Operative Dictations in General and Vascular Surgery

Jamal J. Hoballah Carol E.H. Scott-Conner Editors

Second edition Editors Jamal J. Hoballah, MD, MBA, Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, MD, PhD, FACS MBA, FACS Professor and Chairman Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Surgery American University of Beirut University of Iowa Carver College Medical Center of Medicine Beirut, Lebanon Iowa City, IA, USA [email protected] Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Vascular Surgery Division University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City, IA, USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-4614-0450-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-0451-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0451-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2011935376

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

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Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To Harry (CSC) To Leila, Jawad, Nader and Wafa (JJH)

Preface

A SPECIAL WORD TO SURGICAL RESIDENTS AND FELLOWS Surgeons love to operate, but nobody likes paperwork. The operative dictation, or “op note” as it is commonly called, is one of the most important pieces of paperwork that a surgeon creates. Accurately recording what happened in the operating room – what the indications were, what was found, what was done, who was there, what sutures and devices were used, what individual differences in anatomy were encountered – is a crucial skill that all surgeons must learn. Yet, surgical residents rarely receive detailed instruction in how to dictate concise, informative operative notes. Quite simply, this is a book we wish we had had when we were residents. It is a book we want our residents to have and to use. Personalize your copy. Use the space labeled “notes” to take note of particular technical variations favored by the various attending surgeons with whom you scrub. Note their preferences in suture materials, patient positioning, and other small details. Make it your practice to review this material before scrubbing on a case. Surgery is made up of thousands of small details. Note what works well, and what is less useful. Sooner than you might believe, you will be facing your board exams and working independently. When you do, this book will help you recall everything you have learned, and help you to determine your own technical preferences. We hope you will enjoy using this unique resource. We wel- come your comments or suggestions.

Jamal J. Hoballah Carol E.H. Scott-Conner

vii

Introduction

The second edition of this book, once again, seeks to put a world of technical information in your pocket, or OR locker. A total of 60 new operations have been added, expanding the content by more than 35%. A large number of endovascular procedures have been added in the second edition, reflecting the changes in the manage- ment of vascular pathology. The volume has two primary objectives. First, it is designed to serve as a source of model operative dictations that may be individualized and used as templates. Second, it is intended as an aide-memoir, giving the surgeon a short list of pertinent information about each procedure. Ample space is provided to allow each surgeon to add notes. By reviewing this introductory material before scrubbing on a procedure, the trainee surgeon will enter the operating room better prepared to participate actively and to learn as much as possible. At the end of training, this book, with the notes accumulated by the resident, will serve as an invaluable review resource analogous to the individualized notebooks many surgeons keep. The first edition was noted to be very valuable by graduating surgical trainees in preparation for the certifying exam of the American Board of Surgery. This book is also intended for practicing surgeons, who may modify each template to reflect their own individual practice. It also serves as a concise reminder of essential steps in those operations that may be only rarely performed. Here you will find concise summaries of 226 operations. This comprises the majority of procedures commonly performed by general and vascular surgeons. For each procedure, a list of common indications is given. This list is by no means exhaustive, but

ix x INTRODUCTION is intended to cover 95% of the situations in which a particular procedure will be used. A list of essential steps follows. These can be used to mentally rehearse the procedure before it is performed. The next heading, Note these technical variations, introduces a list that is intended to prompt the surgeon for particular things to note and dictate within the template. These particular things must be individualized – they range from fundamental variations such as a stapled vs. sutured anastomosis, through such details as type of suture or whether an autotransfusion device was used. A list of possible complications that are typically associated with that particular surgical procedure follows. Complications (such as myocardial infarction, bleeding, infection) which can follow any operative intervention are not listed unless they are characteristically more common alter that operation. Finally, a template operative dictation is provided. We believe that paper is cheap and time is precious, and have assumed that the reader of this part of the chapter wants completeness and con- venience. We have minimized the need to refer to other chapters by including all the parts of the operative note regardless of dupli- cation across chapters. To this end, we have included common opening and terminating sequences (for example, how to enter and close the abdomen) in all laparotomy dictations. (Although fundamental to any operative notes, comments regarding blood loss, fluid replacement, and instrument counts were not included in these templates to avoid redundancy.) More complicated procedures are more prone to variation, and we have tried to strike a balance between conciseness and completeness. Thus, under operative findings, we have enumerated those most pertinent to the procedure in question and prompted for additional findings. These surgery operative dictations are intended to be used in conjunction with the following texts by the editors: Scott-Conner CEH (ed). Chassin’s Operative Strategy in General Surgery, 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001. This detailed review of strategy in general surgery includes almost all of these procedures. The sections of the present book correspond directly to the sections of this text. Scott-Conner CEH (ed). Chassin’s Operative Strategy in Colon and Rectal Surgery. Springer-Verlag, New York, 2006. This provides additional information on laparoscopic colorectal procedures. Scott-Conner CEH (ed). The SAGES Manual: Fundamentals of Laparoscopy and GI Endoscopy. Springer-Verlag, New York, 2nd edition, 2006. Endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures are discussed in detail. INTRODUCTION xi

