DRAFT wildlife Enhancement PLAN 2013 – 2018 table of contents

Goal Statement Table of contents

W ith increasing urbanisation and the effects of climate change, the ’s Wildlife Enhancement Plan 2013–2018 aims to recognise and protect existing fauna within the city support increased fauna diversity, and prevent further local Acknowledgements 4 extinction of species from occurring. Key Definitions 4 Introduction 5 Geographical context 6

Local habitat 7 Local fauna 8

Lake Mabel Talbot 8

Lake Jualbup 9 Threats 10 Management priorities 12

Protect 12

Enhance 13

Monitor 14

Educate 14 Relevant legislation and strategies 16

International 16

Australian Government 16

State Government of 16 Resources 17 References 18 Appendix A: Fauna list 20 The City of Subiaco is committed to protecting the global environment through local action. By printing this publication Appendix B: Actions 25 on Australian made 100 per cent recycled paper, the city aims to conserve the resources of the city. The document is available via the Internet at www.subiaco.wa.gov.au

City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 3 acknowledgements and definitions Introduction

Acknowledgements Introduction

The city would like to thank Danielle Bowler from the City of , Tamara Kabat from Bird Life Australia and Jake Tanner The Wildlife Enhancement Plan 2013–2018 aims to manage from the City of for assisting with the development of this plan. wildlife within the city, both on public and private land. The plan outlines ways to protect, enhance and monitor wildlife, as well as provide conservation education and participation opportunities for the community. It also recognises that certain animals have important Aboriginal cultural significance, and that traditional knowledge and belief systems are important aids to conservation. The plan provides management actions to be undertaken by the city and those that will be completed with assistance from the community, including residents, schools and local businesses. This plan is required under the city’s Environment Enhancement Photo courtesy of Margaret Owen Plan 2012–2016, and is informed by the Strategic Community Plan and Corporate Business Plan. Other city documents that complement this plan include, but are not limited to: • Draft Local Planning Strategy 2013 • Local Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan 2013–2017 • Environment Enhancement Plan 2012–2016 • JH Abrahams Bushland Management Plan 2012–2016 • Water Conservation Plan 2008 • Dieback Management Plan 2007 • Greening Plan 2002 • street tree management policy and guidelines • verge development policy and guidelines • public open space management in a drying environment policy Key Definitions • significant tree register.

Biodiversity (biological diversity): Life and its processes, including the variety of living organisms, genetic differences among them, and the communities and ecosystems where they occur. Biodiversity hotspot: A region with a significant amount of biodiversity that is under threat by humans. Fauna: The animals of a region or area considered as a whole. Feral animal: A non-native animal that has been released into the wild or escaped domestication and established a self- sustaining population that cannot be easily controlled. Flora: The plants of a particular region or area considered as a whole. Habitat: The natural home or environment of an animal or plant. Genetic diversity: The total number of genetic characteristics in a species, which can assist populations adapt to changing environments. Invasive species: Plants or animals that successfully establish themselves in pre-existing native ecosystems. Urban forest: The trees and shrubs on all public and private land in urban areas, including bushland, parkland, wetlands, gardens and street trees. Wildlife: Animals living in their natural habitat.

4 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 5 Geographical Context

Geographical context

The local environment in the City of Subiaco (the city) needs to be considered as part of the diverse landscape that extends Local habitat across the south-west of Western Australia. This is important because many animals are highly mobile and enjoy an extensive Approximately 10 per cent of ’s western suburbs are bushland (Ecoscape, 2002). The largest portions of bushland are range of habitats across large areas of land. contained in Bold Park, Kings Park and Swanbourne Bushland, and contain significant numbers of reptiles and birds, as well as Biodiversity hotspots are regions with rich reservoirs of plant and animal life, that are under threat from human related activities, more uncommon species, such as the white striped mastiff bat present at Bold Park. Significant wetlands in the region include such as urban development, agriculture and other associated factors. Lake Monger, Perry Lakes and Lake Claremont, as well as the wetlands within the city. The city’s location ensures local habitat The south-west of Western Australia (extending from Shark Bay to Esperance, and bounded by arid shrub land to the east) is is closely linked to these bushland remnants and their associated wildlife. one of the world’s thirty-four biodiversity hotspots, and the only global hotspot in Australia (Conservation International, 2013). The Subiaco region previously consisted primarily of Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) and Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest Consequently, the Perth metropolitan region is one of the most biodiverse cities in the world. Perth sits on the Swan Coastal interspersed with Banksia woodland and wetland habitats. Late nineteenth-century clearing of vegetation for agriculture, timber Plain and has a large number of plant and animal species, many of which are native to the region and occur nowhere else in harvesting, industry, housing and parkland, decreased available habitat, which impacted on the biodiversity in the area. the world. This resulted in an overall loss of diversity of native wildlife within the city; however, the modern day urban environment The city is unique in that the diverse and unique range of wildlife is within its urban area for everyone to experience and enjoy. continues to support significant biodiversity.M any animals have adapted to the changed environment and are known to reside, It has been found that a connection with nature is vital for individuals to develop an appreciation of the natural environment. feed and breed within the city. Studies have shown that being close to nature can have health benefits, such as stress reduction, be an inspirational experience, and influence personal values and actions T( hompson, 2012). A diverse range of wildlife is also an integral component of a functioning ecosystem.

