S/Res/2550 (2020)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Nomads' Settlement in Sudan: Experiences, Lessons and Future Action
Nomads’ Settlement in Sudan: Experiences, Lessons and Future action (STUDY 1) Copyright © 2006 By the United Nations Development Programme in Sudan House 7, Block 5, Avenue P.O. Box: 913 Khartoum, Sudan. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retreival system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronical, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. Printed by SCPP Editor: Ms: Angela Stephen Available through: United Nations Development Programme in Sudan House 7, Block 5, Avenue P.O. Box: 913 Khartoum, Sudan. www.sd.undp.org The analysis and policy recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations, including UNDP, its Executive Board or Member States. This study is the work of an independent team of authors sponsored by the Reduction of Resource Based Conflcit Project, which is supported by the United Nations Development Programme and partners. Contributing Authors The Core Team of researchers for this report comprised of: 1. Professor Mohamed Osman El Sammani, Former Professor of Geography, University of Khartoum, Team leader, Principal Investigator, and acted as the Report Task Coordinator. 2. Dr. Ali Abdel Aziz Salih, Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum. Preface Competition over natural resources, especially land, has become an issue of major concern and cause of conflict among the pastoral and farming populations of the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. Sudan, where pastoralists still constitute more than 20 percent of the population, is no exception. Raids and skirmishes among pastoral communities in rural Sudan have escalated over the recent years. -
Soil and Oil
COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE COALITION FOR I NTERNATIONAL JUSTICE SOIL AND OIL: DIRTY BUSINESS IN SUDAN February 2006 Coalition for International Justice 529 14th Street, N.W. Suite 1187 Washington, D.C., 20045 www.cij.org February 2006 i COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE COALITION FOR I NTERNATIONAL JUSTICE SOIL AND OIL: DIRTY BUSINESS IN SUDAN February 2006 Coalition for International Justice 529 14th Street, N.W. Suite 1187 Washington, D.C., 20045 www.cij.org February 2006 ii COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE © 2006 by the Coalition for International Justice. All rights reserved. February 2006 iii COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CIJ wishes to thank the individuals, Sudanese and not, who graciously contributed assistance and wisdom to the authors of this research. In particular, the authors would like to express special thanks to Evan Raymer and David Baines. February 2006 iv 25E 30E 35E SAUDI ARABIA ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT LIBYA Red Lake To To Nasser Hurghada Aswan Sea Wadi Halfa N u b i a n S aS D e s e r t ha ah raar a D De se es re tr t 20N N O R T H E R N R E D S E A 20N Kerma Port Sudan Dongola Nile Tokar Merowe Haiya El‘Atrun CHAD Atbara KaroraKarora RIVER ar Ed Damer ow i H NILE A d tb a a W Nile ra KHARTOUM KASSALA ERITREA NORTHERN Omdurman Kassala To Dese 15N KHARTOUM DARFUR NORTHERN 15N W W W GEZIRA h h KORDOFAN h i Wad Medani t e N i To le Gedaref Abéche Geneina GEDAREF Al Fasher Sinnar El Obeid Kosti Blu WESTERN Rabak e N i En Nahud le WHITE DARFUR SINNAR WESTERN NILE To Nyala Dese KORDOFAN SOUTHERN Ed Damazin Ed Da‘ein Al Fula KORDOFAN BLUE SOUTHERN Muglad Kadugli DARFUR NILE B a Paloich h 10N r e 10N l 'Arab UPPER NILE Abyei UNIT Y Malakal NORTHERN ETHIOPIA To B.A.G. -
United States Institute of Peace Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Sudan Experience Project
United States Institute of Peace Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Sudan Experience Project Interview # 19 - Executive Summary Interviewed by: Haven North Initial Interview Date: August 22, 2006 Copyright 2006 USIP & ADST The Interviewee was a high-ranking U.S. official assigned to Sudan from 1992- 95. During this time, the war between the North and the South was being “prosecuted in a brutal way” and “relief operations were being interrupted.” The U.S. “representations or charges (to both sides) were considered by both Governments “without foundation.” Therefore, “the U.S. policy was one of denouncing the excesses of the Sudanese Government, and denouncing their policies such as giving aid and refuge to terrorist organizations.” The Sudanese Government denied these charges, but came to the table to end the rebellion in the South and forge better relations with the West and the U.S. The Clinton Administration was “not as supportive of the SPLA,” but supported the IGAD, even though we did not participate in the negotiations. Former U.S. Ambassadors to Sudan Petterson and Kontos, as a private initiative, met with government and non-government representatives of the North and South. Their conclusion was that, as long as the was going on, there could be no improvement in relations with the U.S., in Sudan’s economy, or in reducing repression and human rights violations. Their recommendations were that the “U.S. should take a direct and important part in an international effort to end the war between the North and South… and reestablish a diplomatic presence. ” These recommendations were rejected by the Clinton Administration. -