Scott-Conner CEH, Cuschieri A, Carter AF. Minimal Access Surgical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000. This text covers the anatomy of laparoscopic surgery in color plates and line drawings. Scott-Conner CEH, Dawson DL. Operative Anatomy, 3rd edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2009. The anatomy and technique of common procedures, including thoracic, vascular, and transplant, is covered. Lumley JSP, Hoballah JJ. Vascular Surgery. Springer Surgery Atlas Series. Springer, Heidelberg (forthcoming 2010). Hoballah, JJ. Vascular Reconstructions: Anatomy, Exposures, and Techniques. Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000. Step-by-step review of all common vascular reconstructions, along with basics of exposure and access, and technical tips. The vast majority of these chapters were written by surgical residents at the University of Iowa College of Medicine or the American University of Beirut. These residents are introduced to you on the pages which follow. The virtues of this book must accrue to them; any faults rest squarely with the section editor. The hard work and assistance of Ms. Katherine Carolan, the encour- agement of Laura Gillan who saw the first edition to fruition, and Richard Hruska and Elizabeth Orthmann who shepherded this second edition along, and the input of residents and colleagues is gratefully acknowledged.

Contents

Section I Esophagus 1 Esophagectomy: Right Thoracotomy and Laparotomy with Thoracic Anastomosis ...... 2 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 2 Esophagectomy: Right Thoracotomy and Laparotomy with Cervical Anastomosis ...... 8 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 3 Esophagogastrectomy ...... 14 Elizabeth A. Marshall, M.D. 4 Transhiatal Esophagectomy ...... 20 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 5 Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy ...... 25 Edward Y. Chan, M.D. and Edward H. Chin, M.D. 6 Transabdominal Nissen Fundoplication ...... 33 Linda P. Zhang, M.D. and Scott Q. Nguyen, M.D. 7 Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication ...... 38 Jessica K. Smith, M.D. 8 Transthoracic Collis Gastroplasty and Nissen Fundoplication ...... 45 Mark Shapiro, M.D. and Edward H. Chin, M.D. 9 Laparoscopic Collis Gastroplasty and Nissen Fundoplication ...... 50 Mohamad H. Alaeddine, M.D. and Bassem Y. Safadi, M.D.

xiii xiv CONTENTS

10 Cricopharyngeal Myotomy and Operation for Pharyngoesophageal (Zenker’s) Diverticulum ...... 55 Nabil Fuleihan, M.D. 11 Transoral Surgery for Zenker’s Diverticulum ...... 59 Nabil Fuleihan, M.D. 12 Esophagomyotomy for Achalasia and Diffuse Esophageal Spasm ...... 63 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 13 Laparoscopic Esophagomyotomy with Partial Fundoplication ...... 67 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. Section II Stomach and Duodenum 14 Gastrojejunostomy ...... 72 Lori K. Soni, M.D. 15 Proximal Gastric Vagotomy ...... 77 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 16 Truncal Vagotomy and Pyloroplasty ...... 82 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 17 Partial Gastrectomy with Billroth I Reconstruction ...... 87 Roy R. Danks, D.O. 18 Partial Gastrectomy with Billroth II Reconstruction ...... 92 Roy R. Danks, D.O. 19 Plication of Perforated Peptic Ulcer ...... 98 Georgios Tsoulfas, M.D. 20 Laparoscopic Plication of Perforated Ulcer ...... 102 Roy R. Danks, D.O. 21 Gastrostomy ...... 107 Philip M. Spanheimer, M.D. 22 Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy ...... 111 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 23 Distal Gastrectomy with D2 Nodal Dissection, Roux-en-Y Reconstruction for Cancer ...... 115 Hisakazu Hoshi, M.D. 24 Total Gastrectomy with D2 Nodal Dissection, Roux-en-Y Reconstruction, Feeding Tube Jejunostomy ...... 122 Hisakazu Hoshi, M.D. CONTENTS xv

