have the means, that a further Supply may be consigned to me by the earliest opportunity. Mutinous On board the Hunter are two Soldiers, one belonging to the soldier on Regiment under your Command, the other a private in the 22nd ship Hunter. Regiment of Foot. From some mutinous expressions uttered by the latter during the Passage, to which Mr. Robson had deposed before a Magistrate, and on his representation that it would be necessary for the security of his Ship, I have caused him to be ironed. The two Soldiers, with the son of one of them, have been victualled from the Public Stores, agreeable to the enclosed Account of the Commissary. Requisition for I fear the whole of the enclosed list of Medicines, etc., required medicines by the Surgeon for the use of our Hospital cannot be furnished and nails; at Sydney; as many of them, however, as can be spared are extremely necessary; and I have also to mention that, through our great demand for Xails for the use of our Norfolk Island Settlers, a large Supply is wanting, and more particularly to save the expense which we are unavoidably put to in making them. and for seed I have already received applications from the Settlers of our wheat. District only for 268 Bushels of Seed Wheat, and I imagine that Quantity will be required in the whole. I must, therefore, also request a Supply of that article. Request for I have in former communications with the Government at supply of Port Jackson represented the impossibility of carrying on the convicts. public Service of the Colony, unless I could be furnished with an addition to my labouring people; from the few who are now left, but little can be expected, and a small recruit would be of very PATERSON TO COLLINS. 415 little benefit. I must in consequence renew my application for a 1809. Supply of Prisoners to be sent hither to enable me not only to -° y,JTch- furnish the Settlers with servants and to carry on the public works, but to do away the expense of hiring free people. Lieut't Lord, of the Royal Marines, being possessed of a large Land given to and valuable Stock of Cattle, has obtained my sanction for the F" Lor ' appropriation of 500 acres of land for Grazing and Agricultural purposes, the particulars of which I enclose herewith, and solicit your confirmation thereof by a Grant under your Signature and the Seal of the Territory. The Commissary transmits a return to Mr. Fitz of the Pro­ visions remaining in His Majesty's Stores up to this date. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosures.] [Copies of these requisitions are not available.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship iEolus.) Sir, Sydney, Port Jackson, 30th March, 1809. 80-March. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Letters of the 11th and 18th of February by the Hibernia, and to ac­ quaint you that the Schooner Endeavour is now taking in 1,000 Shipments of Bushels of wheat at the Hawkesbury, with which she is ordered and^onviets. to proceed direct to the Derwent, and that I have engaged with the Owners of the Pegasus, which is expected to Sail in a few days for the conveyance of a further Supply of Grain and Salt meat for that Settlement and of as many Convicts as can at present be spared from hence. With respect to the person in Confinement for Forgery, I have Evidence to observe that, if the receipts are jointly Signed by the Deputy fo^ervtriai Commissary and Storekeeper, it will be absolutely necessary for both of them to attend the Criminal Court at this place to ensure his conviction; but if otherwise, one of these persons with con­ current evidence will be sufficient for that purpose. As to the liability of the Deputy Surveyor to be tried before a Liability of General Court Martial, it strikes me that the question must be G.P.Harris to j..... i. -i • r-i ..jt court martial. decided by the nature of his Commission, to which I beg to refer you, as you have an opportunity of having recourse to it. If it expresses "That he is to follow and observe Such Orders and Directions as he from time to time shall receive from the Gover­ nor of the Said Territory for the time being, or any other his Superior Officer, according to the Rules and Discipline of War," there can be no doubt but he is amenable to a Military Tribunal. *Note 197. 416 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. I am, however, decidedly of opinion that the dispute between 30 March. Lieut. Lord and Mr. Harris should be Settled without sending the parties to Plead Quarters, as, from the Statement laid before me by the latter Gentleman, I perceive that a public trial here would lead to much unpleasant recrimination, which for the honor of His Majesty's Service I think should if possible be avoided. Proclamations I enclose you some copies of a Proclamation, which I have enclosed. found it necessary to issue, and which I request you will publish throughout the Settlement under Your Command. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON. [Enclosure.] [A copy of this proclamation, dated 19th March, 1809, will be found on page 73, volume VII, series I.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LlEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per ship Hunter; acknowledged by lieutenant-governor Paterson, 19th April, 1809.) Government House, Hobart Town, i April. Sir, Van Dieman's Land, 4 April* 1809. Transmission I have the honor to acquaint you that the Ship Hunter, of papers re which sailed from hence on the 29th Ulto. on the day following P. Flaherty. fell in with His Majesty's Ship Porpoise, having Governor Bligh on board, to whom Mr. Robson delivered the Dispatch from Lieut. General Hewitt, containing the particulars and the neces­ sary documents respecting the Soldier, Patrick Flaherty, men­ tioned in my letter of the 25th of March. As without the Papers you would have been unacquainted with the circumstances that induced the Lieutenant General to send the Soldiers to join the New South Wales Corps, I have caused copies to be made thereof which I have the honor to enclose for your information. Return of Mr. Robson again proceeding with the Hunter to Port Jackson, pilot Watson. in her are embarked the Pilot Watsonf and his Assistant, who were detained on board the Porpoise by the Governor. I have, &e., DAVID COLLINS.

LlEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LlEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooners Endeavour and Venus.) 9 April. Sir, Head Quarters, Sydney, 9th April, 1809. Shipment of By the Endeavour, Schooner, which has been freighted on provisions account of Government to convey 1,000 Bushels of Wheat to the and convicts. Derwent, I send you a Parcel of letters, and I beg to apprize you

* Note 200. ' Note 201. PATERSON TO COLLINS. 417 that the Pegasus will sail from here in about ten days with a iso9. further Supply of Grain and Salt Provisions for that Settlement 9AP">- and with 50 Male and a few female Convicts under a guard of an Officer, one Serjeant, two Corporals and ten privates of the New South Wales Corps. I have, kc, WM. PATERSON.

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooner Venus.) Sir, Head Quarters, Sydney, 15th April, 1809. is April. I beg leave to acquaint you that the Endeavour has been shipments of obliged to return to this port, and it has been found necessary to Pr°VISlons- remove the Cargo of Wheat with which she was freighted for the Derwent and to Substitute wet provisions in lieu of it. The Settlement however will suffer no inconvenience by the change, as the Pegasus will Sail in the course of a few days, and the Grain has been removed to her. Mr. Humphrey, the Mineralogist, having made over a number Exchange of Horned Cattle, now at the Derwent, to Mr. David Bevan of of eattle- this Place, You will please to receive them on account of Govern­ ment, and transmit to me a return of their number and quality, as I have promised to give Mr. Bevan the Same number from the Public Herds in exchange for them. I expect that Lieutenant Governor Foveaux* will in a few days Proposed be ready to Sail for Port Dalrymple to take the Command of that j^1^,^?1 Settlement. I have, &e., WM. PATERSON.

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooner Venus.) Sir, Head-quarters, Sydney, 15th April, 1809. Should the Contractf which you have made with Messrs. Proposed Hook and Campbell for the importation of Bengal Cattle, etc., eatti^from not be fulfilled on the receipt of this letter, and should a supply Port Dalrymple. of Horned Cattle be wanted at the Derwent, I have directed the Officer commanding at Port Dalrymple, to select from the Public Herds two Bulls and 150 Cows, which he will send to you on your application to that effect. In ease you deem it expedient to avail yourself of this arrange­ ment, it will be necessary to give Captain Brabyn an intimation thereof, that he may order the Cattle to be driven half-way, where they may be delivered to such persons as you may appoint to receive and conduct them to your Settlement. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON. SER. III. VOL. 1—2 D * Note 202. f Note 199. 418 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 19 April. (Despatch per schooner Venus.) Sir, Head-quarters, Sydney, 19th April, 1809. Despatches I have to acknowledge the receipt of Your Letters of the acknowledged. 26th Ult. and 4th Inst., by the Hunter, with the enclosures, to which I shall reply by the Pegasus. Despatches via The Endeavour having been forced to return to this Port, and Port Dalrymple. not being as yet ready to resume her voyage, I avail myself of the opportunity offered by the Venus, Schooner, of sending my letters for you to Port Dalrymple,* with directions to the Commanding Officer there to forward them overland. Proclamation My letter to you of the 30th of March by the iEolus, containing by W. Paterson my Proclamation of the 19th of March, has no doubt been duly against W. Bligh. received, and the observance of it enforced in the Settlement under your Command. Lest, however, any accident should have prevented the receipt of that letter, I now again enclose you the Proclamation referred to; and as I understand Commodore Bligh, in further Violation of his Word of Honor, has landed and been received at Govern­ ment Housef at Hobart Town, and has intercepted letters officially addressed to the Officer administering the Government of this Territory, I have to repeat my Orders that you do adopt imme­ diate measures for carrying my Proclamation into the fullest Effect. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON. [Enclosure.] [This proclamation will be found on page 73, volume VII, series I.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooner Venus.) 20 April. Sir, Head-quarters, Sydney, 20th April, 1809. Issue of As the several Articles (both of Salt Meat and Grain), provisions about to be sent from hence to the Derwent, are intended solely prohibited to H.M.S. for the use of that Settlement, I have to desire that no part of Porpoise. them (or of those which may have previously been in His Majesty's Store there) shall be appropriated to any other pur­ pose whatever, and that no fresh meat shall be furnished untill further Orders to any others than the Persons usually victualled in the Establishment of the Settlement. I am induced to call your particular-attention to this Order, from an apprehension that Commodore Bligh may make a requi­ sition to you for Supplies for the use of the Porpoise, of which he cannot stand in need, as that Vessel at her departure from

• Note 1ST. Note 203. PATERSON TO COLLINS. 419 hence was completely furnished with Stores and Provisions for 1809. eight months, a length of time much greater than her voyage to 20Apn1 ' England can possibly require. I have, kc, WM. PATERSON.

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship Pegasus.) Sir, Head Quarters, Sydney, 30th April, 1809. 30 April. By the Pegasus, I have sent to the Settlement under your shipment of Command as great a number of Convicts as at present can be provision^ possibly spared from hence. The Acting Commissary's Letters will inform you of the nature and Quality of Provisions conveyed by the Same Vessel. By the King George, which will be ready for Sea in a few days, a further supply will be forwarded, and should a arrive previous to her Sailing an additional number of Prisoners will be sent. It was my intention to have ordered the Detachment of the Detachmtnt of corps New South Wales Corps, embarked in the Pegasus, to proceed by fo'r port. land from Hobart Town to Port Dalrymple. The advanced Season Dalrymple. of the year, however, induced me to relinquish that Idea; and 1 request you will have the goodness to provide them with Suitable Quarters and Accommodation, until the arrival of the Lady Nelson, which I have ordered to convey them from the Derwent to Port Dalrymple. At present, I shall add nothing more than a repetition of my hopes that the Orders and Instructions, contained in my letters of the 30th of March, and 15th, 19th and 20th Instant, have been particularly attended to. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON. LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship Pegasus.) Sir, Head Quarters, Sydney, 1st May, 1809. i May. I beg leave to acquaint you that a Detachment of the New Detachment of South Wales Corps, of which I enclose a return, has been em- per shipC°rpS barked on board the Pegasus as a guard over the Convicts Sent Pegasus. in that Ship to the Settlement at the Derwent. On the arrival of the Detachment, I have to request you will give orders for their disembarkation,' and their being provided with Quarters ashore, until an opportunity shall occur for their return to the Head Quarters of the Corps. They are Subsisted up to the 24th instant, after which period you will please to direct their pay to be issued by the Officers paying the Detachment of His Majesty's Troops under your 420 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. Command. You will draw on the Regimental Paymaster here, 1 May. or on Messrs. Greenwood and Cox, Agents to the Corps, for the Subsistence of Amount, for which it will be requisite to transmit the proper military sent Vouchers and Returns. to the Derwent. As I mean to send a reinforcement of Convicts by the King George, it will be necessary to send another party of the Corps to escort them; and I beg you will be pleased to consider these instructions as applying to them, and likewise to Suit other Mili­ tary Detachments, as the furtherance of His Majesty's Service may render it needful to send to the Settlement under your Command. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON.

