Lorenzo Ruiz

For the municipality in the Philippines, see San Lorenzo In 1636, whilst working as a clerk for Binondo Church, Ruiz, Camarines Norte. For the school in the Philip- Ruiz was falsely accused of killing a Spaniard. Ruiz pines, see Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila School. sought asylum on board a ship with three Dominican priests: Saint Antonio Gonzalez; Saint Guillermo Courtet; Saint Miguel de Aozaraza, a Japanese priest; Saint Lorenzo Ruiz (ca. 1600 – 29 September 1637), also known as Laurentius Ruiz de Manila or San Saint Vicente Shiwozuka de la Cruz; and a lay leper Saint Lazaro of Kyoto. Ruiz and his companions left for Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila, is the ﬁrst Filipino saint ven- Okinawa on 10 June 1636, with the aid of the Dominican erated in the Roman Catholic Church; he is thus the [1][2][4] protomartyr of the Philippines. He had gone to Japan fathers and Fr Giovanni Yago. with three missionaries and was killed for refusing to renounce his Roman Catholic beliefs during the persecution of Japanese Christians under the Tokugawa Shogunate in 2 Martyrdom the 17th century. Saint Lorenzo is patron saint of, among others, the Philip- pines and the Filipino people.

1 Early life

Image of Ruiz, Convent of St James the Apostle Parish, Plaridel, Bulacan.

The Tokugawa shogunate was persecuting Christians by the time Ruiz had arrived in Japan. The missionaries were arrested and thrown into prison, and after two year, they were transferred to Nagasaki to face trial by torture. He Binondo Church, the main shrine of St. Lorenzo Ruiz and his companions faced diﬀerent types of torture.[3] Lorenzo Ruiz was born in Binondo, Manila to a Chinese On 27 September 1637, Ruiz and his companions were father and a Filipino mother who were both Catholic. His taken to the Nishizaka Hill, where they were tortured by father taught him Chinese while his mother taught him being hung upside down a pit. This form of torture was Tagalog.[1][2] known as tsurushi () in Japanese or horca y hoya Ruiz served as an altar boy at the convent of Binondo in Spanish. The method was supposed to be extremely church. After being educated by the Dominican fri- painful: though the victim was bound, one hand was al- ars for a few years, Ruiz earned the title of escribano ways left free so that victims may signal their desire to (calligrapher) because of his skillful penmanship. He be- recant, leading to their release. Ruiz refused to renounce came a member of the Cofradia del Santissimo Rosario Christianity and died from blood loss and suﬀocation. His body was cremated and his ashes thrown into the (Confraternity of the Most Holy Rosary). He married [1][2][4] Rosario, a native, and they had two sons and a daughter.[3] sea. The Ruiz family lead a generally peaceful, religious and According to Latin missionary accounts sent back to content life. Manila, Ruiz declared these words upon his death:

1 2 5 OTHER TRIBUTES TO SAINT LORENZO

"Ego Catholicus sum et animo prompto paratoque pro Deo Lorenzo Ruiz. She was diagnosed shortly after her birth mortem obibo. Si mille vitas haberem, cunctas ei oﬀer- and was treated at Magsaysay Medical Center.[8] rem." {I am a Catholic and wholeheartedly do accept death for the Lord; Had I a thousand lives, all these I shall oﬀer to Him.}[3] 4 Places and things named after Lorenzo Ruiz