Map of South Sudan
UNITED NATIONS SOUTH SUDAN Geospatial 25°E 30°E 35°E Nyala Ed Renk Damazin Al-Fula Ed Da'ein Kadugli SUDAN Umm Barbit Kaka Paloich Ba 10°N h Junguls r Kodok Āsosa 10°N a Radom l-A Riangnom UPPER NILEBoing rab Abyei Fagwir Malakal Mayom Bentiu Abwong ^! War-Awar Daga Post Malek Kan S Wang ob Wun Rog Fangak at o Gossinga NORTHERN Aweil Kai Kigille Gogrial Nasser Raga BAHR-EL-GHAZAL WARRAP Gumbiel f a r a Waat Leer Z Kuacjok Akop Fathai z e Gambēla Adok r Madeir h UNITY a B Duk Fadiat Deim Zubeir Bisellia Bir Di Akobo WESTERN Wau ETHIOPIA Tonj Atum W JONGLEI BAHR-EL-GHAZAL Wakela h i te LAKES N Kongor CENTRAL Rafili ile Peper Bo River Post Jonglei Pibor Akelo Rumbek mo Akot Yirol Ukwaa O AFRICAN P i Lol b o Bor r Towot REPUBLIC Khogali Pap Boli Malek Mvolo Lowelli Jerbar ^! National capital Obo Tambura Amadi WESTERN Terakeka Administrative capital Li Yubu Lanya EASTERN Town, village EQUATORIAMadreggi o Airport Ezo EQUATORIA 5°N Maridi International boundary ^! Juba Lafon Kapoeta 5°N Undetermined boundary Yambio CENTRAL State (wilayah) boundary EQUATORIA Torit Abyei region Nagishot DEMOCRATIC Roue L. Turkana Main road (L. Rudolf) Railway REPUBLIC OF THE Kajo Yei Opari Lofusa 0 100 200km Keji KENYA o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 50 100mi CONGO o e The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. -
A Summary of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement
Accord 18_43 13/12/06 13:32 Page 32 A summary of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement Machakos Protocol (2002) Power Sharing (2004) Wealth Sharing (2004) A six-year interim period [dated from Sudan will have both a national A National Land Commission, 9 July 2005] is established during government with representation from Southern Sudan Land Commission which the southern Sudanese will both sides of the north-south conflict, and state land commissions are to be have the right to govern affairs in their and a separate Government of established. A National Petroleum region and participate equitably in Southern Sudan (GoSS). The Southern Commission is to be established to the national government. Sudan Constitution and state manage petroleum resources. constitution must comply with the Peace implementation is to be 2% of oil revenue will go to oil- Interim National Constitution. conducted in ways that make the producing states in southern Sudan unity of Sudan attractive. A Government of National Unity is in proportion to their output. The to be formed. There shall be a remaining net revenue will be divided After the interim period, southern decentralized system of government, evenly with 50% allocated to the GoSS Sudan will have the right to vote in an granting more power to individual and 50% allocated to the national internationally monitored referendum states. government. The GoSS has no power either to confirm Sudan’s unity or vote to negotiate any of the oil leases for secession. Positions in the state governments are granted by the national government to be split 70:30 in favour of the NCP Shari’a law is to remain applicable in prior to the CPA. -
(I): War in South Kordofan
Sudan’s Spreading Conflict (I): War in South Kordofan Africa Report N°198 | 14 February 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Roots of Persistent Conflict ....................................................................................... 3 A. Continued Marginalisation ........................................................................................ 4 B. Changing Ethnic Dynamics ....................................................................................... 8 III. Failure of the CPA ............................................................................................................. 11 IV. Outbreak of Fighting and the Still-born Framework Agreement ................................... 17 V. All-Out Conflict ................................................................................................................ 20 VI. The Humanitarian Crisis .................................................................................................. 27 VII. Regional and Wider -
Sudan's Comprehensive Peace Agreement at One Year Of