Most of the suitable habitat for native wildlife exists in the city’s well developed urban forest network, which includes the many established private gardens (residential, business and educational institutions). The city manages over 78 hectares of public parks, gardens and reserves, and approximately 11 000 street trees. Wetlands provide a significant habitat for breeding, and a food source for local animals. There are two wetlands located within the city, including Lake Mabel Talbot, which is a conservation category wetland in Jolimont, and Lake Jualbup, a resource enhancement category wetland in Shenton Park. The constructed lake at Subiaco Common also provides a valuable habitat for waterbirds. As well as sharing a 2 kilometre border with Kings Park, the city has two small areas of remnant bushland located at Jh abrahams Reserve (part of Pelican Point Bush Forever Site 402) and Jolimont Primary School. Pelican Point is included in the Swan Estuary Marine Park as an A Class Marine Reserve to protect important waterbird feeding and nesting sites for local and migratory species. Both areas of remnant bushland are degraded and have had management plans developed to restore the condition of the bushland and its associated wildlife and flora.

6 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 7 local Fauna

Local fauna

The city is known to have species that are listed by the Australian and state governments as either endangered or vulnerable Lake Jualbup to extinction, such as the carnaby’s cockatoo and forest red-tailed black cockatoo. Roosts for carnaby’s cockatoos are located at Cliff Sadlier Reserve and within the Lake Jualbup/Rankin Road Reserve area. Both species have been observed feeding Lake Jualbup supports a diverse range of macro-invertebrates. In throughout the city. spring 2012, fifty macro-invertebrate species were found, which is high compared with other wetlands on the Swan Coastal The city’s riverine areas and wetlands are used by migratory birds on a seasonal basis. Pelican Point contains mudflats and Plain (WRM, 2012). The macro-invertebrates are considered to intertidal vegetation, which are used by migratory wading birds, such as the red-necked stint that come from as far as northern represent a stable and functioning ecosystem. Asia. The rainbow bee-eater makes an annual journey from Papua New Guinea and northern Australia to breed and lay eggs in burrows in the sandy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain over summer, and has been observed within the city’s reserves. Migratory The lake provides habitat for five species of frogs, including the birds are protected by international treaties developed to protect nesting and feeding habitats. slender tree frog, motorbike frog, squelching froglet, western banjo frog and guenther’s toadlet. Frog diversity is similar, if not There have been a number of wildlife studies to assess the biodiversity of the local area, with a particular focus on the city’s slightly higher, than other wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain wetland environments. These surveys have identified a high diversity of aquatic life present within the city’s wetlands, which has (WRM, 2012). positive flow on effects for other wildlife in the area. The lake also supports a number of water bird species, and is of Lake Mabel Talbot importance for water bird breeding (Hanson, 2011). In August 1999, a total of thirty different Indigenous bird species, including The lake was surveyed for aquatic life, including aquatic macro-invertebrates, birds, frogs, long-necked turtles, fish and crayfish. aquatic and land-based birds, were recorded at the lake (Native Aquatic macro-invertebrates are small animals that are visible to the naked eye, have no backbone and spend at least part of Environmental Systems, 1999). Water bird species diversity was their life in water. Examples include some worms, mollusks and insects. Aquatic macro-invertebrates are a good indicator of considered to be high, while the overall number of birds was water quality and ecosystem health. similar to other wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain (WRM, 2012). Thirty-two aquatic macro-invertebrates were recorded in the lake’s water, eight of which were also found in the soil at the The long-necked turtle population at Lake Jualbup was estimated bottom of the lake (benthic sediment) (WRM, 2002). The highest concentration of macro-invertebrates was found around the to once be 621 individuals (Guyot and Kuchling, 1998). Between lake island vegetation, demonstrating the value of this habitat type (Lootz, 2012). 2002 and 2004 approximately 500 turtles were relocated to other permanent lakes on the Swan Coastal Plan due to concerns A total of twenty-one land-based bird and twenty-five aquatic bird species have been recorded at the lake W( RM, 2002). regarding turtles that did not aestivate (burrow into the mud) Students from the University of Western Australia (UWA) have undertaken annual counts of water bird species each year since during the summer drying of Lake Jualbup. In 2005 eighty-nine 1996. From 1996 to 2003 there were between five to nine water bird species on each monitoring occasion, with the number individuals were captured (Tysoe, 2005), and from 2011 to 2012 a of birds ranging from one to 154 for each species (Ecoscape, 2003). Bird species recorded at the lake include black swans, the total of thirty-five individuals were caught.A population estimate Australian shelduck and wood duck, ibis, moorhen and coot (Hanson, 2011). The city also recorded black-winged stilts and was not possible at this time due to the low number of recaptures spoonbills feeding at the lake. (Hamada, 2011 and WRM, 2012). In 2011 a total of nineteen long-necked turtles were captured in the lake (Hamada, 2011). In 2012, following a number of There have been no native fish or freshwater crayfish found recaptures, the population was estimated to be between thirty-four and fifty-five (Bencini andT urnbull, 2012). during monitoring; however, the city has noted crayfish remains Three frog species have been recorded, while no native fish or freshwater crayfish have been observed, although one introduced at Subiaco Common, which is an irrigation water holding pond. fish species was present (Ecoscape, 2003). Three species of introduced fish are present in the lake, including the mosquitofish, swordtail and goldfish (WRM, 2012).

