Directed Evolution of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) in Its Natural Environment
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The Regulation of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase-Aspartate Transcarbamoylase-Dihydroorotase (Cad) by Phosphorylation and Protein-Protein Interactions
THE REGULATION OF CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE-ASPARTATE TRANSCARBAMOYLASE-DIHYDROOROTASE (CAD) BY PHOSPHORYLATION AND PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS Eric M. Wauson A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Pharmacology. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Lee M. Graves, Ph.D. T. Kendall Harden, Ph.D. Gary L. Johnson, Ph.D. Aziz Sancar M.D., Ph.D. Beverly S. Mitchell, M.D. 2007 Eric M. Wauson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Eric M. Wauson: The Regulation of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase-Aspartate Transcarbamoylase-Dihydroorotase (CAD) by Phosphorylation and Protein-Protein Interactions (Under the direction of Lee M. Graves, Ph.D.) Pyrimidines have many important roles in cellular physiology, as they are used in the formation of DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and pyrimidine sugars. The first rate- limiting step in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway is catalyzed by the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II (CPSase II) part of the multienzymatic complex Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, Aspartate transcarbamoylase, Dihydroorotase (CAD). CAD gene induction is highly correlated to cell proliferation. Additionally, CAD is allosterically inhibited or activated by uridine triphosphate (UTP) or phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP), respectively. The phosphorylation of CAD by PKA and ERK has been reported to modulate the response of CAD to allosteric modulators. While there has been much speculation on the identity of CAD phosphorylation sites, no definitive identification of in vivo CAD phosphorylation sites has been performed. Therefore, we sought to determine the specific CAD residues phosphorylated by ERK and PKA in intact cells. -
Longitudinal Peripheral Blood Transcriptional Analysis of COVID-19 Patients
medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.20091355; this version posted May 8, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Longitudinal peripheral blood transcriptional analysis of COVID-19 patients 2 captures disease progression and reveals potential biomarkers 3 Qihong Yan1,5,†, Pingchao Li1,†, Xianmiao Ye1,†, Xiaohan Huang1,5,†, Xiaoneng Mo2, 4 Qian Wang1, Yudi Zhang1, Kun Luo1, Zhaoming Chen1, Jia Luo1, Xuefeng Niu3, Ying 5 Feng3, Tianxing Ji3, Bo Feng3, Jinlin Wang2, Feng Li2, Fuchun Zhang2, Fang Li2, 6 Jianhua Wang1, Liqiang Feng1, Zhilong Chen4,*, Chunliang Lei2,*, Linbing Qu1,*, Ling 7 Chen1,2,3,4,* 8 1Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory 9 (GRMH-GDL), Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou 10 Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 11 China 12 2Guangzhou Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, 13 Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China 14 3State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for 15 Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated 16 Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China 17 4School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China 18 5University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China 19 †These authors contributed equally to this work. 20 *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Ling Chen ([email protected]), 21 Linbing Qu ([email protected]), Chunliang Lei ([email protected]), Zhilong 22 Chen ([email protected]) NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice. -
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Robyn A Lindley. Medical Research Archives vol 8 issue 8. Medical Research Archives REVIEW ARTICLE Review of the mutational role of deaminases and the generation of a cognate molecular model to explain cancer mutation spectra Author Robyn A Lindley1,2 1Department of Clinical Pathology 2GMDx Genomics Ltd, The Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre Level 3 162 Collins Street, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences Melbourne VIC3000, AUSTRALIA University of Melbourne, Email: [email protected] 305 Gratton Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, AUSTRALIA Email: [email protected] Correspondence: Robyn A Lindley, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 305 Gratton Street, Melbourne VIC 3000 AUSTRALIA Mobile: +61 (0) 414209132 Email: [email protected] Abstract Recent developments in somatic mutation analyses have led to the discovery of codon-context targeted somatic mutation (TSM) signatures in cancer genomes: it is now known that deaminase mutation target sites are far more specific than previously thought. As this research provides novel insights into the deaminase origin of most of the somatic point mutations arising in cancer, a clear understanding of the mechanisms and processes involved will be valuable for molecular scientists as well as oncologists and cancer specialists in the clinic. This review will describe the basic research into the mechanism of antigen-driven somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes (Ig SHM) that lead to the discovery of TSM signatures, and it will show that an Ig SHM-like signature is ubiquitous in the cancer exome. Most importantly, the data discussed in this review show that Ig SHM-like cancer-associated signatures are highly targeted to cytosine (C) and adenosine (A) nucleotides in a characteristic codon-context fashion. -
