Annual Report 1951 National Bureau of Standards
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Selective Production of Phase-Separable Product from a Mixture of Biomass-Derived Aqueous Oxygenates
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07593-0 OPEN Selective production of phase-separable product from a mixture of biomass-derived aqueous oxygenates Yehong Wang 1, Mi Peng2, Jian Zhang1, Zhixin Zhang1, Jinghua An1,3, Shuyan Du1, Hongyu An1,3, Fengtao Fan1, Xi Liu 4,5, Peng Zhai2, Ding Ma 2 & Feng Wang1 1234567890():,; Selective conversion of an aqueous solution of mixed oxygenates produced by biomass fermentation to a value-added single product is pivotal for commercially viable biomass utilization. However, the efficiency and selectivity of the transformation remains a great challenge. Herein, we present a strategy capable of transforming ~70% of carbon in an aqueous fermentation mixture (ABE: acetone–butanol–ethanol–water) to 4-heptanone (4- HPO), catalyzed by tin-doped ceria (Sn-ceria), with a selectivity as high as 86%. Water (up to 27 wt%), detrimental to the reported catalysts for ABE conversion, was beneficial for producing 4-HPO, highlighting the feasibility of the current reaction system. In a 300 h continuous reaction over 2 wt% Sn-ceria catalyst, the average 4-HPO selectivity is main- tained at 85% with 50% conversion and > 90% carbon balance. This strategy offers a route for highly efficient organic-carbon utilization, which can potentially integrate biological and chemical catalysis platforms for the robust and highly selective production of value-added chemicals. 1 State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. 2 College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering, BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. -
Stable Isotopes of Cobalt Properties of Cobalt
Stable Isotopes of Cobalt Isotope Z(p) N(n) Atomic Mass Natural Abundance Nuclear Spin Co-59 27 32 58.93320 100.00% 7/2- Cobalt was discovered in 1735 by Georg Brandt. Its name derives from the German word kobald, meaning "goblin" or "evil spirit." Minerals containing cobalt were used by the early civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia for coloring glass deep blue. Cobalt oxide is used today to add a pink or blue color to glass. It is also an important trace element in soils and necessary for animal nutrition. The most important modern use of cobalt is in the manufacture of various wear-resistant and superalloys. Its alloys have shown high resistance to corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures. Radioactive Cobalt-60 is used in radiography and in the sterilization of food. A silvery-white, shining, hard, ductile, somewhat malleable metal, cobalt is also ferromagnetic, with permeability two-thirds that of iron. It has exceptional magnetic properties in alloys. It is attached by dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. It corrodes readily in air, and it has unusual coordinating properties, especially the trivalent ion. It is noncombustible except in powder form. Cobalt occurs in two allotropic modifications over a wide range of temperatures: the crystalline close-packed- hexagonal form is known as the alpha form, which turns into the beta (or gamma) form above 417 ºC. In finely powdered form, cobalt ignites spontaneously in air. Reactions with acetylene and bromine pentafluoride proceed to incandescence and can become violent. The metal is moderately toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of dusts can damage lungs. -
The Tritium Beta-Ray Induced Reactions in Deuterium Oxide Vapor and Hydrogen Or Carbon Monoxide and the Exchange of H-Atoms with Water Molecules
This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66-6232 BIBLER, Ned Eugene, 1937- THE TRITIUM BETA-RAY INDUCED REACTIONS IN DEUTERIUM OXIDE VAPOR AND HYDROGEN OR CARBON MONOXIDE AND THE EXCHANGE OF H-ATOMS WITH WATER MOLECULES. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1965 Chemistry, physical University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE TRITIUM 3ETA-RAY INDUCED REACTIONS IN DEUTERIUM OXIDE VAPOR AND HYDROGEN OR CARBON MONOXIDE AND THE EXCHANGE OF H-ATOMS WITH WATER MOLECULES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ned Eugene B ib le r , B .S ., M.S * * * * * The Ohio S ta te U n iversity 1965 Approved by Adviser Department of Chemistry ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Several groups were influential in the completion of this work and the culmination of my graduate career at the Ohio State University. I have singled out two who deserve special acknowledg ment. I wish to express my appreciation to the members of my family for their understanding and sympathetic guidance during this demanding period. In particular, I thank my wife, Jane, who was a source of encouragement, for her devotion, scientific advice, and unswervingly honest criticism ; and my mother in law, Mrs. Pauline Pycraft, who typed a major portion of the first draft of this thesis. I am indebted to the stimulating research group headed by Dr. R. F. Firestone for many fruitful discussions and altercations on an array of subjects, including the radiation chemistry of water vapor. Specifically, I thank Dr. Firestone for his keen interest and set of high scientific standards which, when applied to the course and completion of this study, made it a maturing and g r a tify in g experience. -
