Cruise Report

CRUISE REPORT

MARINE GEOLOGICAL CRUISE TO VESTFJORDEN AND EASTERN NORWEGIAN SEA

R.V. Jan Mayen 29.05. -08.06. 2003

by Gaute Mikalsen Torbjørn Dalhgren

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ N-9037 TROMSØ, NORWAY

Introduction The cruise was a joint cruse between four projects at The Department of Geology, University of Tromsø. For the last part of the cruise we were joined by one scientist and tow technicians from the Norwegian Collage of Fisheries, they embarked in Andenes. Their work spanned the last two days of the cruise And is not reported here.

Objectives and Projects The main objective for this cruise was to retrieve sediment cores and seismics for the projects SPONCOM, NORDPAST-2, EUROSTRATAFORM and Dr. T. Dalhgrens project (Statoil). SPONCOM: “Sedimentary Processes and Palaeoenvironment on Northern Continental Margins” is a strategic university programme at Department of Geology, University of Tromsø founded by the Norwegian Research Council. The primary goal is to assess the changes in the physical environment of the seafloor and its overlying water and ice of West Spitsbergen and North Norwegian fjords and continental margin during the last glacial – interglacial cycle. On this cruise the aim was to retrieve material from North-Norwegian fjords and the continental margin elucidating the following sub goals: 1). The chronology and dynamics of the last glaciation – deglaciation. 2). Processes and fluxes of fjord, continental shelf and – slope sedimentation. 3). Rapid palaeoceanographic and palaeclimatic changes, particularly during the last deglaciation and the Holocene.

NORPAST-2: “Past Climate of the Norwegian Region – 2” is a national project founded by the Norwegian Research Council. The primary goal is to advance the knowledge of patterns and variability of past climate in the Norwegian region and to contribute to the understanding of climate forcing factors. The material retrieved on this cruise aim to elucidate the following sub-goals: 1) Identify patterns and frequencies of natural climate variability on decadal to seasonal time scales during the last millennium. 2) Identify long term pattern and geographical distribution of gradual changes in natural climate during the Holocene and the late glacial.

3) Study the relative importance of the various forcing factors. 4) Investigate the origin of the climate during the recent past (natural/anthropogenic origin). 5) Develop, improve and test proxy methods for climatic reconstructions.

EUROSTRATAFORM: The high-resolution seismic data acquired on the continental slope offshore Lofoten will be studied as part of the EU-funded EUROSTRATAFORM project (2002 - 2005). Our aim is to study canyon processes. The type of sediment transport into these systems is not known. At present they may act as a trap for sediments winnowed and transported by alongslope flowing ocean currents and/or they could be fed from upper slope mass wasting. During glacial periods glacigenic sediments provided additional sediment input. Our results will later be compared with studies of canyon processes on the non-glaciated margins offshore Portugal and the western Mediterranean.

Project Dr. T. Dalhgren (Statoil): Seismic lines were acquired and a sediment core retrieved on the outermost Vøring Plateau and in the Lofoten Basin for a project supported by Statoil. The overall aim was to improve the chronology of seismic units in the area through ties to DSDP site 343, and to provide ties between already existing seismic lines. Seismic line 03JM0507 was received in order to extend and tie previous University of Tromsø lines (01-043 and 01-044) to DSDP site 343, in addition, these lines now provide a complete section of the slope from the Vøring marginal high down into the Lofoten basin. Seismic line 03JM0508 runs ENE from DSDP 343, the objective behind this line was to extend the chronology of this borehole to the margin off Lofoten. However, basement protrudes (volcanic mounds?) to seabed along a portion of this line, thus inhibiting such a correlation. Nevertheless, the line provides important ties for a number of University of Tromsø lines collected in 2002 in the Lofoten Basin, as well as, NPD lines on the Lofoten margin. The line also transverses the distal portion of the Trænadjupet Slide deposits.

Gravity core 03JM506 recovered 4.55 m of sediments from a low-accumulation area on the northeastern part of the Vøring Plateau. The locality has been identified from high-resolution seismics (line 03JM506), and Miocene sediments should occur below some 20-25 m of Pliocene to Pleistocene hemipelagics. The core was retrieved in order to provide knowledge of the characteristics of sediments in the area, such that long piston corers can be deployed safely at this location in the future. The locality offers a possibility to sample and date an early Pliocene unconformity in the area, as well as to recover a complete late Pliocene to Pleistocene sequence.