Photo courtesy of Margaret Owen

8 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 9 Threats

Threats

The impact of climate change on the natural environment is expected to be the greatest threat to our native wildlife. Table 1: Threats to wildlife, with priority rating and corresponding management action/s. Refer to Appendix B for the full list The anticipated increased temperatures and reduced rainfall will impact the habitats and food sources of many animals. of management actions and their descriptions [protect (P1 to P11), enhance (E1 to E12), monitor (M1 to M2) and educate The introduction of the plant disease Phytophthora dieback into Western Australia is also recognised as a disaster of global (ED 1 to ED11)]. significance, due to its devastating impact on native ecosystem structure and urban vegetation, thereby reducing the number of animals able to be supported. Other threats to wildlife within the city include further urban development and infill density, Threat Priority Management action which can reduce the available habitat and food sources. Table 1 lists the primary threats to wildlife within the city, and the city’s management actions to address these. Increased temperatures High E3, E4 and E10 Habitat loss High P4, P5 and ED10

Vehicular traffic Medium P10, E11 and ED5

Increased lighting from development Medium P11

Extreme weather events High E4, E11, E12 and ED5

Habitat damage Medium P5, P9

Drought High E10, ED5 and ED10

Chemical or sewerage spill Medium P3

Plant diseases High P8

Disruption of breeding habitat Medium P2, P6 and P7

Feral animal attack Low P1, P2 and M1

Domestic animal attacks High P6, P7, E11 and ED2

Pesticide and herbicide use Low E11, ED5 and ED10

Waste and pollution Medium P9

Loss of landscape linkages High P4, P10, E1, E2, E3, ED6, ED7 and ED10

10 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 11 Management Priorities

