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Les Algues Dasycladales Du Permien Et Du Trias Nouvelle Tentative D’Inventaire Bibliographique, Géographique Et Stratigraphique

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Les Algues Dasycladales Du Permien Et Du Trias Nouvelle Tentative D’Inventaire Bibliographique, Géographique Et Stratigraphique GEOL. CROAT. 53/1 1 - 197 27 Figs. 1 Tab. ZAGREB 2000 Les Algues Dasycladales du Permien et du Trias Nouvelle tentative d’inventaire bibliographique, géographique et stratigraphique Bruno R.C. GRANIER 1 and TonÊi GRGASOVIÆ 2 Mots-clés: Algues, Dasycladales, Permien, Trias, liste Key words: Algae, Dasycladales, Permian, Triassic, synonymique, bibliographie. Synonymy list, Bibliography. Résumé Abstract La présente étude tente de dresser un inventaire exhaustif des The present work enlists as comprehensively as possible the Per- Algues Dasycladales du Permien et du Trias. Ë la liste bibli- mian and Triassic Dasyclad algae. For each species, localities and ographique de chaque espèce viennent s’adjoindre l’indication de la stratigraphic positions attached to the quoted specimens are detailed localité et de la position stratigraphique des spécimens référencés. within the synonymy list. TABLE DES MATIéRES 1. INTRODUCTION Cette étude constitue une extension de la publica- 1. INTRODUCTION................................................ 1 tion de GRANIER & DELOFFRE (1995), troisième Revue historique teintée de statistiques.............. 2 volet d’un “Inventaire critique des Algues Dasycladales Nouvelles remarques taxonomiques................... 3 fossiles” consacré aux formes du Permien et du Trias. Distributions géographique et stratigraphique.... 5 Les diverses espèces d’Algues Dasycladales alors Conclusion.......................................................... 6 décrites y étaient énumérées; les principaux problèmes nomenclaturaux y étaient évoqués et pour certains réso- 2. LISTE SYNONYMIQUE.................................... 7 lus; enfin, la répartition stratigraphique des formes 3. BIBLIOGRAPHIE............................................... 164 valides y était esquissée. Il s’agissait là d’une étude préliminaire faisant partie d’un projet plus ambitieux, le Permian and Triassic Dasyclad Algae: Projet PETRALGA (“PErmian and TRiassic ALGAe”), Bibliographic, Geographic, and dont le but est d’établir une synthèse portant sur Stratigraphic Reappraisal.................................... 195 l’ensemble des Algues du Permien et du Trias (GRANIER, 1993). Il fallait aller au-delà de ce document: pour ce faire, nous nous sommes livrés à un examen rigoureux de l’ensemble des données disponibles. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur les deux “essais d’inventaires” publiés par EMBERGER, il y a une vingtaine d’années déjà, le premier sur les Algues du Carbonifère et du Permien (EMBERGER, 1976) et le second sur celles du Trias (EMBERGER, 1979). Toutefois, à la différence de leur auteur, nous n’avons pas voulu retenir les cita- tions non accompagnées d’une figuration (et donc non vérifiables), sauf si ces citations concernaient un prob- lème nomenclatural. Ce sont ainsi plus de 600 publica- 1 adresse actuelle: PDD/Zakum, ADMA-OPCO, P.O.Box303, Abu tions (dont plus de la moitié non référencées par notre Dhabi, UnitedArab Emirates ([email protected]); honorable prédécesseur) qui ont été analysées. adresse permanente: Le Clair Côteau, 14-A Rue de la Guaize, 28130 Maintenon, France. Nous avons porté une attention particulière aux 2 Institute of Geology, Sachsova 2, P.O.Box 268, HR-10000 Zagreb, points suivants: citation exacte des références bibli- Croatia. ographiques, validité des taxons, identification du 2 Geologia Croatica 53/1 Fig. 1 Évolution de la recherche sur les Dasy- cladales du Permien et du Trias de l’origine à l’aube du nouveau millénaire. Ce dia- gramme a été établi à partir des publications référencées dans notre liste bibliographique: le nombre de publications (représenté par des colonnes) ainsi que le nombre d’espèces nouvelles (représenté par des points et des lignes) sont reportés en ordonnées et les décennies sur l’axe des abcisses. Seules les nouvelles espèces valides (y compris les synonymes) et celles qui sont susceptibles d’être validées ultérieurement (voir le texte) ont été répertoriées. Fig. 1 Development of the research on Permian and Triassic Dasycladales. The source are papers cited in the bibliography.The num- bers on the vertical axis present the number of papers (columns) and a number of a new species (points and lines) in a decade. Only valid new species (synonyms included), and those that can be easily validated (see the text) are included. matériel-type, distributions stratigraphiques et géo- (1876-1898), SALOMON (1895), SCHUBERT graphiques précises avec une utilisation d’appelations (1907-1909), ou encore KARPINSKY (1909a, b). Ë standardisées tout au long de la liste synonymique, ainsi cette première étape, est rattaché le nom de Julius