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The History and Archaeology of Post-1880 Sites in the Rosemont Area, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona

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The History and Archaeology of Post-1880 Sites in the Rosemont Area, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona ROSEMONT: THE HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF POST-1880 SITES IN THE ROSEMONT AREA, SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA by James E. Ayres Archaeological Research Services, Inc. Tempe, Arizona Archaeological Series No. 147, Vol. 3 ROSEMONT: THE HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF POST-1880 SITES IN THE ROSEMONT AREA, SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA by James E. Ayres Archaeological Research Services, Inc. Tempe, Arizona Submitted by Cultural Resource Management Division Arizona State Museum University of Arizona Prepared for ANAMAX Mining Company 1984 Archaeological Series No. 147, Vol. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Figures Tables Acknowledgements Abstract Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Project History 1 Report Content 4 2. Environmental and Cultural Settings 7 The Rosemont Environment 7 Regional Historical Developments 9 Rosemont Area Historical Developments 12 3. The Research Program 15 Introduction 15 The Research Design 15 General Research Goals 15 Specific Research Interests 16 Socio-Cultural Behavior 16 Demography 17 Subsistence 18 Technology 19 Archaeology 20 History 21 Interviews 23 Laboratory Analysis 24 4. The Mining Sites 25 AZ EE:2:138 (ASM): Old Rosemont 25 History 27 Features 38 Feature 1 39 Artifacts 39 Feature 2 53 Artifacts: Surface 60 Artifacts: Pier Excavations 63 Artifacts: General Excavation 64 Feature 3 68 Artifacts: Surface 71 Artifacts: Excavation 73 Feature 4 74 Artifacts: Surface 76 Artifacts: Excavation 77 Feature 5 77 Artifacts 77 Feature 6 80 Artifacts 82 Feature 7 83 Artifacts 83 Artifacts: Surface 88 Artifacts: Excavation Interior 91 Artifacts: Excavation Exterior 94 Feature 8 96 Feature 9 96 Artifacts 97 Feature 10 98 Feature 11 98 Artifacts 98 Feature 12 100 Artifacts 100 Feature 13 101 Artifacts 101 Feature 14 103 Artifacts 103 Feature 15 104 Artifacts: Surface 104 Artifacts: Excavation 108 Feature 16 112 Artifacts 113 Feature 17 115 Artifacts: Surface 117 Artifacts: Excavation 118 Feature 18 119 Artifacts 120 Feature 19 120 Artifacts 120 Feature 20 121 Artifacts 121 Feature 23 123 Artifacts 123 Feature 24 125 Feature 25 125 Artifacts 125 Summary and Interpretation 126 AZ EE:2:157 (ASM): New Rosemont 132 History 132 Features 138 Feature 1 139 Artifacts 139 Feature 2 147 ii Feature 3 147 Feature 4 147 Feature 5 147 Artifacts 147 Feature 6 148 Feature 7 148 Artifacts: Surface 149 Artifacts: Excavation 152 Feature 8 152 Feature 9 152 Artifacts: Surface 153 Artifacts: Excavation 156 Feature 10 160 Artifacts 160 Feature 11 162 Feature 12 162 Artifacts 162 Feature 13 163 Artifacts 163 Feature 14 164 Artifacts 164 Feature 15 164 Artifacts 164 Feature 16 165 Artifacts: Surface 165 Artifacts: Excavation, Feature 16a 167 Artifacts: Excavation, Feature 16b 168 Feature 17 169 Feature 18 172 Feature 19 172 Artifacts 172 