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Residue Ratio and Bond Strength of Luting Cements for Abutment Materials

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Residue Ratio and Bond Strength of Luting Cements for Abutment Materials Dental Materials Journal 2009; 28(3): 261–266 Original Paper Development of a new temporary luting agent consisting of PEMA and eugenol —Residue ratio and bond strength of luting cements for abutment materials Hidetoshi OKADA, Yoshinori ISHIDA, Hiroshi NOGUCHI, Ichiro RYUKATA and Katsuya NAGAYAMA Department of Biomaterials Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukishima-ken 963-8601, Japan Corresponding author, Hidetoshi OKADA; E-mail: [email protected] PEMA- and eugenol-based trial agents (PE 1.0, PE 1.6) possessed the requisite dental engineering properties that satisfied the requirements for temporary luting agents. To assess their clinical applicability, this study examined the following properties after the trial agents were removed: their residue ratios on the abutment surface and the bond strengths of resin- modified glass ionomer cement and resin cement for the abutment materials. The residue ratio of PE 1.0 on the abutment material after temporary restoration removal was lower than those of comparable temporary luting agents (polycarboxylate cement type, zinc oxide-eugenol cement type), and no residue was recognized for PE 1.6. On bond strength, those of the resin- modified glass ionomer cement and resin cement for the resin core and bovine dentin surface after the removal of trial agents tended to be the same or increase in comparison to commercial temporary luting agents. In conclusion, results of this study suggested that the trial agents were suitable for clinical use. Keywords: Temporary luting agents, Luting cements, Bond strength Received Jun 21, 2007: Accepted Oct 1, 2008 that the trial agent could ensure easy removability of INTRODUCTION temporary restorations when needed. In dental practice, the repair of dental prostheses — However, the trial agent contained eugenol as such as the crown or bridge — typically entails a one of its main components. Eugenol is considered to temporary restoration which mimics the final be an adhesion inhibitor for resin-type materials2,3), prosthesis. The latter must then be cemented with a and current mainstream luting cements are either of temporary luting agent to provide a seal around the resin type or resin-modified glass ionomer type. In margin of the temporary restoration. However, most clinical practice, it is important that temporary commercial temporary luting agents are luting agents do not adversely affect the adhesive manufactured by improving luting cements. At property of the luting cement after the temporary present, no commercially available products meet all restoration is removed. Therefore, this study also the conditions required of temporary luting agents, examined the bond strength of luting cements on such as proper bond strength capable of fixing the abutment materials after the trial agents were temporary restoration for a certain period of time removal. while enabling easy removal from the abutment The trial agents used in this study were PEMA- when needed. and eugenol-based. For the adherends, they were In a previous study1), we showed that a trial namely 12% gold-silver-palladium alloy, resin core, agent exhibited similar performance to commercially and bovine dentin, whereby the residue ratio was temporary luting agents in terms of setting time, calculated over a specified area of these plane consistency, and water uptake. In terms of bond adherend specimens. The tensile strengths of the strength with a temporary restoration using a self- trial agents were examined, as well as the bond curing resin crown and stainless steel abutment, the strengths of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement trial agent achieved a value identical to those and resin cement for the various abutment materials obtained with commercial temporary luting agents. after removing the trial agents. Moreover, after the bond strength test, the trial agent left less residue on the stainless steel abutment MATERIALS AND METHODS than commercial temporary luting agents. In clinical practice, the lack of residue on the Materials abutment carries a vital implication. On this ground, Table 1 shows the details of the materials used in the absence of trial agent’s residue on the stainless this study: material codes, their main components steel abutment1) made it favorable for clinical use. and the manufacturers. The trial agents (hereinafter This is because the residue ratio is a good indicator known as “PE”) examined in this study contained 262 Dent Mater J 2009; 28(3): 261–266 Table 1 Materials used in this study Code Material Main compose Manufacture Temporary luting agent PE Development temporary agent Powder: PEMA (1.0,1.6) Liquid: Eugenol TES HY-BOND temporary cement Powder: Zinc oxide SHOFU Liquid: Polyacrylic acid NED Neodyne Powder: Zinc oxide NEO SEIYAKU KOUGYO Liquid: Eugenol Luting cements RES HY-BOND