25 Vertical Banded Gastroplasty ...... 128 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 26 Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding for Obesity ...... 133 Mohammad A. Hojeij, M.D. and Bassem Y. Safadi, M.D. 27 Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Obesity ...... 137 Yi-Horng Lee, M.D. 28 Laparoscopic Antecolic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Obesity ...... 142 Mohammad K. Jamal, M.D. 29 Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy...... 149 Mohamad H. Alaeddine, M.D. and Bassem Y. Safadi, M.D. 30 Simple Excision of Duodenal Diverticulum ...... 153 Roy R. Danks, D.O. 31 Transduodenal Excision of Duodenal Diverticulum ...... 157 Roy R. Danks, D.O. Section III Small Intestine and Appendix 32 Small Bowel Resection ...... 163 Ross Bengtson, M.D. 33 Laparoscopic Small Bowel Resection ...... 167 Walid Faraj, M.D., F.R.C.S. and Ahmad Zaghal, M.D. 34 Enterolysis for Intestinal Obstruction ...... 172 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 35 Laparoscopic Enterolysis for Small Bowel Obstruction ...... 176 Mohamad H. Alaeddine, M.D. and Bassem Y. Safadi, M.D. 36 Feeding Jejunostomy ...... 180 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 37 Appendectomy ...... 184 Lori K. Soni, M.D. 38 Laparoscopic Appendectomy ...... 189 Georgios Tsoulfas, M.D. 39 Resection of Meckel’s Diverticulum ...... 194 Ross Bengtson, M.D. xvi CONTENTS

Section IV Large Intestine 40 Right Hemicolectomy ...... 199 Simon Roh, M.D. and John C. Byrn, M.D. 41 Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy ...... 203 Faek R. Jamali, M.D. 42 Left Hemicolectomy ...... 209 Simon Roh, M.D. and John C. Byrn, M.D. 43 Laparoscopic Left Hemicolectomy ...... 214 Faek R. Jamali, M.D. 44 Low Anterior Resection ...... 220 Eanas S. Yassa, M.D. and John C. Byrn, M.D. 45 Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection ...... 225 Mohammad Khreiss, M.D. and Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis, M.D. 46 Abdominoperineal Resection ...... 231 Eanas S. Yassa, M.D. and John C. Byrn, M.D. 47 Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection ...... 236 Mohammad Khreiss, M.D. and Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis, M.D. 48 Subtotal Colectomy with Ileostomy and Hartmann’s Pouch...... 242 Samy Maklad, M.D. and John W. Cromwell, M.D. 49 Laparoscopic Subtotal Colectomy with Ileostomy and Hartmann’s Pouch...... 247 Maher A. Abbas, M.D. 50 Total Proctocolectomy with Ileoanal Reservoir and Ileoanal Anastomosis ...... 252 Danny Liu, M.D. and John W. Cromwell, M.D. 51 Laparoscopic Total Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch to Anal Canal Anastomosis with Diverting Loop Ileostomy ...... 257 Maher A. Abbas, M.D. 52 Total Proctocolectomy with Ileostomy ...... 264 Danny Liu, M.D. and John W. Cromwell, M.D. 53 Laparoscopic Total Proctocolectomy with End Ileostomy ...... 269 Maher A. Abbas, M.D. 54 End Ileostomy ...... 275 Emily Steinhagen, M.D. and Celia M. Divino, M.D. CONTENTS xvii

55 Loop Ileostomy ...... 280 Laura Doyon, M.D. and Kaare Weber, M.D. 56 Closure of Loop Ileostomy ...... 284 Walid Faraj, M.D., F.R.C.S. and Ahmad Zaghal, M.D. 57 Transverse Loop Colostomy ...... 288 Gary William Swain, Jr., M.D. and Scott Q. Nguyen, M.D. 58 Closure of Transverse Loop Colostomy ...... 292 Catherine Madorin, M.D. and Scott Q. Nguyen, M.D. 59 Subtotal Colectomy for Lower GI Bleeding ...... 296 Brian A. Coakley, M.D. and Celia M. Divino, M.D. 60 Hartmann’s Procedure ...... 302 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 61 Closure of Hartmann’s Procedure (Open) ...... 306 Samy Maklad, M.D. and John W. Cromwell, M.D. 62 Laparoscopic Closure of Hartmann’s Procedure ...... 311 Maher A. Abbas, M.D. 63 Sigmoidectomy and Rectopexy (Frykman-Goldberg Procedure) ...... 316 Sergy Khaitov, M.D. Section V Anus, Rectum, and Pilonidal Region 64 Rubber Band Ligation of Hemorrhoids...... 322 Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D. 65 Hemorrhoidectomy ...... 325 Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D. 66 Procedure for Prolapsed Hemorrhoids (Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy) ...... 329 Susan Skaff Hagen, M.D., M.S.P.H. 67 Drainage of Perirectal Abscess ...... 332 Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D. 68 Anorectal Fistulotomy ...... 335 Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D. 69 Anal Fistula Plug ...... 338 Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D. 70 Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy for Chronic Anal Fissure ...... 341 Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D. xviii CONTENTS

