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Étude Des Parlements Irlandais (1910-1948) Ugo Ryckman

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Étude Des Parlements Irlandais (1910-1948) Ugo Ryckman Étude des parlements irlandais (1910-1948) Ugo Ryckman To cite this version: Ugo Ryckman. Étude des parlements irlandais (1910-1948). Literature. 2019. dumas-02393214 HAL Id: dumas-02393214 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02393214 Submitted on 4 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MEMOIRE DE MASTER UNIVERSITE DE PAU ET DES PAYS DE L’ADOUR Collège Sciences Humaines et Humanités PSDDA Recherches Anglophones Ugo RYCKMAN Sous la direction de Joana Etchart ETUDE DES PARLEMENTS IRLANDAIS (1910-1948) Année universitaire 2018-2019 Mémoire de master 1 Spécialité : Études Irlandaises 2 CONTENT PRESENTATION OF THE CREATION PROCESS ........................................................................ 5 WORKS EXPLOITED ............................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 12 Introduction to the plan ........................................................................................... 19 I. PROCESS OF CREATION OF THE PARLIAMENTS ....................................................... 23 1. PARLIAMENTARY CONTEXT ........................................................................................... 23 A. Changes in Westminster ...................................................................................... 23 B. Ulster and Home Rule ......................................................................................... 32 C. Study of the Easter Rising ................................................................................... 36 2. THE “SETTLEMENT” OF THE IRISH QUESTION .............................................................. 47 A. The Voting system in NI and in SI (1920) Government of Ireland Act ............... 47 B. Final features of the Parliaments (Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921) ............................. 51 II. A UNIONIST STATE .............................................................................................................. 55 1. INHERITORS OF THE HOME RULE VISION ...................................................................... 55 A. The Irish parliamentary Party............................................................................. 55 B. Nationalism as the Opposition in Stormont (1925-1933) ................................... 59 C. Parliamentary Representation in Northern Ireland (1920-1929) ...................... 61 2. UNIONISM AND STORMONT ............................................................................................. 66 A. The Ulster Unionist Party ................................................................................... 66 B. Establishing a majority ....................................................................................... 69 3. ACTIVITY IN STORMONT ................................................................................................. 73 A. Method of Voting and Gerrymandering .............................................................. 73 B. Special Powers Act .............................................................................................. 85 3 III. THE WAY TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE ........................................................................ 96 1. THE NEW GENERATION ................................................................................................... 96 A. Sinn Féin ............................................................................................................. 96 B. Cumann na nGaedheal (1923-1932) ................................................................... 98 C. Fianna Fáil (1932-1948) .................................................................................. 103 2. SOUTHERN IRISH POLICY TOWARDS THE TREATY ....................................................... 107 A. Cumann na nGaedheal ...................................................................................... 108 B. De Valera & Fianna Fail: turning down the Treaty ......................................... 113 C. Costello & the Coalition Government .............................................................. 122 Questioning over the goals of the Unionists and Nationalists .............................. 131 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 133 Opening question ................................................................................................... 135 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 137 PRIMARY SOURCES: .......................................................................................................... 137 SECONDARY SOURCES: ..................................................................................................... 140 Articles ................................................................................................................... 140 Books...................................................................................................................... 142 Websites ................................................................................................................. 144 Official Southern Irish Websites ............................................................................ 144 Official Northern Irish Websites ............................................................................ 144 Official British Websites ........................................................................................ 144 University Websites and others ............................................................................. 144 4 PRESENTATION OF THE CREATION PROCESS This year of research has led me to a better understanding of my thinking and creation process. The determination of the subject of this dissertation has been laborious and has confronted with my ambitions. It took about three months to define the subject and made me realise that covering a period of almost a century was too tricky and much too ambitious. The initial subject “The way towards Independence: Ireland in the 20th century” would be abandoned. The initial ambitions I had when starting this year was to study the role of economics, politics, culture and social clashes in the freeing of Ireland from British rule. Influenced by the study of the British Mandate in Palestine realised the year before, the subject mentioned above was meant to link the policy of the British in Palestine and in Ireland. The dominion status of Ireland was much different from the mandate status of Palestine. The British policy thus differed. Furthermore, the relations between Great Britain and Ireland and Great Britain and Palestine were in no point comparable. Also, the subject covered vague subjects that would have been hard to grasp in one year of time. It also required an important upstream work. Considering this evolution in my thinking process, this dissertation has helped me to improve my objectivity as a researcher and moved me to put things into perspective. A semester in Coleraine, Northern Ireland, had already settled the basis of a nuanced point of view since. The confrontation to an unknown history of Ireland exposed me to the question of Irishness and of Britishness. Facing those elements, a retrospective was required to find a guiding principle to the making of the dissertation. My first approach to British politics being the study of the parliaments, I tried and applied it to the readings and researches. Since Home Rule and the question of parliamentary representation were evoked in the works studied, I had a hint on what direction to take. “The Unresolved Question” written by Nicholas Mansergh would be the keystone of my thinking process. The separation of each event and the scrutinizing of the Anglo-Irish relations made by Mansergh in this work has helped me to grasp and differentiate the different issues of Parliamentary Representation. After gathering information on the Irish political landscape from the 19th century until the mid-20th century, on the relations between Ireland and Great Britain and on the internal conflicts to Ireland, the plan began to set itself up. First, it was composed of a part studying the creation process of the parliaments in Ireland and of a part studying debates in Ireland. The second part studied the debates that took place in the Irish Parliaments. The third part was supposed to study the use of the Southern parliament by diverse 5 governments. However, it was too close to the second and nuancing had to be brought into it. Thanks to an advice provided by Mrs Etchart – the dissertation supervisor – the plan would be modified. It was indeed the case of de Valera that she oriented me towards, helping me to study the use of the parliaments through a critical prism. Hence, Cosgrave would be studied through the stagnation of his party and the successive transmission of
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