von que les éventuelles divergences entre le corps du texte PIA (1912-1943), indubitablement le spécialiste le et les légendes des illustrations. Dans de nombreux cas, plus renommé pour ses travaux sur les algues fos- nous avons également pondéré la validité de certaines siles, en général, et sur les formes de cet intervalle déterminations dans la liste synonymique: une interro- stratigraphique, en particulier; gation “?” correspond à une attribution incertaine et une - la seconde période correspond à une étape d’expan- négation “non” à une erreur de détermination. sion et d’internationalisation, postérieure à la deux- ième guerre mondiale, qui a largement bénéficié des REVUE HISTORIQUE TEINTÉE DE jalons posés par Julius von PIA. Parmi cette nouvelle STATISTIQUES génération de chercheurs, nous relevons, entre autres, L’analyse des données réunies à l’occasion de cette les noms de JOHNSON (1942-1969), HERAK publication nous permet de souligner quelques aspects (1950-1967), KORDÉ (1950-1965), ENDO (1951- sous-jacents concernant notamment l’évolution de la 1969), KONISHI (1952-1959), KOCHANSKY-DE- recherche sur les Dasycladales du Permien et du Trias. VIDÉ (1955-1984), ELLIOTT (1956-1982), KULIK La figure 1 présente sous la forme d’un graphique un (1956-1978), BYSTRICKY« (1957-1986), HORIGU- bilan de cette recherche depuis ses origines, au XIXème CHI (1957-1961), PANTIÆ (1959-1997), MILA- siècle, jusqu’à nos jours. Trois étapes principales ont NOVIÆ (1962-1986), FLÜGEL (1963-1999), OTT été identifiées: (1963-1975), SOKAÈ (1964-1998), et GÜVENÇ (1965-1979); - la première période correspond à une étape de “bal- butiements”, avec les premières publications sur les - la troisième période, qui débute vers le milieu des Dasycladales triasiques dès les années 1850 et celles années 70, correspond à une étape où le nombre de sur les Dasycladales permiennes à partir des années publication reste élevé (bien que décroissant), mais 1900 seulement. Cette étape s’est poursuivie pendant dont la caractéristique principale est surtout une la première moitié du XIXème siècle. Parmi les pre- décroissance drastique du nombre de création de nou- miers paléontologues à étudier les Dasycladales du veaux taxons. Concommitamment, le renouvellement Permien et du Trias, notons une prédominance “géo- des chercheurs est faible; parmi ces derniers, nous graphique” des auteurs germanophones ou italo- retiendrons les noms de ZORN (1971-1978), MA- phones avec notamment SCHAFHÄUTL (1853- MET (1973-1996), CHUVASHOV (1974-1993), MU 1867), SCHAUROTH (1855-1859), STOPPANI XI-NAN (1974-1984), VACHARD (1974-1997), (1857-1865), GÜMBEL (1872-1874), BENECKE ROUX (1975-1989), SENOWBARI-DARYAN Granier & GrgasoviÊ: Les Algues Dasycladales du Permien et du Trias... 3 (1978-1993), DE CASTRO (1979-1997), et DI STE- 1991; BERGER & KAEVER, 1992; GRANIER & DE- FANO (1981-1991), entre autres. Il y a probablement LOFFRE, 1994; BUCUR, 1999). deux causes principales pour justifier cette tendance. L’analyse des données bibliographiques permet On peut considérer que les espèces les plus com- d’esquisser plusieurs hypothèses de travail concernant munes du Permien et du Trias ont déjà été décou- l’évolution de ce groupe d’algues. Ainsi, par exemple, vertes; pour cette raison, les publications récentes ne on remarque que le nombre d’espèces par intervalle font que recenser les occurrences ou apporter temps est bien plus élevé pour le Permien qu’il ne l’est quelques informations complémentaires sur la mor- pour le Trias; par contre le nombre d’espèces par genre phologie. D’autre part, le fort développement de dis- est beaucoup plus faible. Quelques statistiques complé- ciplines en partie concurrentes, telles que la “Sédi- mentaires suggèrent toutefois de considérer avec pru- mentologie” ou la “Stratigraphie séquentielle”, a dence ces conclusions. En effet, parmi les 213 espèces relégué la micropaléontologie au second plan; les permiennes valides ou susceptibles d’être validées, 111 algues n’y sont utilisées que très occasionellement, d’entre elles (52%) ont été décrites dans une seule comme indicateur de faciès par exemple. Enfin, localité (82 dans le Permien du Japon et de la Thaï- accessoirement, il semblerait que parmi les phycolo- lande); parmi les 100 espèces triasiques, 30 d’entre gistes les séries du Permien et du Trias aient perdu en elles (30%) ont été également décrites dans une seule popularité dans les dernières décennies et ce au béné- localité. En outre, quelques différences ont été relevées fice des séries plus jeunes; entre les auteurs dans l’application des critères tax- - si maintenant nous considérons l’avenir de la onomiques ainsi que dans leur façon d’interpréter des recherche sur les Dasycladales du Permien et du différences morphologiques entre différents spécimens Trias, il est plutôt sombre et incertain: à terme, le d’algues. Par exemple, un auteur a 17 publications nombre de création d’espèces nouvelles doit tendre
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