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LrEUT.-GovERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship Pegasus.) Sir, Sydney, Port Jackson, 1st May, 1809. Despatches The Schooner Venus, bound to Port Dalrymple, having for Port been forced back to this port, I request you will cause a box of Dalrymple. letters intended to have been convey'd in her for the Commandg. officer at Port Dal'e to be sent over land from your Settlement. I have, &c., WM. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship iEolus.) Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, 10 May. My Lord, 10th May, 1809. Arrival of In continuation of my former Reports to your Lordship settlers from on the Subject of the Evacuation of Norfolk Island, I have the Norfolk island. Honour to acquaint you that early in the Month of October last, a Ship, the City of Edinburgh, which had been chartered for the purpose by Major Johnson, arrived here, having on board the greater part of the remaining Settlers and Inhabitants from that Settlement; and as I have reason to suppose I have now received the whole of these People that will be allowed to come here, I beg leave to enclose, for your Lordship's Information, a general Re­ turn of the Numbers landed from the several Ships and Vessels employed in the Removal. Occupation Of the Settlers, there are but very few who are not at this of settlers. Moment occupied in the Cultivation of their new Farms, and erecting Habitations of some kind for their Families. The few not so employed are troublesome, discontented Characters, who refuse the trifling Assistance which I can give them, because they cannot obtain the whole to which they have a Claim. A Reference to Mr. Secretary Windham's Dispatch* of the 30th of December, 1806, will shew your Lordship what these Claims are,

* Note 189. COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 421 to meet which I have neither the requisite Mechanics, Artificers, 1809. nor Labourers. I should not mention this want of Labouring 10 May. People to your Lordship, had I, not made several ineffectual Claims for convict Applications upon this Subject to the Government at Port servants. Jackson. It is to be presumed that, as these Representations were accompanied by Returns fully pointing out my Reasons for making them, some particular local Circumstances unknown to me have as yet prevented their being attended to. Through not Scarcity of convict having been furnished from Port Jackson with Prisoners to labour. supply the Loss I have sustained in my original Numbers by various Casualties, and the lapse of 6 years, by which all those who were embarked with me, and were for 7, have (with only a very few Exceptions) become free, I have been compelled to hire several of them to work again for Government, on being paid for their Labour, which expence will of course cease so soon as I receive a Recruit of People adequate to the different Services whereon I can employ them. That I might be enabled to furnish your Lordship by the present Opportunity with a correct View of the actual State of the Settlement, I have caused a particular Muster of the In­ General muster habitants to be taken in the several Districts, and have the of settlers. Honour of inclosing a Return thereof, exhibiting an Account of the live Stock and whole quantity of Land in Cultivation in this Part of New Holland. The latter would have been considerably greater, had it been in my Power to have furnished the Settlers with their full Number of Convict Servants; It must, however, be mentioned to their Credit, that the greater part of what is stated to be in Cultivation by the Norfolk Settlers is the Effect of their own personal Labour. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.] A.N ACCOUNT of the Settlers, Free Persons, and Prisoners, re­Return of ceived into this Settlement from Norfolk Island from 29th settlers from Norfolk island. Novr., 1807, to 1 Octr., 1808.

T3 £

CO . E-6 5 o E' Time Received. By what Conveyance. in a B S- „ - u % P. 2 *J QJ s CCrH o IS o Novr. 29th, 1807 .... P.H.M. Brig Lady Nelson.. 15 6 13 34 Jany. 17, 1808 .... P.H.M. Ship Porpoise 56 39 76 ii 182 March 1st, „ P.H.M. Brig Lady Nelson .. 25 12 11 2 50 June 7th, , H.M. Col. Schr. Estramina.. 23 13 24 2 62 October 2d, „ .... P. City of Edinburgh 83 39 96 8 226 Total 202 109 220 23 554

LEONARD FOSBROOK, Dy. Commy. 422 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. [Enclosure 10 May. Return of RETURN of a General Muster of the Settlers held in His Majesty's general muster of. settlers. Number of Acres located to them, the Quantity of Grain

N. of Acres. Horses Horned Cattle.

3J Names. Quality. '/ O > a. 09 en X § M CD 6 | o X •S o r-H 2 a 0 . O s 0 ,

The Crown 17 4 2 224 57 The Lieut. Governor... Edwd. Lord .,.,, Lt. Marines 500 1 40 17 T. E. Breedon do 100 2 Leonard Fosbrook Commissy 114 5 3 Revd. R. Knopwood Chaplain 130 4 2 William I'Anson Surgeon 104 5 2 Matthew Bowden do 102 7 4 SamT Bate Dy. J. Advocate.. 100 George P. Harris Dy. Surveyor 100 A. W. H. Humphries .. Mineralogist li William Collins NT Officer 105 2 Thomas Issell Settler 100 3 1 Thomas Hayes do 100 2 2 Henry Hayes do 100 2 1 Wm. Nichols do 100 1 Thomas Littlefleld do 3 100 3 John Dacres do 2 100 1 John Blinkworth do 5 100 5 Wm. Cockerell do 4 100 1 3 3 Richard Pitt do 10 100 Robert Lyttlejohn do li 100 Edward Millar do 100 4 3 Thomas Peters do n 40 1 6 3 Martha Hayes do 50 3 Thomas Newby do 80 Robert Fellett do 100 1 John Faulkner do 50 1 1 James Lowe do 30 Wm. Stanley do 67 Thomas O'Brien do 100

198J 56 2978} 7 6 322 42 66 COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 423

No. 2.] 1809. 10 May. Settlement on the River Derwent, Van Dieman's Land, with the Return of cultivated, and the Live Stock thereon, V.B. No. 14. of settle™."*'

Sheep. Goats. Swine. Propr. Wife. Children

in XI •a Where Situated. OJ S OJ' H 05 EG •c ea O •a oj OJ -rs a - OJ a S CJ -*3 E O O OJ •8 O IS a OJ a > i 1 1 rH > S5

9 41 50 17 5 2 11 6 7 15 1 60 58 6 6 5 6 1 2 I 1 78 31 6 11 5 30 . 6 13 1 69 23 7 2 4 152 20 3 9 6

1 21 1 i 3 3 8 8 1 1 1 4 3 12 3 1 1 3 1 8 2 4 4 1 1 27 11 10 9 2 1 1 5 5 1 1 1 1 3 1 I 2 30 7 1 5 1 1 3 2 15 3 3 3 7 4 1 1 2 1 10 5 8 1 3 5 3 2 1 >-New Town District % 120 6 14 20 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 50 18 1 6 1 2 Female Proprietor 8 3 3 1 1 I 1 1 2 2 6 1 1 5 3 46 12 2 4 16 56 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 6 }

30 749 255 31 26 47 178 58 87 19 9 11 7 28 16 424 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. LlEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VlSCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. 23 May. (Despatch per ship iEolus.) My Lord, Government House, Hobarttown, 23rd May, 1809. Letter from I have the Honour to enclose a copy of a letter, which I Revd. R. Knopwood. have received from the Reverend Mr. Knopwood, the Chaplain of this Settlement. This gentleman came out with the Establishment in His Majesty's Ship Calcutta, and, from my personal observation of his attention to the duties of his Office, and the readiness with which he has at all times assisted me in his Civil capacity as a Magistrate, I humbly beg leave to recommend the object of his application to your Lordship's consideration. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure.]

REVEREND R. KNOPWOOD TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. Sir, Hobart Town, 19th May, 1809. Claim to Having been credibly informed that an Increase to the increased Pay of the Chaplains to the different Settlements in these salary. Territories has taken place in the following proportions, viz. to thefirst Chaplain £360; 2nd, £280; 3rd, £240; and fourth, £220 per annum, I beg leave to inform you that my appointment places me next to the Rev. Mr. Marsden (who isfirst i n these Colonies) and that consequently I am entitled to the salary of £280 instead of my present £182 10s. pr annum. I have, there­ fore, to request you will please to make application on my behalf to the Secretary of State, or the Plight Honourable the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury, as you may judge expedient, in order to obtain the additional pay for me. I have, kc, ET. KNOPWOOD.

LlEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LlEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) Head Quarters, Sydney, Port Jackson, 28 May. Sir, 28th May, 1809. Shipment of I have directed.a Supply of provisions to be forwarded in provisions. the King George for the Settlement under Your Command, of which an Invoice is sent by the Acting Commissary. Your Letter of the 14th April* Contained a paper purporting to be a Copy of a Letter from the Commander in Chief in India dated 27 June, 1808, addressed on service to the Governor of

* Note 200. COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 425

this Colony, And which you State to have been taken by the 1809. Officer Commanding His Majesty's Ship Porpoise from the per- 28 May' son to whose Care it was intrusted. SeSatch Te P. Flaherty. From the Circumstance of its being attested by you to be a true Copy, I take it for granted that the original was in Your Possession. I therefore Cannot help expressing my Surprize at your not having Caused it to be forwarded agreable to its direc­ tion to the Head Quarters of the Government. In Compliance with your recommendation, I transmit You a Land grant for Grant of Land for Lieut. Lord of the Royal Marines. I have, kc, WM. PATERSON.

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) Head Quarters, Sydney, Port Jackson, Sir, 29th May, 1809. 29 May. From the Acting Commissary, you will receive a list of Military and Convicts embarked for the Derwent on board the King George. ^[^K^|er Enclosed I send a Return of the Detatchment of the New South George. Wales Corps, which accompanied them as an Escort, And which you will please to order to proceed to Port Dalrymple in His Majesty's Schooner Estramina together with the Detatchment sent on a similar Service in the Pegasus. I have, kc, WM. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship JEolus.) Government House, Hobart Town, My Lord, Van Diemen's Land, 31st May, 1809. si May. I have the Honour to acquaint your Lordship that on the Arrival of

30th of March last Commodore Bligh arrived here from Port the Denvent. Jackson* in His Majesty's Ship Porpoise, having left the Settle­ ment, as I have since been informed, under a solemn Promise that he would proceed direct to England. I did not imagine there would have been any Occasion to address your Lordship respecting this Officer, further than to mention his Arrival, and my Determination to show every pos­ sible Attention to his personal Convenience while he remained within the Limits of my Command; but some unforeseen and

* Note 203, 42G HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. unprecedented Circumstances having recently occurred between 31 May. us, I deem it necessary, in my own Justification, to state them to your Lordship. Arrest of I had been officially informed by the Officer who succeeded Mr. W. Bligh at Bligh in the Government that it had been found expedient to put Sydney. him under an Arrest*; with the Circumstances that led to such a strong measure I never was made acquainted. Upon his Arrival His reception I received him with the Honours due to the Office of Governor-in- at the Derwent. Ohief, and gave up to him the House in which I then was living. After thefirst Salutations and Marks of Respect had been paid, he appeared dissatisfied at not having been addressed by the His conduct at Settlers, and I could observe that upon every Occasion he was Hobart town. endeavouring to impress upon the Minds of the Settlers and Convicts the Idea that he was the Governor-in-Chief, and still possessed of the power and authority of that Office, professing at the same time a readiness to hear and redress any Complaints they would lay before him, although it was expressly stipulated between him and Lieutenant-Governor Paterson, before he was suffered to embark in the Porpoise, that he would not interfere in the Concerns of Government, and although he had himself given me unasked-for Assurances that he would in no wise meddle or interfere with my Command of this Settlement. Letters sent by About three Weeks after his Arrival we learned by a Ship W. Bligh to merchant which came in from Port Jackson that at his Departure thence, captains. Mr. Bligh thought fit to leave behind him several Circular Letters,f addressed to the Masters of such Ships as were then in the Port, and which were to be delivered after the Porpoise had sailed, proclaiming the New South Wales Corps to be in a state of Mutiny and Rebellion, and commanding the Masters not to take any of them out of the Colony. The Lieutenant-Governor deeming this Transaction a flagrant Violation of a Promise solemnly given by Mr. Bligh, issued a Proclamation, one of which is herewith enclosed, forbidding all Descriptions of Per­ sons within the Territory from holding any Intercourse or Cor­ respondence whatever with him or any of his Family at that time embarked on board the Porpoise. This Proclamation, which was inserted in the Colonial News­ paper,^: though not officially received by me, was communicated to the Person whom it most nearly concerned, who thought it Counter advisable to write a Counter Proclamation, in which he described proclamation that of the Lieut.-Governor to be of the most rebellious and by W. Bligh. unlawful Nature, and strangely calling upon me to assemble the Inhabitants of this Settlement at a certain time and Place, and there cause the same to be publickly read. I immediately decided what Part I had to take in this Business; but willing to know if