Apoptotic Cells Inflammasome Activity During the Uptake of Macrophage
Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/ by guest on September 29, 2021 is online at: average * The Journal of Immunology , 26 of which you can access for free at: 2012; 188:5682-5693; Prepublished online 20 from submission to initial decision 4 weeks from acceptance to publication April 2012; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103760 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/188/11/5682 Complement Protein C1q Directs Macrophage Polarization and Limits Inflammasome Activity during the Uptake of Apoptotic Cells Marie E. Benoit, Elizabeth V. Clarke, Pedro Morgado, Deborah A. Fraser and Andrea J. Tenner J Immunol cites 56 articles Submit online. Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists ? is published twice each month by Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts http://jimmunol.org/subscription http://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2012/04/20/jimmunol.110376 0.DC1 This article http://www.jimmunol.org/content/188/11/5682.full#ref-list-1 Information about subscribing to The JI No Triage! Fast Publication! Rapid Reviews! 30 days* Why • • • Material References Permissions Email Alerts Subscription Supplementary The Journal of Immunology The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2012 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. This information is current as of September 29, 2021. The Journal of Immunology Complement Protein C1q Directs Macrophage Polarization and Limits Inflammasome Activity during the Uptake of Apoptotic Cells Marie E. -
Common Differentially Expressed Genes and Pathways Correlating Both Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation
EXCLI Journal 2021;20:126-141– ISSN 1611-2156 Received: December 08, 2020, accepted: January 11, 2021, published: January 18, 2021 Supplementary material to: Original article: COMMON DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES AND PATHWAYS CORRELATING BOTH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION Youjing Zheng, Jia-Qiang He* Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA * Corresponding author: Jia-Qiang He, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Phase II, Room 252B, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Tel: 1-540-231-2032. E-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-7046 Youjing Zheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0640-5960 Jia-Qiang He http://dx.doi.org/10.17179/excli2020-3262 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Supplemental Table 1: Abbreviations used in the paper Abbreviation Full name ABCA5 ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 5 ABCB6 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) ABCB9 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 9 ABCC10 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 10 ABCC13 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 13 (pseudogene) ABCC5 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 ABCD3 ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 3 ABCE1 ATP binding cassette subfamily E member 1 ABCG1 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 ABCG4 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 4 ABHD18 Abhydrolase domain -
Interactions Between APOBEC3 and Murine Retroviruses: Mechanisms of Restriction and Drug Resistance
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Interactions Between APOBEC3 and Murine Retroviruses: Mechanisms of Restriction and Drug Resistance Alyssa Lea MacMillan University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Virology Commons Recommended Citation MacMillan, Alyssa Lea, "Interactions Between APOBEC3 and Murine Retroviruses: Mechanisms of Restriction and Drug Resistance" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 894. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/894 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/894 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Interactions Between APOBEC3 and Murine Retroviruses: Mechanisms of Restriction and Drug Resistance Abstract APOBEC3 proteins are important for antiretroviral defense in mammals. The activity of these factors has been well characterized in vitro, identifying cytidine deamination as an active source of viral restriction leading to hypermutation of viral DNA synthesized during reverse transcription. These mutations can result in viral lethality via disruption of critical genes, but in some cases is insufficiento t completely obstruct viral replication. This sublethal level of mutagenesis could aid in viral evolution. A cytidine deaminase-independent mechanism of restriction has also been identified, as catalytically inactive proteins are still able to inhibit infection in vitro. Murine retroviruses do not exhibit characteristics of hypermutation by mouse APOBEC3 in vivo. However, human APOBEC3G protein expressed in transgenic mice maintains antiviral restriction and actively deaminates viral genomes. The mechanism by which endogenous APOBEC3 proteins function is unclear. The mouse provides a system amenable to studying the interaction of APOBEC3 and retroviral targets in vivo. -
