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Page 1 the GENUS CONOPHYTUM a Conograph Steven A. Hammer THE GENUS NOPHYTUM A Conograph Steven A. Hammer SUCCULENT PLANT PUBLICATIONS PRETORIA 1993 Conophytum bolusiae Schwantes 72 Contents subsp. bolusiae 72 subsp. primavernum S.A.Hammer 73 Preface and Acknowledgements 10 Conophytum ernstii S.A.Hammer 74 Introduction 12 subsp. ernstii 74 Taxonomic Considerations 12 subsp. cerebellum S.A.Hammer 75 Morphological Considerations 16 Principles of Reduction 25 Conophytum flavum N.E.Br 75 Shifting Characters 26 subsp. flavum 76 Conophytums in Habitat 27 subsp. novicium (N.E.Br.) S.A.Hammer 77 Humans and Conophytums 31 Conophytum fraternum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br 77 Detective Work 42 Unorthodoxy 43 Conophytum globosum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br 78 Measuring Lilliput 44 Conophytum gratum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br 79 Map of the north-western Cape 45 subsp. gratum 79 subsp. marlothii (N.E.Br.) S.A.Hammer 80 Map of the southern Cape 46 Conophytum minutum (Haw.) N.E.Br 81 Subgenus DERENBERGIA Schwantes Diurnal var. minutum 81 flowers 47 var. nudum (Tischer) Boom 82 var. pearsonii (N.E.Br.) Boom 83 Section 1 : BILOBA N.E.Br 48 Conophytum obscurum N.E.Br 84 Conophytum bilobum (Marloth) N.E.Br 49 subsp. obscurum 84 subsp. bilobum 49 subsp. vitreopapillum (Rawe) S.A.Hammer 85 subsp. altum (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer 50 subsp. gracilistylum (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer 51 Conophytum ricardianum Losch & Tischer 86 subsp. ricardianum 86 Conophytum chauviniae (Schwantes) subsp. rubriflorum Tischer 87 S.A.Hammer 52 Conophytum schlechteri Schwantes 88 Conophytum frutescens Schwantes 53 Conophytum taylorianum (Dinter & Schwantes) Conophytum meyeri N.E.Br 54 N.E.Br 89 Conophytum velutinum Schwantes 55 subsp. taylorianum 89 subsp. velutinum 55 subsp. ernianum (Losch & Tischer) De Boer ex subsp. polyandrum (Lavis) S.A.Hammer 56 S.A.Hammer 91 subsp. rosynense S.A.Hammer 92 Section 2 : HERREANTHUS (Schwantes) Conophytum wettsteinii (Berger) N.E.Br 93 S.A.Hammer 58 subsp. wettsteinii 94 Conophytum blandum L.Bolus 59 subsp. fragile (Tischer) S.A.Hammer 94 subsp. francoiseae S.A.Hammer 95 Conophytum herreanthus S.A.Hammer 60 subsp. ruschii (Schwantes) S.A. Hammer 96 subsp. herreanthus 60 subsp. rex S.A.Hammer 61 Section 4 : MINUSCULA (Schwantes) Tischer ex Conophytum marginatum Lavis 62 S.A.Hammer 98 var. marginatum 62 var. karamoepense (L.Bolus) Rawe 63 Conophytum albiflorum (Rawe) S.A.Hammer 99 var. littlewoodii (L.Bolus) Rawe 64 Conophytum auriflorum Tischer 100 Conophytum regale Lavis 65 subsp. auriflorum 100 subsp. turbiniforme (Rawe) S.A.Hammer 101 Conophytum semivestitum L.Bolus 66 Conophytum bicarinatum L.Bolus 101 Section 3 : WETTSTEINIA (Schwantes) Tischer ex Conophytum ectypum N.E.Br 102 S.A.Hammer 70 subsp. ectypum 102 Conophytum bachelorum S.A.Hammer 71 subsp. ectypm var. brownii (Tischer) Tischer 103 subsp. cruciatum S.A.Hammer 105 subsp. boreale (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer 136 subsp. sulcatum (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer 105 subsp. koubergense (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer 137 Conophytum luckhoffii Lavis 106 Conophytum pellucidum Schwantes 138 subsp. pellucidum 138 Conophytum minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br 107 subsp. cupreatum (Tischer) S.A.Hammer 140 subsp. minusculum 107 subsp. cupreatum var. terrestre (Tischer) subsp. leipoldtii (N.E.Br.) S.A.Hammer 108 S.A.Hammer 141 Conophytum rubrolineatum Rawe 109 subsp. pellucidum var. lilianum (Littlewood) S.A.Hammer 142 Conophytum swanepoelianum Rawe 110 subsp. pellucidum var. neohallii subsp. swanepoelianum 110 S.A.Hammer 143 subsp. proliferans S.A.Hammer Ill Conophytum tantillum N.E.Br Ill Section 8 : OPHTHALMOPHYLLUM (Dinter & subsp. tantillum Ill Schwantes) Tischer 145 subsp. helenae (Rawe) S.A.Hammer 112 subsp. inexpectatum S.A.Hammer 113 Conophytum caroli Lavis 146 subsp. lindenianum (Lavis & S.A.Hammer) Conophytum devium Rowley 147 S.A.Hammer 114 Conophytum friedrichiae (Dinter) Schwantes 148 Conophytum turrigerum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br li5 Conophytum limpidum S.A.Hammer 149 Conophytum violaciflorum Schick & Tischer 116 Conophytum longum