Note 190. t Note 204. J Note 205. COLLINS TO CASTLEREAGH. 427 my Officers thought with me, I assembled them and had the Satis- 1809. faction offinding they were unanimously of Opinion it would be 31' ay' A v e f the Extreme of Imprudence, if not of Folly, to give any Sanction ^ K s°t aken to the publication of it here. I have the Honour to enclose, with by D. coffln?. a Copy of the abovementioned Proclamation, a Copy of Mr. Bligh's Letter to me, of my Answer to him, and of one from him in Reply, of which I did not think it necessary to take any Notice. Mr. Bligh, at this time, had been some Days on board his Ship, interference and now began to exercise his Authority afloat, ordering the with'boats Boats of the Colony, when passing up or down the Eiver in the in harbour. daytime on the Public Service, to come within Hail of his Ship, upon pain of being fired into if they did not comply. Indepen­ dent of the Interruption hereby thrown in the Way of the public Business, there appeared to me something unhandsome in taking such a Step without communicating to me his Intention or his Reasons for a Proceeding which I considered as calculated to weaken if not to lower my Authority in the Settlement. I was on the point of coming to an Explanation with Mr. Bligh upon this Subject when a Circumstance occurred which deter­ mined me at once how to act. Information being received on Action taken c e the Evening of the 19th Instant that a Ship* was at the Entrance d°^ e^ o( of the River, I ordered a Boat to be manned, and putting an despatches. Officer and a Party of the Military into her, with positive Orders not to go alongside the Porpoise, I sent him down for my Letters. An Attempt was made by the Commodore to stop the Boat by ordering the Officer to come alongside; but he, Lieutenant Lord, of the Royal Marines, having received my Directions, was not intimidated by anything he heard, and did not go alongside the Porpoise. The Ship, as I expected, was from Port Jackson, and by her was now officially transmitted to me the Lieutenant-Governor's Proclamation of the 19th of March last, with particular Direc­ tions for my Conduct with respect to Mr. Bligh. I humbly beg Leave here to observe to your Lordship that Recognition of Lieutenant-Governor Paterson, although Junior to me in Mili- as lieut.- tary Rank, and as such incapable of giving me Orders, yet in his g°vel'nor- Civil Capacity holding the Commission of Lieutenant-Governor of the Territory and its Dependencies, I considered him my Superior, and in consequence did not delay shewing my recog­ nition of him as such by causing the Proclamation to be made public throughout the Settlement. By this Compliance with the Lieutenant-Governor's Directions I fear I have drawn upon myself and the Officers under my Com­ mand the evil Report of Mr*. NotBlighe 206,. who , in a Letter, a Copy of 428 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. which I enclose, informs me that for this Act oi my Duty I am 31 May. " inevitably to suffer." I hope, my Lord, I shall not be so unfor­ Relations tunate as to incur your Lordship's Disapprobation of my Conduct between W. Bligh and towards this unfortunate Officer. Could I have been left to the D. Collins. Exercise of my own Feelings respecting him, had he not adopted a Conduct which I thought unhandsome in several respects, he might have remained here in the Enjoyment of a Tranquility that had been denied to him at Port Jackson until he had thought proper to leave me. I will now only add, to what I fear your Lordship will deem too long a Letter, and for which I must entreat your Pardon, that I am, &c, DAVID COLLINS. [Enclosure No. 1.] [A copy of this proclamation, dated 19th March, 1809, will be found on page 73, volume VII, series I.]

[Enclosure No. 2.] [A copy of this proclamation, dated 29th April, 1809, will be found on page 96, volume VII, series I.]

[Additional Enclosures.] [Copies of the correspondence between Governor Bligh and lieutenant-governor Collins will be found on page 15S et seq., volume VII, series I.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship iEolus.) Government House, Hobarttown, 3 June. My Lord, Van Dieman's Land, 3rd June, 1809. Shipment of I have the Honour to inform your Lordship that, since provisions. closing my Letter of the 10th ultimo, the Ship Pegasus has arrived with a small Cargo of wheat, Beef and Pork, and 54 Male Prisoners, from Port Jackson, and I am taught to expect in a few days the arrival of another supply of Provisions. Commissariat I enclose herewith, for your Lordship's further Information, return. the Deputy Commissary's Return of the provisions remaining in His Majesty's Stores on the 1st Instant, with an Account of the Time each Article will last at the established Ration. I have, &c, DAVTD COLLINS. [Enclosure.] [A copy of this return is not available.] FINUCANE TO COLLINS. 420

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. 1809. (Despatch per ship iEohis.) Government House, Hobarttown, My Lord, Van Dieman's Land, 9th June, 1809. The zEolus having been for some days detained in this Detention of Port by Commodore Bligh, I am afforded an Opportunity of w!PBiigh?S > humbly representing to your Lordship the manifest Evil, under which this Settlement has long laboured, through the want of established Courts of Justice* It had been thought expedient to Courts of appoint a Judge Advocate for the Settlement, and one was inYammnia.'6' accordingly sent out; upon whose Arrival, in the year 1806, I was not a little disappointed onfinding h e had not been provided with any Authority for holding a Criminal or Civil Court. I became, of course, obliged to send those Delinquents, whose Offences were of a Capital Degree, to the Court Competent to try them at Port Jackson, the Inconvenience of which has been felt in many ways, in the long Absences of such as were sent as Evidences, in the Tare Occurence of Opportunities for sending the Prisoners to Trial, and in the consequent Diminution of the Dread of Punish­ ment immediately following the Detection of Offences. The want of a Judge-Advocatef and the proper Courts was not so much perceived in thefirst year s of the Settlement, as. it is at present, and particularly since the addition made to our Numbers by the acquisition of the Norfolk Island Settlers and their families. I have therefore to hope your Lordship will be pleased to take this Circumstance into your consideration, which I should not have mentioned, had I not been assured it had been made the subject of more than one Letter:}: from the late Governors, King and Bligh. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON. 10th, 18th, and 26th June, 1809. [Copies of these despatches, acknowledged by lieut.-governor Paterson 1st October, 1809, are not available.]

SECRETARY FINUCANE TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) Sir, Head Quarters, Sydney, 29th June, 1809. ^June- I am directed by Lt. Governor Paterson (who at this Despatches for moment is prevented by Indisposition from writing) to request you will cause the enclosed Letters for the Commanding Officer at Port Dalrymple to be forwarded to that Settlement from the Derwent. I have, &c, JAMES FINUCANE.

* Note 186. t Note 207. t Note 208. 430 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. LlEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LlEUT.-GoVERNOR PATERSON. July-Aug. 5th, 7th, 8th July, 1809. 2nd, 4th, 6th August, 1809. [Copies of these despatches, acknowledged by lieut.-governor Paterson 1st October, 1809, are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship Elizabeth.) Hobarttown, Van Dieman's Land, 20 July. My Lord, 20th July, 1809. Despatches With the Duplicates of my Letter sent by the ^Eolus that transmitted. sailed hence on the 20th Ultimo, I have the Honour to transmit a Packet received from Lieutenant Governor Paterson for the pur­ pose of being forwarded by the present Conveyance to Your Lordship. Reported I have recently been informed that Brigadier-General Night- appointment of ingall* has been appointed by His Majesty to succeed to the successor to W. Bligh. Government of New South Wales in the room of Mr. Bligh, who is still here with the Porpoise, and, by what I learn from his Officers, has not any Intention of removing until either the Arrival of the General or an Order for his Return. He has lately Seizure of availed himself of his Situation below the Town, in Storm Bay provisions by Passage, and seized part of a Supply of Provisions which was W. Bligh. coming here, and sent by Lieutenant-Governor Paterson for the use of this Settlement. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON. 6 Aug. 6th August, 1809. [Extracts from this letter will be found on page 175, volume VII, series I.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 1 Oct. Sir, Head Quarters, Port Jackson, 1 October, 1809. Despatches I have the Honor to acknowledge the receipt of your acknowledged. Letters with their several enclosures as mentioned in the Margin,t to which I shall reply at large by thefirst direct opp'y, at the same time forwarding such supplies of Provisions and other Articles as the State of H.M. Stores here will afford. At present I shall confine myself to expressing my entire approbation of the measures you have adopted with respect to Comm. Bligh, and my regret at being obliged to withhold that

* Note 209. t Marginal note.—1809: June 10th, 18th, 26th ; July 5th, 7th, 8th ; Aug. 2nd, 4th, 6th. COLLINS TO MACQUARIE. 431

Sanction you have been pleased to request to the introduction 1809. of Bengal Cows at the Derwent, agreable to your Engagement 1 0ct with Messrs. Hook and Campbell, an Engagement* which I have importation uniformly condemn'd as unnecessary and extravagant, And my Sentiments on which I have thought it my duty to submit to H.M. Ministers. It has afforded me much pleasure to comply with your request Land grants of Grants of Landf at your Settlement, to Capts. McAskill and and Pardons- Bader (which has been delivered to those Gentlemen) as well as to the Rever'd Mr. Knopwood, which is herewith transmitted, together with one for the Chaplain for the time being, and par­ dons and Emancipations for the Several persons whom you have recommended as deserving objects of such indulgence. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. (Despatch per ship Venus; acknowledged by Governor Macquarie, 8th March, 18l0.)

Government House, Hobarttown, 8 Sir, Van Diemen's Land, 2d February, 1810. 2 Feb. In compliance with your Commands to be furnished with Account of the such Particulars of the Settlement under my Direction as may enable you to form a Judgement of its Importance and Utility, I beg leave to submit the inclosed Statement to your Con­ sideration. Observing in the Government and General Orders of the 2d Returns of January that the late Lieutenant Governor Colonel Paterson was therein directed to give a Return of the Civil Officers at Sydney and the Subordinate Settlements, I have the Honor to inclose a Return of the Civil Establishment of the one under my Command, conformable to the Mode prescribed in that Order. I likewise inclose for your Excellency's further Information a General Return of the Inhabitants dn the Settlement at the 1st Instant, together with a Return of the Stock belonging to Government; and the Number of Weeks for which there are Provisions remaining in His Majesty's Stores at the Ration expressed against each Article. I have also the Honor to send herewith a Specimen of the Specimen ate Muriate of Sodo, which is found here in the interior as stated 0f^d" in the inclosed Account received by me from Mr. Humphrey the Mineralogist. I have, &c, DAVID COLLINS.