Management priorities

The city has developed four management priority areas to assist with fulfilling this plan’s objectives.T he priority areas and their Enhance associated actions are listed in more detail in Appendix B. Enhance refers to increasing local wildlife diversity by improving Protect existing habitat and creating new habitat. The provision of appropriate habitat also provides a food source to support wildlife Protect refers to the conservation of remaining natural habitats within the city for the existing wildlife that reside, feed or in the region. breed within these areas. The city aims to prevent further loss of species and maintain genetic diversity through appropriate The Western Suburbs Regional Organisation of Councils management actions. (WESROC) are working together to develop regional greenways, The city’s Draft Local Planning Strategy 2013 provides direction for the zoning and potential use of land throughout Subiaco. which are identified in the Western Suburbs Greening Plan The strategy includes an objective to maintain and enhance natural resources, aimed at protecting the local environment. (Ecoscape, 2002). The greenways connect areas of vegetation to The city already has a number of management strategies in place to protect local habitat, including its Street Tree Policy and provide additional food and shelter and allow wildlife to move urban forest management guidelines. Trees included on the significant tree register are assessed according to a number of between habitat areas. A priority greenway in development is the criteria, including the provision of outstanding habitat. This includes trees observed to have significant hollows for birds or to be Perth to Fremantle transit reserve, which provides a 10 kilometre a major food source. The presence of large nests belonging to raptors (birds of prey), or multiple nests, may also qualify a tree corridor that varies in width from 60 to 150 metres. in this category. Bushland management plans are being implemented for all of the remaining areas of remnant native vegetation The city has developed a greenway map that identifies local within the city. greenways that complement the western suburbs regional The city’s green waste program also assists in the protection of habitat within the city. The on-demand service helps to avoid greenways (Figure 1). Revegetation activities are prioritised in the large-scale pruning or removal of vegetation that occurs in a short timeframe with infrequent scheduled green waste city’s greenways. Many of the greenways incorporate residential collection dates. streets, with streetscapes and private property playing a key role in how effectively the greenways function as wildlife corridors. An important part of protection is an inventory of all wildlife present within the city. A species list is provided in Appendix A. It must be noted that this is not a full list of the species that occur in the city and that further research and monitoring is The city’s hydrozoning plan aims to replace under-utilised areas required. Management actions will be tailored to suit the requirements of the identified species where appropriate. of grass within parks and reserves with native plantings. A verge development and assistance program helps the city’s residents to plant local native plant species in their verge areas. Support is offered to residents by the city through soil improvement, subsidised native plants and design advice. There are opportunities to target specific animal species and allow for year-round flowering through the planting of appropriate species. There are also opportunities in some cases to incorporate additional habitat elements, such as nesting boxes, hollow logs, rocks, water sources, vertical gardens, green roofs and refuge points in the existing built environment and within new developments. In addition, the city participates in a regional feral animal control program in conjunction with WESROC, which specifically focuses on fox and rabbit control. The city also works to protect wildlife from busy roadways through appropriate design of revegetation projects, although this can be challenging due to the urban nature of the area. As private property forms the largest area of land within the city, there are significant opportunities to encourage residents, businesses and schools to participate in activities designed to enhance habitat for wildlife.

12 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 13 Management Priorities

Monitor Figure 1: Local and regional greenways in the city are priority areas for revegetation to function as wildlife corridors.

A monitoring program will provide baseline data and information on population trends over time, which will allow the city to implement adaptive management. RosemarySalvado Ln Rd Coral Tree Ave Jasmine Ave Railway Pde Mabel Wexford St Henderson McCourt St Juniper Bank Wy

Kerr St

White Pl

Greenwood Ln Greenwood H

Court Pl Park Talbot St Harborne Roydhouse St a Subiaco Rd Mere View Way y Monitoring of the physical condition of the city’s wetlands is undertaken daily so that any issues can be responded to d Jolimont Tce n Park Upham St B Hood St u Centro Ave n to Subiaco Mueller n

Allora Ave Station St Metters Ln Brigid Rd D r

Selvetica Ln Hamilton St immediately. The water quality of the city’s wetlands and groundwater is regularly monitored to assess nutrient and heavy metal Carter Ln Oval Park Darbon Cres

Selby St Roberts Rd Coghlan Rd

Bishop St Bishop Fremantle – Perth LaurinoMinerva Tce Ln levels. Through this program, the city is able to respond to any identified issues. Seddon St York St

Peel St York St Perry Ln Perry Roberts Rd Railway Link Price St

Alvan St

Tighe St Tighe Jersey St Jersey

Eileen St

Catherine St

Axon St

May St Rosebery St Rosebery

Hamilton St

Landsdowne St Landsdowne Hay St Cardigan Tce

Hay St St Townshend The city also has scholarships available for local university students to undertake targeted research projects, which assists with Rd Halesworth Forrest Rd Churchill Ave Churchill Ave

Robinson Tce St Olive

Currie St Rowland St

Denis St

Troy Tce Coghlan Rd Dakin St Axon St the development of appropriate management actions. Barker Rd Barker Rd Barker Rd Thomas St Richardson

Lutley Ave Tce

Jersey St Park St Park St Park St

Wilsmore St Roberta St

Denis St Stevens St Rowland St Willcock Ave

Bedford Ave Bagot Rd Rokeby Rd Bagot Rd McCallum Ave

Northmore St Subiaco Educate Lawler St Munsie Ave Woolnough St Railway Rd Theatre Troy Tce Kings Rd Francis St