Feature 20 172 Artifacts 173 Feature 21 173 Artifacts 173 Feature 22 175 Artifacts 175 Feature 23 176 Feature 24 177 Feature 25 177 Artifacts 177 Feature 26 178 Artifacts 178 Feature 27 181 Feature 28 181 Artifacts 183 Feature 29 184 Feature 30 186 Artifacts 186 Feature 31 187 Feature 32 187 Artifacts 187 Feature 33 187 Artifacts 188 Feature 34 188 Artifacts 190 Feature 35 190 Artifacts 190 Feature 36 191 Artifacts 191 Feature 37 191 Artifacts 192 Feature 38 193 Artifacts 195 Feature 39 196 Feature 40 196 Artifacts 196 Feature 41 198 Artifacts 198 Feature 42 201 Artifacts 201 Feature 43 203 Feature 44 203 Artifacts 203 Feature 45 204 Artifacts 204 Feature 46 206 Feature 47 206 Artifacts 206 Feature 48 206 Artifacts 206 Feature 49 206 Feature 50 207 Artifacts 207 Feature 51 207 Artifacts 207 Feature 52 207 Artifacts 207 Feature 53 208 Feature 54 209 Artifacts 209 Feature 55 210 Artifacts: Surface 211 Artifacts: Excavation 213 Feature 56 216 Feature 57 218 Feature 58 218 Artifacts 218 Feature 59 219 Artifacts 219 Feature 60 222 Artifacts 222 iv Feature 61 223 Artifacts 223 Feature 62 225 Feature 63 225 Feature 64 225 Artifacts 225 Feature 65 227 Artifacts 227 Feature 66 228 Artifacts 228 Feature 67 230 Artifacts 230 Feature 68 231 Feature 69 233 Artifacts 233 Feature 70 234 Artifacts 234 Feature 71 234 Artifacts 234 Feature 72 236 Artifacts 236 Feature 73 236 Artifacts 236 Feature 74 237 Artifacts 237 Feature 75 239 Artifacts 239 Feature 76 241 Artifacts 241 Feature 77 241 Artifacts 241 Summary and Interpretation 242 AZ EE:1:106 (ASM) 250 History 252 Features 253 Feature 1 253 Artifacts: Surface 254 Artifacts: Excavation 260 Feature 2 261 Artifacts 262 Feature 3 262 Feature 4 263 Feature 5 263 Feature 6 263 Feature 7 263 Feature 8 264 Feature 9A-B 264 Artifacts 264 Feature 10 265 Artifacts 265 Feature 11 267 Artifacts 268 Feature 12 268 Feature 13 269 Feature 14 269 Feature 15 270 Feature 16 270 Feature 17 270 Artifacts 270 Summary and Interpretation 271 AZ EE:1:93 (ASM) 275 History 275 Features 275 Feature 1 275 Artifacts 275 Feature 2 276 Summary and Interpretation 276 AZ EE:1:105 (ASM) 277 History 277 Feature 277 Summary and Interpretation 277 AZ EE:1:107 (ASM) 280 History 280 Features 280 Feature 1 280 Artifacts 282 Feature 2 282 Artifacts 282 Feature 3 283 Artifacts 283 Feature 4 285 Summary and Interpretation 285 AZ EE:1:108 (ASM) 287 History 287 Features 287 Feature 1 287 Feature 2 289 Feature 3 289 Artifacts 289 Feature 4 289 Artifacts 290 Feature 5 293 Artifacts 293 Feature 6 294 Feature 7 294 Artifacts 294 Feature 8 295 Summary and Interpretation 295 AZ EE:1:109 (ASM) 296 History 296 Features 296 Feature 1 298 Artifacts 298 Feature 2 299 Artifacts 299 Feature 3 299 Artifacts 300 Summary and Interpretation 301 AZ EE:1:110 (ASM) 301 History 302 Features 302 Feature 1 302 Feature 2 302 Feature 3 302 Summary and Interpretation 303 AZ EE:1:111 (ASM) 304 History 304 Features 306 Feature 1 306 Feature 2 306 Feature 3 309 Feature 4 309 Feature 5 309 Summary and Interpretation 309 AZ EE:2:70 (ASM) 310 History 310 Features 310 Feature 1 310 Feature 2 310 Artifacts 310 Feature 3 312 Feature 4 312 Artifacts 312 Features 5 and 6 313 Summary and Interpretation 313 AZ EE:2:145 (ASM): Precipitation Tanks 314 History 314 Features 