Working Paper Research Unit Middle East and Africa Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Daniel P. Sullivan Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement at One Year of Age Cause for Celebration? Working Paper FG6, 2006/02 April 2006 Berlin Working papers are papers in the subject area of a Research Unit which are not officially published by SWP. These papers are either preliminary studies that later become papers published by SWP or papers that are published elsewhere. Your comments are always welcome. Table of Contents The Comprehensive Peace Agreement............. 1 SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and The Status of CPA ImplementationImplementation.................................... 1 Security Affairs Power Sharing ...........................................................................1 Ludwigkirchplatz 3−4 10719 Berlin Phone +49 30 880 07-0 Wealth Sharing.........................................................................3 Fax +49 30 880 07-100 www.swp-berlin.org Security Arrangements ..........................................................3 [email protected] Abyei: Sudan’s Kashmir..........................................................5 Elections......................................................................................6 Role of International Community......................................6 ConclusionConclusion....................................................................................................................................................... -
ABYEI CASE STUDY Improving Livelihoods, Social Peace and Stability in Abyei
EVALUATION IN HARD TO REACH AREAS Conflict Sensitivity: A criterion for evaluations in the contexts of violent conflicts ABYEI CASE STUDY Improving Livelihoods, Social Peace and Stability in Abyei Marco De Gaetano – Natural Resource Management Expert Brussels, 17 May 2019 [email protected] Improving livelihoods, social peace and stability in the Abyei Area Abyei Map [email protected] Marco De Gaetano – Natural Resource Management Expert Improving livelihoods, social peace and stability in the Abyei Area Conflicts resulting from different types of tenure FAO, 2016. Land and people in protracted crises [email protected] Marco De Gaetano – Natural Resource Management Expert Improving livelihoods, social peace and stability in the Abyei Area Conflicts resulting from different types of tenure [email protected] Marco De Gaetano – Natural Resource Management Expert Improving livelihoods, social peace and stability in the Abyei Area Conflicts resulting from different types of tenure [email protected] Marco De Gaetano – Natural Resource Management Expert Improving livelihoods, social peace and stability in the Abyei Area Conflicts resulting from different types of tenure [email protected] Marco De Gaetano – Natural Resource Management Expert Improving livelihoods, social peace and stability in the Abyei Area Project intervention strategy Three Pillars I. Assessing the natural resources to promote its efficient utilization and future development II. Promoting dialogue, confidence and peacebuilding -
DTM MONTHLY REGIONAL REPORT Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)
NOV 2018 DTM MONTHLY REGIONAL REPORT Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) East & the Horn of Africa Flow monitoring in Uganda continued through the four FMPs located along the border with South Sudan in close coordi- nation with the DTM South Sudan team. Mixed Migration Flow monitoring was also initiated at an additional six points in Uganda, along the Flow Monitoring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) border, bringing the total number of and Uganda Reporting Period FMPs in Uganda to 10. November 2018 Regionally, a total of 126,366 individuals were observed at the FMPs during the Active Flow Monitoring Network month of November 2018. A large pro- Burundi 8 FMPs portion of the migrants tracked were Djibouti 10 FMPs moving along the eastern corridor in the Ethiopia 5 FMPs Horn of Africa (HoA) region (48%). Of Somalia 7 FMPs these, the majority were Ethiopian na- South Sudan 5 FMPs tionals (65%), while the second-largest Uganda 10 FMPs population was Somali nationals (30%), which is comparable to what was tracked A network of 45 Flow Monitoring Points in October (31%). (FMPs) is currently operational in six countries. Fifty-two per cent of the movements tracked were incident-based move- Flow monitoring registry continued in ments, mainly between Burundi and the Burundi, and an additional four points United Republic of Tanzania, South Su- were opened in the provinces of Ruyigi dan and Sudan, as well as between and Rutana, bringing the total to eight Uganda, South Sudan and the United Re- Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan FMPs. Djibouti Flow Monitoring contin- public of Tanzania. -
Media Monitoring Report United Nations Mission in Sudan/ Public Information Office
09 Dec 2010 Media Monitoring Report www.unmissions.unmis.org United Nations Mission in Sudan/ Public Information Office Referendum Watch • We have not achieved what we sought of the CPA – VP Taha (Al-Akhbar) • Voter registration comes to a close (Al-Rai Al-aam) • Almost three million sign up for south Sudan vote (AFP) • There is a likelihood of war with the south – Dr. Nafei (Al-Rai Al-Aam et al) • SSRC denies allegations of irregularities levelled by the NCP (Al-Rai Al-Aam) • Higher Committee formed for referendum appeals (Khartoum Monitor/ SUNA) • NCP, SPLM resume post-referendum negotiations (The Citizen) • Armed men fail in attempt at Deputy Abyei Administrator (Al-Ahram Al-Youm) • Misseriya challenge SPLM to bar it from participating at the Abyei referendum (Al- Tayyar) • Opposition parties to meet Misseriya representatives (Al-Rai Al-Aam) • S. Africa's Tutu calls for peaceful Sudan referendum (AFP) Other Highlights • Thousands displaced by Sudanese army bombs - aid agency (AlertNet) • Northern Bahr el Ghazal gets humanitarian assistance for victims of air attacks (Sudantribune.com) • Authorities release students arrested in Bahr-el-Ghazal (Al-Rai Al-Aam; Akhir Lahza) • SPLM fears Athor may have been transferred to Khartoum (Al-Sudani) • Minnawi orders his troops to cross over to southern Sudan (Al-Rai Al-Aam) • Kidnapped Latvian pilots released in South Darfur (SUNA) • ICC prosecutor accuses Sudanese rebels of killings (Reuters) • Pirates’ catch exposed route of arms in a tense Sudan (Boston.com) • Rise in commodity prices in Khartoum (Ajras Al-Hurriya) • Sudan men fined over "indecent" fashion show makeup (Reuters) NOTE: Reproduction here does not mean that the UNMIS PIO can vouch for the accuracy or veracity of the contents, nor does this report reflect the views of the United Nations Mission in Sudan. -
Abyei Jenn Christian and John Prendergast October 11, 2012
Forgotten Again: How the World Has Failed Abyei Jenn Christian and John Prendergast October 11, 2012 On September 27, 2012, Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir and South Sudanese President Salva Kiir signed agreements concerning a host of issues resulting from South Sudan’s July 2011 secession. The agreements concern issues of oil and other financial matters, border security, and citizenship. They represent the culmination of a nearly two and half year-long negotiation process and, if implemented, have the potential to further consolidate peace and security within and between the two Sudans. However, the suc- cess of these agreements ultimately hinges on the resolution of the remaining outstand- ing issues on which the two presidents were unable to agree, chief among them the final status of the disputed Abyei area. Straddling the ill-defined international border separating the two Sudans, Abyei is the traditional homeland of the nine Ngok Dinka chiefdoms, a group with strong ethnic, cultural, and linguistic ties with the Dinka of South Sudan. Misseriya herders, members of a northern nomadic Arab tribe, seasonally traverse the Abyei area with their cattle. While Abyei was administratively transferred to the North in 1905, its Ngok Dinka inhabitants sided with the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement, or SPLM, and its pre- decessor, the Anyanya movement, during Sudan’s successive North-South civil wars.1 Despite Abyei’s central role as a catalyst for North-South tensions, the international com- munity has historically dodged the difficult issue of the area’s final status – or the question of whether the area should be part of Sudan or South Sudan – and, in doing so, has repeat- edly sacrificed the safety, security, and livelihoods of the Ngok Dinka people for the sake of other concerns and interests. -
Observing Sudan's 2010 National Elections
Observing Sudan’s 2010 National Elections April 11–18, 2010 Final Report Waging Peace. Fighting Disease. Building Hope. Observing Sudan’s 2010 National Elections April 11–18, 2010 Final Report One Copenhill 453 Freedom Parkway Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) 420-5188 Fax (404) 420-5196 www.cartercenter.org The Carter Center Contents Foreword . .1 Postelection Developments ..................47 Executive Summary .........................3 Counting . 47 Historical and Political Tabulation . 49 Background of Sudan . .8 Election Results . .50 Census . .10 Electoral Dispute Resolution . 51 Political Context of the April Election . 10 Darfur and Other Special Topics .............54 Overview of the Carter Darfur . .54 Center Observation Mission .................13 Enfranchising the Displaced . 55 Legal Framework of the Sudan Elections.......15 Political Developments Following the Election . 56 Electoral System . 17 Census in South Kordofan Participation of Women, Minorities, and Southern Sudan . .57 and Marginalized Groups. 17 Pastoralists and the Election . 57 Election Management . 18 Bashir’s Threats . 57 Boundary Delimitation . .20 Conclusions and Recommendations ...........59 Voter Registration and the General Election Recommendations . 59 Pre-election Period . 24 Southern Sudan Referendum Voter Registration . .24 Recommendations . .70 Voter Education . 30 Abyei Referendum Candidates, Parties, and Campaigns . .31 Recommendations . .80 The Media . 35 Appendix A: Acknowledgments . .81 Civil Society . .36 Appendix B: List of Delegation and Staff ......83 Electoral Dispute Resolution. 37 Appendix C: Terms and Abbreviations ........86 Election-Related Violence. 39 Appendix D: The Carter Center in Sudan .....87 The Election Period . .40 Appendix E: Carter Center Statements Poll Opening . .40 on the Sudan Elections .....................89 Polling. 42 Appendix F: Carter Center Observer Poll Closing. 45 Deployment Plan .........................169 Appendix G: Registration and Election Day Checklists ...........................170 Appendix H: Letter of Invitation .