Bedford Ave Douglas Ave Douglas

Salisbury St

Hickey Ave Rokeby Rd

Rupert St

Proclamation St Gardens Townshend St Hamersley Rd Hamersley Rd Robinson St

Refern St

Hensman Rd

Federal St

It is important that city staff, the community, businesses and schools are provided with information on actions they can Redfern St Union St Rawson St Chubb St Sadlier St Underwood Ave Darbyshire Dr

Kershaw St

Salisbury St

Derby Rd

Chester St

Ada St

Browne St bushland Heytesbury Rd undertake to protect and enhance wildlife across the city. Education is also important for professional groups, such as architects, Nicholl St Heytesbury Rd

Gloster Gloster St

Gloster St Union St Nash St St Duke St engineers and builders, to encourage the consideration of wildlife during urban planning and development. St Rupert

View St

Coleraine St

Finlayson St

Salisbury St

Cunningham St Kings Park

Coolgardie St Nicholson Rd Lonnie St Nicholson Rd

Gray St

The Aboriginal cultural significance of the landscape and its associated fauna and flora cannot be underestimated. It is important Selby St Rankin Rd

Henry St William St Thomas St

Austin St

Arthur St

Rosalie St

Waverley St Hensman Rd to raise awareness about how the land was managed prior to European settlement, and the practises, values and laws that Stubbs Tce Shenton Waylen Rd Keightly Rd Park Lake Morgan St

facilitated this management. Systems of using fire and the life cycles of native plants to ensure plentiful wildlife and plant foods bushland Derby Rd

King St Jualbup Excelsior St Evans St Herbert Rd

Stanmore St throughout the year were employed over many thousands of years (Gammage, 2011). Laws restricted the harvesting of certain Waverley St Onslow Rd Onslow Rd

Bowman St wildlife and plants at different times during the year to protect species from overhunting (Hancock, 2013). Railway Rd Charles St

James St Lyall St

Hilda St Rosalie

Violet Gr

Yilgarn St

Herbert St

Murchison St

Hopetoun Tce Commercial Rd Park Parks The city has Aboriginal interpretive signage at Mabel Talbot Reserve, JH Abrahams Reserve and Jolimont bushland to recognise Smyth Rd Cuthbert St

Harvey Rd John St Aberdare Rd the importance of these sites as historical hunting grounds. The city aims to increase the understanding of the use and Regional Greenways

management of wildlife by the land’s Aboriginal inhabitants. Hospital Ave Local Greenways Interaction with nature has been identified as an important aspect of a child’s development.L ocal schools can participate Kings Park Green Contributions Monash Ave in activities within school grounds, reserves managed by the city, or within the students’ households. These opportunities Outside priority Greenways complement the school’s existing environmental curriculum and provide for a higher level of understanding and interaction with Hardy Rd

Winthrop Ave External Links nature. These opportunities are currently lacking due to the increased urban nature of society. Karella St Poole Ave Significant Tree Avenues

Tareena St Tareena

Kanimbla Rd Park Rd City of Subiaco boundary

Hampden Rd Mounts Bay Rd

River Foreshore Stirling Hwy Link

Cooper St

University of

Clark St Fairway Western Australia

Edward St Swan River

Myers St Hackett Dr

Cook St Broadway

Caporn St

Parkway Fairway Everett St Pelican Point

Princess Rd

The Ave

Swan River River Park Foreshore

J.H. Abrahams Link

14 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 15 Relevant legislation and strategies Resources

Relevant legislation and strategies Resources

The legislation and strategies most relevant to the city’s wildlife management priorities are outlined below. The city’s For further information on topics discussed in this plan, the management actions contribute to the conservation of species and their habitat as provided for at the international, national following links may be useful: and state government levels. • Wildcare helpline (Department of Environment and Conservation), 9474 9055 International • Department of Environment and Conservation, The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN, 2007) provides information on the www.dec.wa.gov.au conservation status of plants and animals that have been globally evaluated using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. • Bird Life Australia, www.birdlife.org.au Australian Government • Western Australian Gould League, www.wagouldleague.com.au Australia’s Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 2010–2030 (NRMMC, 2010) aims to protect biological diversity and maintain • Western Australian Naturalists Club, ecological processes and systems. The National Wildlife Corridors Plan: a Framework for Landscape-Scale Conservation www.wanaturalists.org.au (DSEWPC, 2012) supports landscape connectivity to develop a network of wildlife corridors and support wildlife movement and function in the landscape. • Western Australian Museum, www.museum.wa.gov.au The Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) assesses the conservation significance of animal species and forms the framework for protection of significant species at theC ommonwealth level. • Perth Zoo, www.perthzoo.wa.gov.au • Society for the Preservation of Raptors, State Government of Western Australia www.raptor.org.au