* Note 199. t Note 210. 432 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

igio. [Enclosure No. 1.] ' Feb " ACCOUNT OF THE SETTLEMENT ON THE DERWENT RIVER. Account of the settlement at THE Civil, Military, with most of the Settlers and others who D!ecomns.nt by now compose the Colony, were sent from England in the year 1803, at which time the present Earl of Buckinghamshire was the Colonial Secretary of State, for the purpose of forming a Settlement in a Port of New Holland in Bass Straits; the which not being provided with the Requisites for such an Establishment as came out with me, the Design was abandoned, and the Colonists removed hither, where they arrived, and possession was taken on the 19th of February, 1804. I have given this brief account of our origin, as it is probable the Settlement may have been hitherto unknown to your Excel­ lency. The local Situation of the Settlement is at the Southern Extremity of Van Diemen's Land, on the Banks of a River, frequented from the Months of May to September by the Species of Fish named the Black-whale. The Seaward or lower part of the Harbour abounds with extensive Bays, that have been re­ sorted to by Whalers at the close of the Fishing Season off New Zealand, for the purpose offilling u p with the Oil of the Black- whale. I need not enumerate the several Vessels of this Descrip­ tion that have entered our Port with this Design, but will only say that not a Season has elapsed, since we have been settled here, in which we have not been visited by these adventurers. In addition to this Advantage of being annually resorted to by Shipping, we lay in the track of those proceeding to China, whose Commanders by touching here for a few days wouldfind a Port of Refreshment for their Ships' Companies. Nothing can be safer than the Entrance of the Harbour and the River, into which there are two Passages, one from the Southward through Storm Bay Passage, the other from the Northward through Storm Bay. To the superior Convenience and Safety of the Port over every other yet known in New Hol­ land, the Commanders of the Several Ships, that have touched here, have borne ample Testimony, and have taken with them Documents to prove to their Owners the great Benefit and Utility thereof to their Shipping Concerns. The late Governor King divided the Island of Van Diemen into two Counties,fixing the Boundary of each at the Parallel of 42° South, naming that, in which I have the Honor to com­ mand, the County of Buckinghamshire. Within this Parallel- on the South side is a large tract of Country adapted to grazing and agricultural purposes, particularly in the interior, where there are extensive Plains, richly covered with Cattle Grass, and COLLINS TO MACQUARIE. 433 well watered. In this most essential comfort, Van Diemen's ISIO. Land appears more amply gifted than the Main Land of New _L- South Wales. From these Plains, the Industry of the Settler Account^ the will draw large Supplies of Grain; and Governor King, in his the Derwent by last Letter to me, gave it as his Opinion that most of the Flour, D- Collins. which will be used in New South Wales, will be raised in Van Diemen's Land; and I have not seen any Reason yet to believe this Opinion erroneous. The Soil is evidently capable of pro­ ducing as fine Grain as any part of the World, and in as great a quantity as the most favoured Spots in England. If then, Sir, it shall be found capable of raising Grain suffi­ cient for our own Consumption, and to export to another Settle­ ment, I think I may, upon its possessing within it this Resource, rest its Importance as a Colony. To this Point I think it would by this Time have attained, had it laterly been justly appreciated and attended to not only by a regular System of Supplies being adopted, but in furnishing it from time to time with Mechanics and Labourers, to supply the Vacancies occasioned by Deaths, Desertions, and the Expiration of Sentences of Transportation. Of the Convicts who landed with me at Port Phillip, the greater number were transported for seven years, the whole of whom have compleated the term of their Banishment. To my repeated Applications for Prisoners to make good these Losses, one Governor wrote me that he had not the means of conveying them hither; another, that from various Causes he had but few left, and " if he got short of Cultivators of the Ground, how could he supply me " ? The Consequence of this ill timed Backwardness has been an heavy Expense to Government, by being compelled to hire those very People for Labour, to whose Services it had before been entitled. This leads me to mention the Settlers from Norfolk Island, who have large Claims for Servants upon Government, which I have promised to represent to your Excellency, and shall make the Subject of a separate Letter, only observing that, from a Body of industrious Settlers, a Colony such as this must derive the greatest Advantages. With our Agricultural Prospects, we know that the Country possesses within itself a Supply of Animal Food, of which, during some of the years in which we have been settled, Necessity com­ pelled us to avail ourselves, and Experience has taught us it may be looked upon as a Resource in time of Scarcity. Veins of Coal are found in various Places: in the interior are several salt Lagoons or Lakes; and the Existence of a rich Iron Ore has been ascertained.

SER. III. VOL. I—2 E 434 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. These, however, are at present of no further consequence to the 2Feb- Settlement than affording us the Knowledge that, when Labourers Account of the can be applied to work them, they may be one Day of Utility to it. the Derwent by There is, however, one Point of View in which this Settlement D. Collins. wjij be deemed to be of Importance. It is well known that the French are perfectly acquainted with this part of Van Diemen's Land, and, it has been said, have or had it in contemplation to fix an Establishment in the Neighbourhood. As in this Design. if it was ever seriously entertained, they have been anticipated by us, such could now be effected only by Conquest during a War between the two Nations, and nothing is to be apprehended from them in time of Peace, as it would be known that a friendly Nation had pre-occupied the Soil. I shall here close this Account of the Settlement, which has been formed under my Directions, being anxious that it may reach Port Dalrymple in time to be forwarded to your Excel­ lency by the Estremina, and requesting you to be assured it is worthy the Attention of Government, and expressing at the same time my Confidence in its receiving that Support from your Excellency which will compensate for the many Difficulties, with which it has had to struggle, and the Disappointments it has met with. DAVID COLLINS, Lt. Govr. [Additional enclosures.] [Copies of these returns are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. (Despatches per ship Venus; acknowledged by Governor Macquarie, 8th March, 1810.) i Feb. 6th and 7th February, 1810. [Copies of these two despatches are not available.]

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 19 Feb. 19th February, 1810. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. (Despatch per ship Union.) 8 March. Sir, Government House, Sydney, 8th March, 1810. Despatches By the arrival of the Venus on the 27 Ulto., I was favoured acknowledged. with your Despatches dates as per Margin* The Statement you have made of the Settlement of Hobart­ town is very clear and Satisfactory, for which I beg you will * Marginal note.—2nd February, 1810, with six Enclosures; 6th Feby. : 7 Feby. MACQUARIE TO COLLINS. 435 accept my best thanks. Considering that Settlement (with the ISIO. advantage to be derived from the late discovery of Salt) of the veryfirst importanc e in a National point of View, I shall be most happy at all times to afford it, every aid and support in my power, and shall not fail to state my opinion of its great utility and importance in my first Dispatches to His Majesty's Min­ isters. It being my most anxious desire to liquidate the claims on Settlement of Government of the Norfolk Island Settlers, as soon as possible, settlers from it being an Act of Justice due to those unfortunate people, and Norfolk island. regretting that they have (perhaps unavoidably) remained so long unadjusted, you will please to signify to them that it is my intention to settle them as speedily as circumstances will admit; And that I shall give Orders to that effect, so soon as I shall receive the return and Statement of their claims, which in my former Dispatch of the 19th Ulto. I have called upon you to furnish. In the mean time to meet their claims for Government Ser- convicts sent vants in part, I now send you, per the Ship Union, Collins per snip Union. Master, Sixty Convicts, including as large a proportion of Mechanics as can be spared at present from the Public Works here, and with attention to the necessary demands of the other Dependencies. The accompanying List describes their Callings and Forms of Servitude. Such of them as are not Mechanics, it is my desire shall be distributed immediately on their arrival in proportion to their respective claims among the Norfolk Island Settlers. I am only enabled to extend the present limited relief, in consequence of the recent arrival from England of the Ship Ann with 197 Convicts, the greater part of whom it has been absolutely necessary to distribute among the Settlers in the adjacent Districts: but, being anxious to send you a further aid in this way when it may be in my power, I request you to send me as soon as possible an exact return of all the Convicts at present residing in the Settlement under your direction, specify­ ing how they are employed, and with whom serving. I coincide perfectly with you in the opinion that paying a settlement remuneration in Money for the Houses that Government is ?fclaims entitled to build for the Norfolk Island Settlers would be a saving to the Public and better for the people themselves; and I authorize you accordingly to settle with them in that way, agree­ ably to your own proposal. Some complaints having been made to me lately, by persons Return required from the Derwent, of the administration of Justice there, I pun^hme'nT' have to request that you will furnish me with a Report and 436 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. return of the names of all Persons, whether Free Men or Con­ 8 March. victs, who have been tried, imprisoned or otherwise punished with your approbation, at Hobart town or the adjacent Districts since the first day of January last, up to the date of your Making such return, with the Offences annexed, in order that I may ascertain how far such complaints are justly founded. Shipment of I regret that you did not receive the Wheat and Spirits from grain per ship Venus. the Ship Venus, according to the contract of Colonel Paterson with Mr. Burton, which specified that a certain proportion should be landed at the Derwent for the use of that Settlement, and, of which, you appear by your Letters to "the Late Lieut. Governor to have been fully apprized. The receiving of Provisions thus contracted for by the Head of the Government here would not have been departing from the Spirit of Lord Castlereagh's Instructions. Purchase of In future, when the Settlement over which you preside is in provisions. actual want of Provisions, You have my consent to purchase such as may be absolutely necessary on the most reasonable terms they can be procured, without waiting for my approval. Military per I now send a party, consisting of One Sergeant, One Cor­ ship Union. poral, and Twelve Privates of the 73rd Regiment, as an Escort for the Convicts now proceeding in the Ship Union to the Derwent; and as they belong to the Company of the 73rd now at Port Dalrymple, I request you will be so good as to send them thither by Land, as soon as the Convicts shall be disembarked at your Settlement, furnishing them with a proper Guide, a Cart to convey their Provisions and Baggage, and the necessary supply of Provisions for their March to Port Dalrymple. Payment for Having agreed to pay the Master of the Union at the rate of passage of military and Two pounds per Man for the Soldiers and Convicts, which he convicts. shall land at Hobart-Town, you will be pleased to pay him by drawing a Bill at Ninety days Sight on the Treasury in his favour for the amount. The Convicts now sent have had a complete suit of Slops issued to them yesterday, on their going on board the Union. I enclose you herewith a few Copies of a Proclamation which I have lately issued here, and which I request you will circulate in the Settlement of Hobarttown and give the fullest publicity to. I have, kc, L. MACQUARIE. [Enclosure.] [A copy of this proclamation will be found on page 278, volume VII, series I.] DESPATCHES

TO AND FROM

THE COMMANDANTS AT HOBART TOWN, 1810-1813.

In the interregnum between the death of lieutenant-governor Collins and the arrival of lieutenant-governor Davey, the government was administered by the following officers acting as commandants:—

Lieutenant Edward Lord.—24 March, 1810—8 July, 1810. Captain John Murray.—8 July, 1810—19 February, 1812. Major Andrew Geils— 20 February, 1812—4 February, 1813.

439

DESPATCHES.

LIEUTENANT LORD* TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. (Despatches per brig Cyclops; acknowledged by Governor Macquarie, 16th June, 1810.) 1810 30th and 31st March, 1810. —March. [Copies of these two despatches will be found on page 288, volume VII, series I.]

LIEUTENANT LORD TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. (Despatches per brig Cyclops; acknowledged by Governor Macquarie, 16th June, 1810.) 30th and 31st March, 1810. 1st, 1st, 2d, 2d, 2d, 2d, and 3d April, 1810. — April. [Copies of these nine despatches are not available.]

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO CAPTAIN MuRRAY.f Sir, Government House, Sydney, 15th June, 1810. i5June. 1. Herewith you will receive my Instructions of this date Appointment of for your information and guidance'as Commandant of Hobart comm^nXntat Town, and to which I must generally refer you, contenting my- Hobarttown. self in this Letter with calling your attention to some few important points not particularly specified in your general Instructions above adverted to. 2. Being particularly desirous to liquidate the Claims of all Liquidation the Norfolk Island Settlers now residing at the Derwent, I am settlers from to direct that yoii will lose no time in calling upon them to give Nor{olk lsland- you in a Correct Statement of them, accompanied by attested Copies of the Certificates in their Possession of the Cattle, Grain, and Houses left by them on the Island, and for which Com­ pensation is due to them from Government. This Statement, when obtained, you are to transmit to me with the least possible delay, in order to enable me to furnish you with the necessary Instructions for liquidating the whole of the Claims in question. I did intend to pay the Norfolk Island Settlers for the Houses they left there in Money and to discharge the rest of their Claims in Cattle; but in the event of your ascertaining from themselves that it would be more acceptable and also more convenient for them to receive the whole of the amount of their Claims in Cattle, you may inform them that I shall have no objection to adopt this mode of Payment for their accommodation. * Note 211. f Note 212. 440 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. 3. It is impossible for Government to build Houses for them 15 June. at the Derwent, agreeably to the promise held out to them' in Compensation Mr. Secretary Windham's Letter,* not having the necessary hands for houses. and other means of doing so; and therefore you are to inform them that they must content themselves with a reasonable re­ muneration for their Houses, to be paid them either in Cattle or in Money as may be most acceptable to them.

