DOCSLIB.ORG

Black Lives Matter: Banning Police Lynchings

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Black Lives Matter: Banning Police Lynchings Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly Volume 48 Number 1 Fall 2020 Article 3 Fall 2020 Black Lives Matter: Banning Police Lynchings Mitchell F. Crusto Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_constitutional_law_quaterly Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Mitchell F. Crusto, Black Lives Matter: Banning Police Lynchings, 48 HASTINGS CONST. L.Q. 3 (2020). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_constitutional_law_quaterly/vol48/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BLACK LIVES MATTER: BANNING POLICE LYNCHINGS Black Lives Matter: Banning Police Lynchings by Mitchell F. Crusto1 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................. 4 I. Unequal Justice ......................................................................................... 9 A. Kill Policy ........................................................................................ 10 B. The Movement ................................................................................. 15 C. Conundrum ...................................................................................... .19 II. George Floyd Anti-Lynching Code ....................................................... 26 III. Equal Justice ......................................................................................... 27 A. Executions ....................................................................................... .28 B. Systemic Racism ............................................................................. .59 C. Lynching ......................................................................................... .63 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 68 Addendum I: The George Floyd Anti-Lynching Code ............................... 69 Abstract: In the United States, police officers are granted a license to use lethal force and are subsequently exonerated from personal criminal liability for fatal killings, particularly when the victim is an African American. This Article advances the normative claim that the Court’s death penalty jurisprudence, including the “Cruel and Unusual Punishment” Clause of the Eighth Amendment, protects the victims of police homicides. Further, it contends that the police use of lethal force against African Americans constitutes “lynching”—a State-sponsored act of terror that supports systemic racism. Finally, it posits that the Constitution mandates that the 1. J.D., Yale Law 1981; M.A., Oxford 1985; Distinguished Henry F. Bonura, Jr. Professor, Loyola University New Orleans College of Law. Thanks to Loyola students Lindsey Freihoff, LaTreshia A. Hamilton, and Jillian Morrison; and to my colleagues at the John Mercer Langston Writers Workshop. [3] BLACK LIVES MATTER: BANNING POLICE LYNCHINGS 4 HASTINGS CONSTITUTIONAL LAW QUARTERLY Vol. 48:1 police use of lethal force be abolished—a transformative solution to save Black lives and to achieve equal justice. Introduction** In Louisville, on March 13, 2020, Breonna Taylor, a twenty-six-year- old Black2 female emergency room technician, was slain while asleep in her bed in her home.3 Taylor was killed by at least eight of the more than twenty bullets fired by three white male plainclothes police officers who used a battering ram to force open the door while raiding her home pursuant to a no-knock warrant.4 In Minneapolis, on May 25, 2020, the media broadcasted a cellphone video of four police officers detaining a Black male who was handcuffed and lying face down in the street.5 One white6 male officer continuously pressed his knee to the man’s neck, while two white male officers applied their knees to his back and legs, as another male police officer looked on.7 The detained man repeatedly cried out, “I can’t breathe.”8 The chokehold lasted for eight 2. This Article capitalizes the “B” in “Black,” when referring to Americans of the African diaspora. See generally Kwame Anthony Appiah, Opinion, The Case for Capitalizing the B in Black, THE ATLANTIC (June 18, 2020), https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/ 2020/06/time-to-capitalize-blackand-white/613159/; Dean Baquet et al., Uppercasing ‘Black’, N.Y. TIMES (June 30, 2020), https://www.nytco.com/press/uppercasing-black/ (announcing that the New York Times is capitalizing the word “Black” when describing people and cultures of African origin). Throughout this Article, I intentionally interchange the use of the words “Black” and “African American. 3. See Arian Campos-Flores et al., Police Killing of Breonna Taylor Fuels Calls to End No-Knock Warrants, WALL ST. J. (May 24, 2020), https://www.wsj.com/articles/police- killing-of-breonna-taylor-fuels-calls-to-end-no-knock-warrants-11590332400. Black women are victims of varying forms of police brutality, including fatal shootings, rape, and maiming. See Mary-Elizabeth Murphy, Black Women Are the Victims of Police Violence, Too, WASH. POST (July 24, 2020, 5:00 AM), https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/07/ 24/police-violence-happens-against-women-too/. See generally KIMBERLÉ CRENSHAW ET AL., SAY HER NAME: RESISTING POLICE BRUTALITY AGAINST BLACK WOMEN (2016). 