3 Path to sainthood • Chapel of San Lorenzo Ruiz, a Catholic church in New York City, opened in 2005 3.1 Cause of beatification and canoniza- • Colegio de San Lorenzo, a Catholic college in tion Quezon City, founded in 1988 • Escuela de San Lorenzo Ruiz Paranaque, Sanchez Ave, Greenheights Subd, Sucat, Paranaqque City, founded in 1988 • Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila School, a Catholic school in Cainta, Rizal, founded in 1990 • Plaza San Lorenzo Ruiz, a plaza in front of Binondo Church, Manila • San Lorenzo Ruiz, Camarines Norte, a municipality in the province of Camarines Norte • San Lorenzo Ruiz, Taytay, Rizal • San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila Parish Church, a Catholic church in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan • San Lorenzo Ruiz Diocesan Church, a Catholic church in Bayugan City, Agusan del Sur • San Lorenzo Ruiz Elementary School, a Catholic school in Mississauga, Ontario • St. Lorenzo Ruiz Catholic Church, a Catholic church in Walnut, California[9] • San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila Community Center, a community center in Sugar Land, Texas A painting of Ruiz in the stairway of San Carlos Seminary, • San Lorenzo Ruiz Montessori, Inc. in Makati City. Bulakan,Bulacan • The Positio Super Introductione Causae or the cause of San Lorenzo School, a non-sectarian school in San beatification of St. Lorenzo Ruiz was written by re- Pedro, Laguna spected historian, Fr. Fidel Villarroel, O.P. Ruiz was • San Lorenzo Ruiz Chapel, Imnajbu, Batanes beatified during Pope John Paul II's papal visit to the Philippines.[5][6][7] It was the first beatification ceremony to be held outside the Vatican in history. San Lorenzo 5 Other tributes to Saint Lorenzo Ruiz was canonized by the same pope in Vatican City on 18 October 1987, making him the first Filipino saint.[1][2][4] Lorenzo Ruiz is included in American painter John Nava's Communion of Saints Tapestries, a depiction of 135 saints and beati which hangs inside the Cathedral of [10] 3.2 Miracle Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California. On 28 September 2007, the Catholic Church celebrated His canonization was based on a miracle that took place the 20th anniversary of Ruiz’s canonisation. Then- in 1983, when Cecilia Alegria Policarpio, a 2-year-old Archbishop of Manila Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales said: girl suffering brain atrophy (hydrocephalus), was cured “Kahit saan nandoon ang mga Pilipino, ang katapatan sa through the intercession of the family and supporters to Diyos ay dala-dala ng Pinoy.”[11] 3

6 In popular culture [4] Filipino Apostolate/Archdiocese of New York, Chapel of San Lorenzo Ruiz, ChapelofSanLorenzoRuiz.org, retrieved on: 9 June 2007 6.1 Film [5] • Ang Buhay ni Lorenzo Ruiz a 1970 Philippine ﬁlm [6] • Lorenzo Ruiz... The Saint... A Filipino!, a 1988 [7] Philippine ﬁlm [8] thepinoycatholic.blogspot.com on St. Lorenzo Ruiz • In September 2013, LORENZO, a musical about the life of St. Lorenzo Ruiz, was staged by Green Wings [9] Saint Lorenzo Parish Community Entertainment, with music by Ryan Cayabyab, book [10] image of St. Lorenzo Ruiz in the Communion of Saints and lyric by Juan Ekis and Paul Dumol with the Tapestries collaboration of Joem Antonio, direction by Nonon Padilla, and production by Christopher de Leon. [11] “Church marks 20th anniversary of Lorenzo Ruiz sainthood”

6.2 Books 9 External links • Carunungan, Celso Al. To Die a Thousand Deaths: A Novel on the Life and Times of Lorenzo Ruiz, • Cause for Beatiﬁcation Social Studies Publications, Metro Manila, Philip- pines, 1980 • Mosaic in Saint Peter’s Basilica

• Delgado, Antonio C. The Making of The First Fil- • St. Lorenzo Ruiz in the Communion of Saints ipino Saint, The Ala-Ala Foundation, 1982 Tapestries

• St. Lorenzo Ruiz Prayer in times of adversity. Translated into Spanish by José Tlatelpas, tradi- 7 See also tional version in English and Tagalog. Published in the Canadian Hispanic webzine “La Guirnalda Po- • Ignacia del Espiritu Santo lar”.

• Jerónima de la Asunción • Lorenzo Ruiz at Find a Grave • Kakure Kirishitan • LORENZO, a musical on the life of Lorenzo Ruiz

• Martha de San Bernardo, the ﬁrst Filipino nun •

• Martyrs of Japan

• Pedro Calungsod, the second Filipino saint

8 References

[1] “Visit of Her Excellency President Gloria Macapagal Ar- royo to Participate in the 2005 World Summit - High Level plenary session of the 60th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, New York, United States of America, 12–15 September 2005”, Press Kit, Oﬃce of the President, Government Mass Media Group, Bureau of Communications Services, Manila, September, 2005.

[2] Religion-Cults.com Dominguez, J, M.D., September 28: Saints of the Day, Saint Lorenzo Ruiz and Companions, 1600-1637, Religion-Cults.com, retrieved on: 10 June 2007

[3] Foley O.F.M., Leonard. Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons and Feast, (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M), Franciscan Media 4 10 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