Address from 4. I received an Addressf some time since from the General settlers re Body of Settlers at the Derwent, to which I enclose herewith my price of grain and meat. Answer for you to deliver to them at an early period after your assuming the command of the Settlement. They complain of the reduction I ordered some time since to be made by the late Lt. Govr. Collins of the Price of grain and Animal Food, received from them for the use of His Majesty's Stores. I do not however understand that there is any real foundation for this Complaint; and therefore I can see no good reason at present for increasing the Price of either of those Articles of Pro­ visions. But should it appear to you, on a strict investigation of their circumstances, that the Settlers are really Sufferers by the reduction in question, you will make a report thereof to me by the earliest opportunity that offers, and I will then take into consideration the expediency of allowing them a higher Price for their Grain and Animal Food. Distribution 5. I must desire that you will, immediately on your taking of convicts. charge of the Settlement, inquire into the State of the Convicts and Government Servants now there, how employed, and how distributed; and as it appears to me, from a Statement I lately received from Lieut. Lord, that they are very unequally dis­ tributed, I must request you will make a more equal Distri­ bution of them amongst the Settlers, and not allow the Civil and Military officers to employ more Men than they are strictly entitled to by the Regulations of Government. Instructions 6. As Lieut. Lord has obtained my Leave to return to England re E. Lord and by thefirst convenient opportunity, you will signify to him on R. W. Loane. your arrival that his Services as a Magistrate at Hobart Town are no longer required; and that he is also to deliver over charge of his office of Inspector of the Public Works to Lieut. Wright of the 73d Regt., whom I have appointed to that Situation. You are also to signify to Mr. R. W. Loane, that his Services as a Magistrate at Hobart Town are no longer required. Seizure of 7. Lieut. Lord having reported to me in his last Dispatch that spirits. a Party of Soldiers had Seized about 400 Gallons of Spirits in possession of one of the Settlers at the Derwent, who had got it landed without a Permit, and that he had lodged the Spirits in a place of safety until such time as he should receive my orders

* Note 189. t Note 213. MACQUARIE TO MURRAY. 441 respecting the disposal of it, I have therefore now to direct that ISIO. you will order the Spirits in question to be delivered up to the isJune. Owner, on his paying the usual Duties (formerly paid at the Spirits to be Derwent) thereon, and also a fine for this Breach of the law; owner. which Fine is to be determined by a Bench of Magistrates, and paid to the Soldiers who Seized the Spirits. Lieut. Lord having also reported to me that he had detained at Hobart Town, for Detachment reasons which appear perfectly satisfactory, the Party of Capt. °l^^nt Kenny's Company of the 73d Regt. consisting of 1 Segt., 1 Corpl., and 12 Privates, which went from hence in the Union as an Escort to the Convicts sent to the Derwent in that Ship, I have to desire that they may be sent overland, immediately on your arrival, to join their Company at Port Dalrymple; sending with them a Cart to carry their Baggage, and a Guide to shew them the way thither. 8. As it may prove of great public utility that the Communi- Communication cation between the two Stations of Hobart Town and Port Dal- Da^rympL rymple overland should be more effectually opened, I request you will Correspond with Major Gordon* on this Subject, and in con­ junction with him make such arrangements as may appear adviseable for establishing two or three intermediate Posts be­ tween the two Stations for keeping at all times the Communi­ cation open, and for conveying Dispatches and Letters from one Place to the other. Two or three Steady Sober Men at most will be Sufficient for being Stationed at each of the proposed Posts. 9. On your arrival at Hobart Town, you will Encamp at a Military to be Short and convenient Distance from the Town the Detachment Hobart town. of officers and Soldiers of the 73d Regt. under your Command, and prevent as much as possible the Soldiers having any imme­ diate intercourse with the Inhabitants; and, as you have a proportion of Camp Equipage embarked along with you. for this purpose, it will be adviseable to keep the Detachment Encamped until such time as you can erect temporary Barracks for them. Erection of This however is a Measure that requires most serious con- barracks' sideration, and in the execution of which you must observe every possible degree of economy. In the present Infant State of the Settlement, and with the inadequate means the Govern­ ment at present possess of carrying on Public Works there, it would be highly injudicious and imprudent to commence build­ ing Barracks of a permanent nature on a large scale; and I am therefore to direct that you will only erect temporary ones Suffi­ cient to accommodate the Detachment of Troops under your command at as small an expense as possible, consistently with the comfort of the Troops.

» Note 214. 442 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. 10. Terence Flynn and Job Stokes, two Criminals tried here 15 June. at the last Criminal Court now under Sentence of Death, the Convicts to be former found guilty of Murder, and the latter of Burglary, at executed at the Derwent. the Derwent, now proceed thither on board the King George, for the purpose of undergoing the Sentence of the law as near the Spot where the offences were committed as possible. I en­ close you herewith the Warrants for their Execution, leaving the time thereof blank to befilled u p by you after your arrival at Hobart Town, when you have determined upon the proper day and place for the Execution taking place. You will take care that the Troops Shall attend the Execution of those two Crim­ inals, and that it Shall be conducted with all due form and Solemnity so as to render it as awful and impressive as possible to the Inhabitants of the Settlement. Memorandum 11. You will receive herewith a Copy of a Memorandum* I by W. Bligh. received from Governor Bligh previous to his recent departure hence for England, respecting certain Persons now residing at the Derwent. I do not wish you by any means to act upon the information and Suggestions it Contains, but merely to keep it by you to refer to when any of the Persons named in it may come in your way, or when any of them may happen to make application to you for any particular indulgence, or State any grievance they may labour under. Charter of ship 12. I enclose you herewith a Copy of the Charter Party I have King George. entered into with the Owners of the Colonial Ship King George, which conveys yourself and your Detachment to the Derwent; and I am to direct that yon take especial care to see that the terms of the Charter Party are Strictly fulfilled, and that the Ship be not at the Derwent a moment beyond the time therein limited. General orders. 13. I also enclose you herewith Extracts of late Government and General Orders* issued here by me, and which I desire may be published to the Troops and Inhabitants at the Derwent on your arrival there. Public records. 14. With the other Public Records,+ Books and Papers of the Settlement, you will receive from Lieut. Lord His Majesty's Patentf for establishing the Settlement of Hobart Town; of which last Document I am to desire you will transmit to me an Attested Copy by thefirst goo d opportunity. 15. You will not fail to write to me by every opportunity that offers, to apprize me of the state of the Settlement under your command. I have, &c, L. MACQUARIE.

Note 215. Note 216. MACQUARIE TO MURRAY. 443 [Enclosure No. 1.] isio. INSTRUCTIONS for Capt. Jno. Murray of the 73d Regt., Com- loJ^e- mandant of the Settlement of Hobart Town in Van Die- instructions to John Murray. men s Land. BY His Excellency , Esqr., Govr. & Comr. in Chief of the Territory of N. S. Wales and its Dependencies, etc. etc. etc. Sir, Having by my Government Order* of this day's date Appointment as appointed You to be Commandant of the Settlement of Hobart commantlal1t- Town in Van Diemen's Land, and reposing especial trust and confidence in your Zeal,fidelity, judgmen t and abilities for dis­ charging the Duties of that important office, you are hereby directed to follow and be governed generally by the following Instructions, or such further orders and Directions as you may from time to time receive from me, or from the Officer Com­ manding in Chief in this Territory for the time being, for your future guidance. 1st. You will embark on receipt of these Instructions on board To embark the Colonial Ship King George, with the Officers, Soldiers, King George. Women and Children of the 73d Regt., and other Persons in the Service of Government, specified in the Marginf; and pro­ ceed with them with every possible expedition to Hobart Town, on the River Derwent, in Van Diemen's Land. 2. The Judge Advocate will deliver you a Precept appointing Appointment you a Justice of Peace and Magistrate at the Settlement of of maslstrates- Hobart Town; and Mr. Leonard Fosbrook Dy. Commissary has also been appointed a Justice of Peace and Magistrate in the said Settlement. 3. Immediately on your arrival at Hobart Town, you are to Assumption announce your appointment to Lieut. Edward Lord of the Royal of eommand- Marine Corps, at present the Senior Officer there, and assume the Command of that Settlement, publishing my General Orders of this date, for the information of the Civil and Military and other Inhabitants of the Settlement, appointing you to be Com­ mandant thereof. 4th. As soon as you have publickly announced yourself in Survey of Orders as Commandant of the Settlement, you are to order a pu lcproper Committee of Officers to take a regular and exact account of all Stores, Provisions, Grain and Cattle belonging to the Crown, now in the Settlement of Hobart Town; and of which Survey * Note 217. T Marginal note.—l Capt. ; 3 Subalterns; 1 Asst. Surgeon; 5 Serjts. ; 5 Corpls.; 2 Drumrs.; 93 Privates; 18 Women & 20 Children of the 73d Regt.; Mr^ Leonard Fosbrook, Dy. Commissary; Mr. Wm. Hopley, Asst. Surgeon; 1 Serjt. & 2 Privates )f the Royal Marines. 444 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. you will transmit to me a Copy by thefirst opportunity. Im­ 15 June. mediately after this Survey has been taken, Mr. Harris, the Instructions to present Acting Dy. Commissary, will deliver over Charge of the John Murray. Commissariat Department to Mr. Fosbrook, the Dy. Commissary Control of commissariat. who now accompanies you. The Commissary here will furnish Mr. Fosbrook, the Dy. Commissary at Hobart Town, with In­ structions for his guidance, and which you are most strictly to enforce. Accounts to 5th. You are to signify to the Officer whom you relieve at be settled by Hobart Town, that he is to Settle and close all his Public E. Lord. Accounts up to the Day of his delivering over the Charge of that Settlement to you; and you are consequently to give Public Notice to the Inhabitants that you will not hold yourself respon­ sible for any Debts or Demands whatsoever, that they may have against Government, for either Grain or Meat or other articles delivered into the Stores, or for works done for Government, prior to the date of your taking charge of the Settlement. Stock and 6. As the increase of Stock and Grain are of the utmost im­ grain. portance to the Settlement, you are to adopt and pursue such Measures as may Seem most likely to produce this effect, and particularly to restrain any wanton or extravagant destruction Purchase of of Stock or Grain. For such Purchases of Provisions as you provisions. may have occasion to make on account of Government, the Depy. Commissary is to grant his .Receipts until an opportunity offers for drawing Bills on the Commissary here for the amount there' of; Which Bills must be vouched by you, after you have com­ pared them with the Dy. Commissary's Account of Purchases. Contracts. 7. You are not to engage Shipping or enter into any Contracts for the Supply of Grain or Provisions from any distant Place, without previously Submitting the same to me and getting my approbation of such Engagements or Contracts, unless in cases of the utmost emergency, which it is expected will very rarely occur, and then you are to take care to make such contracts on fair and reasonable terms, and not for a larger Supply than may be absolutely required. Maximum 8. For such Grain and animal Food as you may have occasion prices for grain aod meat. to Purchase from the Settlers or others for the use of Govern­ ment, you are not on any account to pay more than Twelve Shillings per Bushel for Wheat, and not more than Ninepence Per Pound for Beef, Pork or Mutton, nor more than Sixpence Pr. Pound for Kangaroo Flesh, should you at any time be reduced to the Necessity of Purchasing Meat of that description. 9. You are on no account to draw Bills on the Lords of the Treasury at Home, nor to correspond with any of His Majesty's MACQUARIE TO MURRAY. 445

