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A Castor Oil-Containing Dental Luting Agent: Effects RIF\FOLFORDGLQJDQGVWRUDJHWLPHRQÀH[XUDO Strength

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A Castor Oil-Containing Dental Luting Agent: Effects RIF\FOLFORDGLQJDQGVWRUDJHWLPHRQÀH[XUDO Strength www.scielo.br/jaos http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-775720140069 A castor oil-containing dental luting agent: effects RIF\FOLFORDGLQJDQGVWRUDJHWLPHRQÀH[XUDO strength Juliana dos Reis DERCELI1, Laiza Maria Grassi FAIS2, Lígia Antunes Pereira PINELLI2 1- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. 2- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Corresponding address: Lígia Antunes Pereira Pinelli - Rua Humaitá, 1680 - Centro - Araraquara - SP - Brazil - 14801-903 - Phone: +55 (16) 3301-6413 - Fax: +55 (16) 3301-6406 - e-mail: [email protected] 6XEPLWWHG)HEUXDU\0RGL¿FDWLRQ-XO\$FFHSWHG$XJXVW ABSTRACT avorable results in the use of castor oil polyurethane (COP) as pulp capping, membrane Fmaterial, sealer, mouthwash and in bone repair, associated with the fact that Ricinus communis is not derived from petroleum and it is abundant in Brazil, encourage researches LQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIOXWLQJDJHQWV2EMHFWLYHV7KLVVWXG\FRPSDUHGWKHÀH[XUDOVWUHQJWK (FS) of a castor oil-containing dental luting agent with a weight percentage of 10% (wt%) of calcium carbonate (COP10) with RelyX ARC (RX) after mechanical cycling (MC) and distilled water storage. Material and Methods: Sixty-four specimens (25x2x2 mm) were fabricated and divided into two groups, COP10 and RX (control). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups (n=8) according to the storage time, 24 hours (24 h) or 60 days (60 d), and the performance (MC+FS) or not (only FS) of the mechanical cycling test. The FS (10 kN; 0.5 mm/min) and MC tests (10,000 cycles, 5 Hz, 0.5 mm/min) were carried out using an MTS-810 machine. The data were analyzed using ANOVA (α=0.05). Results: The obtained FS (MPa) values were: COP10 24h- 19.04±2.41; COP10 60d- 17.92±3.54; RX 24h- 75.19±3.43; RX 60d- 88.77±6.89. All the RX specimens submitted to MC fractured, while the values for COP10 after MC were as follows: COP10 24h- 17.90±1.87 and COP10 60d- 18.60±1.60. Conclusions: A castor oil-containing dental luting agent with a weight percentage of 10% (wt%) of calcium carbonate is resistant to mechanical cycling without GHFUHDVHVLQÀH[XUDOVWUHQJWK+RZHYHUPHDQ&23VKRZHGRQO\DERXWRIWKH5HO\; $5&PHDQÀH[XUDOVWUHQJWK Keywords: Biocompatible materials. Polyurethanes. Dental cements. Material resistance. Aging. INTRODUCTION favorable results in tests for biocompatibility22. Castor oil is a new material that is globally available, Polymers are biocompatible materials of natural and it has received much attention in recent years or synthetic origin that can be prepared by different because of its availability on a large commercial methods34. In dentistry, various polymers are scale23. used, such as silicone, methyl methacrylate and The COP is a biocompatible, antimicrobial, polyurethane. Currently, vegetable-polyurethane, osteointegrable and absorbable, osteoconductive which combines the versatility of polymer formulation and osteoinductive13. In dentistry, the use of this while addressing the global concern towards polymer has been studied in direct pulp capping5, producing new biomaterials from sustainable as a membrane material22, as a sealer31, as a resources, has become one of the most studied mouthwash28, as bone prosthesis and in alveolar biomaterials3. The use of vegetable-polyurethane healing7 and bone reconstruction20. In clinical derived from castor oil (COP) in the health science research focusing on human dental alveoli, Jowett, fields has been studied, and COP has shown et al.19 (1988) showed that this polyurethane has J Appl Oral Sci. 496 2014;22(6):496-501 $FDVWRURLOFRQWDLQLQJGHQWDOOXWLQJDJHQWHIIHFWVRIF\FOLFORDGLQJDQGVWRUDJHWLPHRQÀH[XUDOVWUHQJWK good biocompatibility for use both in soft and hard ZLWKG\QDPLFORDGVLQRUGHUWRDVVHVVWKHLQÀXHQFH tissue, has osteoinductive properties, and can be of stress on the material16,21. bactericidal and fungicidal when combined with The aim of this study was to assess the behavior calcium carbonate. of COP under masticatory stress simulated by The versatility of the polyurethane derived from PHFKDQLFDO F\FOLQJ 7KH ÀH[XUDO VWUHQJWK RI &23 castor oil as well as the aforementioned positive with a weight percentage of 10% (wt%) of calcium aspects support the study of COP as a dental luting carbonate was analyzed with and without the agent. Although a wide range of dental luting agents performance of the mechanical cycling test as well is commercially available, the selection of a luting as with storage in distilled water. The results were agent to be used for a given restoration should not compared with the results for RelyX ARC. The null be an arbitrary