Participants Dr. Gaute Mikalsen (Chief Scientist) Dr. Torbjørn Dahlgren Ing. Steinar Iversen Lab tek. Edel Ellingsen (29.05 to 06.06) Lab tek. Trine Dahl (29.05 to 0606) Ass Jan S Rørvik

Equipment and methods. Box Corer The Box Corer samples the upper sea floor down to a maximum of 50 cm. Material retrieved consists of 50*50*max50 cm cube of sediment. If the sediment surface seemed intact, tubes with a diameter of 110mm was cored in to the sediment using a vacuum system. These cores were treated in two different ways, 1) the cores were stored upright and frozen. 2) the cores were slized in to 5mm slices and put on 96% alcohol with Bengal Stain. After a few hours the material was sieved on a 0.063mm sieve and then returned to alcohol with Bengal Stain. After c. 2 days the samples was sieved on 0.1 and 0.063 mm.

Gravity Corer The Gravity Corer is composed of a 6 m long steel pipe, with a core catcher in one end and c. 1.4 t heavy lead weight at the other end. Plastic liners with an outer diameter of 10 cm were used with the corer. Piston Corer The Piston corer has a 11.80 m long steel pipe (2 sections) and 1.6 t heavy lead weight. Plastic liners with an outer diameter of 10 cm were used also with this corer. Inside the liner is a piston that produces a vacuum as the corer penetrates in to the sediments, this allows longer cores to be sampled as compared to the gravity corer. The cores from both the GC and the PC was cut into c. 1m sections and logged on a MST-Logger. The material from the core catcher was sieved on 0.1mm and investigated for its foraminiferal content. Sleevegun array The high-resolution seismic data were aquired using an Sleevegun array composed of two 0,6 l guns together with a Fjord Instruments Streamer. The guns were towed in a steel frame 25 m behind the vessel at a water depth of 4 m. The firing pressure and the shooting rate was 130-140 bar and 8-10 s, respectively. The guns were tuned in order to obtain a spiked seismic source signal. The seismic records revealed a penetration of the sedimentary column in excess of 2 s TWT. Data were recorded digitally on a PC-based Delph2 recording and processing unit. The data were also printed online on a EPC 9800 printer. See the seismic log for details regarding filter settings, firing rate and pressure for the individual lines. Sparker A 9-electrode sparker was used together with the Fjord Instruments Streamer, the data were recorded on the Delph2 system and printed online on the EPC9800 printer. See the seismic log for details regarding the applied energy, shooting rate and filter settings for the individual lines. Pen Ecosonder The 3,5 kHZ echosounder data were acquired simultaneously to sleevegun/sparker profiling and the data were recorded on the Delph2 system, as well as printed online on the EPC9800 printer. A filter setting of 3-5 kHz was used.

Cruise Narrative Thursday 29.05: The ship was loaded with all equipment and left port in Tromsø at c. 12.00 local time. Overcast and calm sea. Wind was increasing approaching Vestfjorden.

Friday 30.05: Strong winds make Piston coring dangerous, and no material could be retrieved with the Gravity Corer because of ship drift and heave. Four stations was left uncored. The ship entered Sagfjorden for shelter. One seismic line, one Gravity core and one Box Core was retrieved in this fjord. The ship heads towards Nordfolla, but is abrupt by a ship problem. F/F Jan Mayen has to be repaired and arrives in Svolvær at c. 20.00 local time.

Saturday 31.05: Left Svolvær at 02.00 local time, the wind has decreased and the coring program in Vestfjorden is continued.

Sunday 01.06: Calm wind and less sea. Samples were retrieved from the Trænadjupet area and Norskehavet. A suitable planned locality for Piston Coring was not found in the inner Trænadjupet.

Monday 02.06: Calm sea and nice weather, seismic is running well.

Tuesday 03.06: Calm sea overcast , Seismic is running well.

Wednesday 04.06: Calm sea, foggy, Seismic is running well.

Thursday 05.06: Nice weather, we returned to the stations that were aborted on Friday (30.05). One Piston Core station was not successful because of too little sediment. Short stop in Harstad to pick up some equipment for the boat.

Friday 06.06: Strong wind and high waves. The Gravity Core station west of Andenes was unsuccessful. Arrived of Andenes at 06.00 local time. Tow persons debarked and tree embarked by zodiac. Wind and waves decreases during the day.

Saturday 07.06: Nice weather pen. Ecosonder was running well.

Sunday 08.06: Pen. Ecosonder was running well. Sample at Andsnes basin, Malangen, was collected successfully despite an initial problem with the Box Corer. Returned to port in Tromsø at 20.00 local time.