N.E.Br 150 Section 5 : VERRUCOSA Schwantes ex Conophytum lydiae (Jacobsen) Rowley 151 S.A.Hammer 118 Conophytum praesectum N.E.Br 152 Conophytum fulleri L.Bolus 119 Conophytum pubescens (Tischer) Rowley 153 Conophytum smorenskaduense De Boer 120 Conophytum verrucosum (Lavis) Rowley 154 subsp. smorenskaduense 120 subsp. hermarium S.A.Hammer 121 Section 9 : SUBFENESTRATA Tischer ex Conophytum vanheerdei Tischer 122 S.A.Hammer 156 Conophytum achabense S.A.Hammer 157 Section 6 : CYLINDRATA Schwantes ex Conophytum burgeri L.Bolus 158 S.A.Hammer 124 Conophytum concavum L.Bolus 159 Conophytum cylindratum Schwantes 125 Conophytum ratum S.A.Hammer 160 Conophytum khamiesbergense (L.Bolus) Schwantes 125 Conophytum subfenestratum Schwantes 162 Conophytum reconditum A.R.Mitchell 127 Subgenus CONOPHYTUM N.E.Br. Nocturnal subsp. reconditum 127 flowers 163 subsp. buysianum (A.R.Mitchell & S.A.Hammer) S.A.Hammer 128 Section 10 : CHESHIRE-FELES Conophytum roodiae N.E.Br 129 S.A.Hammer 164 Conophytum rugosum S.A.Hammer 130 Conophytum acutum L.Bolus 165 subsp. rugosum 130 Conophytum maughanii N.E.Br 166 subsp. sanguineum S.A.Hammer 131 subsp. maughanii 166 subsp. armeniacum S.A.Hammer 167 Section 7 : PELLUCIDA (Schwantes) Tischer ex subsp. latum (Tischer) S.A.Hammer 168 S.A.Hammer 133 Conophytum lithopsoides L.Bolus 134 Section 11 : CATAPHRACTA Schwantes ex subsp. lithopsoides 134 S.A.Hammer 170 subsp. arturolfago S.A.Hammer 135 Conophytum breve N.E.Br 171 Conophytum calculus (A.Berger) N.E.Br 171 Conophytum minimum (Haw.) N.E.Br 203 subsp. calculus 171 Conophytum obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br 204 subsp. vanzylii (Lavis) S.A.Hammer 173 subsp. obcordellum 204 Conophytum pageae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br 174 subsp. obcordellum var. ceresianum (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer 206 Conophytum stevens-jonesianum L.Bolus 175 subsp. rolfii (De Boer) S.A.Hammer 207 subsp. stenandrum (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer 208 Section 12 : SAXETANA (Schwantes) • Conophytum piluliforme (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br 209 S.A.Hammer 177 subsp. piluliforme 209 Conophytum carpianum L.Bolus 178 subsp. edwardii (Schwantes) S.A.Hammer 210 . Conophytum halenbergense (Dinter & Schwantes) Conophytum truncatum (Thunberg) N.E.Br 211 N.E.Br 179 subsp. truncatum 211 Conophytum hians N.E.Br 180 subsp. truncatum var. wiggettiae (N.E.Br.) Rawe 212 subsp. viridicatum (N.E.Br.) S.A.Hammer 214 Conophytum klinghardtense Rawe 181 Conophytum uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br 215 subsp. klinghardtense 181 subsp. baradii (Rawe) S.A.Hammer 181 subsp. uviforme 215 subsp. decoratum (N.E.Br.) S.A.Hammer 216 Conophytum loeschianum Tischer 182 subsp. rauhii (Tischer) S.A.Hammer 217 subsp. subincanum (Tischer) S.A.Hammer 218 Conophytum quaesitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br 183 subsp. quaesitum 184 subsp. quaesitum var. rostratum (Tischer) Distribution maps S.A. Hammer 185 Section 1 : Biloba 220 subsp. densipunctatum (L. Bolus) Section 2 : Herreanthus 220 S.A.Hammer 186 Section 3 : Wettsteinia 221 Conophytum saxetanum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br 186 Section 4 : Minuscula 222 Section 5 : Verrucosa 222 Section 13 : COSTAT A Schwantes ex Section 6 : Cylindrata 223 S.A.Hammer 188 Section 7 : Pellucida 223 Conophytum angelicae (Dinter & Schwantes) Section 8 : Ophthalmophyllum 224 N.E.Br 189 Section 9 : Subfenestrata 224 subsp. angelicae 189 subsp. tetragonum Rawe & S.A.Hammer 190 Section 10 : Cheshire-feles 225 Section 11 : Cataphracta 225 Conophytum armianum S.A.Hammer__. 191 Section 12 : Saxetana 226 Section 13 : Costata 226 Section 14 : BARBATA Schwantes ex Section 14 : Barbata 226 S.A.Hammer 192 Section 15 : Conophytum 227 Conophytum depressum Lavis 193 Conophytum phoeniceum S.A.Hammer 194 Appendix 1 : Ambiguities 228 Conophytum pubicalyx Lavis 195 Appendix 2 : Taxonomic index 230 Conophytum stephanii Schwantes 196 Appendix 3 : Accepted Species and their subsp. stephanii 196 synonymies 268 subsp. abductum S.A.Hammer 197 Appendix 4 : Chromosome Counts 275 Section 15 : CONOPHYTUM N.E.Br 199 Bibliography 277 Conophytum comptonii N.E.Br. 200 Conophytum ficiforme (Haw.) N.E.Br 200 Afterword 279 Conophytum joubertii Lavis 202 Index 280 .
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