Ministers without my permission. Your own Salary as Com- ISIO. mandant will continue till further orders to be the same as 15 June' hitherto allowed to the Officer Acting as Lieut. Governor of the instructions to mI Settlement of Hobart Town, namely, Four Hundred & Fifty s° "' Pounds Pr. Annum, and which is only to commence from the clay of your assuming the command of that Settlement. Your Salary as Commandant will be included in the General Estimate of this Govt., and will be paid to your order by the Commissary at Head Quarters annually. The other Civil Officers at Hobart Town, whose appointments have been made or confirmed from Home, will continue to draw on the Colonial Agent in England for their Salaries in the same Manner as heretofore. 10. The Officer, Commanding the Detachment of the Roval subsistence Marines now at Hobart Town, will also continue to draw his own and the Men's Subsistence in the same manner as heretofore by Bills on England. The Subsistence of the Detachment of the 73d Regt. now sent with you to Hobart Town, you will of course draw for Monthly on the Regimental Paymr. at the Head Quarters of the Regiment here. 11. You will not fail by all proper methods to enforce a due Observance of observance of Religion and good order, and you will take such leislon- Steps for the Celebration of Public Worship (especially upon the Lord's Day) and the Celebration of Marriages, as circum­ stances will permit; taking particular care to prevent any pro­ fanation of the Sabbath Day by idle and profligate People. It is vitai . highly necessary that a Yearly Return of all Marriages, Births, and Deaths within the Settlement under your command should be made and transmitted to me; as also of the escape of any Convicts who may run off from the Settlement. 12. On your arrival at Hobart Town, and during the con- Conciliation . • j. , .of natives. tmuance ot your command, you are to use every means m your Power to conciliate the good will of the Natives; enjoining all Persons within your command to live in amity and kindness with them; and all acts of violence against them, or interruption given them in the exercise of their several occupations, are to be Punished according to the degree of the Offence. 13. You are to pay particular attention to the State of the Public works. Public Works and Buildings of whatever nature, taking care to keep them in suitable and good repair; and whenever any additional Works or Buildings shall become necessary, you are to report the same to me, with a full description of their use, extent, and probable expence of erecting or constructing them. 14. All applications made for Grants of Lands by Settlers or Applications Emancipated Convicts are to be transmitted to me, accompanied for land grarts' by your own observations, as well on the circumstances of the 446 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. Grants themselves, as on the Merits and Claims of the Persons 15 June. applying for them; together with exact descriptions of the Allot­ Instructions to ments of Land proposed to be made to them. John Murray. 15. The Clandestine introduction of Spirits into the Settle­ Spirit traffic. ment must be guarded against with the utmost vigilance; and you are to be extremely cautious in granting Licenses for the retail of Spirituous Liquors, confining them to as few Persons as possible; and thefirst instance of irregularity in a retailer of Spirituous Liquors should deprive him of his Licence. Appointment 16. Upon the Death or Suspension of any Civil Officer on the of officials. Establishment of the Settlement under your command, you are hereby authorized to appoint any proper Person for the execution of the Duties of such officer until my pleasure shall be known, and you are to transmit to me at the same time your reason for such Suspension. Criminals to 17. As there are not a Sufficient number of Naval and Military be tried at Officers at present at the Settlement of Hobart Town to compose Sydney. a Court of Criminal Jurisdiction conformably to the tenor of the Patent, all Persons who may be guilty of serious crimes and mis­ demeanours are to be sent to Head Quarters at Sydney by the first convenient opportunity accompanied by the necessary Evi­ dences. Petty or Slight Offences will of course be taken cog­ nizance of by a Bench of Magistrates; which of course you are hereby authorized to assemble as often as there may be occasion for your so doing. Courts of civil 18. There being a regular Dy. Judge Advocate* appointed from jurisdiction. home on the Establishment of the Settlement of Hobart Town and now residing there, you are hereby authorized to issue the usual Precepts and orders for holding Courts of Civil Juris­ diction there for the Trial of all Civil Suits,t conformably to the tenor of the Patent^ for establishing that Settlement. Courts martial. 19. You are of course empowered by the Articles of War to try Soldiers for Petty Offences by Detachment or Garrison Courts Martial, approve the Sentences thereof and carry the same into execution without any reference to me. But should any Officer or Soldier of your Detachment be guilty of a serious crime that you may deem afit Subjec t for the investigation of a General Court Martial, he must be sent by thefirst convenient oppor­ tunity to Head Quarters accompanied by the necessary Evi­ dences, to stand his Trial before a General Court Martial. Police. 20. You are to establish as good a Police in the Settlement under your Command as your means will admit of, with the view to preserve the Peace and tranquility of it; and to exert yourself to the utmost in exciting the Inhabitants to Sobriety and industry, religion, and Morality.

* Note 218. Note 219. JNote 216. MACQUARIE TO MURRAY. 447

21. You are to send me a Quarterly Return and State of the ISIO. Settlement under your orders (commencing from the date of 15 Jl'"e' your taking charge thereof) by such opportunities as may occur; instructions to in which you must particularly Specify the Quantity of Pro- ' ' a, visions remaining in Store, the Quantity Purchased during the transmitted. preceding three Months, and the number and description of Per­ sons, Civil and Military, who are Victualled by the Crown. 22. In order to prevent by every possible precaution the escape Control of of any of the Convicts from the Settlement under your Com- oversea traffle- mand, you are to take particular care that all clandestine com­ munication with the Possessions of the East India Company, as well as the Coast of China, and the Islands situated in that part of the World, to which any intercourse has been established by any European Nation, should be prevented as far as can be done, except in so far as the same may be authorized by the Governor General in India, the Governors of the respective Presidencies there, or myself. You are also expressly commanded not to allow Craft of any sort to be built for the use of Private Indi­ viduals, without a written License from me. 23. You are to afford every assistance and Protection in your Encouragement power to the Private Colonial Vessels that have my Permission ° sealng ' to Navigate in Bass's Straits and about the Coasts of this Terri­ tory, for the purpose of Procuring Seal Skins and Oil. 24. Should any Ships or Vessels belonging to Powers at amity Relief for ships with His Majesty put into the River Derwent in distress, youi n distress- will relieve their wants so as to enable them to come to this Place; but you are on no account whatever to spare them a greater Quantity of the Provisions or Stores which may be at your disposal, than is Sufficient for the above purpose alone; and you are not to suffer any Foreigner to build Vessels. 25. In distributing the Clothing to the Convicts under your Half-yearly Charge (Half Yearly), it must be clearly explained to each In- 5X,£ dividual at the time of receiving the same, that it is to be his or her Clothing for the ensuing Six Months, and that no deviation from this rule will be permitted, except upon very urgent occasions Satisfactorily explained. 26. On the Subject of the Stocks of Cattle belonging to the down Crown, I have only further to remark, in addition to the orders live stock- contained in the 6th Paragraph of these Instructions, that none can be alienated to Individuals without permission from me; and that should any applications or causes exist for requiring the same, it is to be understood that, of the Horned Cattle, none but the Bengal Cattle, or one remove from them, can be purchased. You will direct the Superintendant of this valuable Property to 448 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. take especial care that the Sheep are to be permitted to breed 15 June. only once a Year and he is to possess you regularly of Returns Instructions to of the whole, which you will have forwarded to me Quarterly. John Murray. Commissary to 27. You will take care to apprize the Depy. Commissary that he communicate is not on any account to draw Bills on the Lords of the Treasury with Sydney. for any Purchases he may have occasion to make on account of Government; neither is he to correspond with them, nor with any of the other Public Offices at Home on the Subject of his Public Accounts; all of which must be regularly transmitted to the Commissary at Head Quarters conformably to the Instruc­ tions that he has received from that Officer. Economy to 28. I must recommend to you in the strongest manner to be practised, observe the Strictest economy in the expenditure of Public Money, Stores, and Provisions; and that you will most carefully avoid putting Government to any useless or unnecessary ex- pence of any sort whatsoever. In pursuance of this particular part of your Instructions, you are to reduce and entirely abolish useless and unnecessary Public Offices and appointments that may appear to you to be such on your taking charge of the Settle­ ment of Hobart Town; notwithstanding such appointments may have been made and sanctioned by the late Lieut. Governor Collins. Abolition of 29. The appointment of Naval Officer, being one of this appointment of description, you will abolish immediately from the date of your naval officer. taking the Command of the Settlement; signifying to the Officer who holds that Situation at present that I have directed it to be abolished as an unnecessary office. The Person doing the Duty of Pilot having so little to do in that Line, can very easily per­ form also the Duties of Naval Officer at the Derwent, and you Inspector of will accordingly order him to do so. The Office of Inspector of oublic works. the Public Works may eventually be necessary, and therefore is to be continued. I have accordingly appointed Lieutenant Wright of the 73d Regiment to that Office, and to which he is to succeed on your taking the command of the Settlement; re­ ceiving the same Salary as has been hitherto paid to the Officers who have held it. In regard to all the other Smaller Offices and appointments; I leave you at liberty to use your discretion in continuing such as may appear really useful, and abolishing all such as you may deem to be otherwise. Regulation of 30. You will on taking charge of the Settlement inform your­ duties and self of what Duties and Taxes have hitherto been levied there on taxes. Spirits, Goods, and Merchandize imported into it, and frame such further Regulations respecting them as may appear to you to be adviseable, and which you are to transmit to me by the earliest opportunity for my final approval. You will in future • MACQUARIE TO MURRAY. 449 direct a Duty of 3s. Pr. Gallon to be collected on all Spirits mo. imported into the Settlement under your command, and also such loJu "e- Duties and Taxes as may appear reasonable on all goods and j"^™^""810 Packages landed at Hobart Town not the property of Govern­ ment. 31. All such Duties and Taxes as may be collected in the Police fund to manner above directed are to be formed into a Public Fund and bl to be denominated "The Police Fund of Hobart Town"; a Quarterly Return and account of which is to be regularly trans­ mitted to me, stating the Receipts and Disbursements during the preceding Quarter. 32. Out of this Fund is to be paid all fair expences incurred Expenditure m P on account of the Police Establishment; and also the Salaries fUn . ° of such Colonial Offices and Appointments as are not provided for in the Parliamentary Estimate transmitted annually from Home to the Governor in Chief of this Territory. The office of Inspector of the Public Works is of this description and conse­ quently the Salary annexed to it is to be Paid in future out of the Police Fund, as well as all others of a Similar denomination. It is highly necessary that you should inform yourself, from the Officer whom you relieve, how the Duties and Taxes collected hitherto at Hobart Town, have been appropriated; and you will not fail to report to me the result of your inquiries on this important point. 33. It is proper you should be apprized that there is embarked Provisions on the Colonial Ship King George the following Articles of Pro- ^Mp6*1 visions for the use of the Settlement of Hobart Town, Vizt. King George. 26,880 Pounds of Salt Beef; 15,900 Pounds of Salt Pork; 475 Bushels of Maize in Cob, and 297 Bushels of Maize Shelled. The wet Provisions, calculating at 1,000 Full Rations, will last for Two Months for the number of Persons to be Victualled at Hobart Town after the arrival there of your Detachment. The Ship has not room to stow more Dry Provisions than the Quantity above mentioned, otherwise a sufficient Quantity to last for two Months would also have been sent in her of that Article. Besides the Provisions above mentioned, there is embarked on board the King George three Weeks Provisions of every descrip­ tion (Spirits excepted) for the Troops and Passengers going in her to the Derwent, calculating the number of full Rations at 170. Whatever Surplus Provisions may remain in the Ship of this Quantity, on her arrival at the Derwent, will of course be delivered over by the Master of the King George to the Dy. Commissary for the use of the Settlement. There are also a Quantity of various Stores, including Some Medicines and one Pair of Mill Stones, embarked on board the King George for the

SEE. III. VOL. I—2 F 450 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. use of the Settlement at Hobart Town; and of which the Com­ 15 June. missary has furnished Mr. Fosbrook the Dy. Commissary with a Instructions to regular Invoice. John Murray. Vacancy in 34. I have now only to add that, in case of your death, or command of absence from the Command of the Settlement of Hobart Town, settlement. it is my pleasure that the charge of the Settlement shall devolve upon the Officer next in command of the Detachment now to be sent thither, until such time as the Person who may be appointed by me to succeed you Shall arrive; and for this purpose the neces­ sary Notification is in such case to be made to me with the least possible delay. I have, &e., L. MACQUARIE, Govr. in Chief of N. S. Wales. Head Quarters, Government House, Sydney, 16th June, 1810. Salaries of P.S.—I deem it necessary to apprize you, that the Salaries of officials. Mr. Fosbrook, the Depy. Commissary, and of Lieut. Wright as Inspector of the Public Works, are only to commence from the date of your assuming the Command of that Settlement. L.M. [Enclosure No. 2.] MEMORANDUM for Capt. Murray; Private & Confidential. Inquiry re THE Prisoner Terence Flynn, lately tried at Sydney for the guilt of Murder of Thomas Dawson at Hobart Town in Van Diemen's T. Flynn. Land, of which he was convicted and for which he is now under Sentence of Death, having all along denied the Crime and per­ sisted in his innocence of the said Murder, and having also declared that he was refused the privilege of having the Evi­ dences he required for his Defence sent with him to Sydney by the Officer now Commanding at Hobart Town, I am to direct that you will immediately on your arrival at Hobart Town, strictly investigate this affair, by calling before you the several Persons the Prisoner has named as Evidences for him, and ex­ amine them on Oath; as also Such other Persons as are named in the Defence of the Prisoner, now delivered to you herewith for your further information. This Examination must be taken down by yourself and in a Private Manner, having only one or two confidential Friends present with you. Bellingham, the Marine, whom the Prisoner Flynn accuses of having fired at and killing Dawson, must be very strictly ex­ amined, as well as the rest of the Soldiers who were with him on the Night Dawson was Shot. In case it should appear to you after having Strictly examined all those Men on Oath, that there is any good reason to snppoze that Flynn is not guilty of the crime of Murdering Dawson, you will Suspend his Execution till my further pleasure is MACQUARIE TO LORD. 451 known, transmitting to me, by the earliest opportunity that offers, mo. the result of your investigation of this serious and important 15 June- affair. Given under my hand at Government House, Sydney, this 17th Day of June, 1810. L. MACQUARIE.

