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Fire Ecology of Forests and Woodlands in Utah

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Fire Ecology of Forests and Woodlands in Utah United States Department of Agriculture Fire Ecology of Forests Forest Service Intermountain and Woodlands in Utah Research Station General Technical Report INT-287 Anne F. Bradley Nonan V. Noste June 1992 William C. Fischer THE AUTHORS CONTENTS Paae d . ANNE F. BRADLEY is currently a planninglappeals Introduction ................................................................ 1 specialist for the Fisheries and Wildlife Management Format .....................................................................1 Staff of the Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region Nomenclature .........................................................6 in San Francisco. CA . Her involvement with this report Relationships of Major Tree Species to Fire ..............6 occurred while assigned as an ecologist in the Fire Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) ................... 6 Effects: Prescribed Fire and Wildfire research work Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) ........................7 unit at the lntermountain Research Station. Intermoun- Douglas-f ir ( Pseudotsuga menziesir) ......................7 tain Fire Sciences Laboratory. Missoula. MT . Anne Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannil) ................. 8 earned a B.A. degree in biology from Colorado College Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) .............................8 and an M.A. degree in botany from the University of Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa) ............................. 8 Montana . Early work assignments included that of a White Fir (Abies concolor) .......................................9 naturalist for the National Park Service. and as a Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) .................................9 biological technician and later as a botanist for the Western Bristlecone (Pinus longaeva) ....................9 lntermountain Station . Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) ....................................10 NONAN V . NOSTE (retired) was a forester. Inter- Gambel Oak (Quercus gambelil) ..........................10 mountain Research Station. lntermountain Fire Pinyon (Pinus edulis) and Singleleaf Pinyon Sciences Laboratory. Missoula. MT . During his Forest ( Pinus monophylla) ............................................1 0 Service career. Nonan was involved in fire control Utah Juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) .................11 research in Alaska; silviculture research in Wisconsin. Rocky Mountain Juniper and fire technology and fire effects and use research (Juniperus scopulorum) .....................................11 in Missoula . He earned B.S. and M.F. degrees in Undergrowth Response to Fire ................................11 forestry from the University of Montana . Wildlife Response to Fire .........................................18 Fire Use Considerations ...........................................30 WILLIAM C FISCHER is a research forester and . Fuels ..................................................................... 30 team leader for the Fire Effects work unit at the Predicting Fire Mortality ........................................32 lntermountain Research Station. lntermountain Fire Crown Damage and Insect Attack ........................34 Sciences Laboratory. Missoula. MT . He is a graduate Frequency of Burning ...........................................34 of Paul Smith's College and the University of Michigan Large Woody Debris .............................................34 (B.S., B.S.F. 1956). Prior to joining the staff at the Fire Heat Effects on Soil ..............................................35 Sciences Laboratory. he was employed in a variety of Prescribed Fire Planning .......................................35 fire and resource management assignments with the Fire Group Zero: Miscellaneous Special Habitats ....35 Boise National Forest in Idaho . Scree ..................................................................... 35 Forested Rock .......................................................35 RESEARCH SUMMARY Wet Meadow .........................................................35 This report summarizes available information on fire Mountain Grassland ..............................................36 as an ecological factor for forest habitat types and the Deciduous Riparian Communities .........................36 unclassified pinyon-juniper and oak-maple woodlands Fire Group One: Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands ...........36 occurring in Utah . Habitat types and the unclassified Vegetation .............................................................36 vegetative communities are assigned to Fire Groups Forest Fuels ..........................................................37 based on fire's potential role in forest succession . Role of Fire ...........................................................38 For each Fire Group. the authors discuss (1) the Woodland Succession ..........................................39 relationships of major tree species to fire. (2)forest Fire Management Considerations .........................41 fuels. (3) the natural role of fire. (4)fire's hypothetical Fire Group Two: Montane Maple-Oak Woodlands ...41 role in forest succession. and (5) fire management Vegetation ............................................................. 41 considerations . Fuels ..................................................................... 42 lntermountain Research Station 324 25th Street Ogden. UT 84401 Page Page Role of Fire ...........................................................43 Fire Group Eight: Habitat Types with Brushland Succession ......................................... 44 Persistent Lodgepole Pine ..................................... 79 Fire Management Considerations .........................44 Habitat Types. Phases ..........................................79 Fire Group Three: Ponderosa Pine Habitat Types ...45 Vegetation .............................................................79 Habitat Type. Phase .............................................45 Forest Fuels ........................................................79 Vegetation .............................................................46 Role of Fire ..........................................................82 Forest Fuels .......................................................... 47 Forest Succession ................................................85 Role of Fire ...........................................................48 Fire Management Considerations .........................87 Forest Succession ................................................49 Fire Group Nine: Climax Stands Dominated by Fire Management Considerations .........................52 Limber Pine or Western Bristlecone .......................89 Fire Group Four: Drier Douglas-fir Habitat Types ....54 Habitat Types. Phases ..........................................89 Habitat Types. Phases ..........................................54 Vegetation ..........................................................89 Vegetation ..........................................................54 Forest Fuels ........................................................ 90 Forest Fuels ..........................................................54 Role of Fire ...........................................................90 Role of Fire ......................................................... 55 Forest Succession ................................................91 Forest Succession ................................................56 Fire Management Considerations .........................91 Fire Management Considerations .........................58 Fire Group Ten: Dry. Lower Subalpine Fire Group Five: Cool or Moist Douglas-fir Habitat Types .........................................................92 Habitat Types ......................................................... 59 Habitat Types. Phases ..........................................92 Habitat Types, Phases ..........................................59 Vegetation .............................................................93 Vegetation .............................................................59 Forest Fuels ........ ;................................................ 93 Forest Fuels ......................................................59 Role of Fire ........................................................... 94 Role of Fire ...........................................................59 Forest Succession ................................................94 Forest Succession ..............................................61 Fire Management Considerations .........................99 Fire Management Considerations .........................64 Fire Group Eleven: Moist to Wet Subalpine Fire Group Six: White Fir and Blue Spruce Habitat Types .........................................................99 Habitat Types (Mixed Conifer Types) .....................64 Habitat or Community Types ................................99 Habitat Types, Phases ..........................................64 Vegetation ............................................................-99 Vegetation ..................................... Forest Fuels .......................................................100 . Forest Fuels .................................... Role of Fire ......................................................... 100 Role of Fire ..................................... Forest Succession ............................................101 Forest Succession .......................... Fire Management Considerations ....................... 101 Fire Management Considerations ... Fire Group Twelve: Cold, Upper Subalpine Fire Group
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