The Western Australian Draft State Planning Strategy (WAPC, 2012) provides the strategic direction for coordinating land use • Karaakin Black Cockatoo Recovery Centre, planning and development across the state in a sustainable manner. A key objective of the strategy is to conserve biodiversity www.blackcockatoorecovery.com and manage the state’s natural resources in a sustainable manner. The Capital City Planning Framework: a Vision for Central Perth (WAPC, 2013) aims to develop actions to contribute to improvements in local biodiversity, which are linked to a larger approach to improve biodiversity on a regional and national scale. Specifically, the framework states that ‘the setting for central Perth is to be reconceived as a world class, multifunctional green network, shaped by the city’s sense of place, providing benefits to people and wildlife and showcasing our unique city-scapes and biodiversity.’ This is supported by an objective to ‘enhance our sense of place’, which includes a principle to ‘celebrate and safeguard our indigenous and endemic flora and fauna to provide character and uniqueness’. Western Australia’s Bush Forever Strategy 2000 (WAPC, 2000) identifies regionally significant bushland in the PerthM etropolitan Region to be retained, managed and protected forever, based on several criteria. These criteria range from maintaining system processes, to representation of ecological communities or areas with a high diversity or rarity of flora and fauna species. Several pieces of legislation are relevant to wildlife management in Western Australia, including the: • Agriculture and Related Resources Protection Act 1976 – prohibits and regulates the introduction and spread and/or keeping of certain plants and animals • Cat Act 2011 – management of cats, which are a major threat to urban fauna • Conservation and Land Management Act 1984 – vesting or reservation of land for conservation purposes, and the ability to enter into agreements with private landholders and pastoral lessees • Environmental Protection Act 1986 – prevention and control of pollution and environmental harm, and for the conservation, preservation, protection, enhancement and management of the environment in Western Australia • Planning and Development Act 2005 and associated state Planning Policy 2.8: Bushland Policy for the Perth Metropolitan Region – protects bushland and integrate management with broader land use planning • Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act) – assesses the conservation significance of animal species and forms the framework for protection of significant species at the state level.

16 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 17 References

References

Bencini, R. and A. Turnbull (2012) Monitoring of the turtle population at Lake Mabel Talbot Progress Report. National Geographic (2013) National Geographic Earth pulse. Accessed January 2013. www.nationalgeographic.com.au University Of Western Australia, Perth. Native Environmental Systems (1999) Report on Lake Jualbup, Shenton Park. City of Subiaco, Perth. City of Chicago (2006) Wildlife Plan City of Chicago. City of Chicago, Chicago. NRMMC (2010) Australia’s Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 2010–2030. Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. Conservation International (2012) Biodiversity Hotspots: Hotspots Science. Accessed January 2013. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra. www.biodiversityhotspots.org Thompson CW (2012) More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns. DEC (2012) Protecting Wildlife in the Goldfields Region. Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh. Perth. Urban Ecology Australia (2009) Urban Wildlife Management Plan. City of Yarra, Melbourne. DSEWPAC (2012) National Wildlife Corridors Plan: A Framework for Landscape-Scale Conservation. Department of Sustainability, Ulrich RS (1999) Healing gardens: therapeutic benefits and design recommendations (Eds. Cooper Marcus C & Barnes M). Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Ecoscape (2002) Western Suburbs Greening Plan. Ecoscape Australia Pty Ltd, North Fremantle. Ulrich RS (2001) Effects of healthcare environmental design on medical outcomes. In: Design & Health: Proceedings of the Gammage B (2011) The Biggest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines Made Australia. Allen and Unwin, Melbourne. Second International Conference on Health and Design. (Ed. Dilani A) Stockholm, Sweden. Gleeson, J.D (2012) Reducing the impacts of development on wildlife. CSIRO Publishing, Victoria. WAPC (2012) State Planning Strategy: Draft for Public Comment. Western Australian Planning Commission and the WA Hamada S (2011) Genetic population structure of the oblong turtle. The University of Western Australia, Perth. Department of Planning, Perth. Hancock P (2013) The bird that’s as WA as beer and taxis. Accessed May 2013. www.watoday.com.au WAPC (2013) Capital City Planning Framework: a vision for Central Perth. Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth. Hanson T (2011) Water bird survey of . Murdoch University, Perth. WRM (2002) Mabel Talbot lake aquatic fauna survey. Wetland Research & Management, Perth. Lootz M (2012) Lake Mabel Talbot Wetland Health Assessment with a Major Focus on Macro invertebrate Community. WRM (2013) Lake Jualbup aquatic fauna surveys: interim report. Spring 2012 Sampling. Wetland Research & TAFE Central Institute of Technology, East Perth. Management, Perth.

