Fall Long Island Sound Trawl Survey Data: Abundance and Distribution by Species

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fall Long Island Sound Trawl Survey Data: Abundance and Distribution by Species Fall Long Island Sound Trawl Survey Data: Abundance and Distribution by Species Summary This dataset contains fall catch distribution data for bottom trawls conducted by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection in Long Island Sound aboard the R/V John Dempsey (1992-2014). Data are provided by CT DEEP Marine Fisheries Division for 61 fish species and 3 invertebrates in a format similar to other trawl data available through this data viewer. Only species caught in more than 5 fall tows (1992-2014) are included. Description Species included in this dataset are: alewife (ALW), American lobster (LOB), American shad (ASD), Atlantic croaker (CRO), Atlantic herring (ATH), Atlantic mackerel (MKR), Atlantic menhaden (MEN), Atlantic sturgeon (ATS), bay anchovy (BAY), bigeye scad (BES), black sea bass (BSB), blue runner (BLR), blueback herring (BBH), bluefish (BLF), butterfish (BUT), clearnose skate (CNS), conger eel (CON), crevalle jack (CRJ), cunner (CUN), fourbeard rockling (RCK), fourspot flounder (FSF), gizzard shad (GIZ), glasseye snapper (GLS), hickory shad (HSH), hogchoker (HOG), horseshoe crab (HOR), inshore lizardfish (LIZ), little skate (LSK), longfin squid (SQI), mackerel shad (MSD), moonfish (MOO), northern kingfish (NKF), northern pipefish (PIP), northern puffer (PUF), northern searobin (NSR), northern sennet (NOS), oyster toadfish (TDF), planehead filefish (FIL), red goatfish (RGF), red hake (RED), rough scad (SAU), roughtail stingray (RTS), round herring (RDH), round scad (RDS), scup (PGY), short bigeye (SBE), silver hake (WHI), smallmouth flounder (SMF), smooth dogfish (SMD), Spanish mackerel (SPA), spiny dogfish (SPD), spot (SPT), spotted hake (SPH), striped anchovy (STA), striped bass (STB), striped sea robin (SSR), summer flounder (SFL), tautog (BKF), weakfish (WKF), windowpane (WPF), winter flounder (WFL), winter skate (WSK), yellow jack (YJK). Data are provided as tow-by-tow catch data and as site-summary data for the time periods 1992-2014 and 2005-2014. Tow-by-tow catch data: Tow locations are depicted as points corresponding to GPS coordinates recorded for the water sample taken prior to each tow. Each tow has a unique identifier (SAMPLE variable). Catch data are provided as total number of fish caught, total kilograms caught, natural log of total count, and natural log of total biomass. Each tow includes the following variables: YY (year), Site, Sample (unique tow identifier), LAT_DD (latitude in decimal degrees), LON_DD (longitude in decimal degrees), SumCNT (total number of fish caught), SumWT (total kilograms caught), lnCNT (natural log of SumCNT), lnWT (natural log of SumWT), PosTow (value of zero means tow occurred, but did not catch species). Site-summary data: Site summaries are attached to a 1x2 nm site grid as a way of depicting the area in Long Island Sound characterized by the tow data. Sampling protocols do not require that a tow start or end within a specific site box as long as the tow occurs within the correct stratum. The following variables are included for each site: LISSTRATA (LISTS strata is a combination of bottom type and depth interval, BTMTYPE (M=mud, T=trans, S=sand), DEPTHINT (1=5-9m, 2=9.1- 18.2m, 3=18.3-27.3m, 4=27.4+m), Site (site grid number), N (total number of tows by site), LnMnCNT (natural log mean count), LnSEcnt (natural log standard error mean count), Tot_Cnt (total count by site), PosTow (number of tows in which species was caught at site), LnMnWt (natural log mean kilograms), LnSEwt (natural log standard error mean kilograms), Tot_KG (total kilograms by site). Methods The Long Island Sound Trawl Survey is a stratified random survey begun in 1984. Biomass has been recorded since 1992. Fall data includes Sept-Oct cruises. Survey methodology can be found in Gottschall and Pacileo 2014 (http://www.ct.gov/deep/lib/deep/fishing/publications/2014_marine_fisheries_di vision_long_island_sound_trawl_survey.pdf) and Gottschall et al. 2000 (http://spo.nwr.noaa.gov/tr148.pdf). Citations Gottschall, K. F., M. W. Johnson, and D. G. Simpson. 2000. The distribution and size composition of finfish, American lobster, and long-finned squid in Long Island Sound based on the Connecticut Fisheries Division Bottom Trawl Survey, 1984-1994. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 148, 195 p. Gottschall, K. and D. Pacileo. 