RESIGLASS Powder: Alumino-Silicateglass SHOFU Liquid: Polyacrylic acid PAN PANAVIA F 2.0 Base: Methacryl-acid monomer KURAREY Filler: Silica Abutment materials ME CASTWELL. M.C 12% Gold-silver-palladium alloy G. C RE UNIFIL CORE UDMA, Silica, 4-MET G. C DE Dentin of bovine tooth Fig. 1 A schematic diagram of the test specimen comprising the temporary restoration and abutment material. Fig. 2 Segments on which the temporary luting agent residue were counted on a specific surface (arrow indicates the temporary luting agent residue). PEMA and eugenol as their base components, and The adherends were polished (Phoenix 4000, that their powder/liquid ratios were respectively 1.0 Buehler Co. Ltd., Waukegan, USA) with #120 (PE 1.0) and 1.6 (PE 1.6). For comparison purpose, waterproof abrasive papers. As for the materials, commercial temporary luting agents of they were mixed and operated at a room temperature polycarboxylate cement type (TES) and zinc oxide- of 23±2°C and at a humidity of 50±5%. eugenol cement type (NED) were used. The luting cements were used with resin-modified glass ionomer Specimen preparation and thermal cycling cement (RES) and resin cement (PAN). The For the test specimens, resin block and abutment adherends were 12% gold-silver-palladium alloy materials were temporarily bonded at an adherend (ME), resin core of dual-cure type (RE), and bovine area of 5×5 mm marked using a masking tape (Fig. tooth dentin (DE). The resin block was made of a 1). Film thickness of temporary luting agents was self-curing MMA resin (Tempron, GC Co. Ltd., Tokyo, controlled at 100 μm, and resin block was bonded to Japan). adherend under a load of 10 kg. Ten specimens were Dent Mater J 2009; 28(3): 261–266 263 prepared for each test condition. was removed using a dental instrument. In addition, The temporarily bonded specimens were the same area was cleaned with absorbent cotton and subjected to a thermal cycling process of cold bath distilled water. (4°C: 30 seconds) and hot bath (60°C: 30 seconds). After removal of the temporary luting agent (i.e., After 100 cycles, the resin block was removed by the trial agents), luting cements were filled to a shear stress. The number of thermal cycles was thickness of 2 mm using a plastic tube with an inner determined to be 100 because it was established in a diameter of 6 mm. The luting cements were applied previous report4) to be equivalent to the service in accordance with the cementing operation method period of temporary restorations in an oral condition specified by the manufacturers. Bonding agent PAN for 10 days. was provided with a metal primer and a self-etching primer, hence surface treatment was done using the Temporary luting agent remaining on the abutment metal primer for ME and the self-etching primer for surface after temporary restoration removal DE. For the controls (CON), the luting cements were After the temporary restoration (i.e., resin block) was applied directly to the abutment materials without removed, the abutment surface was photographed using the temporary luting agents. using an optical microscope (Scopeman, Moritex Co. The specimens were kept at a temperature of Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The photographed image was 37°C and at a relative humidity of about 100% for 24 then divided into 100 segments, whereby the area of hours (LaboStar LHL-112, TABEI Co. Ltd., Osaka, each segment was 0.25 mm2. Segments on which the Japan). After which, shear bond strength test was temporary luting agent remained were counted, and conducted at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min using the residue ratio (%) on the specified surface thereby the universal testing machine. Bond strength data calculated (Fig. 2). obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test at a Tensile strength test of trial agents significance level of p=0.05. For the tensile strength test, specimens were prepared to a size of 10 mm width × 65 mm length × RESULTS 2.5 mm thickness. The specimens were subjected to the thermal cycling process of cold bath (4°C: 30 Residue ratios of temporary luting agents on seconds) and hot bath (60°C: 30 seconds) at 100 abutment surface after temporary restoration removal cycles. After thermal cycling, the tensile strength Figure 3 shows the residue ratios of the temporary test of the specimens was conducted using a luting agents remaining on the abutment surface universal testing machine (Model 1310DW, Aikoh after the resin block was removed. For PE 1.0, the Engineering Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) at a crosshead residue ratios were 17% for ME, 100% for RE, and speed of 0.5 mm/min. 18% for DE. PE 1.6 stuck entirely to the resin block side with no residue on the abutment materials. For Bond strength of luting cements on abutment surface TES, the residue ratios were 100% for ME and RE, after removal of temporary luting agent and 43% for DE. For NED, the residue ratios were On the abutment surface, any remaining temporary 52% for ME, 100% for RE, and 71% for DE.
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