Mural artwork by Darren Hutchens

18 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 19 Appendix A: Fauna list

Appendix A: Fauna list

Please note this is not a complete list of species occurring in the Subiaco area and is updated regularly as new information Fauna group Common name Species name becomes available. Other birds Australian magpie Cracticus tibicen Fauna group Common name Species name Australian raven Corvus coronoides Australian ringneck (28 parrot) Barnardius zonarius Mammals Brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula Barn owl Tyto alba White-striped freetail bat Tadarida australis Barking owl Ninox connivens Gould’s wattled bat Chalinolobus gouldii Black faced cuckoo shrike Coracina novaehollandiae Birds Water birds Carnaby's black cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris Australasian darter Anhinga novaehollandiae Forest red-tailed black cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii naso Australasian grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Pink and grey galah Eolophus roseicapillus Australasian shoveler Anas rhynchotis Grey butcherbird Cracticus torquatus Australian pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus Laughing kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae Australian shelduck T adorna tadornoides Laughing turtle-dove Streptopelia senegalensis Australian white ibis Threskiornis molucca Little corella Cacatua sanguinea Australian wood duck Chenonetta jubata Long-billed corella* Cacatua tenuirostris Banded stilt Cladorhynchus leucocephalus Magpie lark Grallina cyanoleuca Black fronted dotterel Elseyornis melanops New holland honey eater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae Black swan Cygnus atratus Rainbow bee-eater** Merops ornatus Black tailed native hen Tribonyx ventralis Rainbow lorikeet* Trichoglossus haematodus Buff banded rail Gallirallus philippensis Red wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata Chestnut teal Anas castanea Silver gull Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Dusky moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa Southern boobook owl Ninox novaeseelandiae Eastern great egret Ardea modesta Tawny frogmouth Podargus strigoides Eurasian coot Fulica atra Welcome swallow Hirundo neoxena Freckled duck Stictonetta naevosa White cheeked honey eater Phylidonyris niger Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Willy wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys Grey teal Anas gracilis Reptiles Long-necked or oblong turtle Chelodina oblonga Hoary-headed grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus Bobtail lizard Tiliqua rugosa Hard head Aythya australis Skinks Little black cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Geckos Little egret Egretta garzetta Crustaceans Freshwater crayfish Little pied cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos Amphibians Western banjo frog Limnodynastes dorsalis Mallard duck Anas platyrhynchos Slender tree frog Litoria adelaidensis Muscovy duck Cairina moschata Motorbike frog Litoria moorei Musk duck Biziura lobata Squelching froglet Crinia insignifera Nankeen night heron Nycticorax caledonicus Guenther's toadlet Pseudophryne guentheri Pacific black duck Anas superciliosa Fish Mosquito fish* Gambusia holbrooki Pink eared duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus Swordtail* Xiphophorus helleri Purple swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio Goldfish* Carassius auratus Red necked stint** Calidris ruficollis Straw necked ibis Threskiornis spinicollis White faced heron Egretta novaeholland Yellow billed spoonbill Platalea flavipes

20 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 21 Appendix A: Fauna list

Fauna group Common name Species name Butterflies Australian painted lady Vanessa kershawi Insects Native bee Dragonfly Macro-invertebrates Round worms Nematoda Flat worms Tubellaria Aquatic segmented worms Oligochaeta Leeches Hirudinea Freshwater hydra Cridaria Snails and bivalves Mollusca Water fleas, copepods and side Crustacea swimmers Water mites Acarina Aquatic beetles Coleoptera Two-winged fly lavae Diptera This page is Mayfly larvae Ephemeroptera True bugs Hemiptera intentionally left blank Moth larvae Lepidoptera for additional species Dragonflies and damselflies Odonata Caddisfly larvae Trichoptera

