Netopia™ R3100 ISDN Routers
User’s Reference Guide
Copyright Copyright 1997 - 98, Netopia, Inc. v.0300 All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. This manual and any associated artwork, software and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc. Under the law, copying includes translation to another language or format. Netopia, Inc. 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda, CA 94501-1010 U.S.A.
Part Number For additional copies of this electronic manual, order Netopia part number 6120343-PF-04
Printed copies For printed copies of this manual, order Netopia part number TER3100/Doc (P/N 6120343-00-04)
Contents
Welcome to the Netopia R3100 User’s Reference Guide. This guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen. You can keep this document open while you perform any of the procedures described, and find useful information about the procedure you are performing. This Table of Contents page you are viewing consists of hypertext links to the chapters and headings listed. If you are viewing this on-line, just click any link below to go to that heading.
Configuration options for your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router ...... 1 1. Small Office connection to the Internet...... 2 2. Small Office connection to the Internet...... 3 3. Direct Connection to a Corporate Office (Telecommuter) .. 4 4. Configured to accept incoming dial-up connections...... 5 G B 5. Configured for IDSL...... 6
Part I: Getting Started
Chapter 1 — Introduction...... 1-1 Overview ...... 1-1 Features and capabilities ...... 1-1 How to use this guide ...... 1-2
Chapter 2 — Making the Physical Connections...... 2-1 Find a location...... 2-1 What you need ...... 2-1 Identify the connectors and attach the cables ...... 2-2 Netopia R3100 ISDN Router Back Panel Ports...... 2-3 Netopia R3100 ISDN Router Status Lights...... 2-6
Chapter 3 — Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-1 Before running SmartStart ...... 3-2 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard...... 3-3 SmartStart Wizard configuration screens ...... 3-3 Easy option...... 3-4 Advanced option ...... 3-9 Sharing the Connection ...... 3-10
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Configuring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers ...... 3-10 Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers ...... 3-14
Chapter 4 — Connecting Your Local Area Network ...... 4-1 Overview ...... 4-1 Readying computers on your local network...... 4-2 Connecting to an Ethernet network...... 4-3 10Base-T...... 4-3 Remote console ...... 4-5 Connecting to a LocalTalk network ...... 4-6 Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling...... 4-7
Chapter 5 — SmartView ...... 5-1 SmartView overview ...... 5-1 Navigating SmartView...... 5-2 General Machine information page...... 5-2 Connection Profiles page...... 5-3 Event history pages ...... 5-3 Standard HTML web-based monitoring pages...... 5-5
Chapter 6 — Console-based Management...... 6-1 About Console-based Management ...... 6-1 Connecting through a Telnet session...... 6-2 Configuring Telnet software ...... 6-3 Connecting a local terminal console cable to your router... 6-3 Navigating through the console screens ...... 6-5
Chapter 7 — Easy Setup ...... 7-1 Easy Setup console screens...... 7-1 How to access the Easy Setup console screens ..... 7-1 Beginning Easy Setup...... 7-3 ISDN Easy Setup...... 7-3 IDSL Easy Setup ...... 7-6 Easy Setup Profile ...... 7-7
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IP Easy Setup ...... 7-9 Easy Setup Security...... 7-10 Configuring Frame Relay ...... 7-11 Easy Setup Frame Relay screens...... 7-12 WAN Configuration Frame Relay screens ...... 7-13 Frame Relay configuration...... 7-14 Frame Relay DLCI configuration ...... 7-16
Part II: Advanced Configuration G Chapter 8 — WAN and System Configuration ...... 8-1 Creating a new Connection Profile ...... 8-1 The Default Profile ...... 8-6 How the default profile works ...... 8-6 Customizing the Default Profile...... 8-7 IP parameters (default profile) screen ...... 8-8 IPX parameters (default profile) screen ...... 8-10 Auxiliary Port Configuration...... 8-10 System Configuration screens ...... 8-11 System Configuration features ...... 8-12 Network Protocols Setup...... 8-14 Filter Sets (Firewalls) ...... 8-14 IP Address Serving...... 8-14 Date and Time ...... 8-14 Console Configuration...... 8-16 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)..... 8-16 Security...... 8-16 Upgrade Feature Set ...... 8-16 Telephone setup ...... 8-17 Logging ...... 8-17
Chapter 9 — Using SmartPhone for Telephone Services ...... 9-1 Specifying telephone connections ...... 9-1 Defining priority ringing...... 9-4
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Advanced calling features...... 9-5 Line provisioning ...... 9-5 Configuring supplementary services ...... 9-6
Chapter 10 — Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile ...... 10-1 Cost control feature -- call accounting...... 10-1 Viewing call accounting statistics ...... 10-2 Scheduled connections ...... 10-4 Viewing scheduled connections ...... 10-5 Adding a scheduled connection ...... 10-6 Set Weekly Schedule...... 10-7 Set Once-Only Schedule...... 10-8 Modifying a scheduled connection ...... 10-9 Deleting a scheduled connection...... 10-9 Default Answer Profile ...... 10-9 How the Default Answer Profile works ...... 10-9