10 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

10.1 Text

• Lorenzo Ruiz Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz?oldid=630350575 Contributors: JeLuF, Seav, Charles Matthews, Van- ished user 5zariu3jisj0j4irj, Joshk, Christopher Sundita, Jamesday, Dimadick, AlexPlank, Mirv, Jondel, BigBen212, Andycjp, Jonel, Necrothesp, Sam Hocevar, Ukexpat, Klemen Kocjancic, Man vyi, Caeruleancentaur, Patsw, Arthena, TheCoffee, FeanorStar7, Mr Tan, Cuchullain, Nanami Kamimura, Sky Harbor, YurikBot, RussBot, Gaius Cornelius, Circa 1900, Veledan, Korny O'Near, Martinwilke1980, Katieh5584, SmackBot, Lagalag, Pinoy916, Gilliam, Hmains, Ludi, JonHarder, Dreadstar, WayKurat, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Rod- san18, Bwpach, Joseph Solis in Australia, Angeldeb82, CmdrObot, MAlanH, Namayan, Troilan, Cydebot, Chemicalist, Pinoy Pride, Nasugbu batangas, Ianlopez1115, Thijs!bot, Andyjsmith, Marek69, Antique Rose, Kbthompson, Fayenatic london, Mack2, Bongwarrior, Rich257, Nasugbu Batangas, Pbroks13, Johnpacklambert, Kguirnela, Katharineamy, Plasticup, Pdcook, Meiskam, TXiKiBoT, Rizalni- noynapoleon, Dodger209, Steven J. Anderson, Vbyssey, SieBot, StAnselm, Noveltyghost, Flyer22, Barangaw, Jc3schmi, Mk32, Kumioko (renamed), Hanchie, Wilbertyl, Latics, Florentino floro, Lloydbaltazar, Gr8opinionater, ImageRemovalBot, ClueBot, Parkwells, Hinicome, PixelBot, Eeekster, Kamistrike, CardinalGR, Riccardo Riccioni, Vivafilipinas, Joyson Prabhu, EstherLois, RogDel, MystBot, Addbot, Chrs aquino, Boac marinduque, Lightbot, Zorrobot, Innapoy, Reinnier, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Ningauble, AnakngAraw, Roltz, AnomieBOT, Xqbot, Nash16, Vancouverguy223, Joaquin008, TerraHikaru, FrescoBot, Nakakapagpabagabag, Athenapyros, Mcard1, Gerald Troy, Tom- cat7, Jschnur, Russel Sleeper, Full-date unlinking bot, TobeBot, Jc Altura, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, Obsidian Soul, Esoglou, EmausBot, Immunize, Ramon FVelasquez, CharCharOverOver11, Roypeter347, ClueBot NG, Mannanan51, Helpful Pixie Bot, MarkJezrylle, Ele- mento 23, Camerero, The Illusive Man, Khazar2, Swifteer, Kuya kyon, Mogism, HeartyBowl1989, Philipandrew, Joloimpat, Nimetapoeg, Equilibrium Allure, DavidLeighEllis, Unixbytes90, OccultZone, UTpB.IaN, Carlojoseph14 and Anonymous: 167

10.2 Images

• File:001-binondochurch.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/001-binondochurch.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: This image was copied from wikipedia:en. The original description was: Facade of Binondo Church, released for use in Wikipedia. Original artist: Adinemb • File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg License: CC-BY-SA- 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: MarkusMark • File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Holy_See.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Coat_of_arms_Holy_See.svg License: Public domain Contributors: • Bruno Bernhard Heim, Heraldry in the Catholic Church: Its Origin, Customs and Laws (Van Duren 1978 ISBN 9780391008731), p. 54; Original artist: F l a n k e r • File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The design was taken from [1] and the colors were also taken from a Government website Original artist: User:Achim1999 • File:Flag_of_the_Vatican_City.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Flag_of_the_Vatican_City.svg Li- cense: ? Contributors: http://files.mojeeuro.meu.zoznam.sk/200000288-390ab3a04d/2_Commemorative_coin_Vatican_city_2010.jpg labelbasis Original artist: Unknown • File:Gloriole_blur.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg License: Public domain Contrib- utors: Own work Original artist: Eubulides • File:Lorenzojf.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Lorenzojf.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contribu- tors: Own work Original artist: Ramon FVelasquez • File:Portrait_of_Lorenzo_Ruiz_in_San_Carlos_Seminary.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Portrait_of_ Lorenzo_Ruiz_in_San_Carlos_Seminary.jpg License: ? Contributors: I created this work entirely by myself. Original artist: Jayzl Nebre-Villafania • File:SanLaurentiusRuizdeManilaProtoMartirodeFilipinasPublication.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/1/19/SanLaurentiusRuizdeManilaProtoMartirodeFilipinasPublication.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Lloydbaltazar • File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Text_document_ with_red_question_mark.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Created by bdesham with Inkscape; based upon Text-x-generic.svg from the Tango project. Original artist: Benjamin D. Esham (bdesham)

10.3 Content license

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