2014. Long Island Sound Trawl Survey, Job 5. In: A Study of Marine Recreational Fisheries in Connecticut. Annual Progress Report, CT DEEP Marine Fisheries Division, Old Lyme, CT 141 p. Contact CT Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Marine Fisheries Division P.O. Box 719 Old Lyme, CT 06371 United States (860)434-6043 [email protected] Data Start 1992 Date Data End 2014 Date Data 41.318802 degrees N Northern Boundary Data 40.882972 degrees N Southern Boundary Data -73.702918 degrees E Western Boundary Data -72.049614 degrees E Eastern Boundary Spatial Type: Projected Reference Geographic Coordinate Reference: GCS_North_American_1983 Information Projection: NAD_1983_StatePlane_Connecticut_FIPS_0600_Feet Coordinate Reference Details Projected Coordinate System Well-known identifier: 102656 X Origin: -119756300 Y Origin: -96342500 XY Scale: 37294945.500735737 XY Tolerance: 0.0032808333333333331 Latest Well-known identifier: 2234 Well-Known Text: PROJCS["NAD_1983_StatePlane_Connecticut_FIPS_0600_Feet", GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983", DATUM["D_North_American_1983", SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0], UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]], PROJECTION["Lambert_Conformal_Conic"], PARAMETER["False_Easting",999999.999996], PARAMETER["False_Northing",499999.999998], PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-72.75], PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",41.2], PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",41.86666666666667], PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",40.83333333333334], UNIT["Foot_US",0.3048006096012192], AUTHORITY["EPSG",2234]] Use No restrictions or legal prerequisites for using the data after access is granted. Limitation The data is suitable for use at an appropriate scale, and is not recommended for use other than at scales 1:10,000 - 1:100,000. Although this data has been used by the State of Connecticut, Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CT-DEEP), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by CT-DEEP as to the accuracy of the data and or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by CT- DEEP in the use of these data or related materials. The user assumes the entire risk related to the use of these data. Once the data is distributed to the user, modifications made to the data by the user should be noted in the metadata. When printing this data on a map or using it in a software application, analysis, or report, please acknowledge the CT-DEEP, Marine Fisheries Division as the source of the information. These data are suitable for planning purposes only, and should not be used for navigation or to make regulatory or jurisdictional boundary determinations. .
Recommended publications
  • Bibliography Database of Living/Fossil Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) Papers of the Year 2016
    www.shark-references.com Version 13.01.2017 Bibliography database of living/fossil sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) Papers of the year 2016 published by Jürgen Pollerspöck, Benediktinerring 34, 94569 Stephansposching, Germany and Nicolas Straube, Munich, Germany ISSN: 2195-6499 copyright by the authors 1 please inform us about missing papers: [email protected] www.shark-references.com Version 13.01.2017 Abstract: This paper contains a collection of 803 citations (no conference abstracts) on topics related to extant and extinct Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) as well as a list of Chondrichthyan species and hosted parasites newly described in 2016. The list is the result of regular queries in numerous journals, books and online publications. It provides a complete list of publication citations as well as a database report containing rearranged subsets of the list sorted by the keyword statistics, extant and extinct genera and species descriptions from the years 2000 to 2016, list of descriptions of extinct and extant species from 2016, parasitology, reproduction, distribution, diet, conservation, and taxonomy. The paper is intended to be consulted for information. In addition, we provide information on the geographic and depth distribution of newly described species, i.e. the type specimens from the year 1990- 2016 in a hot spot analysis. Please note that the content of this paper has been compiled to the best of our abilities based on current knowledge and practice, however,
    [Show full text]
  • Barndoor Skate, Dipturus Laevis, Life History and Habitat Characteristics