Supplementary Information.Pdf
Supplementary Information Whole transcriptome profiling reveals major cell types in the cellular immune response against acute and chronic active Epstein‐Barr virus infection Huaqing Zhong1, Xinran Hu2, Andrew B. Janowski2, Gregory A. Storch2, Liyun Su1, Lingfeng Cao1, Jinsheng Yu3, and Jin Xu1 Department of Clinical Laboratory1, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai 201102, China; Departments of Pediatrics2 and Genetics3, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States. Supplementary information includes the following: 1. Supplementary Figure S1: Fold‐change and correlation data for hyperactive and hypoactive genes. 2. Supplementary Table S1: Clinical data and EBV lab results for 110 study subjects. 3. Supplementary Table S2: Differentially expressed genes between AIM vs. Healthy controls. 4. Supplementary Table S3: Differentially expressed genes between CAEBV vs. Healthy controls. 5. Supplementary Table S4: Fold‐change data for 303 immune mediators. 6. Supplementary Table S5: Primers used in qPCR assays. Supplementary Figure S1. Fold‐change (a) and Pearson correlation data (b) for 10 cell markers and 61 hypoactive and hyperactive genes identified in subjects with acute EBV infection (AIM) in the primary cohort. Note: 23 up‐regulated hyperactive genes were highly correlated positively with cytotoxic T cell (Tc) marker CD8A and NK cell marker CD94 (KLRD1), and 38 down‐regulated hypoactive genes were highly correlated positively with B cell, conventional dendritic cell -
Supplemental Table S1. Primers for Sybrgreen Quantitative RT-PCR Assays
Supplemental Table S1. Primers for SYBRGreen quantitative RT-PCR assays. Gene Accession Primer Sequence Length Start Stop Tm GC% GAPDH NM_002046.3 GAPDH F TCCTGTTCGACAGTCAGCCGCA 22 39 60 60.43 59.09 GAPDH R GCGCCCAATACGACCAAATCCGT 23 150 128 60.12 56.52 Exon junction 131/132 (reverse primer) on template NM_002046.3 DNAH6 NM_001370.1 DNAH6 F GGGCCTGGTGCTGCTTTGATGA 22 4690 4711 59.66 59.09% DNAH6 R TAGAGAGCTTTGCCGCTTTGGCG 23 4797 4775 60.06 56.52% Exon junction 4790/4791 (reverse primer) on template NM_001370.1 DNAH7 NM_018897.2 DNAH7 F TGCTGCATGAGCGGGCGATTA 21 9973 9993 59.25 57.14% DNAH7 R AGGAAGCCATGTACAAAGGTTGGCA 25 10073 10049 58.85 48.00% Exon junction 9989/9990 (forward primer) on template NM_018897.2 DNAI1 NM_012144.2 DNAI1 F AACAGATGTGCCTGCAGCTGGG 22 673 694 59.67 59.09 DNAI1 R TCTCGATCCCGGACAGGGTTGT 22 822 801 59.07 59.09 Exon junction 814/815 (reverse primer) on template NM_012144.2 RPGRIP1L NM_015272.2 RPGRIP1L F TCCCAAGGTTTCACAAGAAGGCAGT 25 3118 3142 58.5 48.00% RPGRIP1L R TGCCAAGCTTTGTTCTGCAAGCTGA 25 3238 3214 60.06 48.00% Exon junction 3124/3125 (forward primer) on template NM_015272.2 Supplemental Table S2. Transcripts that differentiate IPF/UIP from controls at 5%FDR Fold- p-value Change Transcript Gene p-value p-value p-value (IPF/UIP (IPF/UIP Cluster ID RefSeq Symbol gene_assignment (Age) (Gender) (Smoking) vs. C) vs. C) NM_001178008 // CBS // cystathionine-beta- 8070632 NM_001178008 CBS synthase // 21q22.3 // 875 /// NM_0000 0.456642 0.314761 0.418564 4.83E-36 -2.23 NM_003013 // SFRP2 // secreted frizzled- 8103254 NM_003013 -
Molecular Signatures Differentiate Immune States in Type 1 Diabetes Families
Page 1 of 65 Diabetes Molecular signatures differentiate immune states in Type 1 diabetes families Yi-Guang Chen1, Susanne M. Cabrera1, Shuang Jia1, Mary L. Kaldunski1, Joanna Kramer1, Sami Cheong2, Rhonda Geoffrey1, Mark F. Roethle1, Jeffrey E. Woodliff3, Carla J. Greenbaum4, Xujing Wang5, and Martin J. Hessner1 1The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, and Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. 2The Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. 3Flow Cytometry & Cell Separation Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. 4Diabetes Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA. 5Systems Biology Center, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA. Corresponding author: Martin J. Hessner, Ph.D., The Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Tel: 011-1-414-955-4496; Fax: 011-1-414-955-6663; E-mail: [email protected]. Running title: Innate Inflammation in T1D Families Word count: 3999 Number of Tables: 1 Number of Figures: 7 1 For Peer Review Only Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online April 23, 2014 Diabetes Page 2 of 65 ABSTRACT Mechanisms associated with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) development remain incompletely defined. Employing a sensitive array-based bioassay where patient plasma is used to induce transcriptional responses in healthy leukocytes, we previously reported disease-specific, partially IL-1 dependent, signatures associated with pre and recent onset (RO) T1D relative to unrelated healthy controls (uHC). -
