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Clavulina Incrustata, a New Species from Pernambuco, Brazil

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Clavulina Incrustata, a New Species from Pernambuco, Brazil Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2012, 33 (1): 105-113 © 2012 Adac. Tous droits réservés Clavulina incrustata, a new species from Pernambuco, Brazil Felipe WARTCHOW* Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia/CCEN, CEP: 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, BRAZIL. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract – Clavulina incrustata is described from Atlantic Forest of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, and is characterized by the branched basidiomata, hymenium pale vinaceous fading to very pale cream-vinaceous, small subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal basidiospores, and context hyphae bearing ferrugineous brown incrusted matter. Illustrations of the holotype and a key for Neotropical taxa are provided. Atlantic Forest / Cantharellaceae / Clavulinaceae / neotropics / taxonomy Résumé – Clavulina incrustata, décrite de la forêt atlantique de Pernambuco, Brésil, est caractérisé par la ramification typique, la couleur vineuse de l’hyménium devenant ensuite couleur crème, les basidiospores pétites et subglobuleuses à subellipsoïdes et son context contenant des hyphes incrustées de matière brun ferrugineux. La nouvelle espèce est illustrée et une clé aux espèces néotropicales est fournie. Cantharellaceae / Clavulinaceae / Forêt Atlantique / néotropiques / taxonomie INTRODUCTION Clavulina J. Schröt. is a genus in the order Cantharellales (De Kesel et al. 2011, Nakasone 2011). It often produces clavarioid basidioma and is distinguished by smooth basidiospores, basidia with stichic nuclear division that often develop a transversal septum, cornuted sterigmata and the ectomycorrhizal nature (Henkel et al. 2005, 2011). According to the latest version of the Dictionary of the Fungi (Kirk et al. 2008) Clavulina comprises 40 species with a widespread distribution. However, the more recent account by Uehling et al. (2012) reports on 75 taxa described hitherto as many species have very recently been described, especially from the Neotropics. In all, 19 taxa of Clavulina (17 of them new species) were discovered in Guyana near to the frontier with Brazil (Thacker & Henkel 2004, Henkel et al. 2005, 2011, 2012, Uehling et al. 2012) where Clavulina is considered as one of the conspicuous elements of the ectomycorrhizal connection with the canopy tree Dycimbe corymbosa (Henkel et al. 2002) and as one of the most diverse ECM associations of Guyana and Western Amazon, that has its center of diversity in tropical South America (Tedersoo et al. 2010, Smith et al. 2011). Molecular analysis of the recent taxa described from the neotropics also allowed for an important emendation of the classical concept of Clavulina, which is no longer restricted to typical clavarioid taxa (e.g. Larsson et al. 2004, Thacker & Henkel 2004, Uehling et al. 2011). * Corresponding author. 106 F. Wartchow From Brazil, Hennings (1904) and Rick (1959) recorded putative Clavulina species from the States of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul respectively; Corner (1950, 1970) reported five species, C. amazonica Corner, C. connata (Berk.) Corner, C. delicia (Berk.) Corner, C. panurensis (Berk.) Corner and C. sprucei (Berk.) Corner, from the state of Amazonas, and C. cirrhata (Berk.) Corner from an imprecise locality. Other works that cited Clavulina in Brazil are Bononi (1979) and Bononi et al. (1981) with C. floridana (Murrill) Corner and C. panurensis from the State of São Paulo; Sobestiansky (2005), with C. coralloides (Fr.: Fr.) J. Schröt.; de Meijer (2006), who reported C. cf. coralloides, C. puigarii (Speg.) Corner and C. aff. rugosa (Bull.: Fr) J. Schröt. from the state of Paraná; and Gomes-Silva & Gibertoni (2009a), reported C. cirrhata from Amazonas. More recently, Baltazar & Gibertoni (2009), in a check-list based exclusively on bibliographic references, cited C. coralloides, C. floridana and C. panurensis from the State of São Paulo, and C. cartilaginea (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Corner and C. delicia from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In another Brazilian checklist, Gomes-Silva & Gibertoni (2009b) cited all taxa previously reported by Corner (1950) from Amazon, except C. amazonica which was described later (Corner 1970). In the state of Pernambuco, this genus is cited only once, by Wartchow (2012), with C. amazonensis. The aim of this work is to describe a new species of Clavulina from the Atlantic Forest of the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Atlantic Forest has been drastically reduced to several small fragments since the beginning of the colonization of Brazil in 1500 AD (Kimmel et al. 2008). The “Refúgio Ecológico Charles Darwin” (07º48’37”-07º49’02” S and 34º27’25”-34º56’52”W), is a protected