DOCSLIB.ORG

Nano-Wireless Communication for Microrobotics: Bridging the Gap

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nano-Wireless Communication for Microrobotics: Bridging the Gap Nano-wireless Communication for Microrobotics: bridging the gap Ludovico Ferranti Francesca Cuomo University of Roma Sapienza University of Roma Sapienza, DIET Rome, Italy Rome, Italy [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT will allow MEMS microrobots to be used in many areas of Among all the new robotics technologies, great interest is ris- everyday life. Usually, MEMS nodes size varies from well ing in the field of microrobotics. Micro Electro-Mechanical below one micron on the lower end of the dimensional spec- Systems (MEMS) microrobots are miniaturized electro-me trum to several millimeters. Their applications require a chanical devices that can perform various tasks in a wide massive deployment of nodes, thousands or even millions, area of applications. Despite the low-power and low-memory which define a new concept of Distributed Intelligent MEMS capacity, they are provided with sensors and actuators. Self- (DiMEMS). A DiMEMS system is composed of a compact reconfiguration is a key factor for MEMS microrobots to swarm of MEMS nodes. Several applications need the en- perform their tasks and to optimize their communications in semble shape to be designed in particular topologies there- order to achieve efficiency, parallelism and scalability. Nano- fore efficient communication among nodes is crucial. The transceivers and nano-antennas operating in the Terahertz very limited power supply of microrobots makes it difficult Band o↵er a promising communication paradigm, providing to implement a precise movement to reach a certain desti- nanowireless networking directly integrated in MEMS mi- nation position and it is still one of the major challenges crorobots. Catoms from Claytronics project are an appro- in this field. Although the power consumption for moving priate microrobotics case to explore this novel framework. has been lowered, communication and computation require- Several logical topology shape-shifting algorithms have been ments still represent a challenge in terms of energy. Opti- implemented and tested, along with di↵erent nano-wireless mizing the number of movements and message exchanges of simulations. This paper aims to provide a survey on nano- microrobots is therefore crucial in order to save energy. wireless communication for modular robotics and propose some optimization choices. Special emphasis is given to the use of the nano-wireless communications for topology for- mation and maintenance in microrobotics. Categories and Subject Descriptors Figure 1: Catoms moving principle [5] C.2.1 [Network Architecture and Design]: ;I.2.9[Robotics]: Controlling the self-reconfiguration process is very com- plex because it involves the distributed coordination of large numbers of identical modules connected in time-varying ways. Keywords The range of exchanged information and the amount of dis- MEMS Microrobots; Nano-networks; Terahertz band; Dis- placements determine the communication and energy com- tributed algorithm; Topology Formation plexity of the distributed algorithm. As soon as the informa- 1. INTRODUCTION tion exchange involves close neighbors, the complexity is low and the resulting distributed self-reconfiguration smoothly Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) is the new fron- scales along with network size. Considering a moderate com- tier of technology that empowers the batch fabrication of plexity in message, execution time, number of movements miniature mechanical devices. MEMS are miniaturized and and memory usage finding an optimal configuration is still low-power devices with the ability to sense and act in their an open issue and the logical topology of the network has environment. High expectation is put in the mass produc- to optimize through rearrangement of the physical topology. tion of MEMS nodes, making them a very a↵ordable tech- Several microrobotics projects are following these assump- nology. Their small size and the batch fabrication process tions. Harvard University Kilobots project aims at achiev- ing a scalable and self-assembly design for microrobotics Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed [21]. Swarms of Kilobots, composed of thousands of tiny for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full cita- modular microrobots, move through vibration motors on a tion on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than lucid plane, which is used to reflect infrared beams as a ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or re- mean of communication. Another advanced instance of mi- publish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission crorobotics is the Claytronics project by Carnegie Mellon and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]. University and Intel. In all these modular robots the possi- NANOCOM15 September 21 - 22, 2015, Boston, MA, USA Copyright 2015 ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-3674-1/15/09 ...$15.00. bility to have wireless communications may facilitate topol- http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2800795.2800803. ogy formation and maintenance as well as lower the energy Table 1: Catoms parameters and characteristics [1] Macro Micro Nano Dimensions > 1 cm > 1 mm < 10 µm Weight tens of g hundreds of g < 1 mg Power <2W tens of mW tens of nW Locomotive Mecha- Programmable Electrostatics Aerosol nism Magnets or ElectroMagnets Adhesion Mechanism Nanofiber Adhe- Programmable Molecular surface sives or Magnets nanofiber adhe- adhesion and co- sives valent bonds Manufacturing Conventional Micro/Nano- Chemically Methods manufacturing fabrication and directed self- and assembly micro-assembly assembly and fabrication Resolution Low High High Cost $$$/catom $/catom Millicents/catom consumption of the microrobots. In the following we focus electrostatic force and as a direct communication mean. By on Claytronics project as an example and we investigate the actuating their features, catoms are able to move around use of nano-wireless communications framework. The re- their direct neighbors in the same way stepper motors nav- mainder of this paper is organized as follows: in Section II igate their surroundings (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2(a)). However, a brief presentation of Claytronics project is given, under- catoms maintain their ability to communicate. Di↵erent ver- lining how microrobots work and cooperate and the open sions of catoms has been built and dimensions go from 8 cu- challenges. Section III deals with nano-wireless communica- bic meters (Giant Helium Catoms) to 4 centimeters (Planar tions operating in Terahertz band, Section IV will present an Catoms in Figure 2(b)) and to few millimeters (Millime- addressing scheme that is feasible with microrobotics con- ters Scale Catoms) [1]. Bigger catoms are used to evaluate straints and finally Section V will summarize the ideas about forces interaction and physical properties. Table 1 summa- using nanowireless communication for microrobotics. rizes technical parameters of catoms such as weight, power consumption and manufacturing methods. The adoption of wireless communications for catoms has been investigated in 2. CLAYTRONICS MICROROBOTS [4]. Results show that wireless communications in a network Claytronics is a concept that combines nanoscale robotics enhances the way catoms are communicating, improving the and computer science to create individual nanometer-scale communication range and allowing easy way of broadcast- computers called catoms, which can interact with each other ing information. Several catoms form an ensemble, which to form shapes. This idea is more broadly referred to as Pro- is a dense environment in the communication range. Most grammable Matter. Other approaches to modular robotics control algorithms would improve performances from broad- used to create a conglomerate of tens or even hundreds of casting capability, speeding information di↵usion process, small autonomous robots which move in coordination to allowing neighbor discovery and providing ability to com- achieve a global e↵ect not possible by any single unit [1]. municate with non contiguous groups of catoms. Broad- casted messages can also be used as a form of synchroniza- tion, which is very useful when coordinating movements of groups of catoms. In Claytronics energy is provided to each catom from an external power source, and if required can be routed from catom to catom. From a topological point of view, a catoms ensemble can be viewed as a connected undirected graph G =(V ; E) modeling the MEMS network. v V , is a node belonging to the network and, e E is2 a bidirectional edge representing the communication2 be- (a) Node modeling, (b) Two planar tween two physical neighbors. For each node v V , the in each movement catoms set of neighbors of v is denoted as N(v)=u;(u2; v) E. the node travels the 2 same distance Each node v V knows the set of its neighbors in G, N(v). Furthermore,2 the set N(v) is the unique initial and instanta- neous