choice. It must be based on a basic hypothesis was that there is no difference between knowledge of the materials available, the type of WKHÀH[XUDOVWUHQJWKRI&23DQGWKDWRI5HO\; restoration to be placed, and the requirements ARC. GH¿QHGE\WKHSDWLHQW17 based on the functional and biological needs2 of a particular clinical situation, MATERIAL AND METHODS including handling characteristics such as working time, setting time, consistency and ease of removal The procedure of the study is summarized in of excess material33. As such, no single dental Figure 1. For the COP10 group, 32 specimens were luting agent is considered ideal, and new products fabricated with the castor oil-containing dental should be studied. It is important to characterize luting agent (Castor Oil Polyurethane - COP, Poliquil the mechanical, physical and biological properties of Araraquara, Chemical Polymers Ltd, Araraquara, SP, COP. When compared with zinc phosphate cement, Brazil) with a weight percentage of 10% (wt%) of the COP, with the addition of calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate (CaCO3). For the control group, presented better diametral tensile strength values named RX, 32 specimens were fabricated with the DQG ZDV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK EHWWHU ¿OP WKLFNQHVV6. resin cement RelyX ARC (3M ESPE, Sumaré, SP, The addition of calcium carbonate is responsible Brazil). Each group was randomly divided into 4 for conferring radiopacity to COP29. Moreover, this subgroups (n=8) according to the storage time ¿OOHUSURYLGHVWKHUHOHDVHRIFDOFLXPLRQVIDFLOLWDWLQJ in distilled water, 24 hours (24 h) or 60 days (60 ion exchange at the bone/resin matrix interface15, d), and the performance or not of the mechanical ZKLFKPD\EHEHQH¿FLDOLQVXEJLQJLYDOUHVWRUDWLRQ cycling (MC) test. margins. The COP dental luting agents are deemed The COP was provided in a sachet containing strong enough to resist masticatory stresses and polyol, prepolymer and calcium carbonate6. This provide retention similar to that of zinc phosphate polyurethane has the following highly reactive cement, a permanent cementation material29. groups in the ricinoleic acid structure: a carbonyl In the oral cavity, the chewing forces applied to group on the first carbon, a double bond (or restorative materials result in cycles of mechanical unsaturation) on the ninth carbon and a hydroxyl impulses that lead to material fatigue and, group on the twelfth carbon. This combination of a consequently, fracture. These impulses can hydroxyl group and unsaturation occurs exclusively be simulated in the laboratory by performing in the castor oil molecule14. Prepolymer was mechanical cycling, which approaches the synthesized from methylene diphenyl diisocyanate physiological conditions generated by the chewing (MDI) and was prepolymerized with the polyol while cycle24. Fixed partial dentures are more likely to be preserving 20% of free isocyanate. When these subjected to bending forces than to other types of two components were mixed, the moisture-curing stress10,25,26$VVXFKWKHÀH[XUDOSURSHUWLHVRIWKH kinetics was determined by the polymerization restorative material are more important than their reaction between the isocyanate and hydroxyl tensile, shear and compressive strengths. Moreover, groups. The stoichiometric ratio between the polyol WKH ÀH[XUDO VWUHQJWK WHVW LV FRQVLGHUHG WKH PRVW and the prepolymer was equal to 1:0.66. appropriate for simulating the clinical situation of For the COP10 specimens, the material was material fatigue4,32 because the concentration of manually mixed in the sachet for 2 minutes. It was PDVWLFDWRU\ IRUFHV FDXVHV ÀDZV DQG PLFURFUDFNV WKHQPL[HGZLWKDVSDWXODRQD7HÀRQSODWHIRUDQ in the dental luting agent prior to the fracture or DGGLWLRQDOPLQXWHVWRREWDLQWKH¿QDOFRQVLVWHQF\6. displacement of the restoration material11. The 7KHPDWHULDOZDVLQVHUWHGLQWRD7HÀRQPDWUL[ mechanical properties of resinous materials are [[PP SRVLWLRQHGEHWZHHQWZR7HÀRQSODWHV directly related to the quantity and type of inorganic This apparatus was placed in a mechanical press particles8, degree of cure and percentage of silane- under constant load and stored in saturated water WUHDWHG ¿OOHU12 ZLWK WKH ÀH[XUDO VWUHQJWK EHLQJ vapor in a container lined with wet paper at 37°C GLUHFWO\SURSRUWLRQDOWRDPRXQWRI¿OOHUSDUWLFOHV30. for one hour9. Most current in vitro studies include cycling testing For the RX group, the cement was manipulated J Appl Oral Sci. 497 2014;22(6):496-501 DERCELI JR, FAIS LMG, PINELLI LAP according to the instructions of the manufacturer, test, which was conducted in a universal testing GLVSHQVHGRQWKH7HÀRQPDWUL[ [[PP DQG machine (MTS 810, Material Test System, Eden cured with light at three points along its length on Prairie, MN) equipped with the Test Work 4 software, both sides for 40 seconds each10. The matrix was at a crosshead of 0.5 mm/min18 and with a 10 kN placed
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