Synthesis of Phosphine-Functionalized Metal
DISS. ETH NO. 23507 Understanding and improving gold-catalyzed formic acid decomposition for application in the SCR process A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by MANASA SRIDHAR M. Sc. in Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati born on 12.12.1987 citizen of India accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Jeroen A. van Bokhoven, examiner Prof. Dr. Oliver Kröcher, co-examiner Prof. Dr. Christoph Müller, co-examiner 2016 “anything can happen, in spite of what you’re pretty sure should happen.” Richard Feynman Table of content Abstract .............................................................................................................................. II die Zusammenfassung ..................................................................................................... VI Chapter 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 Methods ............................................................................................................ 15 Chapter 3 Unique selectivity of Au/TiO2 for ammonium formate decomposition under SCR- relevant conditions ............................................................................................................. 25 Chapter 4 Effect of ammonia on the decomposition of ammonium formate and formic acid on Au/TiO2 ............................................................................................................................. -
Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules and Ions PRACTICING SKILLS Atoms:Their Composition and Structure 1. Fundamental Particles Protons Electrons Neutrons Electrical Charges +1 -1 0 Present in nucleus Yes No Yes Least Massive 1.007 u 0.00055 u 1.007 u 3. Isotopic symbol for: 27 (a) Mg (at. no. 12) with 15 neutrons : 27 12 Mg 48 (b) Ti (at. no. 22) with 26 neutrons : 48 22 Ti 62 (c) Zn (at. no. 30) with 32 neutrons : 62 30 Zn The mass number represents the SUM of the protons + neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number represents the # of protons, so (atomic no. + # neutrons)=mass number 5. substance protons neutrons electrons (a) magnesium-24 12 12 12 (b) tin-119 50 69 50 (c) thorium-232 90 142 90 (d) carbon-13 6 7 6 (e) copper-63 29 34 29 (f) bismuth-205 83 122 83 Note that the number of protons and electrons are equal for any neutral atom. The number of protons is always equal to the atomic number. The mass number equals the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons. Isotopes 7. Isotopes of cobalt (atomic number 27) with 30, 31, and 33 neutrons: 57 58 60 would have symbols of 27 Co , 27 Co , and 27 Co respectively. Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules and Ions Isotope Abundance and Atomic Mass 9. Thallium has two stable isotopes 203 Tl and 205 Tl. The more abundant isotope is:___?___ The atomic weight of thallium is 204.4 u. The fact that this weight is closer to 205 than 203 indicates that the 205 isotope is the more abundant isotope. -
Interactions and Diffusion of Methane and Hydrogen in Microporous Structures: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Studies
Materials 2013, 6, 2464-2482; doi:10.3390/ma6062464 OPEN ACCESS materials ISSN 1996-1944 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials Article Interactions and Diffusion of Methane and Hydrogen in Microporous Structures: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Studies Yu Ji, Neil S. Sullivan *, Yibing Tang and Jaha A. Hamida Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (Y.J.); [email protected] (Y.T.); [email protected] (J.A.H.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-352-846-3137; Fax: +1-352-392-0523. Received: 9 May 2013; in revised form: 4 June 2013 / Accepted: 5 June 2013 / Published: 17 June 2013 Abstract: Measurements of nuclear spin relaxation times over a wide temperature range have been used to determine the interaction energies and molecular dynamics of light molecular gases trapped in the cages of microporous structures. The experiments are designed so that, in the cases explored, the local excitations and the corresponding heat capacities determine the observed nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times. The results indicate well-defined excitation energies for low densities of methane and hydrogen deuteride in zeolite structures. The values obtained for methane are consistent with Monte Carlo calculations of A.V. Kumar et al. The results also confirm the high mobility and diffusivity of hydrogen deuteride in zeolite structures at low temperatures as observed by neutron scattering. Keywords: nuclear resonance; spin-lattice relaxation; heat capacity; mesoporous structures 1. Introduction There is currently wide interest in the thermodynamic properties of light gases constrained to the interior of microporous structures that include metal organic frameworks [1–3] and classical zeolitic structures [4] because of the potential use of these structures for storage and transport [5–8], and catalytic conversion [9] of light molecular gases (H2, CH4, CO2, CO, etc.). -
Załącznik Nr 3 Do Wniosku O Przeprowadzenie Postępowania Habilitacyjnego
Załącznik nr 3 do wniosku o przeprowadzenie postępowania habilitacyjnego Author's review of his own writings 1. Jan Kurpeta 2. Posiadane dyplomy, stopnie naukowe Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in physics, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, year 1999, title of dissertation: „Properties of the neutron-rich nuclei at the edge of known nuclei area.” Master of Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Physics and Applied Mathematics, year 1993, title of master's thesis: „Influence of nucleon effective mass on single particle motion in the deformed nuclei.” 3. Informacje o dotychczasowym zatrudnieniu w jednostkach naukowych University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Nuclear Spectroscopy Division, assistant professor since15 February 2001 University of Leuven (Belgium), Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, post-doc position from 1 September 1998 to 31 October 1999 University of Jyväskylä (Finland), Faculty of Physics, scholarship from Center for International Mobility, PhD studies from 3 February to 15 December 1995 University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Nuclear Spectroscopy Division, PhD studies from October 1993 to September 1998 Space Research Center Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Department of Planetary Geodesy, part time job for 6 months in 1993 1 4. Wskazanie osiągnięcia* wynikającego z art. 16 ust. 2 ustawy z dnia 14 marca 2003 r. o stopniach naukowych i tytule naukowym oraz o stopniach i tytule w zakresie sztuki (Dz. U. nr 65, poz. 595 ze zm.): a) tytuł osiągnięcia naukowego Structure of exotic, neutron-rich fission fragments of mass around A = 110. b) Jednotematyczny cykl publikacji przedstawiających osiągnięcie naukowe [A1] J. -
Heavy-Water Production Using Amine-Hydrogen Exchange
HEAVY-WATER PRODUCTION USING AMINE-HYDROGEN EXCHANGE Development of the amine-hydrogen process for heavy-water production involves a large research and development program at CRNL supplemented by contracts with industry and universities. Four major areas of work are: — process design and optimization — process chemistry — deuterium exchange in gas-liquid contactors — materials for construction This article, which is the third in a series to appear in this publication, describes the development of equipment for efficient exchange of deuterium between hydrogen gas and amine liquid. The process flowsheet and the chemistry of aminomethane solu- tions of potassium methylamide catalyst were described previously^ >2). Efficient countercurrent, multistage contacting of liquid amine and hydrogen gas in hot and cold towers are required in this process. The unusually large separation factors possible with amine-hydrogen exchange are an important advantage. A major development program is aimed at the full exploitation of this advantage by achieving rapid exchange in the cold tower. Increasing the difference between the hot and cold tower temperatures decreases the required gas flow rate and number of theoretical plates. As the cold tower temperature is lowered plate efficiency falls, tower fabrication is more expensive and refrigeration costs rise; the range of interest is -100 to 0°F. The upper limit on hot column temperature is set by the vapor pressure of the aminomethane and chemical stability of the catalyst solution. Temperatures up to 160°F are attractive. The exchange reaction HD + CH3NH2 „ » H2 + CH3NHD occurs in the liquid phase a^d consists/of two steps: physical absorption and chemical ^reaction. Mass transfer is controlled by the diffusion of hydrogen in a thin liquid reaction zone near the gas-liquid interface. -
High Specific Radioactivities of Cobalt, Platinum and Iridium From
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1951 High specific ar dioactivities of cobalt, platinum and iridium from photonuclear reactions Darleane Christian Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Physical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Christian, Darleane, "High specific ar dioactivities of cobalt, platinum and iridium from photonuclear reactions " (1951). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13387. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13387 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI HIGH SPECIFIC MDIOACTIVITI OF COBALT, PLATIirOl-I Mm IRIDIUIl FROM PHOTOirUCL:mR R3ACTI0KS by Darloana Christian A Dissertation S-ubmitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillmant of The Requiramants for the Degrea of DOCTOR OP PHILOflOPIir Major Subject: Physical Chamistry Approveds Signature was redacted for privacy. In Cha3?i¥ of tlay6r' Worls: Signature was redacted for privacy. Heaa of tiajor Departraent ^ Signature was redacted for privacy. Daan of Graduate Collage loi/a State College 1951 UMI Number: DP12638 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. -
Development of the Polarized Hydrogen-Deuteride (HD) Target for Double-Polarization Experiments at LEPS
Development of the Polarized Hydrogen-Deuteride (HD) Target for Double-Polarization Experiments at LEPS Takeshi Ohta Department of Physics & Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University Advisor: Mamoru Fujiwara, Masaru Yosoi, Hideki Kohri 2012 t c je T Ho argDet Pr 2 Development of the Polarized Hydrogen-Deuteride (HD) Target for Double-Polarization Experiments at LEPS (LEPS 二重偏極実験の為の偏極重水素化水素標的の開発) 3 Abstract Hadron photoproduction experiments without a polarized target have been car- ried out in the laser-electron photon facility beam-line at SPring-8 (LEPS) since 2000. The hadron photoproduction of the ϕ, K, η, and π0 mesons is studied by using linearly polarized photon beams with energies of Eγ = 1:5 ∼ 2:9 GeV. At the LEPS facility, linearly and circularly polarized photons are produced by Backward- Compton scattering. An experiment for measuring a complete set of spin observables is expected to give important information to investigate the nucleon hidden struc- ture and hadron photoproduction dynamics. Introduction of the polarized target is expected to conduct the LEPS experiment to the next stage. We plan to carry out hadron photoproduction experiments by using polarized photon beams and the po- larized target. We have started to develop the polarized Hydrogen-Deuteride (HD) target since 2005. A polarized HD target is prepared at Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University, and will be installed in the LEPS beam-line at SPring-8. As a first step, we produced the polarized HD target in 2008-2009. The HD gas was fed to a dilution refrigerator, and was solidified. Then, the HD was cooled down to 14 mK with a high magnetic field of 17 T. -
Radioactivity and X-Rays
Radioactivity and X-rays Applications and health effects by Thormod Henriksen Preface The present book is an update and extension of three previous books from groups of scientists at the University of Oslo. The books are: I. Radioaktivitet – Stråling – Helse Written by; Thormod Henriksen, Finn Ingebretsen, Anders Storruste and Erling Stranden. Universitetsforlaget AS 1987 ISBN 82-00-03339-2 I would like to thank my coauthors for all discussions and for all the data used in this book. The book was released only a few months after the Chernobyl accident. II. Stråling og Helse Written by Thormod Henriksen, Finn Ingebretsen, Anders Storruste, Terje Strand, Tove Svendby and Per Wethe. Institute of Physics, University of Oslo 1993 and 1995 ISBN 82-992073-2-0 This book was an update of the book above. It has been used in several courses at The University of Oslo. Furthermore, the book was again up- dated in 1998 and published on the Internet. The address is: www.afl.hitos.no/mfysikk/rad/straling_innh.htm III. Radiation and Health Written by Thormod Henriksen and H. David Maillie Taylor & Francis 2003 ISBN 0-415-27162-2 This English written book was mainly a translation from the books above. I would like to take this opportunity to thank David for all help with the translation. The three books concentrated to a large extent on the basic properties of ionizing radiation. Efforts were made to describe the background ra- diation as well as the release of radioactivity from reactor accidents and fallout from nuclear explosions in the atmosphere. These subjects were of high interest in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident. -
The Primary Process in Formaldehyde Photolysis
This dissertation has been 65-3890 microfilmed exactly as received McQUIGG, Robert Duncan, 1936- THE PRIMARY PROCESSES IN FORMALDEHYDE PHOTOLYSIS. The Ohio State University Ph.D., 1964 Chemistry, physical University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE PRIMARY PROCESSES IN FORMALDEHYDE PHOTOLYSIS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Robert Duncan McQuigg, B.S. ****** The Ohio State University 1964 Approved by Adviser Department of Chemistry ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to express his appreciation to Professor Jack G. Calvert for suggesting this problem and for his encouragement and instruction during the course of the work. Sincere appreciation is extended to the Petro leum Research Fund Advisory Board of the American Chemical Society for the financial support provided under PRF Grant 532-A. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ................................... 1 APPARATUS............... 12 Vacuum s y s t e m ............. ................ 12 Photolysis system ......................... 12 Flash discharge system...... ................ 17 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES ......................... l8 Reagents and standards............. 18 Spectral purity of formaldehydes .............. 22 Procedures for typical experiments ............ 25 Procedures for typical experiments with mixtures of CHgO and CDgO ............ 28 DATA AND R E S U L T S ................................. 31 Temperature calibration of reaction cell . 3 I Calibration of filters and cell transmission . 3 I Data from the flash photolysis of CHgO, CDgO, and C H D O ..................... 33 Data from the flash photolysis of mixtures of CHgO and C D g O .............. 38 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS ............................. 46 Photolysis of the pure formaldehydes........... 46 CHgO and C D g O ............................. 46 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD.) Page C H D O ' .