Chapter 11 — IP Setup and Network Address Translation ...... 11-1 Network Address Translation features ...... 11-1 Using Network Address Translation ...... 11-3 Associating port numbers to nodes ...... 11-5 Using multiple Connection Profiles...... 11-5 Network Address Translation guidelines ...... 11-5 IP setup ...... 11-6 IP subnets ...... 11-10 Static routes...... 11-12 IP address serving...... 11-16 DHCP NetBIOS Options...... 11-18 MacIP (Kip Forwarding) Options...... 11-19
Chapter 12 — IPX Setup...... 12-1 IPX Features...... 12-1 IPX Definitions ...... 12-1 Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) ...... 12-1
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IPX address ...... 12-2 Socket ...... 12-2 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) ...... 12-2 Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)...... 12-2 NetBIOS ...... 12-3 IPX Spoofing ...... 12-3 IPX setup...... 12-3 IPX routing tables ...... 12-5
Chapter 13 — AppleTalk Setup...... 13-1 G Installing AppleTalk ...... 13-1 AppleTalk networks ...... 13-2 AppleTalk protocol ...... 13-2 MacIP...... 13-4 AURP...... 13-4 Routers and seeding ...... 13-5 Configuring AppleTalk ...... 13-6 EtherTalk Setup...... 13-7 LocalTalk Setup ...... 13-8 AURP setup ...... 13-9
Chapter 14 — Monitoring Tools...... 14-1 Quick View status overview ...... 14-1 General status ...... 14-2 Current status ...... 14-3 Status lights ...... 14-3 Statistics & Logs ...... 14-4 General Statistics ...... 14-4 Event histories ...... 14-5 Routing tables ...... 14-7 Served IP Addresses...... 14-10 System Information...... 14-12 SNMP ...... 14-12 The SNMP Setup screen...... 14-13
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SNMP traps ...... 14-14
Chapter 15 — Security ...... 15-1 Suggested security measures...... 15-1 User accounts ...... 15-2 Dial-in Console Access ...... 15-3 Enable SmartStart/SmartView/Web Server...... 15-4 Telnet access ...... 15-4 About filters and filter sets ...... 15-4 What’s a filter and what’s a filter set?...... 15-4 How filter sets work...... 15-5 How individual filters work...... 15-7 Design guidelines...... 15-11 Working with IP filters and filter sets...... 15-12 Adding a filter set...... 15-13 Viewing filter sets...... 15-17 Modifying filter sets...... 15-18 Deleting a filter set...... 15-18 A sample IP filter set ...... 15-18 IPX filters ...... 15-22 IPX packet filters ...... 15-23 IPX packet filter sets ...... 15-24 IPX SAP filters ...... 15-26 IPX SAP filter sets ...... 15-28 Firewall tutorial ...... 15-30 General Firewall Terms ...... 15-30 Basic IP Packet Components...... 15-30 Basic Protocol Types ...... 15-30 Firewall design rules...... 15-31 Filter Basics...... 15-33 Example Filters ...... 15-34 Token Security Authentication ...... 15-37 Securing network environments...... 15-37
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Using the SecurID token card...... 15-37 Security authentication components ...... 15-38 Configuring for security authentication ...... 15-38 Connecting using security authentication ...... 15-39
Chapter 16 — Utilities and Diagnostics ...... 16-1 Ping...... 16-2 Telnet client...... 16-4 Trace Route...... 16-5 Secure Authentication Monitor...... 16-6 G Disconnect Telnet Console Session...... 16-7 Factory defaults...... 16-7 Transferring configuration and firmware files with TFTP.... 16-7 Updating firmware ...... 16-8 Downloading configuration files ...... 16-9 Uploading configuration files ...... 16-9 Transferring configuration and firmware files with XMODEM...... 16-10 Updating firmware ...... 16-10 Downloading configuration files ...... 16-11 Uploading configuration files ...... 16-12 Restarting the system...... 16-12 ISDN Switch Loopback Test ...... 16-13
Part III: Appendixes Appendix A — Troubleshooting...... A-1 Configuration problems ...... A-1 SmartStart Troubleshooting...... A-2 Console connection problems ...... A-2 Network problems ...... A-2 Power outages...... A-3 Technical support ...... A-3 How to get support ...... A-3
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Appendix B — Setting Up Telco Services ...... B-1 Obtaining an ISDN line ...... B-1 Finding an ISDN service provider ...... B-1 Choosing an ISDN line...... B-1 Ordering an ISDN line ...... B-1 Completing the ISDN worksheet...... B-5 Appendix C — North American Telco Provisioning for ISDN...... C-1 Appendix D — Setting Up Internet Services ...... D-1 Finding an Internet service provider...... D-1 Unique requirements ...... D-1 Pricing and support ...... D-2 ISP’s Point of presence ...... D-2 Endorsements ...... D-2 Deciding on an ISP account ...... D-2 Setting up a Netopia R3100 account ...... D-2 Obtaining an IP host address ...... D-2 SmartIP™...... D-2 Obtaining information from the ISP...... D-3 Local LAN IP address information to obtain ...... D-3 Appendix E — Understanding IP Addressing...... E-1 What is IP?...... E-1 About IP addressing ...... E-1 Subnets and subnet masks ...... E-2 Example: Using subnets on a Class C IP internet.... E-3 Example: Working with a Class C subnet...... E-5 Distributing IP addresses ...... E-5 Technical note on subnet masking...... E-6 Configuration ...... E-7 Manually distributing IP addresses ...... E-8 Using address serving...... E-8 Tips and rules for distributing IP addresses...... E-8