314 Feature 1 314 Feature 2 314 Feature 3 316 Feature 4 316 Feature 5 316 vii Feature 6 316 Feature 7 316 Feature 8 316 Feature 9 317 Feature 10 317 Features 11-12 317 Feature 13 317 Feature 14 318 Feature 15 318 Feature 16 318 Feature 17 318 Feature 18 320 Feature 19 321 Feature 20 321 Feature 21 321 Feature 22 321 Feature 23 322 Feature 24 322 Feature 25 322 Feature 26 323 Feature 27 323 Feature 28 323 Feature 29 323 Summary and Interpretation 323 AZ EE:2:153 (ASM) 324 History 324 Features 324 Feature 1 324 Artifacts 326 Feature 2 327 Artifacts 327 Feature 3 327 Feature 4 327 Feature 5 327 Feature 6 328 Summary and Interpretation 328 AZ EE:2:149 (ASM) 328 History 330 Features 330 Feature 1 330 Artifacts 330 Feature 2 330 Artifacts 330 Feature 3 330 Artifacts 330 Summary and Interpretation 330 5. Ranching Sites 332 AZ EE:2:146 (ASM): The Lopez Ranch 334 History 334 Features 338 Feature 1 338 Artifacts 338 Feature 2 338 Artifacts 339 Feature 3 340 Feature 4 340 Feature 5 340 Feature 6 341 Feature 7 341 Summary and Interpretation 341 AZ EE:2:68 (ASM): The Martinez Ranch 342 History 342 Features 345 Feature 1 345 Artifacts 345 Feature 2 347 Artifacts: Surface 349 Artifacts: Excavation 350 Feature 3 351 Artifacts 351 Feature 4 351 Artifacts 351 Feature 5 352 Artifacts 352 Feature 6 353 Artifacts 353 Summary and Interpretation 354 AZ EE:2:152 (ASM) 355 History 355 Features 357 Feature 1 357 Feature 2 357 Feature 3 357 Feature 4 358 Feature 5 358 Feature 6 358 Summary and Interpretation 358 AZ EE:2:139 (ASM) 359 History 359 Features 364 Feature 2 365 Feature 5 366 Feature 8 366 i x AZ EE:1:92 (ASM) 366 History 368 Features 368 Feature 1 368 Feature 2 369 Feature 3 369 Feature 4 369 Feature 5 369 Feature 6 370 Summary and Interpretation 370 6. U.S. Forest Service Facility 372 History 372 AZ EE:2:156 (ASM) 375 Artifacts: Surface 378 Feature 1: Interior 378 Artifacts: Excavation 383 Feature 1: West Exterior 384 Artifacts: Excavation 385 Feature 1: Northwest Exterior 385 Artifacts: Excavation 385 Feature 2 386 Artifacts: Excavation 386 Feature 3 387 Feature 4 387 Feature 5 387 Feature 6 388 Artifacts: Excavation 388 AZ EE:2:143 (ASM) 388 Features 388 Feature 1 390 Artifacts 390 Feature 2 392 Feature 7 392 Feature 9 392 Feature 10 392 Feature 12 394 Artifacts: Excavation 394 Features 18 and 19 394 Artifacts: Excavation 394 Feature 20 394 Artifacts: Excavation 395 Other Features 397 Summary and Interpretation 398 7. Rosemont Public School Sites 402 AZ EE:2:144 (ASM): Rosemont School Site 402 History 402 Features 407 x Artifacts: Surface 409 Artifacts: Excavation 410 Summary and Interpretation 412 AZ EE:2:148 (ASM) 413 History 413 Features 415 Feature 1 415 Artifacts: Surface 418 Artifacts: Excavation 419 Feature 2 421 Artifacts 421 Feature 3 421 Artifacts: Surface 422 Artifacts: Excavation 423 Summary and Interpretation 423 8. Other Sites 426 AZ EE:2:150 (ASM) 426 History 426 Features 426 Feature 1 426 Feature 2 428 Summary and Interpretation 428 AZ EE:2:151 (ASM) 428 History 430 Features 430 Feature 1 430 Artifacts 430 Feature 2 431 Artifacts 432 Feature 3 432 Feature 4 432 Feature 5 432 Artifacts: Surface 433 Artifacts: Excavation 435 Feature 6 436 Artifacts: Surface 437
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