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-173 Essential Fish Habitat Source Document: Barndoor Skate, Dipturus laevis, Life History and Habitat Characteristics U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Region Northeast Fisheries Science Center Woods Hole, Massachusetts March 2003 Recent Issues in This Series: 155. Food of Northwest Atlantic Fishes and Two Common Species of Squid. By Ray E. Bowman, Charles E. Stillwell, William L. Michaels, and Marvin D. Grosslein. January 2000. xiv + 138 p., 1 fig., 7 tables, 2 app. NTIS Access. No. PB2000-106735. 156. Proceedings of the Summer Flounder Aging Workshop, 1-2 February 1999, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. By George R. Bolz, James Patrick Monaghan, Jr., Kathy L. Lang, Randall W. Gregory, and Jay M. Burnett. May 2000. v + 15 p., 5 figs., 5 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB2000-107403. 157. Contaminant Levels in Muscle of Four Species of Recreational Fish from the New York Bight Apex. By Ashok D. Deshpande, Andrew F.J. Draxler, Vincent S. Zdanowicz, Mary E. Schrock, Anthony J. Paulson, Thomas W. Finneran, Beth L. Sharack, Kathy Corbo, Linda Arlen, Elizabeth A. Leimburg, Bruce W. Dockum, Robert A. Pikanowski, Brian May, and Lisa B. Rosman. June 2000. xxii + 99 p., 6 figs., 80 tables, 3 app., glossary. NTIS Access. No. PB2001-107346. 158. A Framework for Monitoring and Assessing Socioeconomics and Governance of Large Marine Ecosystems. By Jon G. Sutinen, editor, with contributors (listed alphabetically) Patricia Clay, Christopher L. Dyer, Steven F. Edwards, John Gates, Tom A. Grigalunas, Timothy Hennessey, Lawrence Juda, Andrew W. Kitts, Philip N.
    [Show full text]
  • Copy of Summer Flounder/Fluke Fast Facts
    YOFUISTH EERDUIECSATION FLUKE (SUMMER FLOUNDER) Poor Paralichthys dentatus Conservation Status "Poor" in NYS Range Map (fishbase.org) FACT ONE FACT TWO Fluke is a species of flatfish also known as The way to distinguish fluke and winter summer flounder. Some other names include flounder is by knowing if they are right or northern fluke or hirame. Fluke is a type of left - eyed. Fluke face left when their mouth flounder but this name helps distinguish it from points up and winter flounder face right the very similar Winter Flounder. when their mouth points up. FACT THREE FACT FOUR Like other flounder, fluke hide at the bottom Fluke is a valuable food fish and has remained a to catch prey. They are a lighter, more popular commercial and recreational catch for dappled brown than winter flounder. They hundreds of years. CCE Marine Program conducts also have “eye” spots patterned along their important applied research on fluke including body. They can change color to match dark discard mortality (how many fish survive after or light sediment they are lying in, too! being caught and thrown back). For more information about F.I.S.H. Initiative: https://www.localfish.org/ FISHERIES Overview Status Fluke are found in inshore and offshore Summer flounder are not overfished and are not waters from Nova Scotia, Canada, to the east subject to overfishing, according to the Atlantic coast of Florida along the East Coast of the States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). United States. It is a left-eyed flatfish that However, the population of Fluke has decreased over lives 12 to 14 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Stingray Bay: Media Kit
    STINGRAY BAY: MEDIA KIT Stingray Bay has been the talk of the town! What is it? Columbus Zoo and Aquarium guests and members will now have the opportunity to see stingrays up close and to touch these majestic creatures! The Stingray Bay experience will encourage visitors to interact with the Zoo’s brand new school of stingrays by watching these beautiful animals “fly” through the water and dipping their hands in the water to come in contact with them. Where is located? Located in Jungle Jack’s Landing near Zoombezi Bay, Stingray Bay will feature an 18,000-gallon saltwater pool for stingrays to call home. Staff and volunteers will monitor the pool, inform guests about the best ways to touch the animals and answer questions when the exhibit opens daily at 10 a.m. What types of stingrays call Stingray Bay home? Dozens of cownose and southern stingrays will glide though the waters of Stingray Bay. Educational interpreters will explain the role of these stingrays in the environment. Stingrays are typically bottom feeders with molar-like teeth used to crush the shells of their prey such as crustaceans, mollusks, and other invertebrates. I’m excited to touch the stingrays, but is it safe? Absolutely! The rays barbs have been carefully trimmed off their whip-like tails. The painless procedure is similar to cutting human fingernails. Safe for all ages, the landscaped pool features a waterfall and a wide ledge for toddlers to lean against when touching the rays. This sounds cool! How much does it cost? Admission to Stingray Bay is free for Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Gold Members and discounted for Members.
    [Show full text]
  • For Summer Flounder Is Defined As
    FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SUMMER FLOUNDER FISHERY October 1987 Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service, the New England Fishery Management Council, and the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council Draft adopted by MAFMC: 29 October 1987 Final adopted by MAFMC: 16 April1988 Final approved by NOAA: 19 September 1988 3.14.89 FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SUMMER FLOUNDER FISHERY October 1987 Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service, the New England Fishery Management Council, and the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council See page 2 for a discussion of Amendment 1 to the FMP. Draft adopted by MAFMC: 21 October 1187 final adopted by MAFMC: 16 April1988 final approved by NOAA: 19 September 1988 1 2.27 91 THIS DOCUMENT IS THE SUMMER FLOUNDER FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN AS ADOPTED BY THE COUNCIL AND APPROVED BY THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE. THE REGULATIONS IN APPENDIX 6 (BLUE PAPER) ARE THE REGULATIONS CONTROLLING THE FISHERY AS OF THE DATE OF THIS PRINTING (27 FEBRUARY 1991). READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THE COUNCIL ADOPTED AMENDMENT 1 TO THE FMP ON 31 OCTOBER 1990 TO DEFINE OVERFISHING AS REQUIRED BY 50 CFR 602 AND TO IMPOSE A 5.5" (DIAMOND MESH) AND 6" (SQUARE MESH) MINIMUM NET MESH IN THE TRAWL FISHERY. ON 15 FEBRUARY 1991 NMFS APPROVED THE OVERFISHING DEFINITION AND DISAPPROVED THE MINIMUM NET MESH. OVERFISHING FOR SUMMER FLOUNDER IS DEFINED AS FISHING IN EXCESS OF THE FMAX LEVEL. THIS ACTION DID NOT CHANGE THE REGULATIONS DISCUSSED ABOVE. 2 27.91 2 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Leucoraja Erinacea
    Little Skate − Leucoraja erinacea Overall Vulnerability Rank = Low Biological Sensitivity = Low Climate Exposure = High Data Quality = 88% of scores ≥ 2 Expert Data Expert Scores Plots Leucoraja erinacea Scores Quality (Portion by Category) Low Moderate Stock Status 2.0 2.8 High Other Stressors 1.5 1.4 Very High Population Growth Rate 2.9 2.4 Spawning Cycle 1.2 3.0 Complexity in Reproduction 1.3 2.2 Early Life History Requirements 1.1 3.0 Sensitivity to Ocean Acidification 1.5 2.8 Prey Specialization 1.2 3.0 Habitat Specialization 1.2 3.0 Sensitivity attributes Sensitivity to Temperature 2.1 3.0 Adult Mobility 2.3 2.2 Dispersal & Early Life History 1.9 2.8 Sensitivity Score Low Sea Surface Temperature 3.9 3.0 Variability in Sea Surface Temperature 1.0 3.0 Salinity 2.0 3.0 Variability Salinity 1.2 3.0 Air Temperature 1.0 3.0 Variability Air Temperature 1.0 3.0 Precipitation 1.0 3.0 Variability in Precipitation 1.0 3.0 Ocean Acidification 4.0 2.0 Exposure variables Variability in Ocean Acidification 1.0 2.2 Currents 2.1 1.0 Sea Level Rise 1.1 1.5 Exposure Score High Overall Vulnerability Rank Low Little Skate (Leucoraja erinacea) Overall Climate Vulnerability Rank: Low (88% certainty from bootstrap analysis). Climate Exposure: High. Two exposure factors contributed to this score: Ocean Surface Temperature (3.9) and Ocean Acidification (4.0). Little Skate are demersal and complete their life cycle in marine habitats. Biological Sensitivity: Low. Only one attribute scored above 2.5: Population Growth Rate (3.4).