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO LIEUTENANT LORD. (Despatch per ship King George.) Sir, Government House, Sydney, 16th June, 1810. 16 June. 1. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Despatches Several Letters as per Margin,* delivered to me by Mr. Fosbrook, acknowledsed- who arrived here in the Colonial Brig Cyclops from the River Derwent on the 20th of April last. 2. I most sincerely condole with you on the very unexpected Death of and mournful event of the death of Colonel Collins, the late avi ° ins' Lieut. Governor of Hobart Town. His Sudden Death must have been a Severe blow to you as his particular friend, and the Melancholy event is much to be lamented in a Public point of view in the infancy of the Settlement which he had formed, and over which he had so long presided. 3. I regret to learn that your late Friend Colonel Collins has Realisation of hns left so little Personal Property as scarcely to be sufficient to cover effects the Debts he owed in the Settlement. I entirely approve of the mode you propose of disposing of his Effects by Public Auction; and, if this has not already been done, I request you may carry your intention into execution immediately on receipt of this Letter, remitting the amount of his Effects to his Agent or nearest lawful Heir at Home, after discharging all his just Debts. 4. On so affecting and mournful an occasion, it is extremely Adverse painful to me to be under the disagreeable necessity of express- criticism of ing my disapprobation of any measure that you judged proper to on funeral. adopt to do honor to the memory of so old and respectable an Officer as the late Colonel Collins; but a sense of Public Duty, paramount to every consideration of Private feeling, compels me to disapprove of the heavy expence you thought proper to incur on the occasion of his Funeral.f However well intended on your part, it is a measure that I cannot hope will be sanctioned by His Majesty's Ministers; and I have been accordingly under the pain­ ful necessity of declining to approve of the Bills you drew in favor of Mr. Ingle for the amount of the Funeral Expences of the late Lieut. Governor. At the same time, from respect for the * Marginal note.—30th, 30th, 31st, 31st, 31st March, 1st, 1st, 2d, 2d, 2d, 2d, 3d April, 1810. fMote 220. 452 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. memory of the deceased, and making fair allowances for your 16 June. Zeal and good intentions, I have written to the Secretary of State on the Subject, and have strongly recommended that the Bills you have drawn on this occasion may be duly honored, and which I trust and hope they will be. John Murray 5. In consequence of the death of Col. Collins I have deemed appointed it expedient to appoint Captain John Murray* of the 73d Regi­ commandant. ment to be Commandant of the Settlement of Hobart Town until further orders, or until such time as a Lieut. Governor shall be appointed by His Majesty to govern that Settlement. Capt. Murray, with a Complete Company of the 73d Regiment, accord­ ingly now proceeds in the Colonial Ship King George, to the Derwent; and I am to direct that, on his arrival there, you will deliver him over charge of the Settlement of Hobart Town, and obey such Orders as he may have occasion to give you, con­ formably to the Instructions I have furnished him with for his guidance. Reinstatement 6. I have reinstatedf Mr. Fosbrook as Dy. Commissary at the of L. Fosbrook. Derwent, and he now accompanies Capt. Murray to resume his appointment. Return of 7. Asst. Surgeon Hopley returns also to his Duty at the Der­ W. Hopley. went by this opportunity. The Serjeint and the two Privates of the Royal Marines, together with the other Evidences who were sent up sometime since from the Derwent, return thither likewise on board the King George. Prisoners 8. The Prisoners, Terence Flynn and Job Stokes, having been sent for convicted of the Crimes with which they were respectively execution at the Derwent. charged, and Sentence of Death having been passed upon them, they are now sent on board the King George to undergo the Sentence of the law at Hobart Town, it being desirable that they should both be executed as near the Spot where the Offences were committed as possible. Land grants 9. I herewith enclose you two absolute and six Conditional and pardons. Pardons for the Persons Specified in your Letter of the 1st of April, together with 3 Grants of Land as Specified in the Mar- gin.J I am concerned I cannot at present comply with your request of granting an Absolute Pardon to James Grove, the crime for which he was transported having been a Forgery on the Bank and of too serious a nature to admit of my extending the Royal Mercy to him without a further knowledge of his character.

* Note 212. t Note 221. t Marginal note.—Free Pardons: 1 Mary Hayes; 2 Dennis McCarty. Conditional Do.: 1 John Willis; 2 Joseph Johnson; 3 Peter Douglas: 4 Ambrose Ridcourt; 5 John Birchell; 6 William Healey. Grants of Land:—1 Revd. Mr. Knopwood; 2 Lieut. Lord ; 3 Chaplain for the time being. MACQUARIE TO LORD. 453

10. The Nine Head of Horned Cattle belonging to -the late ISIO. Colonel Collins cannot be Purchased by Government, my In- 16 June. structions not authorizing me to make any Purchase of this description. 11. I approve of your having detained the Detachmt. of the Military 73d Regt. at Hobart Town for the reasons stated in your letter detained at of the 30th of March. They will of course be sent to Port Dal- Hobart town- rymple on Capt. Murray's arrival at the Derwent. 12. The 400 Gallons of Spirits, seized by a Party of Soldiers spirits to be some time since at Hobart Town, belonging to one of the Settlers ^"er.ed l° and landed there without a Permit, must be given up to the Owner on his paying the usual Duties on the same, together with a reasonable Fine for a breach of the law, which Fine is to be determined by a Bench of Magistrates, and paid to the Soldiers who seized the Spirits. 13. I have given Instructions to Capt. Murray to liquidate Liquidation the claims of all the Norfolk Island Settlers now at the Der- "^"from went as soon as circumstances will admit of. I am, however, Norfolk island. concerned to observe that the late Lt. Governor should have agreed to pay the only one of them he settled with so very high a Price as £100 for the Buildings he left at Norfolk Island, which is far beyond the real value of the best of them by the accounts I have received of them from those who were on the Spot, when the Settlers now at the Derwent left Norfolk Island. I cannot therefore approve of this Price being paid to the Settlers in question. 14. I received the Address* you enclosed me from the Settlers Address from at the Derwent, and I have sent them my answer to it by Capt. settlers- Murray; assuring them of my Patronage and support and that I shall always be ready to attend to any reasonable request coming from them; but that at present I do not see that there is any necessity for. increasing the Price of Grain or Animal Food furnished by them for the use of Government. 15. In consequence of what you have stated in regard to the Leave of impaired state of your health, and of the Certificate you have £b L^rd/0" transmitted to me, I have no objection to your proceeding to England by thefirst convenient opportunity for the recovery of it, with Leave to be absent from your Duty for Twelve Months from the date of your Embarkation. You will receive herewith a Separate Letter of this date from my Secretary, containing your Leave of Absence, which I am sorry I cannot extend beyond twelve months, a longer period not being allowed by the King's Regulations. 16. As you have obtained Leave of absence to return to Eng­ land, I have appointed Lieut. Wright of the 73d Regt. to the

* Note 213. 454 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. Office at present held by you of Lnspector o£ the Public Works, 16 June. and for which you v, ill deliver over charge to him on his arrival at Hobart Town. I have, &c, L. MACQUARIE.

LIEUTENANT LORD TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. (Despatch per brig ; acknowledged by Governor Macquarie, 2nd February, 1811.) 14 Dec. Sir, Hobart Town, 14th Deer., 1810. Death of I have thought it a Duty incumbent on me to avail myself G. P. Harris. of the Active's Departure for Sydney to inform Your Excel­ lency that on my Arrival here, I had the Mortification to learn that Mr. Harris the late Actg. Dy. Commissy. had departed this Life on the 16th of October after a few days Hlness. Settlement of In Obedience to Your Excellency's instructions, I have nearly claims by E. Lord. completed the payment of the Claims on Government, during the periods of the late Lieut. Governor Collins and my Command here—Although I am sorry to observe, I have met with Consider­ able difficulty in doing so from the very deranged State of Mr. Harris's Papers and the absence of several very material docu­ ments which I apprehend must have been lost or destroyed during Mr. Harris's illness, as Captain Murray had taken the pre­ caution to have his papers sealed immediately after his Decease. Under these Circumstances I shall feel myself obliged by Youi Excellency, noticing the Death of Mr. Dy. Corny. Harris in your next Dispatch to His Majesty's Ministers, and also your having instructed me, in the Event of any Accident happening to Mr. Harris, to liquidate the Claims of Individuals on Government by drawing Bills myself on His Majesty's Treasury. Delay in As it may appear extraordinary to His Majesty's Ministers, settlement that the expences incurred, during the latter part of the late of claims. Colonel Collins' Command and my Own, should not have been finally settled before this, I shall feel myself further obliged by Your Excellency's intimating that it did not Arise from any Neglect or Omission on my part. Having reason to hope an opportunity will shortly offer for my Availing myself of your Excellency's leave of Absence, I shall be happy to be the Bearer of any Dispatches you may think proper to honor me with. I beg leave to express the high Sense of Gratitude I entertain for the very polite Attention I received from Mrs. Macquarie and yourself during my residence at Sydney. I beg my most respect­ ful Compliments to Mrs. Macquarie. And have the honor to subscribe myself with Sentiments of profound respect, &c, kc, EDWARD LORD. LORD TO MACQUARIE. 455

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO LIEUTENANT LORD. ISII. (Despatch per ship Aurora.) Sir, Sydney, 2nd Feby., 1811. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Letter Despatch of the 14th of December last, received per the American Brig ack™wledsed- Active on the 29th of that Month. I was much concerned to hear of the death of Mr. Harris, the Public Depy. Surveyor, which must have been a great loss and dis­ appointment to you in as far as he was concerned in making up your Public Accounts; which however, I trust, you will be able to make out in such manner as to give Satisfaction at Home. When I write to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, I Bills drawn shall not fail to mention that I gave you authority to draw Bills by K Lord' yourself on the Lords of the Treasury to Liquidate the Claims of Individuals on Government during the late Lt. Governor Col­ lins's and your own administration of the Settlement of the Derwent, in the event of any accident happening to Mr. Harris the late Acting Commissary at that Settlement. But I cannot with equal propriety take upon me to state to D^ayin His Majesty's Ministers that it did not arise from any neglect of accounts. or omission of yours that the Public Accounts of the Settlement of the Derwent have remained so long unsettled, excepting in the short delay occasioned by Captain Murray's interference with your drawing the necessary Bills, of which I have expressed to him by marked disapprobation. It will therefore remain with yourself to assign the proper reasons at Home for the delay that took place in settling those Accounts previous to Captain Mur­ ray's assuming the Command. I hope you will soon have a good opportunity of proceeding to England direct from the Derwent, and that you will have a Safe and Speedy Passage. I am, &c, L. MACQUARIE.

LIEUTENANT LORD TO GOVERNOR. MACQUARIE. Sir, Sydney, 15th March, 1811. is March. In obedience to Your Excellency's Commands, contained Report re in Mr. Secretary Campbell's letter to me, of the 13th Instant, I L' Fosbrook- have the honor to state that, shortly after my return to the Derwent, the report* relative to Mr. Fosbrook was in very general circulation, and fully credited, at Hobarttown; altho' to the best of my recollection, I never had any conversation, with Captain Murray, on the subject, I have every reason to believe, the Com­ mandant was perfectly acquainted with every particular. I have, &c, EDWARD LORD. * Note 221. 456 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1811. LIEUTENANT LORD TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. 15 March. Sir, Sydney, 15th March, 1811. Allegations re In answer to Mr. Secretary Campbell's letter of this date, L. Fosbrook. containing Your Excellency's directions, I have the honor to- reply that the alledged circumstance relating to Mr. Fosbrook could not come within my own personal knowledge, from my being in this Country at the period it is said to have taken place. I have, &c, EDWARD LORD.

CAPTAIN MURRAY TO SECRETARY CAMPBELL.

17 Aug. Sir, Commandant's Office, Hobarttown, 17th August, 1811, Payment of Inclosed I have the honour to hand you a Bill on Mr. fees on land Birch for £8 9s lOd. Stg., being the amount of your account for grants and pardons. Fees* on Grants of Land and Pardons for here and Port Dal­ rymple, though some are not yet received; it must have been through some mistake that it was not discharged by Mr. Fosbrook while at Sydney. The Letter respecting the late Tho. Gregory shall be forwarded per the next conveyance, it being at present mislaid. I am, kc, J. MURRAY. [Enclosure.] [-4. copy of this statement is not available.]

MEMORANDUM! for Captain Murray, Commandant at Hobart Town. 1 Dec. Sunday, 1st December, 1811. Instructions to 1st. To direct the Church to befinished as soon as possible. J. Murray re 2d. To have the Government House Completely repaired with Public buildings. as little Delay as possible, and to be new roofed and shingled, should it appear necessary to do so; to ascertain which the Premises must be surveyed by a Competent Committee of Mechanics. 3d. To discontinue the building of the New Military Bar­ racks for the present, as what is already built of the Walls Must be Condemned and taken down on account of its Insufficiency. bad Materials and illjudged Situation. 4th. To prepare Timber of every Necessary Description and also Bricks and Lime for Erecting a proper new Military Bar­ rack for 200 Men, and a Military Hospital for 30 Men on the Summit of "Barrack Hill," agreeably to a Plan that Shall be transmitted to the Commandant from Sydney by the Governor

* Note 222. Note 223. MACQUARIE TO MURRAY. 457

at an early future Period. Materials Must also be prepared for ISII. Erecting Barracks for the usual proportion of Commissioned ] Dec- Officers for the above mentioned Number of 200 Men. instructions to J. Murrsv vc 5th. To place Mr. John Ingles, his wife and two children, on indulgences for the Stores for 18 Months from this date, in Consideration of his J'Ingle' being directed by the Secretary of State to receive the usual Indulgences of a Free Settler. He is also to receive five oxen from the Government Herds on granting his Bond to pay for the same in Money or Grain in 18 Months; Five Hundred Acres of- Land are likewise to be located to him, and, as soon as they can be spared, he is to have two Government Men assigned to him, who are to be victualled and Clothed at the Expence of the Crown for Twelve Months. 6th. To locate SO Acres of Land in Clarence Plains for the Land for son eldest Son of Edward Garth, Norfolk Island Settler. ofE - Garth- 7th. To Assign a Government Man on the Store to Mr. Bate, Convict Deputy Judge Advocate, till further orders. for^Bate; 8th. To Assign also for two Months only a Government Man and for on the Stores to Mr. Hibbins,* Settler in New Norfolk. T- Hibbil1s- 9th. The Commandant to take particular Care not to permit Prices the Deputy Commissary to purchase or pay for any of the provisions. °r following articles of Provisions, etc., that may be required for the Use and on Account of the Crown after the 31st of the present Month of December more than the Prices herein annexed to them respectively, vizt. From Foreign Vessels. For Salted Beef and Pork when pur­ chased in equal Quantities .... Seven pence p'r pound. For Salted Beef alone Sixpence p'r pound. For Wheat from Bengal \ £16 p'r Ton, or 8s. per Bushel. For Sugar Sixpence p'r pound. For Spirits—in Case it should be absolutely necessary to purchase any Seven Shillings and Sixpence p'r Gallon. Colonial Produce. For fresh Beef, Mutton or Pork . . Nine pence p'r pound. For Kangaroo Flesh, when required and of the best Quality Four pence p'r pound. For Wheat Ten Shillings p'r Bushel. For Maize Four Shillings p'r Bushel. For Barley Five Shillings p'r Bushel. 10th. The Male and Female Convicts victualled at the Expence Rations for of the Crown are always to* receivNote 224e .a proportion of Wheat with convict3' Maize, and of Salt Beef or Pork with Kangaroo Flesh, in the Issue of their Rations for the time to Come. 458 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1811. 11th. No New Town Allotment is to be located to any Person 1 Dec. whatever in " George Square " or in " Macquarie Street "* with­ Instructions to out previously Obtaining Permission of the Governor in Chief, J. Murray re Town to whom all Applications for Allotments in that Square and allotments. Street are to be Submitted by the Commandant. Reserves 12th. The Angles of George Square pointed out by the Gover­ for public nor to the Inspector of Works are to be reserved for hereafter buildings. Erecting on them a Church, a Court-House, and a Main Guard. M. Bowden. 13th. The Commandant is not to permit Assistant Surgeon Bowden to presume to Molest Richard Sarjant of the Detach­ ment of Marines, on account of his having had his lawful Wife this day restored to him by My Orders. A. W. H. 14th. The Commandant- must also direct Mr. Humphrey, Humphrey. Mineralogist, to send the Girl named Harriot Sutton, now living with him, to her Father, Mr. Sutton, Store Keeper at Sydney, by the very first opportunity that offers, agreeably to my positive verbal orders, delivered to him to that Effect and according to his own Promise on that Occasion. L. MACQUARIE, Governor and Commander in Chief.

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO MAJOR GEILS.-(- 1812. 8 Feb. Sir, Government House, Sydney, 8th Feby., 1812. Transmission of 1. Herewith you will receive my Instructions of this day's instructions. date for your information and guidance as Commandant of Hobart Town, and to which I must generally refer you, con­ fining myself in this Letter to calling your attention to some Points of minor importance and which are not particularly noticed in your general Instructions above adverted to. Barracks to 2. As there are no Barracks at present at Hobart Town for the be erected. accommodation of the Troops, and as it is essentially necessary for their health and comfort that proper Barracks should without farther loss of time be built there for the accommodation of both the Officers and Soldiers; you are hereby authorized and directed to procure and prepare the necessary Materials of Bricks, Lime, and Timber for erecting them on the Summit of the Hill in the immediate vicinity of the Town, pointed out to Capt. Murray and the present Inspector of Public Works, Lt Gunning, when I was lately at the Derwent, and named by me "Barrack-Hill." A Range of Barracks, of one Story high, Sufficient to contain 150 Men, with Suitable Kitchens & Necessaries, are accordingly to be erected on this Hill for the Soldiers; and a Separate range for Officers, in proportion to that Number of Men—Yizt. One Captain, 3 Subalterns, and one Assistant Surgeon to be likewise erected on the same Hill, at right angles with that of the Soldiers.

Note 225. Note 226. MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 4

A Small but Commodious Hospital, Kitchen, and Necessary, must isi2. also be erected contiguous to the Barracks, on the same Hill, 8 Feb- for the accommodation of the Sick of the Detachment. A Plan and Elevation of the Barracks, thus directed to be built for the Officers and Soldiers of the Detachment, will be transmitted to you from hence by an early opportunity. 3. It is also highly necessary that a General Hospital for the Hospital to reception of the Sick Convicts, and other Persons in the Settle- beerected - ment who cannot otherwise procure Medical aid, Should be erected at Hobart Town as soon as Government can conveniently Command the Means of doing so. 4. A proper and commodious Gaol is likewise very much Gaol to be wanted at Hobart Town, and must be erected as soon as there erected- are Means of doing so. 5. The place, I pointed out to the Inspector of Works most sue for a eligible for these two Public Buildings, is a rising airy Piece of ga0i! Ground on the West Side of the Rivulet near the present Lumber Yard, and it is there they must be erected whenever it may be convenient to commence building them. 6. As soon as sufficient Materials are Collected for the Bar­ racks for the Officers and Soldiers, you must next prepare the Building necessary Materials for the General Hospital and the Gaol; Brick matemIs- for the former and Stone for the latter, each to be only one Story high. I Shall Send you Plans and Elevations of both those Public Buildings at some future period, and long before you can com­ mence building them, the Barracks being the most material to complete first. 7. The present Government House for the residence of the Lt. New Governor, or Commandant of Hobart Town, being much too louse"™be* Small and incommodious, and being also in a State of decay, it erected. is absolutely necessary that a new one should be built as soon as the means of Government will admit thereof. The Place, most eligible and best suited for building the Government House on, site selected. is that Point of Land in the immediate vicinity of the Town, which I have named " Macquarie Point,"* on which Mr. Fosbrook, the Depy. Corny., now resides, and has a Grant of a considerable part of the Crest of the Hill, where I marked out the Scite for the intended Government House. I have reason to believe Mr. Fosbrook will have no objection to relinquish to Government, for an adequate remuneration, as much of the Land in question as may be necessarily required for adding to the Domain to be attached to the Government House, and Measures will be adopted for obtaining the Piece of Land alluded to from Mr. Fosbrook.

*Note 227. 460 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. I therefore wish you to examine the Ground on "Macquarie 8 Feb. Point," marked by me when I was lately at the Derwent, and Ground for which Lt. Gunning will shew you, reporting to me afterwards how government much of Mr. Fosbrook's Lands will, in your opinion, be required house. to be relinquished by him to Government for the purpose above adverted to. The view of the Harbour, the Town, and the ad­ joining Country, from Macquarie Point, is grand and command­ ing, and is, in my opinion, by far the most eligible Spot in the Vicinity of Hobart Town for erecting the Government House on. Barracks, It will be impossible, however, to commence building a new hospital, and Government House until after the Barracks, Hospitals, and Gaol gaol to be first erected. arefirst erected and Completed; but the moment that is done, Materials of all Sorts must be procured and prepared for building a Comfortable and commodious Government House wt. suitable Offices on Macquarie Point; a Plan and Elevation of which will be transmitted to you from hence. In the meantime you have my permission to make such temporary Slight additions to the present Government House as may appear to be absolutely necessary for the accommodation of yourself and your Family, but on as economical a scale as possible. Plan of 8. When lately at the Derwent, I had a Plan of Hobart Town Hobart town. made and marked out by Mr. Meehan, the Acting Surveyor, dividing it into regular Streets crossing each other at Right angles, with a large Square in nearly the Center of the Town. This Plan was delivered to Capt. Murray, from whom you will receive it, and by which Plan you are to be guided in assigning Town Allotments for building Houses to such free Persons as may apply to you for that purpose. All applications made to you however for Allotments in " George's Square," or in "Mac­ quarie Street," are to be submitted to me previous to the appli­ cants being permitted to commence building therein. Herewith you will receive for your further guidance, Copy of a Memo­ randum* I left with Capt. Murray on the Subject of the New Plan of Hobart Town, and a few other important Points, to which I must call your particular attention. Signal station 9. I left'directions with Capt. Murray to establish immediately at Mount Nelson. a proper Signal Post on Mount Nelson, and to have the ground on the Summit of the Mountain entirely cleared of the Wood for that purpose; and, in the event of his not having carried these orders into effect, you will do so with as little delay as possible. Government 10. I observed when at the Derwent that there were very few boats to be built. Government Boats there fit for the purposes of loading and unloading Ships bringing Provisions and Stores for the use of the Settlement; and as Boats are essentially necessary for this Duty as well as for the purposes of bringing Grain, Timber,

*Note 223.