Nosferatu. Revista De Cine (Donostia Kultura)

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Nosferatu. Revista De Cine (Donostia Kultura) Nosferatu. Revista de cine (Donostia Kultura) Título: René Clément. En la nave de los malditos Autor/es: La Torre, José Mª Citar como: La Torre, JM. (2005). René Clément. En la nave de los malditos. Nosferatu. Revista de cine. (48):156-161. Documento descargado de: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/41410 Copyright: Reserva de todos los derechos (NO CC) La digitalización de este artículo se enmarca dentro del proyecto "Estudio y análisis para el desarrollo de una red de conocimiento sobre estudios fílmicos a través de plataformas web 2.0", financiado por el Plan Nacional de I+D+i del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España (código HAR2010-18648), con el apoyo de Biblioteca y Documentación Científica y del Área de Sistemas de Información y Comunicaciones (ASIC) del Vicerrectorado de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Entidades colaboradoras: rólogo que podría servir de epílogo René Clément p "El grave error de la Nouvelle Vague fue intentar volver anticuado el sistema de producción que había permitido, p. ej. , a A utant­ Enlanavede Lara hacer 1111 film como Douce. Con ese pretexto, de un día para otro fueron 'excomulgados' realiza­ los malditos dores como Delmmoy o A utant Lara" (Aiexandre Astruc). José Maria La torre "¡\1ns tarde amé a cineastas a los que en aq uella época había subvalorado, como René Clément y Au­ tant-Lara" (Ciaude Chabrol). Fmnlziako Linw:~lt'lll :: iaf¡o kic!t•aktiú oa, Ht~ll t' ('{¡~me nl l'k dokumen 1olorl'l/ 1'1a "Para ocupar el terreno, los de la N. V. hicieron .fikziorm•n arlean da{!.'Of'll pelikula batektil una limpieza loca de los realizadores de la genera­ hustin l l'/1/an uim hm•kamnu.¡_ Pelikulok. ción que los había precedido ... Hubo una moviliza­ l.a llalaille du mil-1•k. Oku¡)(J:.ioan ción contra Duvivier, Delannoy, Le Chanois... No se :.r·lwrlrmbicleko langileek bl'lr• zull'll podía criticar con tanta fuerza y maldad como hicie­ ron si 110 era para tomar el puesto de los desacredi­ zerer,'ti 10 errebindikat zen zu<'ll. Bl'rl' tados" (Jacques Deray). oudorl'ngn kan'frak kutsu ek/t>litikoogoa lmrlu :zul'n. bcrlan Patricio Highsmithf'll "Todos iban contra el pobre Delannoy. ¿Pero De­ nohrlen egokit::-a¡Jt'll OII I'IW/([ko lHII lannoy era tan malo? Para tomar el poder es preciso uuÚWl/11'1/lzcn den arren: Plrin .'iO/eil. dejar limpia la plaza... Es el viejo diktat revolucio- nario: es preciso destruir la sociedad para crear u11a lista de la producción francesa entre 1945 y 1960 nueva. Es 1111 absurdo total, porque nu11ca se colls­ soqJrende encontrar en ella una buena cantidad de tmyennuevas sociedades, siempre se constmye sobre excelentes o interesantes fi lmes que fueron menos­ sociedades que existen" (Costa-Gavras). preciados o sil enciados por las intrigas de los llama­ dos "jóvenes turcos": títulos de René C lément, Clau­ "Estoy convencidísimo de que los de la N. V. han de A utant-Lara, Julien D uviv ier, H enri-Georges hecho filmes menos bellos que los cineastas a los Clouzot, Maree! Carné, Jean Delannoy, André Caya­ que masacraron. Nunca han superado a Clouzot, tte, Christi an-Jaque, Henri Decoin ... Uno de los c i­ Clémenl, Duvivier, Auta111-Lara" (Ciaude Lelouch). neastas que en aquella época oJieció mayor cantidad de fi lmes dignos de atención f1te René Clément. "No es que m11es 110 hubiera buenos cineastas, basta citar a Bresson, Becker, Clouzot, Autant-Lara. En T ras las h uellas de René C lément Cahiers ... escribieron cosas terribles, los dejaron de verdad lirados en el polvo, fue una cosa indigna" Si bien el paisaje vital de René Clément abarca desde (Louis Malle). 19 13 hasta 1996, y su paisaje laboral desde 1934 hasta 1975, su época más brillante como cineasta (la "i\1/e gustaban mucho los cineastas franceses ante­ que interesa aquí) comienza en 1945, con La Ba tai­ riOI·es, pero en aquella época 110 hacían buenas pelí• lle du rail, y acaba en 1959 con A p leno sol (Piein culas, aparte de René Cléme111, que rodó A p leno soleil), que es, con E xtraños en un tr en (Strangers sol, que 110 es de la N. V., y yo adoraba" (Ciaude 011 a Train ; A. Hitchcock, 1951 ), el mejor film roda­ Miller). do a partir de una novela de Patricia H ighsmith. Su activid ad cinematográfica hasta La Bataille du rail "La N. V. fue 1111 movimiento beneficioso pero de­ se reparte entre trabajos de ayudante de fotografía y masiado castrador: pusieron en la picota a gente dirección y reali zador de cortometrajes documenta­ que no lo merecía" (Edouard Molinaro). les, entre los que fi guran