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Assessment of Production and Marketing System of Goats in Dale District, Sidama Zone

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Assessment of Production and Marketing System of Goats in Dale District, Sidama Zone View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CGSpace Assessment of Production and Marketing System of Goats In Dale District, Sidama Zone Endeshaw Assefa M.Sc Thesis In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Animal Production Submitted to The School of Graduate Studies Department of Animal Production and Range Sciences AWASSA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF HAWASSA AWASSA, ETHIOPIA June 2007Awassa Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest gratitude and heartfelt thanks to my advisor, Dr Girma Abebe, for his invaluable comments, supports and follow up from the preparation of the proposal up to the end of the research work. His careful follow up and guidance through out the study period has contributed a lot to cover and complete timely the wider area coverage of the study site. I also extend my sincere thanks to my co-advisor, Dr Yosef T/ Georgis, for his support in providing valuable comments through out the study period and his important guidance during data analysis. Also my heart felt thanks extended to my co advisors Dr Azage Tegegne and Dr Berhanu G/ Medhin for their follow up, guidance and support in providing invaluable comments and suggestions throughout my study period. Sidama Zone Agricultural and Rural Development Coordination Office is highly acknowledged for the material and. facility support and follow-up of the study. I would like to express again my deepest and heartfelt thanks to Shebedino Agricultural and Rural Development Coordination Office for their support in providing transport, materials and all rounded support from the very beginning of the study period up to the end. Agricultural and Rural Development Coordination Offices in Dale, Wonsho and Loka Abaya districts, the development agents and experts of the three districts, as well as all participated farmers deserve my deepest appreciation for their unreserved cooperation and collaboration during the study. The study was carried out through the financial support of the IPMS project. I would like to thank the project coordinators who facilitated this opportunity for researchers and graduate fellows. Also my thanks extended to Ato Ketema Yilma and all the IPMS staff in ILRI and at Dale Pilot Learning Woreda for their wholehearted support during field works and office activities. Abbreviations used in the text SSA Sub Saharan Africa MoA Ministry of Agriculture CSA Central statistics Authority SNNPRS Southern Nations Nationalities and peoples Regional State WAD West African Dwarf FAO Food and Agricultural Organization IMPACT International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade AFRCSM Sub Moist SH Sub Humid IPMS Improving Productivity and Marketing Success KA Kebele Administration Fig Figure Eg Example TLU Tropical Livestock Unit AFM Age at First Mating AFK Age at first Kidding WA Weaning Age AKI Average Kidding Interval LS Litter Size Masl meter above sea level No Number Km Kilometer LIST OF TABLES IN THE APPENDIX Appendix table 1 analysis of variance of age of the household – Page number Appendix table 2 Analysis of variance of variance of family size comparison by Agro eco logy Appendix table 3 Analysis of variance of livestock holdings comparison in Agro ecology Appendix table 4 Analysis of variance for Goat holdings comparison among agro ecologies Appendix table 5 Analysis of variance for Reproductive performances in the three agro ecological zones as responded by farmers Appendix table 6 Analysis of variance for Litter size and parity among agro ecologies Appendix table 7 Analysis of variance for growth results from flock monitoring Appendix table 8 Questionnaire for diagnostic survey of production system Appendix table 9 Check list for Rapid Marketing Analysis (RMA) List of Tables Table 1 Age of the household – Page number Table 2 Family size and land holdings in two three-agro ecologies Table 3 Mean livestock holdings per household Table 4 Number of Goats per household Table 5 Goats and sheep numbers per household before two year and of present as recalled by flock holders Table 6 Months with the highest number of birth Table 7 Mean values for various reproductive parameters. Table 8 Litter size and parity of goats Table 9 Age at first service for backs. Table 10 percentages of farmers that use different sources of breeding bucks Table 11 Reasons for keeping bucks Table 12 Goat milking and milk unitization percentage. Table 13 percentage of respondents indicating feeds sources available for goats Table 14 Shrubs and frees commonly fed to goats in the three agro ecologies. Table 15 Months with surplus feed Table 16 Months for the shortage of feeds Table 17 Management systems Table 18 the responsibility of family members in goat management Table 19 Water sources during wet season Table 20 Water sources during dry season Table 21 Dry season distances Table 22 Wet season distances Table 23 Watering frequencies Table 24 Problems related to health and disease control Table 25 Common distance of the area Table 26 Months of the highest goat mortality Table 27 Type of goats sold in the last 12 months and the place of sales Table 28 the highest around lowest price of goats in type and age estimated by responders List of Figures Figure 1 respondent by age and level of education …………Page Figure 2 Income sources of households…………………………………………….. Figure 3 ………….. Figure 4 Figure 5 Typical goal flocks in moist kola (Loka Abaya)……………………………. Figure 6 Purpose of keeping goats…………………………………………………….. Figure 7 Experience of farmers in goat husbandry …………………………………… Figure 8 Criteria for culling goats………………………………………………………. Figure 9 Criteria for selecting bucks …………………………………………………… Figure 10 Lactating doe taken from a flock at moist kola district Figure 11 Goats being looked after by midwife during supplementary gazing Figure 12 Problems affecting the expansion of goat production Figure 13 Castrate goats fattened by goat holder (Loka Abaya) Figure 14 Assessing body conditions of goats in the market Figure 15 reasons for selling goats Figure 16 Old doe with triplet kinds (moist kola Loka Abaya district) Assessment on Production and Marketing System of Goats in Dale District, Sidama Zone Endeshaw Assefa (BSc) Advisors: Girma Abebe (PhD); Azage Tegegne (PhD); Berhanu G/ Medhin and Yosef T/Georgis Abstract Production system and marketing study was undertaken using on 120 sample households to identify and describing goat production systems, to determine production potentials, opportunities and challenges of goat’s production and to describe marketing systems. Three The households were drawn from different location and represented three agro-ecologies; Moist Weyina Dega, Dega and Moist Kola. Sampled households were interviewed on socio economic characteristics, flock structure, reproductive performances of goats, feed resources and feeding, routine husbandry management systems and marketing using a pre-tested formal questionnaire. Flock monitoring to identify off take and acquisitions like birth, purchase, transfer and disposal like sales, slaughter, death was carried out for about seven months (September to March). Three primary, one secondary and one terminal markets were studied at Dale, Tula and Hawasa, respectively using Rapid Marketing Appraisal (RMA) technique. The average family size was 7.5± . 247 per household, out of which 5.6% of the households were females and there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in family size among the three-agro ecologies. About 75 % of interviewed male households and 50% female households were literate. The overall mean livestock holdings was 13.1 ±1.16. Among the three-agro ecologies, the average livestock holdings in Moist Kola was significantly higher than in Moist Weyina Dega and Dega. The overall mean goat holdings per household was 5.98 and there is a wider range of variations in flock sizes in agro-ecologies??. The overall mean AWA, AFM, AFK, AKI, was 5.2, 9.7, 14.9, 8.6 and 16 months, respectively. Overall mean litter size was 2.07 and lifetime kidding age (parity) was 13.2 months. AWA in Moist Dega was 6.47± 45 , and was significantly longer (p<0.05) than in Moist Weyina Dega and Moist Kola. Similarly, the average AFM was 16.13 months in Moist Dega, and was significantly longer (P<0.05) than in Moist Kola but. Moist Weyina Dega was intermediate of the two-agro ecologies. AKI was 8.56, 7.27 and 8.57 months in Moist Dega, Moist Weyina Dega and Moist Kola, respectively and varied significant (P<0.05) among the three agro ecologies. Mean LS for Moist Kola and Moist Weyina Dega was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of Moist Dega. Goats in Moist Kola have shown long lifetime kidding or parity (P) of 16.27 years, which is significantly longer (P<0.05) than that of the other two agro- ecologies. Feed resources for goats varied among agro ecologies. Shrubs and trees are the major feed sources for free foraging goats in the Moist Kola but, feeds from crop by products, crop residues, enset and fruit parts, vegetables and chat leftovers are the main feed sources for tethered and herded goats of Moist Weyina Dega and Dega. Lack of feed, diseases and marketing are the major constraints affecting goat’s production. The increasing demand for goat meat, the awareness of rural goat herder about the current price and willingness and attempt to carry out small scale goat fattening activities to utilize the current goat market, the conduciveness of the environment and sufficient man power in the three agro ecologies are the encouraging opportunities to improve goats production and marketing. Key words Goats, Agro ecology, Reproductive performances, litter size, kidding interval, age at first mating, Parity, Feed resources, crop residue, bushes and shrubs 1. Introduction Goats account for about 30% of Africa's ruminant livestock and contribute to about 17 and 12% of the total meat and milk production, respectively.
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