* Invasive species (non-native) ** Migratory species

Photo courtesy of Margaret Owen

22 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 23 Appendix B: Actions

Appendix B: Actions A 2013 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 ction # –14 Action list

Protect Identify all feral animal species in the city and determine the practicality and need for P1 ✗ control programs

Continue to support and promote the WESROC feral animal (fox and rabbit) management P2 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ program, investigate adding rainbow lorikeets to control list

Develop a process and obtain necessary equipment for dealing with sewerage and/or P3 ✗ chemical spills into natural areas

Maintain existing fauna habitat within parks and reserves P4 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗

Undertake habitat assessment of large hollow bearing trees prior to any tree removal and P5 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ Photo courtesy of Margaret Owen retain where suitable Review ‘dog off leash’ classification of parks and reserves and determine whether P6 ✗ amendments are required to protect wildlife

Improve signage and enforce areas where dogs are required to be on a leash to to protect P7 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ wildlife

Develop and implement the city’s Urban Forest Pathogen Management Plan to prevent P8 ✗ further loss of habitat

Undertake regular litter removal from wetland areas and implement sediment control P9 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ guidelines

Improve wildlife crossing signage along roadways, near wetlands and in greenways P10 ✗ ✗

Review streetscape and park lighting for adverse impacts on nocturnal wildlife in areas of P11 ✗ ✗ high quality habitat, and adjust lighting if necessary

Enhance

Improve connectivity of the city’s greenways through additional native plantings E1 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗

Ensure native verge gardens within greenways are prioritised to receive the residential E2 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ verge development assistance program

Implement wildlife friendly plantings and ground conditions in parks and reserves in E3 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ conjunction with the city’s hydrozoning program

Enhance available habitat through creation of innovative areas of green open space such E4 ✗ ✗ ✗ as vertical gardens and green roof tops

Augment wetlands with additional riparian plantings to provide habitat and nesting E5 ✗ ✗ material for waterbirds

Retain tree hollows and logs from tree removals for re-use within the city’s natural areas E6 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗

Undertake fracture pruning arboricultural practises to encourage the natural development E7 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ of hollows within living trees where suitable

Develop a staged program for the installation of animal nest boxes throughout the city’s E8 ✗ ✗ parks and reserves

Photo courtesy of Margaret Owen

24 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 25 Appendix B: Actions A 2013 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 ction # –14 Action list

Trial the installation of an insect hotel E9 ✗

Trial a wildlife friendly water access point within a reserve E10 ✗

Develop a management process for dealing with sick or injured wildlife E11 ✗

Encourage wildlife friendly gardens on private property within the municipality E12 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗

Monitor

Monitor the use of installed habitat elements such as nest boxes, constructed tree hollows M1 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ and insect hotels

Develop a wildlife sighting form for staff and residents to record and communicate M2 ✗ sightings of native wildlife

Educate

Provide interpretive signage on bird species at Mabel Talbot and Lake Jualbup reserves ED1 ✗ ✗ Provide information for community members on appropriate interaction with wildlife ED2 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ (e.g. bird feeding, long-neck turtles in residential gardens)

Provide interpretive signage and artwork at appropriate locations to increase awareness ED3 ✗ ✗ and interest in local fauna and their habitats

Continue to partner with universities and offer student scholarships for local wildlife ED4 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ research projects

Provide information on the city’s website on local wildlife ED5 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗

Work with local non-government organisations (e.g. Birdlife Australia) to implement ED6 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ protection, enhancement and educational opportunities for local fauna

Work with neighbouring authorities (e.g. Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority to facilitate ED7 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ movement of wildlife between different areas of management

Host wildlife night stalks and other events to educate the community on the local wildlife ED8 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ within the area

Work with local schools on habitat enhancement projects and provide education ED9 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ opportunities

Develop education materials to aid in the uptake of wildlife habitat features for new ED10 ✗ developments and existing private property

Develop education materials and create partnerships to aid in the understanding of pre- ED11 ✗ European habitat conditions and Aboriginal life as hunters and gatherers

26 | City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan City of Subiaco 2013 –2017 Wildlife enhancement plan | 27 241 Rokeby Road SUBIACO WA 6008 PO Box 270 SUBIACO WA 6904

Phone: 08 9237 9222 Fax: 08 9237 9200 Email: [email protected] Website: www.subiaco.wa.gov.au