Material retrieved: The retrieved material is presented in tables 1 and 2. For location see figures 1a to 1f. The magnetic susceptibility and density of the sediment cores are presented in figures 2 to 16. The assumed age of the sediment in the core catcher is indicated in table 2.

n survey avet fjord foten mouth foten Remarks Trænadjupet Trænadjupet Trænadjupet Trænadjupet 29mai-8 juni 2003 : 5 Norskehavet Ships speed Date File name File Digital rec s 5 Norskehavet /8s 5 Norskehavet s/8s 5 Norskehavet Shot 4s/8s4s/8s4s/8s4s/8s 54s/8s 5 5 Norskehavet 5 Norskehavet 5 Norskehavet Norskehavet Norskehavet rate ms t 4s/8s 5 Hadselfjord,coursechange t 4s/8st 4s/8st 4s/8st 5 4s/8s 5 Norskehavet 5 Norskehavet 5 Norskehavet Norskehavet ight 4s/8s 5 Norskehavet ms Sweep dir Scan Direction/ Line pr inch Settingsfor graphic plotter Filter low Filterhigh source1/2 Source1/2 Source1/Source2 Energy1/ Universitetet Institutti Tromsø, for geologi Area: Vestfjord, Trænadjupet,Norskehavet westLofoten of WGS84 WGS84 Energy2 UTC WGS84 WGS84 17:34 68d48.7621:58 13d07.54 68d28.23 20:02 14d31.26 68d31.62 22:58 14d04.81 68d28.23 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 14d45.54 10kW /130Bar 3kHz/50Hz 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 5kHz/500kHz 10kW /130Bar 150 3kHz/50Hz 5kHz/500kHz 0,5s/2s 150 0,5s/2s Left/ West Right East / 4s/8s 4s/8s 5 5 Norskeh Hadsel no UTC 03JM0521 20:20 68d31.06 14d08.95 21:58 68d28.23 14d31.26 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 10kW /130Bar 3kHz/50Hz 5kHz/500kHz 150 0,5s/2sRigh/ SouthEast 03JM0527 12:26 68d21.88 16d11.07 12:50 68d23.47 16d11.087 3.5kHz/Sparker 10kW /800J 3kHz/500Hz 5kHz/1500kHz 150 0,5s/2s Right East / 1s/2s 5 O 03JM0517 03:43 68d54.88 12d48.81 06:29 68d46.21 12d19.96 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 10kW /130Bar 3kHz/50Hz 5kHz/500kHz 150 0,5s/2sLeft SouthWest / 03JM051203JM0513 11:2203JM0514 14:40 68d53.6103JM0515 17:45 68d59.64 20:55 11d56.01 68d50.20 12d27.36 14:08 68d56.1303JM0518 12d06.27 17:21 69d01.5903JM0519 06:56 12d36.41 20:25 68d51.4903JM0520 12d24.55 10:27 23:47 68d44.00 68d58.08 12d01.88 13:53 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 68d52.39 68d47.39 12d32.05 12d21.22 10kW /130Bar 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 68d41.09 3kHz/50Hz 12d08.37 12d57.32 10kW /130Bar 2 09:55Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 5kHz/500kHz 3kHz/50Hz 12d31.73 10kW /130Bar 2 13:23Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 68d53.66 5kHz/500kHz 150 3kHz/50Hz 10kW /130Bar 14:35 68d43.05 5kHz/500kHz 150 3kHz/50Hz 12d51.38 0,5s/2s 68d43.42 5kHz/500kHz 150 12d28.44 0,5s/2s 2Airgun x Righ 3.5kHz NorthEast/ / 150 12d38.66 0,5s/2s 10kW /130Bar 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ Left SouthWest / 3kHz/50Hz 0,5s/2s 10kW /130Bar 2Airgun x Righ NorthEast 3.5kHz/ / 5kHz/500kHz 3kHz/50Hz 10kW /130BarLeft SouthWest / 5kHz/500kHz 150 3kHz/50Hz 5kHz/500kHz 150 0,5s/2s 150 0,5s/2s Righ NorthEast/ 0,5s/2sLeft SouthWest / Righ NorthEast/ 03JM0511 07:45 69d02.94 12d19.59 10:24 68d55.05 11d52.01 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 10kW /130Bar 3kHz/50Hz 