4. Campos-Flores et. al., supra note 2. 5. Evan Hill, 8 Minutes and 46 Seconds: How George Floyd Was Killed in Police Custody, N.Y. TIMES (May 31, 2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/31/us/george- floyd-investigation.html?auth=login-email&login=email (George Floyd was arrested for allegedly passing a counterfeit twenty-dollar bill) 6. This Article intentionally notes that the officers who kill Blacks, particularly Black males, are white males, which raises masculinity issues that are beyond the scope of this Article. See generally Frank Rudy Cooper, “Who’s the Man?”: Masculinities Studies, Terry Stops, and Police Training, 18 COLUM. J. GENDER & L. 671 (2009) (examining how masculinity contests specifically, and masculinities studies generally, affect policing). 7. Hill, supra note 4. 8. Id. BLACK LIVES MATTER: BANNING POLICE LYNCHINGS Fall 2020 BLACK LIVES MATTER 5 minutes and forty-six seconds, resulting in the man’s death.9 That person’s name was George Floyd.10 In Atlanta, on June 12, 2020, Rayshard Brooks, a twenty-seven-year- old Black male, was shot and killed by a white male police officer.11 Brooks was shot twice in the back as he ran away from two police officers. His crime was “driving” while intoxicated, despite being asleep and parked in a Wendy’s drive thru.12 The police killings of Rayshard Brooks, George Floyd, and Breonna Taylor13 compel examination of the legality and the morality of the police use of lethal force—raising disturbing questions about racial animus, systemic racism, and institutional racism against Blacks.14 In response to these questions, this Article contends that the police use of deadly force serves two purposes: first, it terminates the life of a Black person, usually a male, who refused to readily submit to police authority, and second, it terrorizes Blacks and thereby reinforces white supremacy. Thus, the police use of lethal force is both a moral issue and legal crisis that needs a transformative solution. The recent police killings of Blacks, along with similar recent atrocities,15 have re-ignited the Black Lives Matter Movement (the “Movement”).16 The Movement demands an end to racial injustice and 9. Id. 10. Id. 11. Helena Oliviero et al., Who Was Rayshard Brooks?, THE ATL. J. CONST. (June 14, 2020), https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/who-was-rayshard-brooks/lWjd3oZvR5D9QZywptiGkP/. 12. Id. 13. These recent questionable uses of lethal force join those of Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Trayvon Martin, Rodney King, and so many others. 14. See infra Part I, B. 15. For example, near Brunswick, Georgia, on February 23, 2020, Ahmaud Arbery, a Black male, was jogging when two white males, claiming they acted as civilian law enforcement, shot and killed him. See Richard Fausset, What We Know About the Shooting Death of Ahmaud Arbery, N.Y. TIMES (June 4, 2020), https://www.nytimes.com/article/ ahmaud-arbery-shooting-georgia.html. In Aurora, Colorado, on August 24, 2019, Elijah McClain, a 23-year-old Black male, while walking home and unarmed, was stopped by white police officers. One officer placed McClain into a carotid hold, cutting off the flow of oxygen to his brain. Paramedics gave McClain ketamine to sedate him, while the officers held him down for fifteen minutes as McClain went into cardiac arrest. McClain was declared brain dead on August 30, 2019. See Stephanie Guerilus, After Elijah McClain Was Killed by Police, a Petition Signed by More than 2M Seeks Justice, THE GRIO (June 24, 2020, 6:10 PM), https://www.aol.com/article/ news/2020/06/24/after-elijah-mcclain-was-killed-by-police-a-petition-signed-by-more-than- 2m-seeks-justice/24535890/ 16. See Alicia Garza, A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement by Alicia Garza, THE FEMINIST WIRE (Oct. 7, 2014), https://thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/; Herstory, BLACKLIVESMATTER, https://blacklivesmatter.com/herstory/ (“Black Lives Matter BLACK LIVES MATTER: BANNING POLICE LYNCHINGS 6 HASTINGS CONSTITUTIONAL LAW QUARTERLY Vol. 48:1 oppression in America,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction
    More Existing Movable Bridges Utilizing Orthotropic Bridge Decks Performance / Construction / Maintenance or Structural Elements For Heavy Movable Bridge Symposium Nov 2006 Orlando, FL Technical Chair: [email protected] phone (816)-360-2700 fax (816)-360-2777 GATEWAY TO EUROPE BRIDGE, SPAIN Photo Courtesy of HALSSKOV BASCULE BRIDGE DENMARK Photo Courtesy courtesy of IABSE & Dr. Juan José Arenas de Pablo of Mr. Ove Sorensen, PE [email protected], of COWI Consulting [ Figure # 1] Engineers[Figure # 2] Written by: Alfred R. Mangus (Member HMS) of Caltrans (State of California Department of Transportation) –Division of Engineering Services – Office of Structures Contract Management Contact: [email protected] (916)-227-8926 fax (916)-227-0404 Caltrans - Division of Engineering Services – MS#9 – 5/6G ; 1801 30TH Street; Sacramento, CA 