71 Anoplasty for Anal Stenosis ...... 343 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 72 Marsupialization of Pilonidal Sinus ...... 346 Daniel Calva-Cerqueira, M.D. 73 Excision and Primary Closure of Pilonidal Sinus ...... 349 Daniel Calva-Cerqueira, M.D. Section VI Hepatobiliary Tract 74 Cholecystectomy ...... 353 Jennifer E. Hrabe, M.D. 75 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ...... 357 Jennifer E. Hrabe, M.D. 76 Open Common Bile Duct Exploration ...... 362 Christopher Bunch, M.D. 77 Laparoscopic Exploration of Common Bile Duct ...... 367 Walid Faraj, M.D., F.R.C.S. and Ahmad Zaghal, M.D. 78 Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy or Choledochojejunostomy ...... 372 Susan Skaff Hagen, M.D., M.S.P.H. 79 Carcinoma of Hepatic Duct Bifurcation ...... 378 Rajesh Shetty, M.D. and Thomas E. Collins, M.D. 80 Hepatic Wedge Resection ...... 384 Georgios Tsoulfas, M.D. 81 Right Hepatic Lobectomy ...... 388 Georgios Tsoulfas, M.D. 82 Left Hepatic Lobectomy ...... 393 Georgios Tsoulfas, M.D. 83 Packing of Liver Injury with Damage Control Laparotomy ...... 398 Mohammad Khreiss, M.D. and Bellal A. Joseph, M.D. Section VII Pancreas 84 Partial Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure) ...... 404 Prashant Khullar, M.D. 85 Total Pancreaticoduodenectomy ...... 411 Prashant Khullar, M.D. CONTENTS xix

86 Distal Pancreatectomy ...... 418 Prashant Khullar, M.D. 87 Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy ...... 423 Prashant Khullar, M.D. 88 Pancreatic Cystogastrostomy ...... 428 Prashant Khullar, M.D. 89 Pancreaticojejunostomy (Puestow Procedure) ...... 433 Kevin A. Bridge, M.D., M.S.P.H Section VIII Spleen 90 Splenectomy (Open) for Disease ...... 439 Charles H. Mosher, M.D. 91 Laparoscopic Splenectomy ...... 443 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 92 Splenectomy for Trauma ...... 447 Charles H. Mosher, M.D. 93 Partial Splenectomy ...... 451 Charles H. Mosher, M.D. 94 Splenorrhaphy ...... 455 Charles H. Mosher, M.D. Section IX Hernia Repairs and Surgery for Necrotizing Fasciitis 95 Bassini Repair of Inguinal Hernia ...... 460 Jessemae L. Welsh, M.D. 96 Shouldice Repair of Inguinal Hernia ...... 465 Evgeny V. Arshava, M.D. 97 McVay Repair of Inguinal Hernia ...... 471 Peter C. Fretz, M.D. 98 Mesh Repair of Inguinal Hernia...... 476 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 99 Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) ...... 481 Jessica K. Smith, M.D. 100 Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP)...... 486 Jessica K. Smith, M.D. xx CONTENTS

101 Repair of Femoral Hernia...... 492 Jessemae L . Welsh, M.D. 102 Ventral Hernia Repair ...... 496 Peter C. Fretz, M.D. 103 Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair ...... 499 Susan Skaff Hagen, M.D., M.S.P.H. 104 Operations for Infected Abdominal Wound Dehiscence and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection of the Abdominal Wall ...... 504 Kristen C. Sihler, M.D. Section X Breast 105 Breast Biopsy ...... 509 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 106 Breast Ultrasound-Guided Core Biopsy or Cyst Aspiration ...... 513 Kevin A. Bridge, M.D., M.S.P.H. 107 Excision of Ducts ...... 517 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 108 Needle-Localized Breast Biopsy ...... 520 Abdi Ahari, M.D. 109 Lumpectomy (Partial Mastectomy) and Axillary Node Dissection ...... 524 Abdi Ahari, M.D. 110 Axillary Sentinel Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer ...... 529 Michael Bonebrake, M.D. 111 Modified Radical Mastectomy ...... 533 Michael C. Fraterelli, M.D. 112 Total (Simple) Mastectomy ...... 538 Michael C. Fraterelli, M.D. 113 Skin-Sparing Total Mastectomy ...... 542 Julie Guidroz, M.D. 114 Placement of Balloon Catheter for Brachytherapy ...... 545 Julie Guidroz, M.D. Section XI Lymph Nodes 115 Sentinel Node Biopsy for Melanoma ...... 550 Michael Bonebrake, M.D. CONTENTS xxi