Implications of Endogenous Retroelements in the Etiopatho- Genesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 4 January 2021 Review Implications of Endogenous Retroelements in the Etiopatho- genesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Kennedy C. Ukadike 1 and Tomas Mustelin 2,* 1 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109; [email protected] 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1 (206) 313-6130 Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogenous autoimmune disease. While its eti- ology remains elusive, current understanding suggests a multifactorial process with contributions by genetic, immunologic, hormonal, and environmental factors. A hypothesis that combines several of these factors proposes that genomic elements, the L1 retrotransposons, are instrumental in SLE pathogenesis. L1 retroelements are transcriptionally activated in SLE and produce two proteins, ORF1p and ORF2p, which are immunogenic and can drive type I interferon (IFN) production by producing DNA species that activate cytosolic DNA sensors. In addition, these two proteins reside in RNA-rich macromolecular assemblies that also contain well-known SLE autoantigens like Ro60. We surmise that cells expressing L1 will exhibit all the hallmarks of cells infected by a virus, result- ing in a cellular and humoral immune response similar to those in chronic viral infections. However, unlike exogenous viruses, L1 retroelements cannot be eliminated from the host genome. Hence, dysregulated L1 will cause a chronic, but perhaps episodic, challenge for the immune system. The clinical and immunological features of SLE can be largely explained by this model. -
Deaminase-Independent Mode of Antiretroviral Action in Human and Mouse APOBEC3 Proteins
microorganisms Review Deaminase-Independent Mode of Antiretroviral Action in Human and Mouse APOBEC3 Proteins Yoshiyuki Hakata 1,* and Masaaki Miyazawa 1,2 1 Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; [email protected] 2 Kindai University Anti-Aging Center, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-72-367-7660 Received: 8 December 2020; Accepted: 9 December 2020; Published: 12 December 2020 Abstract: Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) proteins (APOBEC3s) are deaminases that convert cytosines to uracils predominantly on a single-stranded DNA, and function as intrinsic restriction factors in the innate immune system to suppress replication of viruses (including retroviruses) and movement of retrotransposons. Enzymatic activity is supposed to be essential for the APOBEC3 antiviral function. However, it is not the only way that APOBEC3s exert their biological function. Since the discovery of human APOBEC3G as a restriction factor for HIV-1, the deaminase-independent mode of action has been observed. At present, it is apparent that both the deaminase-dependent and -independent pathways are tightly involved not only in combating viruses but also in human tumorigenesis. Although the deaminase-dependent pathway has been extensively characterized so far, understanding of the deaminase-independent pathway remains immature. Here, we review existing knowledge regarding the deaminase-independent antiretroviral functions of APOBEC3s and their molecular mechanisms. We also discuss the possible unidentified molecular mechanism for the deaminase-independent antiretroviral function mediated by mouse APOBEC3. Keywords: APOBEC3; deaminase-independent antiretroviral function; innate immunity 1. -
Epigenetic Regulation in B-Cell Maturation and Its Dysregulation in Autoimmunity
OPEN Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2018) 15, 676–684 www.nature.com/cmi REVIEW Epigenetic regulation in B-cell maturation and its dysregulation in autoimmunity Haijing Wu1, Yaxiong Deng1, Yu Feng1, Di Long1, Kongyang Ma2, Xiaohui Wang2, Ming Zhao1, Liwei Lu2 and Qianjin Lu1 B cells have a critical role in the initiation and acceleration of autoimmune diseases, especially those mediated by autoantibodies. In the peripheral lymphoid system, mature B cells are activated by self or/and foreign antigens and signals from helper T cells for differentiating into either memory B cells or antibody-producing plasma cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic regulations modulate somatic hypermutation and class switch DNA recombination during B-cell activation and differentiation. Any abnormalities in these complex regulatory processes may contribute to aberrant antibody production, resulting in autoimmune pathogenesis such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Newly generated knowledge from advanced modern technologies such as next-generation sequencing, single-cell sequencing and DNA methylation sequencing has enabled us to better understand B-cell biology and its role in autoimmune development. Thus this review aims to summarize current research progress in epigenetic modifications contributing to B-cell activation and differentiation, especially under autoimmune conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. Cellular and Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 29 January 2018; doi:10.1038/cmi.2017.133 Keywords: