On Dördüncü Askeri Tarih Sempozyumu Bildirileri II

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On Dördüncü Askeri Tarih Sempozyumu Bildirileri II T.C. GENELKURMAY BAŞKANLIĞI ANKARA ON DÖRDÜNCÜ ASKERÎ TARİH KONGRESİ BİLDİRİLERİ - II XIVth CONGRESS OF MILITARY HISTORY PAPERS - II XIV. YÜZYILDAN GÜNÜMÜZE BALKANLAR VE BALKAN TARİHİ THE BALKANS AND THE HISTORY OF THE BALKANS FROM THE XIVth CENTURY TO THE PRESENT (03 - 07 ARALIK 2012 - İSTANBUL) (İSTANBUL, DECEMBER 03 - 07, 2012) Genelkurmay Personel Başkanlığı Askerî Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt (ATASE) Daire Başkanlığı Yayınları ANKARA GENELKURMAY BASIMEVİ 2014 ISBN: 978-975-409-685-9 KKSN: 7610KK0459168 YAYIN KURULU BAŞKANI Tuğg.Necdet TUNA YAYIN KURULU Yrd.Doç.Dr.Öğ.Alb.Levent KUŞOĞLU Hv.Uçk.Bkm.Yb. Ali CEM Hv.Svn.Yb. Emin KURT Tar.Uzm. Filiz ÖGER BİLDİRİ İNCELEME KURULU Prof.Dr. Temuçin Faik ERTAN Doç.Dr. Selda Kaya KILIÇ Prof.Dr. İhsan GÜNEŞ Yrd.Doç.Dr. Ahmet Emin YAMAN Prof.Dr. Saadettin GÖMEÇ Yrd.Doç.Dr.Öğ. Alb.Levent KUŞOĞLU Prof.Dr. Esat ARSLAN Dr.Öğ.Alb. Suat AKGÜL Prof.Dr. Hamiyet Sezer FEYZİOĞLU Dr.Hv.Öğ.Alb. F. Rezzan ÜNALP Prof.Dr. Yusuf SARINAY Dr.Öğ.Bnb. Hüsnü ÖZLÜ Prof.Dr. Neşe ÖZDEN DÜZELTİ / SAYFA DÜZENİ İlkay SARIKAYA Melek ALKA İNGİLİZCE DÜZELTİ Y.Serdar DEMİRTAŞ Behice YILDIRIM Kitabımızdaki yazı ve makalelerin her hakkı saklıdır; ancak kaynak gösterilmek suretiyle alıntı yapılabilir. On Dördüncü Askerî Tarih Kongresi Bildirileri kitabında yayımlanan makaleler sadece yazarların görüşlerini yansıtır. Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri ve / veya Yayın Kurulunun görüşlerini temsil etmez. SUNUŞ Genelkurmay Askerî Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt (ATASE) Daire Başkanlığı tarafından düzenlenen “XIV. Yüzyıldan Günümüze Balkanlar ve Balkan Tarihi” konulu On Dördüncü Askerî Tarih Kongresi uluslararası katılımlı olarak 03 - 07 Aralık 2012 tarihleri arasında İstanbul / Harbiye Askerî Müze ve Kültür Sitesi Komutanlığında icra edilmiştir. Kongreye Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin değişik kurum ve kuruluşlarında görev yapan general, amiral, subaylar, emekli general, amiral ve subaylar, çeşitli üniversitelerin tarih ve uluslararası ilişkiler bölümlerinden yerli ve yabancı öğretim üyeleri, Genelkurmay ATASE Daire Başkanlığına bağlı Türk Askerî Tarih Komisyonu ve ATATÜRK Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi (ATAREM) Genel Kurul üyeleri ile Harp Akademileri ve Harp Okullarından gelen öğrenciler katılmışlardır. Katılımcılar arasında 22’nci Dz.K.K. Em. Ora.Metin ATAÇ, Harp Akademileri Komutanı Korg. Raif AKBAŞ, Genelkurmay Personel Başkanı Korg. Metin İYİDİL, Uluslararası Askerî Tarih Komisyonu (UATK) Başkanı Dr.Piet KAMPHUIS, UATK Onursal Başkanı Prof.Dr.Luc De VOS, KKTC Cumhuriyet Meclisi Eski Başkanı ve KKTC Tarih Kurumu Eski Başkanı Yrd.Doç.Dr.Vehbi Zeki SERTER, ATATÜRK Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu Başkanı Prof.Dr. Derya ÖRS’ün yanı sıra dokuz ülkenin Askerî Tarih Komisyonu Başkan ve üyeleri de yer almıştır. Kongre karşılama konuşması Genelkurmay ATASE Daire Başkanı Tuğg. Necdet TUNA, açılış konuşması Genelkurmay Personel Başkanı Korg. Metin İYİDİL, genel açılış konuşması Prof.Dr. Luc De VOS, akademik açılış konuşmaları Prof.Dr. İlber ORTAYLI ve Prof.Dr. Justin McCARTHY, kongre değerlendirmesi Prof.Dr. Melek DELİLBAŞI ve Prof.Dr. Dragi GJORGIEV, kongre genel değerlendirme konuşması UATK Başkanı Dr.Piet KAMPHUIS ve kongre kapanış konuşması ise Korg. Metin İYİDİL tarafından yapılmıştır. Kongre süresince 13 oturumda 11’i yabancı olmak üzere toplam 41 bildiri sunulmuştur. Bildirilerde Balkanların jeopolitik ve jeostratejik önemi vurgulandıktan sonra bölgedeki gelişmeler XIV. yüzyıldan başlayarak günümüze kadar tarihsel akış içerisinde yeniden ele alınmıştır. Kongrede Balkanların XIV. ve XV. yüzyıllarda Osmanlıların hızlı restorasyonuyla birleşmesinin ve bölgede dört asır süren bir sulhun yaşanmasının ardından milliyetçi temelli çatışmalar devrine girdiği; bunun yanı sıra milletlerin ayrı dil ve dinlerden olmalarına rağmen Balkanlılığın bir kültür olduğu ve bu kültürün bizi bir araya getirerek birbirimize yakınlaştırdığı; Makedonya’nın tarihte büyük adamlar çıkardığı ve bu büyük adamların sonuncusunun Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK olduğu hususları ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca Balkanlar bölgesinin tarihsel açıdan olduğu kadar coğrafi, siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel açılardan da Türkiye için önem ve öncelik taşıdığı; Balkanların Avrupa’yı Asya’ya, Asya’yı Avrupa’ya ve her iki kıtayı Anadolu’ya bağlayan bir köprü konumunda bulunduğu; Türkiye’nin bölge ülkelerinin tümüyle iyi ilişkiler kurmaya devam ettiği; bölge ülkeleri ile olan ikili ilişkilerinin bağımsızlık, egemenlik, toprak bütünlüğüne saygı ve iç işlerine karışmama ilkeleri üzerine kurulduğu; Türkiye’nin bölgede birçok uluslararası oluşuma destek vermek suretiyle gerginliklerin azaltılmasına ve krizlerin çözülmesine aktif katkıda bulunduğu hususları vurgulanmıştır. Genelkurmay Askerî Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt Daire Başkanlığı tarafından düzenlenen kongrede sunulan veya zaman yetersizliği nedeniyle sunulamayan bildirilerden oluşan ve üç cilt hâlinde hazırlanan “On Dördüncü Askerî Tarih Kongresi Bildirileri” adlı bu eserin, Balkan tarihi konusunda bilgi edinmek isteyen tüm araştırmacı ve okuyuculara faydalı olmasını diliyoruz. Necdet TUNA Tuğgeneral ATASE Daire Başkanı INTRODUCTION 14th Congress of Military History on “The Balkans and the History of the Balkans from the 14th Century to the Present” organized by Turkish General Staff (TGS) Military History and Strategic Studies (ATASE) Division was held with international participation at Military Museum and Cultural Site Command in Harbiye/Istanbul, on December 03-07, 2012. Generals, admirals and officers who work for various institutions and organizations of Turkish Armed Forces; retired generals, admirals and officers; Turkish and foreign academicians from history departments and international relations departments of various universities; members of General Boards of Turkish Commission of Military History and ATATÜRK Research and Education Center (ATAREM), both of which are affiliated to TGS ATASE Division; and cadets from War Colleges and Military Academies participated in the congress. Among the participants were the 22nd Commander of the Turkish Naval Forces (R) Adm. Metin ATAÇ, TGS Chief of Personnel Lt. Gen. Metin İYİDİL, President of International Commission of Military History (ICMH) Drs. Piet KAMPHUIS, Honorary President of ICMH Prof.Dr. Luc De VOS, former President of the Assembly of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) and former President of TRNC Historical Society Assoc.Prof. Vehbi Zeki SERTER, Chairman of Atatürk Higher Institute of Culture, Language and History Prof.Dr. Derya ÖRS, as well as presidents and members of national military history commissions from nine countries. Welcoming address of the congress was given by Chief of TGS ATASE Division Brig.Gen. Necdet TUNA, the opening speech was delivered by TGS Chief of Personnel Lt.Gen. Metin İYİDİL, the general opening remarks by Prof.Dr. Luc De VOS, and opening lectures by Prof.Dr. İlber ORTAYLI and Prof.Dr. Justin McCARTHY; while Prof.Dr. Melek DELİLBAŞI and Prof.Dr. Dragi GJORGIEV delivered evaluation speeches on the congress; President of ICMH Drs.Piet KAMPHUIS made a general evaluation of the congress, and the closing remarks were delivered by Lt.Gen.Metin İYİDİL. During the congress, within 13 sessions, 41 papers were presented in total, 11 of which by foreign academicians. The papers emphasized the geopolitical and geostrategic significance of the Balkans, and re-evaluated the regional developments from the 14th century to the present within the course of history. During the congress, it was indicated that the unification of the Balkans through the fast restoration activities by the Ottomans in the 14th and 15th centuries and the subsequent four-century peace period were followed by nationalism-based conflicts. Moreover, it was stated that although the Balkan nations had different languages and religions, being a member of the Balkans was a culture bringing us closer. It was also expressed that Macedonia had raised many great men in the history, the last of whom was Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK. In addition, it was emphasized in the congress that the Balkan region was important and privileged for Turkey in geographical, political, economic and cultural terms as well as in historical terms; that the Balkans were a bridge connecting Europe to Asia, Asia to Europe, and both continents to Anatolia; that Turkey continued to establish good relations with all the regional countries; that the bilateral relations of Turkey with the regional countries were based on the principles of independence, sovereignty, respect to territorial integrity and non-interference in the internal affairs; and that Turkey actively contributed to the reduction of the tensions and settlement of the crises by supporting many international organizations in the region. We hope that this work titled “Proceedings of the 14th Congress of Military History”, which includes the papers that were presented or could not be presented due to the limited time of the congress held by Turkish General Staff Military History and Strategic Studies Division and which has been prepared in three volumes, would be useful to all the researchers and readers willing to learn about the history of the Balkans. Necdet TUNA Brigadier General Chief of ATASE Division İÇİNDEKİLER SUNUŞ İÇİNDEKİLER...................................................................................... V DOKUZUNCU OTURUM BALKAN SAVAŞLARI ve TÜRK ORDUSU Oturum Başkanı: Prof.Dr. Hamiyet Sezer FEYZİOĞLU BİLDİRİLER 1. Öğ.Alb. Ali BAL Balkan Harbi’nde Türk Ordusunun Lojistik Durumu.................................. 479 2. Dr.Öğ.Alb. Suat AKGÜL Balkan Savaşlarında Özel Kuvvet Harekâtı............................................
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