5kHz/500kHz 150 0,5s/2sLeft SouthWest / 03JM0509 21:52 68d42.99 5d44.88 02:40 68d54.30 11d38.63 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 10kW /130Bar 3kHz/50Hz 5kHz/500kHz 150 0,5s/2s Right East / 4s/8s 03JM0508 15:50 68d17.20 5d28.93 21:35 68d42.88 5d45.77 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 10kW /130Bar 3kHz/50Hz 5kHz/500kHz 150 0,5s/2s Right NortEast / 4s 03JM0497 16:31 67d54.00 14d25.90 18:33 68d14.08 14d32.65 3.5kHz 10kW 3kHz 5kHz 150 250 Right NortEast / 1s line 12 Vestfjorden 03JM0530I 02:25 70d40.61 13d07.97 11:13 69d51.09 16d48.76 3.5kHz 10kW NA NA NA NA SouthEast 4s 4 Lofoten basin 03JM0530F 13:45 70d30.08 12d32.94 18:59 70d01.18 13d42.39 3.5kHz 10kW NA NA NA NA SoutEast 4s 4 Lofoten basin 03JM0530E 12:45 70d34.50 12d49.32 13:42 70d30.35 12d33.16 3.5kHz 10kW NA NA NA NA SoutWest 4s 4 Lofoten basin 03JM0520B 15:01 68d43.19 12d38.03 17:07 68d50.14 12d59.74 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 10kW /130Bar 3kHz/50Hz 5kHz/500kHz 150 0,5s/2s Left/ West 4s/8 03JM0530B 22:55 70d45.00 13d24.24 23:52 70d40.78 13d09.22 3.5kHz 10kW NA NA NA NA SouthWest 4s 4 Lofoten basin JM03_S_14 67d45.3903JM0503A 14d00.8903JM0503B 16:0167d35.88 17:09 66d40.09 14d08.21 66d34.37 11d15.00 11d08.80 16:49 18:03 66d34.11 3.5kHz 66d41.54 11d14.80 11d10.00 10kW 3.5kHz 3.5kHz 3kHz 10kW 5kHz 10kWLeft 3kHz 150 3kHz 1s / 250 5kHz 5kHz SouthWest NA 150 150 500 500 8 South / Right North /Left 1s 1s Vestfjorden 8 8 03JM0530C 23:54 70d40.61 13d09.41 05:42 70d11.09 14d20.59 3.5kHz 10kW NA NA NA NA SoutEast 4s 4 Lofoten basin 03JM0503C03JM0503D 18:18 19:27 66d42.14 66d34.04 11d04.87 11d00.03 19:13 20:17 66d33.95 66d40.89 11d04.35 10d59.90 3.5kHz 3.5kHz 10kW 10kW 3kHz 3kHz 5kHz 5kHz 150 150 500 500 Sout / Right North /Left 1s 1s 8 8 03JM0530G 22:46 70d16.09 13d09.85 23:25 70d20.45 13d27.50 3.5kHz 10kW NA NA NA NA Steaming 4s 4 Lofoten basin Lofoten approach 8.6 03JM0530H 00:11 70d20.28 13d27.93 02:05 70d40.61 13d07.91 3.5kHz 10kW NA NA NA NA Steaming 4s 4 Lofoten basin 7.6 03JM0530D 05:44 70d10.85 14d20.34 12:37 70d34.95 12d51.77 3.5kHz 10kW NA NA NA NA SouthWest 4s 4 Lofoten basin 4.6 03JM0516 00:19 68d46.22 12d14.06 03:16 68d55.58 12d43.04 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 10kW /130Bar 3kHz/50Hz 5kHz/500kHz 150 0,5s/2s R NorthEast/ 6.6 03JM0530 18:16 70d22.96 14d23.25 22:44 70d45.54 13d27.33 3.5kHz 10kW NA NA NA NA NorthWest 4s 4 Lofoten basin 3.6 03JM0510 02:55 68d54.23 11d36.87 06:55 69d05.15 12d15.49 2Airgun x 3.5kHz/ 10kW /130Bar 3kHz/50Hz 5kHz/500kHz 150 0,5s/2s Right East / 4 1.6 03JM0506 07:24 67d28.27 7d17.92 07:53 67d31.51 7d13.33 3.5kHz 10kW 3kHz 5kHz 150 500 NorthWest/Right 2.5s 8 Norskehavet 30.5 03JM0496 04:10 68d07.81 15d08.13 08:50 67d56.79 15d50.61 3.5kHz 10kW 3kHz 5kHz 150 250 SouthEast / Right 1s 03JM0496 8 Vestfjorden 31.5 03JM0500 05:02 67d42.37 14d03.15 06:00 67d37.27 14d07.09 3.5kHz 10kW 3kHz 5kHz 150 250Left SouthWest / 1s name 8 Trænadjupet 29.5 Station0494 20:03 68d22.49 16d06.48 20:14 68d22.45 16d06.55 3.5kHz 10kW 3kHz 5kHz 150 250 S-N-S / Left 1s Station0494 8 Vestfjorden , statio Date Profile Start Lat Lon Stop Lat Lon Vessel: Jan Mayen Linelog 1: Table

