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Aquatic Safety Assessment & Recommendations

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Aquatic Safety Assessment & Recommendations Aquatic Safety Assessment & Recommendations Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Issued: February 27, 2008 Authors: B. Chris Brewster Joe McManus James Hamilton McCrady V Giovanni J. Serrano REPORT AUTHORS B. Chris Brewster ([email protected]) serves as President of the United States Lifesaving Association (www.usla.org), Lifesaving Commissioner of the International Life Saving Federation (www.ilsf.org), President of the Americas Region of the ILS, and Vice-President of the ILS. He is the former Lifeguard Chief and Harbormaster of the City of San Diego, with 22 years of service as a professional ocean lifeguard. He is a Knight in the Order of Lifesaving of the International Life Saving Federation, a Life Member of the United States Lifesaving Association, and a Life Member of the California Surf Lifesaving Association. Brewster is editor of Open Water Lifesaving, The United States Lifesaving Association Manual (2003), The United States Lifesaving Association Manual of Open Water Lifesaving (1995), Guidelines for Open Water Lifeguard Training and Standards (1993), and Guidelines for Training and Standards of Aquatic Rescue Response Teams (1996). He is a contributor to Lifeguard Effectiveness – A Report of a Working Group, issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2001), the Handbook on Drowning (2006), and Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments, issued by the World Health Organization (2005 and 2006). Joe McManus ([email protected]) serves as President of the Southeast Region of the United States Lifesaving Association. He is a former Lifeguard Chief for Gateway National Recreation Area in New York City. He is a USLA Southeast Region Certification Officer and is a member of various USLA committees. He has been an Ocean lifeguard since 1974 and is currently a lifeguard supervisor for Indian River County, Florida. James Hamilton McCrady V has been involved in aquatics for over 25 years. He is a two-time Past- President of the Southeast Region of the United States Lifesaving Association, as well as holding the regional offices of Vice President, Secretary, and Advisor. James currently holds the offices of Competition Director and Lifesaving Academies Director with the region, and serves as the chair of the USLA National Grant Writing Committee. He has been an ocean lifeguard for 22 years, most recently as a Lieutenant EMT for the Fort Lauderdale Ocean Rescue. In 2005, the Florida Beach Patrol Chiefs Association awarded him with the title “Lifeguard of the Year” for the state of Florida. He is also the only two-time winner of the FBPCA’s “Presidents Award for Contributions to Ocean Lifesaving.” (2003 and 2007) Lt. McCrady has been a presenter at National Drowning Prevention Coalition’s National Symposium (2006), the Florida State Beach Safety Educational Workshop (2005), and served on the authoring committee of the “USLA Open-Water Swim Race & Triathlon Safety Guidelines (2004),” and “Training and Equipment Guidelines for Rescuers Using Personal Watercraft as a Rescue Tool (2004).” With B. Chris Brewster, he has also co-authored USLA “Aquatic Safety Assessment & Recommendations” for Santa Rosa Island and Destin, Florida. Giovanni J. Serrano is a native of Puerto Rico and has been involved in aquatics for 11 years. He is currently a Lieutenant EMT for the Fort Lauderdale Ocean Rescue and a Medical Emergency First Responder Instructor. He was named “Lifeguard of the Year” in 2007 by the Florida Beach Patrol Chiefs Association. He has served as Public Education Director for the USLA Southeast Region since 2005. In 2007 he worked on a partnership with Broward County’s Swim Central (see Appendix), and received a grant for water safety education at county schools. He has served as a presenter at the Florida Neighborhoods Association Conference, a workshop presenter and trainer in Quepos, Costa Rica, and recently authored a beach safety article for a local newspaper in Lauderdale by the Sea, where there are a number of drownings annually. Aquatic Safety Recommendations Page 2 of 37 Commonwealth of Puerto Rico TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................6 BACKGROUND..........................................................................................................................................................8 Facts and Figures on Drowning in Puerto Rico ...................................................................................................9 When Do Drowning Deaths Occur In Puerto Rico? .......................................................................................9 Where Do Drowning Deaths Occur?..............................................................................................................10 When Do Beach Drowning Deaths Occur in Puerto Rico? ..........................................................................10 Drowning Deaths by Beach Location .............................................................................................................11 What is the Residence of Drowning Victims? ...............................................................................................11 Benefits of a Comprehensive Drowning Prevention Strategy...........................................................................12 Benefits of Lifeguards...........................................................................................................................................12 DROWNING PREVENTION STRATEGIES........................................................................................................13 Public Education...................................................................................................................................................13 Learn-to-Swim Programs................................................................................................................................13 Junior Lifeguard Programs ............................................................................................................................14 Off-Site Public Education................................................................................................................................14 On-Site Passive Public Education...................................................................................................................15 Flags..............................................................................................................................................................15 Signs..............................................................................................................................................................16 Brochures and Kiosks .................................................................................................................................16 On-Site Active Public Education ....................................................................................................................16 Separating Incompatible Activities .....................................................................................................................17 Providing Lifeguard Services...............................................................................................................................17 Creating Protected Areas ................................................................................................................................19 Periods of Operation........................................................................................................................................20 Times of Operation ..........................................................................................................................................20 Staffing Levels ..................................................................................................................................................20 Staffing Locations ............................................................................................................................................22 Observation Points...........................................................................................................................................22 Backup ..............................................................................................................................................................23 Breaks................................................................................................................................................................23 Equipment ........................................................................................................................................................24 Responsibility and Management.....................................................................................................................24 Recruiting and Retension of Lifeguards ........................................................................................................25 Public and Private Protection Options................................................................................................................26 Reporting...............................................................................................................................................................27
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