95816 WEBSITE: www.dot.ca.gov Abstract: Movable Bridges with Orthotropic steel decks in North America are very rare. This paper will describe more successful bridges built outside of North America. Many in North America feel that orthotropic steel decks are too challenging to design and offer little benefit to the owners of movable bridges. The advantages will be summarized. This is a continuation of the 2000 paper Existing Movable Bridges Utilizing Orthotropic Bridge Decks. Additional bridges from Europe and Asia are selected to demonstrate the complete range of all types such as the double swing bridge; the floating movable bridge; the skewed Bascule Bridge, and the double leaf bascule bridges, such as the Gateway to Europe Bridge in Spain. New ideas collected from www.orthotropic-bridge.org will be discussed. Key issues such as Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • USA, the World Is Watching: Mass Violations by U.S. Police of Black
    USA: THE WORLD IS WATCHING MASS VIOLATIONS BY U.S. POLICE OF BLACK LIVES MATTER PROTESTERS’ RIGHTS Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2020 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: A line of Minnesota State Patrol officers in Minneapolis, Minnesota (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. © Victor J. Blue https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2020 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: AMR 51/2807/2020 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ABREVIATIONS 4 TERMINOLOGY 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS 6 METHODOLOGY 8 POLICE USE OF DEADLY FORCE 9 FAILURE TO TRACK HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE KILLED BY POLICE IN THE USA 12 DISCRIMINATORY POLICING AND THE DISPROPORTIONATE IMPACT
    [Show full text]
  • Pdfblackmillennialmovement V Trump.Pdf
    Case 3:20-cv-01464-YY Document 1 Filed 08/26/20 Page 1 of 61 Per A. Ramfjord, OSB No. 934024 [email protected] Jeremy D. Sacks, OSB No. 994262 [email protected] Crystal S. Chase, OSB No. 093104 [email protected] STOEL RIVES LLP 760 SW Ninth Ave, Suite 3000 Portland, OR 97205 Telephone: (503) 224-3380 Kelly K. Simon, OSB No. 154213 [email protected] ACLU FOUNDATION OF OREGON 506 SW 6th Ave, Suite 700 Portland, OR 97204 Telephone: (503) 227-3986 Attorneys for Plaintiffs Mark Pettibone, Fabiym Acuay (a.k.a. Mac Smiff), Andre Miller, Nichol Denison, Maureen Healy, Christopher David, Duston Obermeyer, James McNulty, Black Millennial Movement, and Rose City Justice, Inc. [Additional counsel for Plaintiffs listed on signature page] UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF OREGON PORTLAND DIVISION MARK PETTIBONE, an individual; Case No.: 3:20-cv-1464 FABIYM ACUAY (a.k.a., MAC SMIFF), an individual; COMPLAINT ANDRE MILLER, an individual; NICHOL DENISON, an individual; (28 U.S.C. § 1332) MAUREEN HEALY, an individual; CHRISTOPHER DAVID, an individual; DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL DUSTON OBERMEYER, an individual; JAMES MCNULTY, an individual; BLACK MILLENNIAL MOVEMENT, an organization; and ROSE CITY JUSTICE, INC., an Oregon nonprofit corporation, Page 1 - COMPLAINT 107810438.1 0099880-01343 Case 3:20-cv-01464-YY Document 1 Filed 08/26/20 Page 2 of 61 Plaintiffs, v. DONALD J. TRUMP, in his official capacity; CHAD F. WOLF, in his individual and official capacity; GABRIEL RUSSELL, in his individual and official capacity; JOHN DOES 1-200, in their individual capacities; UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; and UNITED STATES MARSHALS SERVICE, Defendants.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Studies Review
    esr37-38_cv_esr37-38_cv 7/28/2017 1:37 PM Page 2 COLOR IS FOR APPROXIMATION ONLY – DO NOT USE FOR COLOR APPROVAL Volumes 37 and 38 Volumes National Association For Ethnic Studies Ethnic Studies Review Ethnic Studies Review Pages 1–154 Pages 2014-2015 2014-2015 Volumes 37 and 38 ISSN: 1555-1881 esr37-38_cv_esr37-38_cv 7/28/2017 1:37 PM Page 3 The National Association For Ethnic Studies Ethnic Studies Review (ESR) is the journal of the National Association For Ethnic Studies (NAES). ESR is a multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study of ethnicity, ethnic groups and their cultures, and inter-group relations. NAES has as its basic purpose the promotion of activities and scholarship in the field of Ethnic Studies. The Association is open to any person or institution and serves as a forum for its members in promoting research, study, and curriculum as well as producing publications of interest in the field. NAES sponsors an annual spring Ethnic Studies Review conference. Journal Information Editorial Board Editor Associate Editors Ron Scapp, College of Mount Saint Vincent David Aliano, College of Mount Saint Vincent Guidelines for Submitting Manuscripts Ravi Perry, Virginia Commonwealth University ESR uses a policy of blind peer review. All papers are read by at least two Book Review Editor reviewers who are experts in the area. Manuscripts must not have been Emily M. Drew, Willamette University published previously or be under consideration by other publications. ESR seeks manuscripts of 7500 words or less, inclusive of notes and works cited. Editorial Advisory Board Endnotes rather than footnotes should be utilized, although these should be Edna Acosta-Belen Rosanne Kanhai kept to a minimum.
    [Show full text]
  • Excessive Use of Force by the Police Against Black Americans in the United States
    Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Written Submission in Support of the Thematic Hearing on Excessive Use of Force by the Police against Black Americans in the United States Original Submission: October 23, 2015 Updated: February 12, 2016 156th Ordinary Period of Sessions Written Submission Prepared by Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Global Justice Clinic, New York University School of Law International Human Rights Law Clinic, University of Virginia School of Law Justin Hansford, St. Louis University School of Law Page 1 of 112 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary & Recommendations ................................................................................................................................... 4 I. Pervasive and Disproportionate Police Violence against Black Americans ..................................................................... 21 A. Growing statistical evidence reveals the disproportionate impact of police violence on Black Americans ................. 22 B. Police violence against Black Americans compounds multiple forms of discrimination ............................................ 23 C. The treatment of Black Americans has been repeatedly condemned by international bodies ...................................... 25 D. Police killings are a uniquely urgent problem ............................................................................................................. 25 II. Legal Framework Regulating the Use of Force by Police ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Abolition As the Solution: Redress for Victims of Excessive Police Force
    Fordham Urban Law Journal Volume 48 Number 3 Toward Abolition: Reflections on the Article 4 Carceral State 2021 Abolition as the Solution: Redress for Victims of Excessive Police Force Alexis Hoag Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj Recommended Citation Alexis Hoag, Abolition as the Solution: Redress for Victims of Excessive Police Force, 48 Fordham Urb. L.J. 721 (2021). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj/vol48/iss3/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Urban Law Journal by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABOLITION AS THE SOLUTION: REDRESS FOR VICTIMS OF EXCESSIVE POLICE FORCE Alexis Hoag* Introduction .................................................................................... 721 I. An Attempt at Redress: The Civil Rights Act of 1866 .......... 726 II. Reconstruction Redux: 18 U.S.C. § 242 .................................. 730 III. Abolitionist Framework .......................................................... 735 IV. Abolitionist Solutions .............................................................. 738 A. Reparations ..................................................................... 739 B. Divest and Reinvest ....................................................... 741 Conclusion ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Systemic Racism, Police Brutality of Black People, and the Use of Violence in Quelling Peaceful Protests in America
    SYSTEMIC RACISM, POLICE BRUTALITY OF BLACK PEOPLE, AND THE USE OF VIOLENCE IN QUELLING PEACEFUL PROTESTS IN AMERICA WILLIAMS C. IHEME* “Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.” —Martin Luther King Jr Abstract: The Trump Administration and its mantra to ‘Make America Great Again’ has been calibrated with racism and severe oppression against Black people in America who still bear the deep marks of slavery. After the official abolition of slavery in the second half of the nineteenth century, the initial inability of Black people to own land, coupled with the various Jim Crow laws rendered the acquired freedom nearly insignificant in the face of poverty and hopelessness. Although the age-long struggles for civil rights and equal treatments have caused the acquisition of more black-letter rights, the systemic racism that still perverts the American justice system has largely disabled these rights: the result is that Black people continue to exist at the periphery of American economy and politics. Using a functional approach and other types of approach to legal and sociological reasoning, this article examines the supportive roles of Corporate America, Mainstream Media, and White Supremacists in winnowing the systemic oppression that manifests largely through police brutality. The article argues that some of the sustainable solutions against these injustices must be tackled from the roots and not through window-dressing legislation, which often harbor the narrow interests of Corporate America. Keywords: Black people, racism, oppression, violence, police brutality, prison, bail, mass incarceration, protests. Summary: 1. INTRODUCTION: SLAVE TRADE AS THE ENTRY POINT OF SYSTEMIC RACISM.
    [Show full text]
  • REVISED August 20, 2015 in the UNITED STATES COURT OF
    Case: 13-31078 Document: 00513162268 Page: 1 Date Filed: 08/20/2015 REVISED August 20, 2015 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit No. 13-31078 FILED August 18, 2015 Lyle W. Cayce UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Clerk Plaintiff-Appellant v. KENNETH BOWEN; ROBERT GISEVIUS; ROBERT FAULCON; ANTHONY VALLAVASO; ARTHUR KAUFMAN, Defendants-Appellees Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana Before JONES, CLEMENT, and PRADO, Circuit Judges. EDITH H. JONES, Circuit Judge: In the anarchy following Hurricane Katrina, a group of heavily armed New Orleans police officers were dispatched to the Danziger Bridge in response to an emergency call reporting shots being fired at police. There, amid chaos, they shot and killed two unarmed men, one of them developmentally disabled, and wounded four other unarmed civilians. The police then allegedly orchestrated a cover-up to deny what happened. Some of those involved were tried by the state, but a mistrial was ordered. The federal government took over the prosecution and has also bungled it. Five former officers have been Case: 13-31078 Document: 00513162268 Page: 2 Date Filed: 08/20/2015 No. 13-31078 convicted of serious crimes and received lengthy sentences. Yet they appear in this court as Appellees, and the federal government as the Appellant, because the district court granted a new trial. The reasons for granting a new trial are novel and extraordinary. No less than three high-ranking federal prosecutors are known to have been posting online, anonymous comments to newspaper articles about the case throughout its duration.
    [Show full text]
  • BLACK LIVES MATTER (BLM)Poetry
    BLACK LIVES MATTER (BLM)Poetry: By : Janaya Cooper Dr.Saundra Collins, Independent Studies Advisor, Black Psychology and Black Sociology Research Project for Black Psychology and Black Sociology of Black Lives Matter Dr.Zoe Burkholder, Internship Coordinator, MSU Human Rights Education Internship MSU Human Rights Education Internship, Black Lives Matter Movement December 20,2016 Dear Emmett Till I hear it was the whistling towards a white woman, that got you killed, face beaten in like a castrated mummy. They stopped you because they did not want to take the blame. Oh! how they killed you because they hated themselves, used a lie to send you to your grave in the most horrible way. Blood stains the Coliseum doors. Now history repeats, everyone getting killed like Till. Dead Black bodies dropping down on the streets. Shout all of their names 3 times! They were innocent Black people, but 5-0 thought otherwise. Police took away precious black lives of men, women, and children. I know I’m guilty of it too, but not like them. ​ Stop the killing! Stop the racism! Freeze! Black people are no longer enslaved, We no longer wear those chains just to be painted gold. Now once upon a time not too long ago, A nigga like myself had to strong arm a hoe. Hold your golden-black crown high Black woman Black woman What do you see when you look in the mirror? Do you see the strength and heart of the warrior Afrekete? Is your head held up high, for a crown to rest? And be dubbed black queen, mother of life, educator of black intelligence Do you see your dark skin as it dances and befriends the night, kisses the sun and absorbs black power day in and day out? Do you see those wide hips, big bust, big butt and big lips? Never will you say that those precious gifts from descendant Saartjie Baartman are a curse.
    [Show full text]
  • Murder-Suicide Ruled in Shooting a Homicide-Suicide Label Has Been Pinned on the Deaths Monday Morning of an Estranged St
    -* •* J 112th Year, No: 17 ST. JOHNS, MICHIGAN - THURSDAY, AUGUST 17, 1967 2 SECTIONS - 32 PAGES 15 Cents Murder-suicide ruled in shooting A homicide-suicide label has been pinned on the deaths Monday morning of an estranged St. Johns couple whose divorce Victims had become, final less than an hour before the fatal shooting. The victims of the marital tragedy were: *Mrs Alice Shivley, 25, who was shot through the heart with a 45-caliber pistol bullet. •Russell L. Shivley, 32, who shot himself with the same gun minutes after shooting his wife. He died at Clinton Memorial Hospital about 1 1/2 hqurs after the shooting incident. The scene of the tragedy was Mrsy Shivley's home at 211 E. en name, Alice Hackett. Lincoln Street, at the corner Police reconstructed the of Oakland Street and across events this way. Lincoln from the Federal-Mo­ gul plant. It happened about AFTER LEAVING court in the 11:05 a.m. Monday. divorce hearing Monday morn­ ing, Mrs Shivley —now Alice POLICE OFFICER Lyle Hackett again—was driven home French said Mr Shivley appar­ by her mother, Mrs Ruth Pat­ ently shot himself just as he terson of 1013 1/2 S. Church (French) arrived at the home Street, Police said Mrs Shlv1 in answer to a call about a ley wanted to pick up some shooting phoned in fromtheFed- papers at her Lincoln Street eral-Mogul plant. He found Mr home. Shivley seriously wounded and She got out of the car and lying on the floor of a garage went in the front door* Mrs MRS ALICE SHIVLEY adjacent to -• the i house on the Patterson got out of-'the car east side.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Lives Matter: Eliminating Racial Inequity in the Criminal Justice
    BLACK LIVES MATTER: ELIMINATING RACIAL INEQUITY IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM For more information, contact: This report was written by Nazgol Ghandnoosh, Ph.D., Research Analyst at The Sentencing Project. The report draws on a 2014 publication The Sentencing Project of The Sentencing Project, Incorporating Racial Equity into Criminal 1705 DeSales Street NW Justice Reform. 8th Floor Washington, D.C. 20036 Cover photo by Brendan Smialowski of Getty Images showing Congressional staff during a walkout at the Capitol in December 2014. (202) 628-0871 The Sentencing Project is a national non-profit organization engaged sentencingproject.org in research and advocacy on criminal justice issues. Our work is twitter.com/sentencingproj supported by many individual donors and contributions from the facebook.com/thesentencingproject following: Atlantic Philanthropies Morton K. and Jane Blaustein Foundation craigslist Charitable Fund Ford Foundation Bernard F. and Alva B. Gimbel Foundation General Board of Global Ministries of the United Methodist Church JK Irwin Foundation Open Society Foundations Overbrook Foundation Public Welfare Foundation Rail Down Charitable Trust David Rockefeller Fund Elizabeth B. and Arthur E. Roswell Foundation Tikva Grassroots Empowerment Fund of Tides Foundation Wallace Global Fund Working Assets/CREDO Copyright © 2015 by The Sentencing Project. Reproduction of this document in full or in part, and in print or electronic format, only by permission of The Sentencing Project. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 I. Uneven Policing in Ferguson and New York City 6 II. A Cascade of Racial Disparities Throughout the Criminal Justice System 10 III. Causes of Disparities 13 A. Differential crime rates 13 B. Four key sources of unwarranted racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes 15 IV.
    [Show full text]
  • How a New Wave of Black Activists Changed the Conversation George Floyd’S Killing Galvanized a Nation
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How a New Wave of Black Activists Changed the Conversation George Floyd’s killing galvanized a nation. But small groups like the queer-led collective Black Visions are channeling that energy into a movement for political change. The group Black Visions, which is based in Minneapolis and has been integral to the protest movement that erupted following the killing of George Floyd. The group’s founders include, from left: Kandace Montgomery, Miski Noor and Oluchi Omeoga. By Jenna Wortham Aug. 25, 2020 On a windswept early June day in Minneapolis, roughly a thousand people gathered under sprawling trees in Powderhorn Park for a rally called the Path Forward. The park’s concrete stage was decorated with silver streamers that sparkled in the breeze and bold white block letters that spelled out “Defund Police.” After a prayer by Thorne and Wakinyan LaPointe, brothers from the American Indian community, Kandace Montgomery, a director of a local organizing group called Black Visions, took the stage. 2 She reminded the crowd to maintain social distancing and wished Prince — whose former home, Paisley Park, was just a 30-minute drive away — and his “queer, nonbinary, everything and all the things self” a posthumous happy birthday. The atmosphere was still raw. Just 13 days had passed since George Floyd had died, igniting one of the largest collective demonstrations of civil unrest over the violence perpetrated against Black people in this country. Calls led by young Black activists to defund and abolish the police rippled outward from Minneapolis and around the world. Black Visions was established three years ago as a political and community base for Black people in Minneapolis.
    [Show full text]