116 Superficial Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection...... 554 Michael Bonebrake, M.D. 117 Excision of Melanoma ...... 558 Michael Bonebrake, M.D. 118 Inguinal and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy (Superficial and Deep Groin Dissection) ...... 561 Hisakazu Hoshi, M.D. Section XII Head and Neck 119 Superficial Parotidectomy ...... 566 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. 120 Thyroid Lobectomy ...... 570 Joshua R. French, M.D., and James Howe, M.D. 121 Total Thyroidectomy ...... 574 Joshua R. French, M.D. and James Howe, M.D. 122 Parathyroidectomy for Adenoma ...... 579 Joshua R. French, M.D. and James Howe, M.D. 123 Radioisotope-Guided Parathyroidectomy ...... 583 Joshua R. French, M.D. and James Howe, M.D. 124 Parathyroidectomy for Secondary or Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ...... 587 Joshua R. French, M.D. and James Howe, M.D. 125 Cricothyroidotomy ...... 591 Amy Bobis Stanfill, M.D. 126 Tracheostomy ...... 594 Amy Bobis Stanfill, M.D. 127 Percutaneous Tracheostomy ...... 598 Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D. Section XIII Miscellaneous Procedures 128 Placement of Subclavian Central Venous Catheter ...... 603 Amy Bobis Stanfill, M.D. 129 Ultrasound-Guided Placement of Subclavian Central Venous Catheter ...... 607 Timothy D. Light, M.D. 130 Placement of Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheter ...... 611 Amy Bobis Stanfill, M.D. xxii CONTENTS

131 Ultrasound-Guided Placement of Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheter ...... 615 Timothy D. Light, M.D. 132 Renal Transplantation ...... 620 Susan Skaff Hagen, M.D., M.S.P.H. 133 Left Adrenalectomy ...... 626 Faek R. Jamali, M.D. 134 Laparoscopic Left Adrenalectomy ...... 631 Faek R. Jamali, M.D. 135 Right Adrenalectomy ...... 635 Faek R. Jamali, M.D. 136 Laparoscopic Right Adrenalectomy ...... 640 Faek R. Jamali, M.D. 137 Insertion of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter ...... 644 Philip M. Spanheimer, M.D. and Thomas E. Collins, M.D. 138 Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair (Herniotomy) ...... 648 Graeme Pitcher, M.B.B.Ch. 139 Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy ...... 654 Graeme Pitcher, M.B.B.Ch. 140 Pediatric Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication ...... 659 Joel Shilyansky, M.D. Section XIV Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease 141 Carotid Endarterectomy ...... 666 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 142 Carotid Endarterectomy Using the Eversion Technique ...... 670 Dale Maharaj, M.D. and R. Clement Darling III, M.D. 143 Redo Carotid Endarterectomy ...... 674 David C. Corry, M.D. and Mark Adelman, M.D. 144 Carotid Artery Balloon Angioplasty and Stenting ...... 680 Munier M.S. Nazzal, M.D. 145 Carotid Subclavian Bypass ...... 686 Julie Freischlag, M.D. and John Lane, M.D. 146 Carotid Subclavian Transposition ...... 690 Julie Freischlag, M.D. and John Lane, M.D. CONTENTS xxiii

147 Vertebral Artery Reconstruction ...... 694 David C. Corry, M.D. and Mark Adelman, M.D. 148 Subclavian Artery Angioplasty Stenting ...... 700 Rabih Houbballah, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 149 Aorto-Innominate Artery Bypass ...... 703 Christian Bianchi, M.D. and Jeffrey L. Ballard, M.D. 150 Innominate/Common Carotid Artery Angioplasty Stenting Using Hybrid Open Technique ...... 708 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. Section XV Mesenteric and Renal Artery Occlusive Disease 151 Antegrade Aortoceliac/Mesenteric Bypass for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia ...... 712 Roderick T.A. Chalmers, M.D. 152 Celiac and SMA Stenting ...... 716 Raphael C. Sun, M.D. 153 Superior Mesenteric Artery Embolectomy with Primary/Patch Closure for Acute Embolic Mesenteric Ischemia ...... 719 Roderick T. A. Chalmers, M.D. 154 Superior Mesenteric Artery Thrombectomy with Retrograde Aortomesenteric Bypass for Acute Thrombotic Mesenteric Ischemia ...... 723 Roderick T.A. Chalmers, M.D. 155 Bilateral Aortorenal Bypass ...... 727 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 156 Hepatorenal Artery Bypass ...... 732 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 157 Transaortic Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Artery Endarterectomy ...... 736 Christian Bianchi, M.D. and Jeffrey L. Ballard, M.D. 158 Transaortic Renal Artery Endarterectomy ...... 740 Christian Bianchi, M.D. and Jeffrey L. Ballard, M.D. 159 Renal Artery Angioplasty and Stenting ...... 744 F. Ezequiel Parodi, M.D. and Murray L. Shames, M.D. xxiv CONTENTS

Section XVI Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease 160 Thoracofemoral Bypass ...... 749 Kelly S.A. Blair, M.D. and Hisham Bassiouny, M.D. 161 Aortobifemoral Bypass...... 755 Rabih A. Houbballah, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 162 Retroperitoneal Aortofemoral Bypass ...... 763 Kelly S.A. Blair, M.D. and Hisham Bassiouny, M.D. 163 Axillobifemoral Bypass ...... 769 Kelly S.A. Blair, M.D. and Hisham Bassiouny, M.D. 164 Iliofemoral Bypass ...... 774 Munier M.S. Nazzal, M.D. 165 Femorofemoral Bypass ...... 778 Munier M.S. Nazzal, M.D. 166 Iliac Artery Angioplasty and Stenting ...... 782 F. Ezequiel Parodi, M.D. and Murray L. Shames, M.D. Section XVII Infrainguinal Occlusive Disease 167 Femoropopliteal Bypass with PTFE Graft ...... 787 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 168 Femoroinfrapopliteal PTFE Bypass with Adjunctive AVF or Vein Cuff ...... 791 Sujata Subramanian, M.D., Keith D. Calligaro, M.D., and Matthew J. Dougherty, M.D. 169 Femoroposterior Tibial Bypass with Reversed Greater Saphenous Vein...... 795 Rabih Houbballah, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 170 Femoroanterior Tibial Bypass with Nonreversed Greater Saphenous Vein...... 800 Sung Woon Chung, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 171 In Situ Femoroperoneal Bypass ...... 805 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 172 Femoroplantar Composite Vein Bypass ...... 810 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 173 Superficial Femoral Artery/Popliteal Artery/Tibial Angioplasty Stenting ...... 814 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. CONTENTS xxv

174 Midbypass Revision ...... 819 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 175 Distal Bypass Revision ...... 823 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 176 Bypass Stenosis Angioplasty...... 827 Fady F. Haddad, M.D. and Ahmad Zaghal, M.D. Section XVIII Thromboembolectomy 177 Aortic Saddle Embolus ...... 832 Theodore H. Teruya, M.D., and Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam, M.D. 178 Lower-Extremity Thromboembolectomy ...... 836 Jason Chiriano, D.O. and Theodore H. Teruya, M.D. 179 Upper-Extremity Thromboembolectomy ...... 842 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. Section XIX Aneurysmal Disease 180 Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair ...... 846 John W. York, M.D. and Samuel R. Money, M.D. 181 Thoracic Endovascular Repair (TEVAR) for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm ...... 853 Parth B. Amin, M.D. 182 Creation of Iliac Conduit Prior to Tevar/Evar ...... 856 Sung Woon Chung, M.D., and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 183 Percutaneous Fenestration and Stenting of Complicated Acute Type B Aortic Dissections ...... 858 Mel J. Sharafuddin, M.D. 184 Elective Transabdominal Replacement of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ...... 864 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 185 Left Posterolateral Retroperitoneal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair ...... 870 Dale Maharaj, M.D. and R. Clement Darling III, M.D. 186 Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair with the Gore Excluder Endograft ...... 874 Cassius Iyad Ochoa Chaar, M.D., M.S. and Michel S. Makaroun, M.D. xxvi CONTENTS

187 EVAR Using the Powerlink Device ...... 879 Parth B. Amin, M.D. 188 Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair with the Cook Zenith or Zenith Flex Endograft ...... 882 Fady F. Haddad, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 189 Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (Talent-Bifurcated Graft) ...... 888 F. Ezequiel Parodi, M.D. and Murray L . Shames, M.D. 190 Internal Iliac Artery Embolisation ...... 894 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 191 Transabdominal Replacement of Ruptured Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ...... 898 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 192 Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ...... 904 Manish Mehta, M.D., M.P.H. 193 Open Repair/Ligation of Splenic Artery Aneurysm...... 911 Houssein Haidar Ahmad, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D, M.B.A. 194 Replacement of Common Femoral Aneurysm with PTFE Graft ...... 914 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 195 Ligation of Popliteal Aneurysm: Femoropopliteal/Tibial Reversed Vein Bypass ...... 918 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 196 Endovascular Treatment of Popliteal Artery Aneurysm...... 923 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. Section XX Venous Disorders 197 Stripping of the Greater Saphenous Vein and Stab Avulsion of Branch Varicosities ...... 929 Michael S. Connors III, M.D. and Samuel R. Money, M.D. 198 Endovenous Ablation of Varicose Veins ...... 933 Dale Maharaj, M.D., Kathleen J. Ozsvath, M.D., and R. Clement Darling III, M.D. CONTENTS xxvii

199 Femorofemoral Vein Bypass (Palma Procedure) ...... 936 Munier M.S. Nazzal, M.D. 200 Venous Thrombectomy for Iliofemoral DVT Using Mechanical Devices and Lysis ...... 940 Chad Laurich, M.D. 201 Endovenous Recanalization for Chronic Occlusion or Stenosis, May-Thurner Syndrome ...... 943 Chad Laurich, M.D. 202 Inferior Vena Cava Filters ...... 946 F. Ezequiel Parodi, M.D. and Murray L. Shames, M.D. Section XXI Creation of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Dialysis 203 Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis ...... 951 Christopher Bunch, M.D. 204 Creation of Brachiocephalic Fistula ...... 955 Christopher Bunch, M.D. 205 Creation of Brachiobasilic Fistula: Basilic Vein Transposition ...... 957 Mazen M. Hashisho, M.D. 206 PTFE Forearm Graft for Hemodialysis ...... 960 Mazen M. Hashisho, M.D. 207 Creation of Upper-Arm Prosthetic Arteriovenous Grafts ...... 964 Christopher Bunch, M.D. 208 Distal Revascularization and Interval Ligation (DRIL) ...... 968 Simon Roh, M.D. 209 Revision Using Distal Inflow (RUDI) ...... 972 Simon Roh, M.D. 210 Pharmacologic/Mechanical Lytic Therapy for Occluded Dialysis Access ...... 976 Eanas S. Yassa, M.D. Section XXII Sympathectomy 211 Supraclavicular Cervical Sympathectomy ...... 981 Mario Martinasevic, M.D. xxviii CONTENTS

212 Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy ...... 985 Pierre Sfeir, M.D. 213 Lumbar Sympathectomy ...... 989 Mario Martinasevic, M.D. Section XXIII Amputations 214 Above-Knee Amputation ...... 992 Maen S. Aboul Hosn, M.D. 215 Below-Knee Amputation ...... 996 Maen S. Aboul Hosn, M.D. 216 Transmetatarsal Foot Amputation ...... 1000 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 217 Transmetatarsal (Ray) Toe Amputation ...... 1002 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 218 Transphalyngeal Toe Amputation ...... 1004 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. Section XXIV Miscellaneous Procedures 219 Supraclavicular Resection of Cervical Rib/First Thoracic Rib ...... 1008 Ismail Mohamad Khalil, M.D. 220 Transaxillary First Rib Resection ...... 1013 William J. Sharp, M.D. 221 Surgical Repair of Femoral Pseudoaneurysm ...... 1017 Gregory A. Carlson, M.D. 222 Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Obliteration of Common Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm with Thrombin Injection ...... 1019 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 223 Surgical Repair of Femoral Arteriovenous Fistula ...... 1021 Gregory A. Carlson, M.D. 224 Four-Quadrant Fasciotomy...... 1023 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 225 Split-Thickness Skin Graft ...... 1025 Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. 226 Temporal Artery Biopsy ...... 1027 Jean Salem, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A. Index ...... 1029 Contributors