private area of about 60 ha located at the municipality of Igarassu, in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil (Costa- Lima 1998), corresponding to an Atlantic Forest fragment surrounded by agricultural areas (mainly sugar cane plantations), and has a tree stratum 8-15 m high (Santiago & Barros, 2003). Basidiospores were measured in KOH and measurements are based on 25 spores. Abbreviations include L(W) = basidiospore length (width) average, Q gives the length/width ratio range from measured spores with in bold the average value. The key presented here is based exclusively on the literature (Corner 1950, Petersen 1964, 1984, 1988, Henkel et al. 2005, 2011, Thacker & Henkel 2004). Color code references follow the Online Auction Color chart (2004). The holotype is deposited at URM (Thiers, continuously updated). TAXONOMY Clavulina incrustata Wartchow sp. nov. Figs 1-2 MycoBank: MB 561193 Holotypus: BRAZIL. PERNAMBUCO,IGARASSU,REFÚGIO ECOLÓGICO CHARLES DARWIN, MAY 25, 2010, F. WARTCHOW 22/2010 (URM). Etymology: refers to the extracellular incrustations on the hyphae of the context. Clavulina incrustata, a new species from Pernambuco, Brazil 107 Fig. 1. A-B. Clavulina incrustata (holotype). A. Basidiomes after about 20 hours. B. Hyphal segment from the context of the hymenial portion mounted with water. Scale bar is 10 mm for basidiome and 10 µm for microstructures. 108 F. Wartchow Fig. 2. Clavulina incrustata. A. Basidiospores. B. Basidia, basidioles and subhymenial elements. C. Context hyphae mounted in KOH. Scale bar is 10 µm. BASIDIOMES gregarious, each cluster up to 45 mm high and 18 mm wide, arising from the same stipe or the same point with apparent caespitose habit, but with separated stipe base; tough after dried. HYMENIUM amphigenous, pale vinaceous (OAC 611-613) fading to very pale cream-vinaceous (OAC 676) then cream to dirty white with shades of the vinaceous color; dichotomously branched, Clavulina incrustata, a new species from Pernambuco, Brazil 109 sometimes trichotomous, appearing spur-like at apices; branches sometimes laterally flattened, acuminate at apices, branching rank 2-3. STIPE 10-18 × 2-3.5 mm, brown (OAC 747) or dark brown (darker than OAC 733); straight and laterally compressed three ramifications, smooth, glabrous. ODOR indistinct; TASTE not recorded. BASIDIOSPORES (6.5-) 6.8-8 (-8.3) × 5.7-6.8 (-7) µm, L = 7.3 µm; W = 6.3 µm, Q = (1.04-) 1.11-1.20 (-1.21), Q = 1.14, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, very occasionally globose, hyaline, thin-walled; contents as one large guttule; hilar appendix sublateral or subapical, rounded obtuse. BASIDIA 43-51 × 6.5-7 µm (width measured at apex), clavate-elongate, 2-spored (very infrequently 1-3); sterigmata cornute up to 5 µm long, slightly thick-walled up to 0.7 µm thick, clamps not observed. BASIDIOLES slender clavate, abundant among basidia. SUBHYMENIUM composed of slender, colorless thin-walled hyphae around 5 µm wide. CONTEXT composed of hyphae 3-8 µm wide, interwoven, hyaline, wall 0.5-0.7 µm thick, occasionally trumpet swollen at septa; inflated hyphae 11-13 µm wide, infrequently observed. Ferruginous brown incrusted extracellular matter observed in water, Melzer’s reagent and KOH 3%, sometimes dissolved into brown liquid in this latter reagent. CLAMP CONNECTIONS nearly absent to very rare (only two observed in the context). Habitat: gregarious and scattered on soil among tropical Atlantic Forest trees, as for example, Coccoloba sp. (pers. observ.). Alves-Araujo et al. (2008) published a list of tree species from fragments of Atlantic Forest, although not exactly from our type-locality. They reported taxa of Leguminosae (all subfamilies), Nyctaginaceae (three species of Guapira) and Polygonaceae (seven Coccoloba spp.), all representing neotropical ectomycorrhizal trees (e.g. Tedersoo et al. 2010, Smith et al. 2011). Remarks: Clavulina incrustata is difficult to overlook in the field due to the pale vinaceous hymenial surface. After refrigeration for one day, the basidiome color fades to pale cream-vinaceous then cream to dirty white with shades of the vinaceous color. Microscopically, size and shape of the basidiospores, ferruginous brown incrusted hyphae and nearly absent clamp connections are diagnostic. The new species could be compared to Clavulina ornatipes (Peck) Corner (Petersen, pers. corresp.), a taxon with northern- hemisphere distribution, from the USA to far-east Asia, but not in Europe. It differs in the dull tan to leaden gray color of the branches, more strigose stipe and larger basidiospores, of which the smallest mean is 9.2 × 7.7 µm and the largest 10.8 × 9.5 µm (Petersen 1964). Another clampless taxon, C. cartilaginea (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Corner from Cuba and Malaya shares a vinacecous tint of branches, but differs in its concolorous stipe with often strigose base, much more polychotomous branches in one plane (palmate-flabellate), larger basidiomes up
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