La Grande cha r treuse ( 1937), A r a bie inter d ite ( 1938), Paris la n u it "Había 11 11 desprecio y 1111a insolencia con respecto ( 1938) y Ceux du rail ( 1942), el cual guarda cierta al 'cine de papá' que superaban los límites" (Volker relación con el que sería su debut como director de Schl ondorft). largometrajes (al parecer, trabajó durante un tiempo 157 como gagman para Jacques Tati: casi un chiste ne­ "La violencia y la injusticia de alg11110S de los p1111- gro, dado el amor que los miembros de la Nouvelle los de vista de Franr;ois Tm./Jau/ en sus artículos Vague profesaban a este en contraposición a su des­ contra el 'cine de papá' eran cosas a las que 110 dén por Clément). Esa labor como documentalista podía aproximarme, 110 era mi estilo ni mi carácter" marcó sus primeras películas y permite entender su (Aiain Resnais). elección del reali smo, más todavía si se tiene en cuenta que surgieron precisamente en la época en "Creo que en los Cahiers ... hicieron dmio personal a que el neorreali smo itali ano cosechaba sus mayores muchos realizadores, porque intentaron, y lo consi­ éxitos críticos. Así las cosas, se puede afirmar que guieron, no considerar a una serie de cineastas sólo la obra de Clément se divide, dentro de la época que porque no pertenecían al clan de los amigos. Única­ me ocupa, en dos fases: en la primera, que abarca mente existía ese clan y todos los que no eran de él hasta Ger vaise ( 1955), el cineasta es fiel a su elec­ iban fuera, eran malos directores, en particular to­ ción del realismo; la segunda, de carácter más inter­ dos los viejos" (Alai n Robbe-Grillet). nacional y naturaleza más ecléctica, cuenta con la excelente Barrage contre le Pacifique (o La d iga Suele suceder, si bien, lamentablemente, hay excep­ su1 Pacifico: es una coproducción con Italia, 1958) ciones: el paso del ti empo es un buen j usticiero. y con la citada A pleno sol. Años después de la toma del poder del cine francés a manos de eso que se dio en etiquetar como Nouvelle En princip io, L a Bataillc du r aíl, quizá la primera Vague, muchos de sus integrantes han reconocido película importante sobre la Resistencia francesa, por fin lo injusto de su proceder con respecto al ci ne fue un corto titulado Résistance fer, en el que Clé­ de la generación precedente (mejor dicho, al cine ment explicaba qué aportaron a esa lucha los trabaja­ realizado por quienes no pertenecían a su clan: esto dores del fe rrocarril. Cuentan las leyendas que los puede ser aplicable a todos los ti empos y a todos los propios productores del corto, después de haberl o ámbit os, incluida hoy mismo la literatura; créanme, visto, sugirieron a Clément y al director de fotogra­ sé bien lo que digo). E l poder no deslumbra: ciega fía, Henr i Alekan, convertirlo en un largometraje; tanto corno la vanidad (aunque a veces los clanes de manteniendo ese cortometraje, el realizador, con la conspiradores tienen entre ellos mi smos al testigo de ayuda de Colette Audry, añadió una segunda parte de cargo de su infa mia: su propia obra). Si se repasa la ficción en la que, como en algunos filmes italianos de esa época, los actores profesionales se mezclaron ( 1947), Demasiado tarde (A u-del a des grilles 1 Le en el reparto con los a fi cionados. En la estructura mura di Malapaga, 1949) y Le C hateau de vcrre narrativa de La Bataille du raíl fi gura en lugar des­ ( 1950), a los que siguieron tres de sus Jilmes más tacado la tentativa de los trabajadores del ferrocarril famosos, necesarios para entender mejor su peculiar francés de sabotear un tren alemán cargado de mu­ concepción del realismo cinematográfico, cada vez niciones que se di rige a Normandía, y el relato, en el más teñido de novelesco. L os tres coinciden en ser que lo documental convive armónicamente con lo adaptaciones literarias: una popular novela de narrativo, comienza en la Ocupación para concluir Franyois Boyer en Juegos prohibidos (Jeux inler­ en los días de la Francia liberada, incluyendo algunos dils, 1951 ), a la que Clément es fi el incluso en su testimonios de miembros de la Resistencia. No se ausencia de excesos dramáticos; en Monsicur Ri­ crea, sin embargo, que el interés de René Clément pois (1954), una novela de Louis Hémon que desco­ por el realismo le hizo descuidar el tratamiento for­ nozco; en Gcrvaisc (1955), de Émile Zola (dadas mal; al contrario, el fi lm muestra ya a un cineasta las preferencias de Clément en esa época, no es inventi vo, lleno de recursos expresivos y muy intere­ extraño que su cine pasara en alguna ocasión por las sado por la música (una característica que no lo páginas del autor de Nana).
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