information received by the node. It is assumed that every node systematically updates the set of its neighbors N(v) after a local change. In [7] the following definitions are given: Connectivity: a graph G =(V ; E) is said connected, if • v V ; u V a tuple Cv,u =(ev; ; ...; e( , ); ... (c) Traveled distance 8 2 8 2 9 − − − ; e( ,u)), where ex,y E is a edge from x to y and Cv,u Figure 2: Catoms characteristics and features [7] represents− a path from2 v to u. The main design goal of Claytronics is to scale to mil- Snap-Connectivity:LetT be the full-time running of • lions of micro-scale units. Each Claytronics MEMS micro- a Distributed Algorithm (DA), and t1,t2,...,tn are dif- robot is equipped with structures called “features”. Those ferent time instants of DA execution (rounds). Let the features are used as attachments using electromagnetic or dynamic graph Gt(Vt; Et) the network state at the in- (a) PASC (b) PAUC Figure 3: An example of execution of PASC [7] and PAUC [10] with 9 nodes stant t.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Claytronics - a Synthetic Reality D.Abhishekh, B.Ramakantha Reddy, Y.Vijaya Kumar, A.Basi Reddy
    International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 3, March‐2013 ISSN 2229‐5518 Claytronics - A Synthetic Reality D.Abhishekh, B.Ramakantha Reddy, Y.Vijaya Kumar, A.Basi Reddy, Abstract— "Claytronics" is an emerging field of electronics concerning reconfigurable nanoscale robots ('claytronic atoms', or catoms) designed to form much larger scale machines or mechanisms. Also known as "programmable matter", the catoms will be sub-millimeter computers that will eventually have the ability to move around, communicate with each others, change color, and electrostatically connect to other catoms to form different shapes. Claytronics technology is currently being researched by Professor Seth Goldstein and Professor Todd C. Mowry at Carnegie Mellon University, which is where the term was coined. According to Carnegie Mellon's Synthetic Reality Project personnel, claytronics are described as "An ensemble of material that contains sufficient local computation, actuation, storage, energy, sensing, and communication" which can be programmed to form interesting dynamic shapes and configurations. Index Terms— programmable matter, nanoscale robots, catoms, atoms, electrostatically, LED, LATCH —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION magine the concept of "programmable matter" -- micro- or which are ringed by several electromagnets are able to move I nano-scale devices which can combine to form the shapes of around each other to form a variety of shapes. Containing ru- physical objects, reassembling themselves as we needed. An dimentary processors and drawing electricity from a board that ensemble of material called catoms that contains sufficient local they rest upon. So far only four catoms have been operated to- computation, actuation, storage, energy, sensing & communica- gether. The plan though is to have thousands of them moving tion which can be programmed to form interesting dynamic around each other to form whatever shape is desired and to shapes and configurations.
    [Show full text]
  • Make Robots Be Bats: Specializing Robotic Swarms to the Bat Algorithm
    © <2019>. This manuscript version is made available under the CC- BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/4.0/ Accepted Manuscript Make robots Be Bats: Specializing robotic swarms to the Bat algorithm Patricia Suárez, Andrés Iglesias, Akemi Gálvez PII: S2210-6502(17)30633-8 DOI: 10.1016/j.swevo.2018.01.005 Reference: SWEVO 346 To appear in: Swarm and Evolutionary Computation BASE DATA Received Date: 24 July 2017 Revised Date: 20 November 2017 Accepted Date: 9 January 2018 Please cite this article as: P. Suárez, André. Iglesias, A. Gálvez, Make robots Be Bats: Specializing robotic swarms to the Bat algorithm, Swarm and Evolutionary Computation BASE DATA (2018), doi: 10.1016/j.swevo.2018.01.005. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Make Robots Be Bats: Specializing Robotic Swarms to the Bat Algorithm Patricia Su´arez1, Andr´esIglesias1;2;:, Akemi G´alvez1;2 1Department of Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, University of Cantabria Avda. de los Castros, s/n, 39005, Santander, SPAIN 2Department of Information Science, Faculty of Sciences Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama 274-8510, Funabashi, JAPAN :Corresponding author: [email protected] http://personales.unican.es/iglesias Abstract Bat algorithm is a powerful nature-inspired swarm intelligence method proposed by Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Pairbot: a Novel Model for Autonomous Mobile Robot Systems
    Pairbot:ANOVEL MODEL FOR AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOT SYSTEMS CONSISTING OF PAIRED ROBOTS APREPRINT Yonghwan Kim Yoshiaki Katayama Koichi Wada Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Department of Applied Informatics Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Institute of Technology Hosei University Aichi, Japan Aichi, Japan Tokyo, Japan [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] October 1, 2020 ABSTRACT Programmable matter consists of many self-organizing computational entities which are autonomous and cooperative with one another to achieve a goal and it has been widely studied in various fields, e.g., robotics or mobile agents, theoretically and practically. In the field of computer science, programmable matter can be theoretically modeled as a distributed system consisting of simple and small robots equipped with limited capabilities, e.g., no memory and/or no geometrical coordination. A lot of theoretical research is studied based on such theoretical models, to clarify the relation between the solvability of various problems and the considered models. We newly propose a computational model named Pairbot model where two autonomous mobile robots operate as a pair on a grid plane. In Pairbot model, every robot has the one robot as its unique partner, called buddy, each other. We call the paired two robots pairbot. Two robots in one pairbot can recognize each other, and repeatedly change their geometrical relationships, long and short, to achieve the goal. In this paper, as a first step to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed Pairbot model, we introduce two simple problems, the marching problem and the object coating problem, and propose two algorithms to solve these two problems, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking
    1 Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking: A Top-Down Perspective Filip Lemic∗, Sergi Abadaly, Wouter Tavernierz, Pieter Stroobantz, Didier Collez, Eduard Alarcon´ y, Johann Marquez-Barja∗, Jeroen Famaey∗ ∗Internet Technology and Data Science Lab (IDLab), Universiteit Antwerpen - imec, Belgium yNaNoNetworking Center in Catalunya (N3Cat), Universitat Politecnica` de Catalunya, Spain zInternet Technology and Data Science Lab (IDLab), Ghent University - imec, Belgium Email: fi[email protected] Abstract—Recent developments in nanotechnology herald Communication and coordination among the nanodevices, nanometer-sized devices expected to bring light to a number of as well as between them and the macro-scale world, will groundbreaking applications. Communication with and among be required to achieve the full promise of such applications. nanodevices will be needed for unlocking the full potential of such applications. As the traditional communication approaches Thus, several alternative nanocommunication paradigms have cannot be directly applied in nanocommunication, several alter- emerged in the recent years, the most promising ones being native paradigms have emerged. Among them, electromagnetic electromagnetic, acoustic, mechanical, and molecular commu- nanocommunication in the terahertz (THz) frequency band is nication [2]. particularly promising, mainly due to the breakthrough of novel In molecular nanocommunication, a transmitting device materials such as graphene. For this reason, numerous research efforts are nowadays targeting THz band nanocommunication releases molecules into a propagation medium, with the and consequently nanonetworking. As it is expected that these molecules being used as the information carriers [3]. Acoustic trends will continue in the future, we see it beneficial to nanocommunication utilizes pressure variations in the (fluid summarize the current status in these research domains.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanomedicine and Medical Nanorobotics - Robert A
    BIOTECHNOLOGY– Vol .XII – Nanomedicine and Medical nanorobotics - Robert A. Freitas Jr. NANOMEDICINE AND MEDICAL NANOROBOTICS Robert A. Freitas Jr. Institute for Molecular Manufacturing, Palo Alto, California, USA Keywords: Assembly, Nanomaterials, Nanomedicine, Nanorobot, Nanorobotics, Nanotechnology Contents 1. Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine 2. Medical Nanomaterials and Nanodevices 2.1. Nanopores 2.2. Artificial Binding Sites and Molecular Imprinting 2.3. Quantum Dots and Nanocrystals 2.4. Fullerenes and Nanotubes 2.5. Nanoshells and Magnetic Nanoprobes 2.6. Targeted Nanoparticles and Smart Drugs 2.7. Dendrimers and Dendrimer-Based Devices 2.8. Radio-Controlled Biomolecules 3. Microscale Biological Robots 4. Medical Nanorobotics 4.1. Early Thinking in Medical Nanorobotics 4.2. Nanorobot Parts and Components 4.3. Self-Assembly and Directed Parts Assembly 4.4. Positional Assembly and Molecular Manufacturing 4.5. Medical Nanorobot Designs and Scaling Studies Acknowledgments Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Nanomedicine is the process of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and traumatic injury, of relieving pain, and of preserving and improving human health, using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body. UNESCO – EOLSS In the relatively near term, nanomedicine can address many important medical problems by using nanoscale-structured materials and simple nanodevices that can be manufactured SAMPLEtoday, including the interaction CHAPTERS of nanostructured materials with biological systems. In the mid-term, biotechnology will make possible even more remarkable advances in molecular medicine and biobotics, including microbiological biorobots or engineered organisms. In the longer term, perhaps 10-20 years from today, the earliest molecular machine systems and nanorobots may join the medical armamentarium, finally giving physicians the most potent tools imaginable to conquer human disease, ill-health, and aging.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Modular Robots
    Introduction to modular robots Speakers Houxiang Zhang Juan González Gómez Houxiang Zhang 1 Houxiang Zhang 2 Outline of today’s talk ● What is a modular robot? ● Review of modular robots – Classification – History of modular robots – Challenging ● From Y1 to GZ -I, our modular robot – Y1 modular robot and related research – GZ-I module ● Control hardware realization ● Locomotion controlling method ● Current research Houxiang Zhang 3 Acknowledgments ● ““BioinspirationBioinspirationand Robotics: Walking and Climbing Robots” Edited by: Maki K. Habib, Publisher: I-Tech Education and Publishing, Vienna, Austria, ISBN 978-3-902613-15-8. – http://s.i-techonline.com/Book/ ● Other great work and related information on the internet – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self- Reconfiguring_Modular_Robotics Houxiang Zhang 4 Lecture material ● Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robot Systems: Challenges and Opportunities for the Future , by Yim, Shen, Salemi, Rus, Moll, Lipson, Klavins & Chirikjian, published in IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine March 2007. ● Self-Reconfigurable Robot: Shape-Changing Cellular Robots Can Exceed Conventional Robot Flexibility, by Murata & Kurokawa, published in IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine March 2007. ● Locomotion Princippfles of 1D Top pgyology Pitch and Pitch-Yaw-Connecting Modular Robots, by Juan Gonzalez-Gomez, Houxiang Zhang, Eduardo Boemo, One Chapter in Book of "Bioinspiration and Robotics: Walking and Climbing Robots", 2007, pp.403- 428. ● Locomotion Capabilities of a Modular Robot with Eight Pitch-Yaw-Connecting
    [Show full text]
  • Swarm Robotics”
    applied sciences Editorial Editorial: Special Issue “Swarm Robotics” Giandomenico Spezzano Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8-9C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; [email protected] Received: 1 April 2019; Accepted: 2 April 2019; Published: 9 April 2019 Swarm robotics is the study of how to coordinate large groups of relatively simple robots through the use of local rules so that a desired collective behavior emerges from their interaction. The group behavior emerging in the swarms takes its inspiration from societies of insects that can perform tasks that are beyond the capabilities of the individuals. The swarm robotics inspired from nature is a combination of swarm intelligence and robotics [1], which shows a great potential in several aspects. The activities of social insects are often based on a self-organizing process that relies on the combination of the following four basic rules: Positive feedback, negative feedback, randomness, and multiple interactions [2,3]. Collectively working robot teams can solve a problem more efficiently than a single robot while also providing robustness and flexibility to the group. The swarm robotics model is a key component of a cooperative algorithm that controls the behaviors and interactions of all individuals. In the model, the robots in the swarm should have some basic functions, such as sensing, communicating, motioning, and satisfy the following properties: 1. Autonomy—individuals that create the swarm-robotic system are autonomous robots. They are independent and can interact with each other and the environment. 2. Large number—they are in large number so they can cooperate with each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Communication Technology: a Comparison Between Claytronics and 3-D Printing Vijay Laxmi Kalyani, Divya Bansal
    Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT) Volume -3, Issue- 4, Aug. 2016, ISSN: 2394 - 8124 Impact Factor : 4.564 (2015) Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected] Future Communication Technology: A Comparison Between Claytronics And 3-D Printing Vijay Laxmi Kalyani, Divya Bansal Vijay Laxmi Kalyani, Assistant professor, Government Mahila Engineering College, Ajmer [email protected] Divya Bansal, ECE, B.Tech Third Year student, Government Mahila Engineering College, Ajmer Abstract: Man has always dreamt of changing the world around him; this led him to gradual advancement of beating drums or waving flags, etc. Human involvement is communication technology that brought into reality the necessary at every stage of communication. In modern things, which were once termed impossible. It may be communication systems, the information is first converted possible that in future-a chair can change its shape into into electrical signals and then sent electronically. We use a bed; the car could automatically change their shape, many of these systems such as telephone, TV and radio colour and size etc. The cell phone could turn into a communication, satellite communication etc. laptop, and when the work is done it will turn back into a cell phone or any other object we want it to become. The technology that allows this kind of shape shifting is called Claytronics. Claytronics is a collection of programmable matter. It is also known as catoms. These The work of the earlier scientists of 19th century and 20th catoms can work together in a vast network to build 3D century like J.C Bose, F.B.
    [Show full text]
  • CLAYTRONICS Subtitle]
    [Type the document CLAYTRONICS subtitle] By- Index 1. Introduction 2 2. Major Goals 3 3. Programmable Matter 4 4. Synthetic reality 7 5. Ensemble Principle 7 6. C-Atoms 8 7. Pario 9 8. Algorithms 10 9. Scaling and Designing of C-atoms 12 10. Hardware 13 11. Software 15 12. Application of Claytronics 16 13. Summary 17 14. Bibliography 18 Page | 1 CLAYTRONICS INTRODUCTION: In the past 50 years, computers have shrunk from room-size mainframes to lightweight handhelds. This fantastic miniaturization is primarily the result of high-volume Nano scale manufacturing. While this technology has predominantly been applied to logic and memory, it’s now being used to create advanced micro-electromechanical systems using both top-down and bottom-up processes. One possible outcome of continued progress in high-volume Nano scale assembly is the ability to inexpensively produce millimeter-scale units that integrate computing, sensing, actuation, and locomotion mechanisms. A collection of such units can be viewed as a form of programmable matter. Claytronics is an abstract future concept that combines Nano scale robotics and computer science to create individual nanometer-scale computers called claytronic atoms, or catoms, which can interact with each other to form tangible 3-D objects that a user can interact with. This idea is more broadly referred to as programmable matter. Claytronics is a form a programmable matter that takes the concept of modular robots to a new extreme. The concept of modular robots has been around for some time. Previous approaches to modular robotics sought to create an ensemble of tens or even hundreds of small autonomous robots which could, through coordination, achieve a global effect not possible by any single unit.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Nanotechnology - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Molecular nanotechnology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_manufacturing Molecular nanotechnology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Molecular manufacturing) Part of the article series on Molecular nanotechnology (MNT) is the concept of Nanotechnology topics Molecular Nanotechnology engineering functional mechanical systems at the History · Implications Applications · Organizations molecular scale.