fore 13000BP???fore ???? H.balthica. H.balthica. H.balthica. H.balthica. H.balthica. H.balthica. H.balthica. JM03-523 14.55.6668.03.02 15.15.92 JM03-52468.09.32 JM03-526 15.37.3768.12.90 434 423JM03-528 16.10.9968.22.66 GC GC 623 541 SPONCOM SPONCOM/NORPAST PC c.3.9m GC c.5.7m SPONCOM/NORPASTc.11.0m SPONCOM inc. fauna Varm fauna water Cold c.1.9m inc. fauna Varm 8000BP than Younger withoutfauna Varm 8000BP than Younger Early Holocene JM03-499 67.47.63 14.14.70 JM03-49967.47.63 JM03-500 14.06.4967.38.12 13.50.82 333 JM03-50167.35.01 JM03-502 13.38.6967.28.59 GC 420 304JM03-504 10.59.9566.37.43 SPONCOM Box GC Core/GC 07.15.46 JM03-50667.30.15 SPONCOM/NORPAST c.3.3m c.2.2m 440 SPONCOM 1429 GC c.4.0m Box Core/GC Barren SPONCOM/NORPAST GC c.3.8m inc. fauna Varm SPONCOM c.4.5m (Statoil) Dalhgren T. Barren Dr. c.2.3m fauna water Cold fauna Could 8000BP than Younger withoutfauna Varm Early Holocene JM03-494 16.06.6168.22.45 JM03-495 16.00.8068.17.99 541 197 GC GC SPONCOM SPONCOM catcher sample Core c.5.0m inc.fauna Varm 8000BP than Younger Date Station N(M) E Position depth Position Water Equipment Project Recovery fauna Catcher Core age Assumed 05.06.03 JM03-522 15.02.7768.12.13 483 GC 06.06.03 JM03-529 15.19.2069.41.27 08.06.03 JM03-536 18.22.23 SPONCOM/NORPAST69.29.88 c.5.8m 2093 227 GC fauna water Cold Core CTD/Box SPONCOM sample/Sieved samples Water recovery No 01.06.03 JM03-505 09.51.7366.59.99 426 GC EUROSTRATAFORM c.2.2m Barren 29.05.03 JM03-493 18.22.0269.30.00 30.05.03 224 JM03-497 15.21.7367.58.17 31.05.03 JM03-498 14.38.2967.59.54 Core CTD/Box SPONCOM 547 365sample/Sieved samples Water Box Core/GC SPONCOM/NORPAST GC c.3.5m SPONCOM c.3.3m withoutfauna Varm faunawaterCold Holocene Early ?Be log 2: Core Table

Fig. 1b

Fig. 1c

Fig. 1d

Fig. 1e

Fig. 1f

Fig. 2. JM03-495 Tysfjorden 68.17.99N, 16.00.80E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 3. JM03-497 Sagfjorden 67.58.17N, 15.21.73E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 4. JM03-498 Vestfjorden 67.59.54N, 14.38.29E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 5. JM03-499 Vestfjorden 67.47.63N, 14.14.70E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 6. JM03-500 Vestfjorden 67.38.12N, 14.06.49E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 7. JM03-501 Vestfjorden 67.35.01N, 13.50.82E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 8. JM03-502 Vestfjorden 67.28.59N, 13.38.69E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 9. JM03-504 Trenadypet 66.37.43N, 10.59.95E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 10. JM03-505 Trenadupet 66.59.99N, 09.51.73E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 11. JM03-506 Vøringplatået 67.30.15N, 07.15.46E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 12. JM03-522 Vestfjorden 68.12.13N, 15.02.77E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 13. JM03-523 Vestfjorden 68.03.02N, 14.55.66E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 14. JM03-524 Vestfjorden 68.09.32N, 15.15.92E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 15. JM03-526 Vestfjorden 68.12.90N, 15.37.37E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.

Fig. 16. JM03-528 Ofotfjorden 68.22.66N, 16.10.99E. Density and magnetic susceptibility vs. depth in meters.