    [Show full text]
  • Citharichthys Uhleri Jordan in Jordan and Goss, 1889 Cyclopsetta Fimbriata
    click for previous page Pleuronectiformes: Paralichthyidae 1917 Citharichthys uhleri Jordan in Jordan and Goss, 1889 En - Voodoo whiff. Maximum size to 11 cm standard length. Poorly known species. Similar to other Citharichthys. Visually orient- ing ambush predator feeding on various invertebrates and small fishes. Apparently rare. Taxonomic status needs further investigation. Sourthern Gulf of Mexico to Costa Rica; Haiti. from Gutherz, 1967 Cyclopsetta fimbriata (Goode and Bean, 1885) En - Spotfin flounder; Fr - Perpeire à queue tachetée; Sp - Lenguado rabo manchado. Maximum size 33 cm, commonly to 25 cm. Soft bottom habitats between 20 to 230 m. Taken as bycatch in in- dustrial trawl fisheries for shrimps. Marketed fresh. Continental shelf off Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA from North Carolina to Yucatán, Mexico; Greater Antilles; Caribbean Sea from Mexico to Trinidad; Atlantic coast of South America to Ilha dos Búzios, São Paulo, Brazil. Etropus crossotus Jordan and Gilbert, 1882 UCO En - Fringed flounder; Fr - Rombou petite gueule; Sp - Lenguado boca chica. Maximum size 20 cm, commonly to 15 cm total length. On very shallow, soft bottoms, from the coastline to depths of 30 m, occasionally to 65 m. Caught with beach seines. Artisanal fishery; of minor commercial impor- tance because of its small average size. Virginia to Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Islands and Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Central America; Tobago; to Tramandí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Etropus intermedius Norman, 1933 is a junior synonym of E. crossotus. 1918 Bony Fishes Etropus cyclosquamus Leslie and Stewart, 1986 En - Shelf flounder. Maximum size to about 10 cm standard length, commonly 5 to 8 cm standard length.
    [Show full text]
  • Class Wars: Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes Dominance in Chesapeake Bay, 2002-2012
    Class Wars: Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes dominance in Chesapeake Bay, 2002-2012. 01 July 2013 Introduction The objective of this analysis was to demonstrate a possible changing relationship between two Classes of fishes, Osteichthyes (the bony fishes) and Chondrichthyes (the cartilaginous fishes) in Chesapeake Bay based on 11 years of monitoring. If any changes between the two Classes appeared to be significant, either statistically or anecdotally, the data were explored further in an attempt to explain the variation. The Class Osteichthyes is characterized by having a skeleton made of bone and is comprised of the majority of fish species worldwide, while the Chondrichthyes skeleton is made of cartilage and is represented by the sharks, skates, and rays (the elasmobranch fishes) and chimaeras1. Many shark species are generally categorized as apex predators, while skates and rays and some smaller sharks can be placed into the mesopredator functional group (Myers et al., 2007). By definition, mesopredators prey upon a significant array of lower trophic groups, but also serve as the prey base for apex predators. Global demand for shark and consequential shark fishing mortality, estimated at 97 million sharks in 2010 (Worm et al., 2013), is hypothesized to have contributed to the decline of these apex predators in recent years (Baum et al., 2003 and Fowler et al., 2005), which in turn is suggested to have had a cascading effect on lower trophic levels—an increase in mesopredators and subsequent decrease in the prey base (Myers et al., 2007). According to 10 years of trawl survey monitoring of Chesapeake Bay, fish species composition of catches has shown a marked change over the years (Buchheister et al., 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5: Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
    Ocean Special Area Management Plan Chapter 5: Commercial and Recreational Fisheries Table of Contents 500 Introduction.............................................................................................................................9 510 Marine Fisheries Resources in the Ocean SAMP Area.....................................................12 510.1 Species Included in this Chapter ..........................................................................12 510.1.1 Species important to commercial and recreational fisheries.....................12 510.1.2 Forage fish ................................................................................................15 510.1.3 Threatened and endangered species and species of concern ....................15 510.2 Life History, Habitat, and Fishery of Commercially and Recreationally Important Species............................................................................................................17 510.2.1 American lobster.......................................................................................17 510.2.2 Atlantic bonito ..........................................................................................19 510.2.3 Atlantic cod...............................................................................................20 510.2.4 Atlantic herring .........................................................................................21 510.2.5 Atlantic mackerel......................................................................................23 510.2.6 Atlantic
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity and Ecological Potential of Plum Island, New York
    Biodiversity and ecological potential of Plum Island, New York New York Natural Heritage Program i New York Natural Heritage Program The New York Natural Heritage Program The NY Natural Heritage Program is a partnership NY Natural Heritage has developed two notable between the NYS Department of Environmental online resources: Conservation Guides include the Conservation (NYS DEC) and The Nature Conservancy. biology, identification, habitat, and management of many Our mission is to facilitate conservation of rare animals, of New York’s rare species and natural community rare plants, and significant ecosystems. We accomplish this types; and NY Nature Explorer lists species and mission by combining thorough field inventories, scientific communities in a specified area of interest. analyses, expert interpretation, and the most comprehensive NY Natural Heritage also houses iMapInvasives, an database on New York's distinctive biodiversity to deliver online tool for invasive species reporting and data the highest quality information for natural resource management. planning, protection, and management. In 1990, NY Natural Heritage published Ecological NY Natural Heritage was established in 1985 and is a Communities of New York State, an all inclusive contract unit housed within NYS DEC’s Division of classification of natural and human-influenced Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources. The program is communities. From 40,000-acre beech-maple mesic staffed by more than 25 scientists and specialists with forests to 40-acre maritime beech forests, sea-level salt expertise in ecology, zoology, botany, information marshes to alpine meadows, our classification quickly management, and geographic information systems. became the primary source for natural community NY Natural Heritage maintains New York’s most classification in New York and a fundamental reference comprehensive database on the status and location of for natural community classifications in the northeastern rare species and natural communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling the Ventilatory Behavior of the Embryos Of
    VASSAR COLLEGE | UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SUMMER INSTITUTE (URSI) SYMPOSIUM | 2020 MODELING THE VENTILATORY BEHAVIOR OF THE EMBRYOS OF LITTLE SKATES Connor McShaffrey (‘21, Cognitive Science) and John Long (Biology, Cognitive Science, Neuroscience & Behavior) retract freeze recoil retract freeze recoil retract recoil ventilate pulsate (L) select & pulsate ventilate return to enter tendril search ventilate & enter front- search return to faced & enter tendril Stages 30-31 Stages 31-32 Stages 32-33 Pulsate: Gradual, slow undulation without insertion. Ventilate (L): Ventilate with the body bent laterally at the base of Ventilate Front-Faced: Ventilate with the body bent sharply Search & Enter: Rapid undulation down to tail tip to the putative adult caudal fin. at the caudal fin so that the tail tip is looped back over the find and insert into a tendril. Return to Tendril: After a full recoil, return to the same tendril anterior portion of the body disk.. Ventilate: High frequency undulation within a tendril. that was being ventilated. Select & Enter: Search & Enter, but with greater efficiency Retract : An incremental pull-back from tendril relative Freeze: Upon partial disturbance during ventilation, stop of selection and insertion. to sensitivity, amplitude, and frequency. moving and wait before ventilating or moving out of the Recoil: Upon sufficient disturbance, pull the tail back tendril. to coil it around the body. ● Embryos of elasmobranch fishes (skates and some sharks) develop for up to a year in a leathery egg case, the mermaid’s purse. ● An embryo must ventilate by undulating its tail inside one of the four hollow tendrils (or horns) of the capsule to exchange deoxygenated for oxygenated water.
    [Show full text]
  • NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-691
    % ,^tH^ °^Co NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-691 Seasonal Distributions of Larval Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) on the Continental Shelf Between Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Cape Lookout, North Carolina, 1965-66 W. G. SMITH, J. D. SIBUNKA, and A. WELLS SEATTLE, WA June 1975 ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION / Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report—Fisheries Series The majnr responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through- marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report—Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS. or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publica- tion of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences.
    [Show full text]