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Nested IP subnets ...... E-10 Broadcasts...... E-12 Packet header types...... E-12 Appendix F — Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior...... F-1 Network Configuration ...... F-1 Background...... F-1 Exported services ...... F-5 Important notes ...... F-6 Configuration...... F-6 G Summary ...... F-8 Appendix G — Understanding Frame Relay ...... G-1 Virtual Circuits...... G-1 Committed Information Rate (CIR) ...... G-2 Committed Burst Size (Bc) ...... G-2 Excess Burst Size (Be)...... G-2 Addressing ...... G-3 Local and Global DLCIs...... G-3 Local Management Interface (LMI) ...... G-3 Encapsulation and Fragmentation ...... G-4 Network Protocol Addressing and Virtual Interfaces...... G-4 Frame Relay partial mesh support ...... G-4 Appendix H — Event Histories...... H-1 Leased line events...... H-1 ISDN events ...... H-1 ISDN event cause codes...... H-2 Appendix I — ISDN Configuration Guide...... I-1 Definitions...... I-1 About SPIDs ...... I-1 Example SPIDs ...... I-2 Dynamic B-channel usage...... I-2 Other incoming call restrictions ...... I-3
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Appendix J — Binary Conversion Table...... J-1 Appendix K — Further Reading...... K-1 Appendix L — Technical Specifications and Safety Information ... L-1 Pinouts for Auxiliary Port Modem Cable ...... L-1 Description...... L-3 Power requirements ...... L-3 Environment ...... L-3 Software and protocols...... L-3 Agency approvals...... L-4 Regulatory notices ...... L-4 Important safety instructions ...... L-6
Glossary...... GL-1
Index ...... IX-1
Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies ...... Warranty-1
Configuration options for your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router can be used in different ways depending on your needs. In general, you will probably want to use it in one or more of the following ways: (Click on one of these links) “1. Small Office connection to the Internet” with several computers in your office sharing a single IP address (Network Address Translation enabled) “2. Small Office connection to the Internet” with a block of IP addresses (Network Address Translation disabled), “3. Direct Connection to a Corporate Office (Telecommuter)” “4. Configured to accept incoming dial-up connections” “5. Configured for IDSL” This section is intended to give you a path to the appropriate installation and configuration instructions based on your intended use for the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router.
1. Small Office connection to the Internet For Small Office connections to the Internet, using a single dynamic IP address with Network Address Translation (NAT) enabled, you should use the following configuration option: the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. This is the fastest and simplest way to get you up and running with the minimum difficulty. For instructions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3-3.
2. Small Office connection to the Internet For Small Office connections to the Internet, using a block of IP addresses (Network Address Translation disabled), you use both of the following configuration tools: the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. This is the fastest and simplest way to get you up and running with the minimum difficulty. For instructions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3-3. manual configuration using console-based management. This option allows maximum flexibility for experienced users and administrators. For instructions on this option, see “Console-based Management” on page 6-1.
3. Direct Connection to a Corporate Office (Telecommuter) For direct connections to a Corporate Office, you can use either one of two configuration options: the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. For instructions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3-3. manual configuration using console-based management. This option allows maximum flexibility for experienced users and administrators. For instructions on this option, see “Console-based Management” on page 6-1.
4. Configured to accept incoming dial-up connections To configure the Netopia R3100 to accept incoming dial-up connections, you should use the following configuration option: use the SmartStart™ Wizard, to configure your outbound connection to an ISP. For instructions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3-3. manual configuration using console-based management. You will go to WAN configuration and add one or more dial-in Connection Profiles. For instructions on this option, see “Creating a new Connection Profile” on page 8-1.
5. Configured for IDSL If you have the Netopia R3100-I IDSL model you can use either one of two configuration options: the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. For instructions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3-3. However, you may wish to skip directly to manual configuration using console-based management. This option allows maximum flexibility for experienced users and administrators, yet is very simple for the IDSL WAN interface. For instructions on this option, see “IDSL Easy Setup” on page 7-6.
Part III: Gettiiing Started
User’s Reference Guide
Introduction 1-1 Chapter 1
IIIntroductiiion
Overview The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router is a full-featured, stand-alone, multiprotocol router for connecting diverse local area networks (LANs) to the Internet and other remote networks. The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router uses a high performance telecommunications line to provide your whole network with a high-speed connection to the outside world. This section covers the following topics: “Features and capabilities” on page 1-1