[1] An equivalent definition would be Molecular assembler Popular culture · List of topics "machines at the molecular scale designed and built Mechanosynthesis Subfields and related fields atom-by-atom". This is distinct from nanoscale Nanorobotics Nanomedicine materials. Based on Richard Feynman's vision of Molecular self-assembly Grey goo miniature factories using nanomachines to build Molecular electronics K. Eric Drexler complex products (including additional Scanning probe microscopy Engines of Creation Nanolithography nanomachines), this advanced form of See also: Nanotechnology Molecular nanotechnology [2] nanotechnology (or molecular manufacturing ) Nanomaterials would make use of positionally-controlled Nanomaterials · Fullerene mechanosynthesis guided by molecular machine systems. MNT would involve combining Carbon nanotubes physical principles demonstrated by chemistry, other nanotechnologies, and the molecular Nanotube membranes machinery Fullerene chemistry Applications · Popular culture Timeline · Carbon allotropes Nanoparticles · Quantum dots Colloidal gold · Colloidal
    [Show full text]
  • Uses of Nanorobotics Technology
    Volume II, Issue IV, APRIL 2013 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 - 2540 USES OF NANOROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY Dr. Gaurav Kumar Jain Deepshikha Group of Colleges [email protected] Mr. Sandeep Joshi Deepshikha Group of Colleges Mr. Ravi Ranjan Deepshikha Group of Colleges ABSTRACT Illnesses such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases Nanorobotics is the technology of creating continue to ravage people around the world. machines or robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer (10−9 NANOROBOTICS THEORY:- meters). More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely hypothetical Since nanorobots would be microscopic in nanotechnology engineering discipline of size, it would probably be necessary for very designing and building nanorobots, devices large numbers of them to work together to ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and perform microscopic and macroscopic tasks. constructed of nanoscale or molecular These nanorobot swarms, both those which components. As no artificial non-biological are incapable of replication (as in utility fog) nanorobots have yet been created, they and those which are capable of remain a hypothetical concept. The names unconstrained replication in the natural nanobots, nanoids, nanites or nanomites also environment (as in grey goo and its less have been used to describe these common variants), are found in many hypothetical devices. science fiction stories, such as the Borg nanoprobes in Star Trek. The word KEY WORDS "nanobot" (also "nanite", "nanogene", or Nanorobot, approaches and Applications "nanoant") is often used to indicate this fictional context and is an informal or even INTRODUCTION pejorative term to refer to the engineering concept of nanorobots.
    [Show full text]
  • Assembly and Disassembly of Magnetic Mobile Micro-Robots Towards Deterministic 2-D Reconfigurable Micro-Systems
    Assembly and Disassembly of Magnetic Mobile Micro-Robots towards Deterministic 2-D Reconfigurable Micro-Systems Eric Diller,∗ Chytra Pawashe,y Steven Floyd,z and Metin Sittix Abstract rise to synthetic reality (Goldstein et al. (2005)). This is similar to virtual or augmented reality, where a computer can generate A primary challenge in the field of reconfigurable robotics and modify an arbitrary object. However, in synthetic reality, is scaling down the size of individual robotic modules. We this object has physical realization. A primary goal for pro- present a novel set of permanent magnet modules that are grammable matter is scaling down the size of each individual under 1 mm in all dimensions, called Mag-µMods, for use in module, with the aim of increasing spatial resolution of the final a reconfigurable micro-system. The modules are actuated by assembled product. Currently, the smallest deterministic, actu- oscillating external magnetic fields of several mT in strength, ated module in a reconfigurable robotic system fits inside a 2 and are capable of locomoting on a 2-D surface. Multiple cm cube (Yoshida et al. (2001)), which is a self-contained mod- modules are controlled by using an electrostatic anchoring ule that is actuated using shape memory alloy. Scaling down surface, which can selectively prevent specific modules from further into the sub-millimeter scale brings new issues, includ- being driven by the external field while allowing others to ing module fabrication, control, and communication. move freely. We address the challenges of both assembling Micro-robotics technologies of the past few years have been and disassembling two modules.
    [Show full text]