Maher A. Abbas, MD Regional Colon and Rectal Surgery, SCPMG Director, Permanente National Center of Excellence Chair, Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam, MD Department of Cardio Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA Maen S. Aboul Hosn, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Mark Adelman, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Abdi Ahari, MD General Surgery, Mason City Clinic, Mason City, IA, USA Houssein Haidar Ahmad, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Mohamad H. Alaeddine, MD Department of Surgery/Division of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Parth B. Amin, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Evgeny V. Arshava, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA Jeffrey L. Ballard, MD Division of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA

xxix xxx CONTRIBUTORS

Hisham Bassiouny, MD Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Ross Bengtson, MD Department of General Surgery, St. Joseph’s Medical Center, Brainerd, MN, USA Christian Bianchi, MD Division of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA Kelly S.A. Blair, MD Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Michael Bonebrake, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinic, Iowa City, IA, USA Kevin A. Bridge, MD, MSPH Department of General Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Christopher Bunch, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, Essentia Health System/Duluth Clinic, Duluth, MN, USA John C. Byrn, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Keith D. Calligaro, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA Daniel Calva-Cerqueira, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Gregory A. Carlson, MD Memorial Health System, Colorado Springs, CO, USA Cassius Iyad Ochoa Chaar, MD, MS Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Roderick T.A. Chalmers, MD Vascular Surgical Service, Royal Inﬁrmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Edward Y. Chan, MD Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA Edward H. Chin, MD Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Jason Chiriano, DO Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA Sung Woon Chung, MD Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea CONTRIBUTORS xxxi

Brian A. Coakley, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Thomas E. Collins, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Michael S. Connors III, MD Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, USA David C. Corry, MD Department of Vascular/Endovascular Surgery, Memorial Health System, Colorado Springs, CO, USA John W. Cromwell, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA Roy R. Danks, DO School of Medicine, St. Lukes Health System, Cushing Memorial Hospital, Leavenworth, KS, USA R. Clement Darling III, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, NY, USA Celia M. Divino, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Matthew J. Dougherty, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA Laura Doyon, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA Walid Faraj, MD, FRCS Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Michael C. Fraterelli, MD Department of Surgery, Medical Center of Aurora, Aurora, CO, USA Julie Freischlag, MD Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Joshua R. French, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Peter C. Fretz, MD Department of Urology, Elkhart General Hospital, Elkhart, IN, USA Nabil Fuleihan, MD Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Julie Guidroz, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA xxxii CONTRIBUTORS

Fady F. Haddad, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Susan Skaff Hagen, MD, MSPH Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Mazen M. Hashisho, MD Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Hospital, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA Jamal J. Hoballah, MD, MBA Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, USA Mohammad A. Hojeij, MD Department of Surgery/Division of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Hisakazu Hoshi, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine and Surgical Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Rabih Houbballah, MD Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France James Howe, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Jennifer E. Hrabe, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA Mohammad K. Jamal, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Faek R. Jamali, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Bellal A. Joseph, MD Department of Surgery Section of Trauma, Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Sergy Khaitov, MD Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA Ismail Mohamad Khalil, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon CONTRIBUTORS xxxiii

Mohammad Khreiss, MD Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Prashant Khullar, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa city, IA, USA [email protected] John Lane, MD Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA Chad Laurich, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Yi-Horng Lee, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Timothy D. Light, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Danny Liu, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, MD Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee School of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, USA Catherine Madorin, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA Dale Maharaj, MBBS Caribbean Vascular and Vein Clinic, St. Clair Medical Center, St. Clair, Trinidad Michel S. Makaroun, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Samy Maklad, MD Department of General Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Elizabeth A. Marshall, MD University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Mario Martinasevic, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Manish Mehta, MD, MPH The Institute for Vascular Heath and Disease, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, NY, USA Samuel R. Money, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, USA xxxiv CONTRIBUTORS

Charles H. Mosher, MD University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA Munier M.S. Nazzal, MD Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA Scott Q. Nguyen, MD Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Kathleen J. Ozsvath, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, NY, USA F. Ezequiel Parodi, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Graeme Pitcher, MBBCh University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Simon Roh, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Bassem Y. Safadi, MD Department of Surgery/Division of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Jean Salem, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA Pierre Sfeir, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Murray L. Shames, MD Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Mark Shapiro, MD Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Mount Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Mel J. Sharafuddin, MD Department of Surgery and Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA William J. Sharp, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Rajesh Shetty, MD Organ Transplant Centre, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA CONTRIBUTORS xxxv

Joel Shilyansky, MD Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA Kristen C. Sihler, MD, MS Departments of General Surgery, Trauma, and Critical Care, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA Jessica K. Smith, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Lori K. Soni, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Philip M. Spanheimer, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Amy Bobis Stanﬁll, MD Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Illinois, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA Emily Steinhagen, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Sujata Subramanian, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA USA Raphael C. Sun, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Gary William Swain, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA Theodore H. Teruya, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis, MD Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Georgios Tsoulfas, MD Department of Surgery, Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Kaare Weber, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA Jessemae L. Welsh, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA xxxvi CONTRIBUTORS

Eanas S. Yassa, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA John W. York, MD Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, USA Ahmad Zaghal, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Linda P. Zhang, MD Department of General Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA