Adamawa and Borno - Food Security and Livelihoods (FSL) Assessment of Hard-To-Reach Areas in Northeast Nigeria October 2020

Adamawa and Borno - Food Security and Livelihoods (FSL) Assessment of Hard-to-Reach Areas in Northeast Nigeria October 2020

Overview The continuation of conflict in Northeast Nigeria has reach areas through monthly multi-sector interviews experiences. Responses from KIs reporting on have been assessed. The findings presented created a complex humanitarian crisis, rendering in accessible Local Government Area (LGA) capitals the same settlement are then aggregated to the are are indicative of broader trends in assessed sections of Borno and Adamawa states as hard with key informants (KIs) who either (1) are newly settlement level. The most common response settlements in October 2020, and are not statistically to reach. To address information gaps facing the arrived internally displaced persons (IDPs) who have provided by the greatest number of KIs is reported for generalisable.1 Due to precautions related to the humanitarian response in Northeast Nigeria and left a hard-to-reach settlement in the last month or each settlement. When no most common response COVID-19 outbreak, data was collected remotely inform humanitarian actors on the demographics (2) KIs who have had contact with someone living could be identified, the response is considered as ‘no through phone based interviews with assistance of households in hard-to-reach areas of Northeast or having been in a hard-to-reach settlement in the consensus’. While included in the calculations, the from local stakeholders. Data collection took place Nigeria, as well as to identify their needs, access last month (traders, migrants, family members, etc.) percentage of settlements for which no consensus from October 1st to October 31st. to services and movement intentions, REACH has was reached is not displayed in the results below. If not stated otherwise, the recall period for each Assessment Coverage been conducting a monthly assessment of hard-to- question is set to one month prior to the last Results presented in this factsheet, unless otherwise 628 reach areas in Northeast Nigeria since November Key informants interviewed information the KI has had from the hard-to-reach specified, represent the proportion of settlements 2018. 424 Settlements assessed area. Selected KIs are purposively sampled and assessed within an LGA. Findings are only reported 17 LGAs assessed Using its Area of Knowledge (AoK) methodology, are interviewed on settlement-wide circumstances on LGAs where at least 5% of populated settlements 14 LGAs with sufficient coverage2 REACH remotely monitors the situation in hard-to- in hard-to-reach areas, rather than their individual and at least 5 settlements in the respective LGA

Assessment coverage Access to food Proportion of settlements assessed: Proportion of assessed settlements where it was reported that Of the assessed settlements where it was reported that at least some people have access to enough food: some people did not have enough access to food (80%), the main reason reported for not having access to enough food: LGA boundary 0%

Niger 1 - 20% 49+32+11+1+1 Chad Abadam 21 - 40% 41 - 60% Unsafe access to farm land 49% 61 - 80% 81 - 100% Food was stolen 32% Mobbar Kukawa Assessed Settlement Guzamala Natural causes 11%

Gubio No market available 1% Yobe Nganzai Monguno To weak to farm 1% Borno Marte Ngala Magumeri Kala/Balge Jere Mafa Dikwa

Konduga Bama Cameroon State boundary Gwoza LGA boundary Damboa Under 5% or less Gombe than 5 settlements 5 - 10% Madagali Adamawa 11 - 20 % Askira/Uba 21 - 50% Michika 51 - 100% km Assessed Settlement 0 25 50 100

1Due to changes in migration patterns, the specific settlements assessed within each LGA vary each month. Changes in results reported in this factsheet, compared to previous factsheets, may therefore be due to variations in the assessed settlements instead of changes over time. 2 The most recent version of the VTS dataset (released in February 2019 on vts.eocng.org) has been used as the reference for settlement names and locations, and adjusted to account for deserted villages based on information shared by OCHA.

For more information on this factsheet please contact: Informing REACH more effective [email protected] REACH humanitarian action Adamawa and Borno - Food Security and Livelihoods (FSL) Assessment of Hard-to-Reach Areas in Northeast Nigeria October 2020

Access to food Coping strategy

Proportion of assessed settlements where it was reported that Proportion of assessed settlements where it was reported Proportion of assessed settlements where it was reported people eat wild foods that are not part of their usual diet: that most people eat on average one meal per day or less: that some people go entire day without eating as a coping strategy:

LGA boundary LGA boundary LGA boundary 0 % 0 % 0 % 1 - 20% Abadam 1 - 20% 1 - 20% 21 - 40% Abadam Abadam 21 - 40% 21 - 40% 41 - 60% 41 - 60% 41 - 60% 61 - 80% 61 - 80% 61 - 80% 81 - 100% Mobbar Kukawa 81 - 100% 81 - 100% Assessed Settlement Mobbar Kukawa Mobbar Kukawa Guzamala Assessed Settlement Assessed Settlement Guzamala Guzamala

Gubio Gubio Gubio Nganzai Monguno Marte Nganzai Monguno Nganzai Monguno Marte Marte Ngala Magumeri Ngala Ngala Magumeri Magumeri Kala/Balge Jere Mafa Kala/Balge Kala/Balge Jere Mafa Jere Mafa Dikwa Dikwa Dikwa

Konduga Bama Konduga Bama Konduga Bama

Gwoza Damboa Gwoza Gwoza Damboa Damboa

Madagali Madagali Madagali Askira/Uba Askira/Uba Askira/Uba Michika Michika Michika km km km 0 25 50 100 0 25 50 100 0 25 50 100

Food source Food shock: Health Food shock: Conflict and looting

Most commonly reported main means of accessing food, by Top five LGAs with the highest proportion of assessed Top five LGAs with the highest proportion of assessed % of assessed settlements: settlements where it was reported that perceived health settlements where it was reported that conflict related

82+14+4 incidents and looting impacted access to food: problems impacted access to food: 100+64+57+33+31 100+94+93+91+91 Cultivated 82% Abadam 100% Ngala 100% Foraged for wild foods 14% Dikwa 64% Gwoza 94% Bought with cash 4% Marte 57% Abadam 93% Ngala 33% Dikwa 91% Michika 31% Magumeri 91%

Access to livelihood

Proportion of assessed settlements where it was reported that Proportion of assessed settlements where people were reported Proportion of assessed settlements where it was reported that people have access to a functional market within walking to own livestock: people’s ability to engage in livelihood activities had decreased distance: in the month prior to data collection: LGA boundary LGA boundary LGA boundary 0% 0% 0 % 1 - 20% 1 - 20% 1 - 20% Abadam Abadam Abadam 21 - 40% 21 - 40% 21 - 40% 41 - 60% 41 - 60% 41 - 60% 61 - 80% 61 - 80% 61 - 80% 81 - 100% 81 - 100% 81 - 100% Mobbar Kukawa Mobbar Kukawa Mobbar Kukawa Assessed Settlement Assessed Settlement Assessed Settlement Guzamala Guzamala Guzamala

Gubio Gubio Gubio

Nganzai Monguno Nganzai Monguno Nganzai Monguno Marte Marte Marte

Ngala Ngala Ngala Magumeri Magumeri Magumeri Kala/Balge Kala/Balge Kala/Balge Jere Mafa Jere Mafa Jere Mafa Dikwa Dikwa Dikwa

Konduga Bama Konduga Bama Konduga Bama

Gwoza Gwoza Gwoza Damboa Damboa Damboa

Madagali Madagali Madagali

Askira/Uba Askira/Uba Askira/Uba Michika Michika Michika km km km 0 25 50 100 0 25 50 100 0 25 50 100

Livelihood activities Access to land Planting/harvest Most common livelihoods activities practiced in the Top five LGAs with the highest proportion of assessed Top five LGAs with the highest proportion of assessed settlement, by % of assessed settlements: settlements where people reportedly have less land settlements where people had reportedly planted and 3 97+35+20+16+13+8 100+100+100+100+100 available for cultivation compared to100+85+82+78+72 the same time last year: harvested in the previous rainy season : Subsistence farming 97% Dikwa 100% Askira/Uba 100% Casual labour 35% Michika 85% Damboa 100% Livestock rearing 20% Damboa 82% Dikwa 100% Hunting 16% Magumeri 78% Gwoza 100% Fishing 13% Marte 72% Konduga 100% Market trading 8%

3100% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had planted and harvested in the last rainy season also included: Madagali, Michika, Magumeri and Marte.

For more information on this factsheet please contact: Informing REACH more effective [email protected] REACH humanitarian action