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Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Educational mobility of second-generation Turks in cross-national perspective Schnell, P. Publication date 2012 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Schnell, P. (2012). Educational mobility of second-generation Turks in cross-national perspective. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 Educational mobility of second-generation Turks in cross-national perspective mobility of second-generation Turks Educational INVITATION for the defense of the doctoral dissertation Educational mobility of second-generation Turks in cross-national perspective Philipp Schnell on September 4th, 2012 at 12:00h Agnietenkapel University of Amsterdam Educational Oudezijds Voorburgwal 231 1012 EZ Amsterdam The Netherlands Mobility The reception after the defense will take place at the Agnietenkapel Oudezijds Voorburgwal 231 Philipp Schnell 1012 EZ Amsterdam. of second-generation Turks in Philipp Schnell cross-national perspective [email protected] Educational mobility of second-generation Turks in cross-national perspective ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op dinsdag 4 september 2012, te 12:00 uur door Philipp Schnell geboren te Siegen, Duitsland. PROMOTIECOMMISSIE Promotor: Prof. dr. R. Penninx Co-promotor: Prof. dr. M. Crul Overige Leden: Dr. M. Alkan Prof. dr. R. Aparicio Gómez Prof. dr. S.E. Severiens Prof. dr. H.G. van de Werfhorst Prof. dr. H. Vermeulen Faculteit der Maatschappij en Gedragswetenschappen TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. viii 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 What causes ethnic educational inequalities? ................................................................... 2 1.3 This study .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Looking ahead ................................................................................................................. 19 2. WHERE DO THEY COME FROM? THE WORLDS OF TURKISH FAMILIES ......... 23 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 23 2.2 Periods of Turkish immigration to Austria, France and Sweden .................................... 24 2.3 Policy responses by the three receiving countries .......................................................... 30 2.4 Turkish immigrants in five urban destinations ............................................................... 34 2.5 Comparing the relative position of the parental generations across five cities ............... 40 2.6 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 48 3. AN INITIAL LOOK AT EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ............................................... 51 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 51 3.2 Educational levels of young adults in Austria, France and Sweden ............................... 52 3.3 Accounting for compositional differences ...................................................................... 60 3.4 Inter-generational educational mobility .......................................................................... 63 3.4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 66 4. BEHIND THE SCENES: THE FAMILY EXAMINED ................................................... 68 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 68 4.2 Parental involvement as social capital ............................................................................ 69 4.3 Older siblings’ involvement as social capital ................................................................. 84 4.4 Do Turkish families muster more family support for education? ................................... 89 4.5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 93 5. BEYOND THE FAMILY: PEERS AND TEACHERS .................................................... 97 5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 97 5.2 Social relationships with peers and teachers ................................................................... 97 5.3 Peer group characteristics of the Turkish second generation ........................................ 101 5.4 Student–Teacher relationships among the Turkish second generation ......................... 106 5.5 Peers and teachers as mediating actors in processes of educational attainment ........... 108 5.6 Differences between the comparison group and second-generation Turks .................. 113 5.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 117 6. NAVIGATING THE SYSTEM ...................................................................................... 120 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 120 6.2 Educational pathways compared – the perspective on institutional arrangements ....... 120 6.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 142 i 7. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND INSTITUATIONAL-LEVEL FACTORS .............................................................................................................................. 146 7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 146 7.2 What causes educational inequalities in educational careers within systems? ............. 147 7.3 The relevance of educational resources for educational mobility ................................ 166 7.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 174 8. CONCLUSION: EXPLAINING CROSS-NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY ............................................................................................... 179 8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 179 8.2 Cross-national and cross-city differences in educational mobility ............................... 182 8.3 Explaining differences in educational mobility ............................................................ 183 8.4 Interactions between individual and institutional-level factors .................................... 191 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................ 199 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 199 Appendix A: Survey samples, response rates and weights ................................................. 201 Appendix B: Measurement, strategies of analysis and additional outcomes ...................... 213 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................. 236 ENGLISH SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 252 NEDERLANDSTALIGE SAMENVATTING ...................................................................... 258 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS On the journey of writing this dissertation I have greatly profited
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