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© Copyright Australian Museum, 2007 Records of the Australian Museum (2007) Vol. 59: 9–26. ISSN 0067-1975 Lord Howe Island Psocoptera (Insecta) C.N. SMITHERS Research Associate, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] ABSTRacT. A brief history of collecting Psocoptera on Lord Howe Island is given. One new genus, Mauropsocus (Pseudocaeciliidae: Zelandopsocinae), and three new species, Mauropsocus monteithi, Lepolepis trifasciata (Lepidopsocidae) and Nimbopsocus huttoni (Myopsocidae) are described. An additional new genus and species is noted but not formally described and named because adult material has not yet been found. Twentyseven species of Psocoptera are now known from Lord Howe of which fourteen are probably endemic to the island. Of the thirteen non-endemic species eight have widespread distributions beyond the island (some being found in domestic situations); three occur otherwise only in Australia and one is known only from Norfolk Island. One species occurs in Australia, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island and New Zealand. It is anticipated that the fauna is not yet completely known but most of the endemic species are members of the related families Pseudocaeciliidae, Philotarsidae and Elipsocidae. Distribution of the species is summarized in a table. SMITHERS, C.N., 2007. Lord Howe Island Psocoptera (Insecta). Records of the Australian Museum 59(1): 9–26. The first recorded psocopteran from Lord Howe Island, a variety of collecting techniques, amassed a substantial a female specimen of Aaroniella howensis Smithers & amount of material during several visits. Since then Ian Thornton, was collected by Ms Zenta Liepa in 1955 and Hutton has provided additional material collected between described in 1975. This and material collected by the author 2000 and 2003. Some of the material from the Lord Howe in November 1969, February 1971 and August 1971 and Invertebrate Biodiversity Survey has no designated individual by Geoffrey Holloway in September 1971 and March 1974 collector; in the lists of material studied in this paper these formed the basis of the first paper on the Psocoptera of Lord specimens are referred to as being collected by LHIS. Howe Island (Smithers & Thornton, 1975). The author visited Except where indicated otherwise specimens collected the island again in February 1977 (Smithers, 1979). Between by Monteith will be returned to the Queensland Museum. September 1978 and October 1979 Tim Kingston collected Other material is in the Australian Museum. Nymphs are not Psocoptera as part of a general insect survey and in 1979 designated as type material. Geoff. Monteith, of the Queensland Museum, made what Full synonymies and references to the species can be was then the most comprehensive collection of Psocoptera found in Smithers (1967, 1996) and Lienhard and Smithers from Lord Howe. Kingston made a small collection in (2002) or other references given in this paper. Plant names 1980 and Patrick Huber, in 1992–1993, collected a few used are as in Wilson (1994), with later amendments where specimens during a survey of insects associated with the necessary. Vegetation types mentioned in association with inflorescences of the economically important Thatch Palm, some of the material collected by Monteith are described by Howea forsteriana (C. Moore and F. Muell.) Becc. (Smithers, Pickard (1983); these are referred to as Pickard veg on the 1995). The biggest collection to date is that made during the specimen labels and hence in the text of this paper. Lord Howe Island Invertebrate Biodiversity Survey in which In the species descriptions the following abbreviations are several collectors, based at the Australian Museum, using used: F = length of hind femur; T = length of hind tibia; t1, www.australianmuseum.net.au/pdf/publications/1482_complete.pdf 10 Records of the Australian Museum (2007) Vol. 59 t2, t3 = lengths of hind tarsal segments; rt = relative lengths 171 spp.) (Wilson, 1994), a much more varied topography of hind tarsal segments; ct: numbers of ctenidiobothria (875 metres altitude as opposed to 316 m.) and although on hind tarsal segments. Eye measurements are carried subjected to less collecting effort by specialist collectors it out using the method of Badonnel, i.e.: IO = interocular has yielded a comparable number of species of Psocoptera distance between compound eyes measured from above; D (27, of which 14 appear to be endemic) to that obtained on = anteroposterior measurement of compound eye seen from Norfolk (21, of which 11 appear to be endemic). Fifteen above; P = transverse measurement of compound eye seen species of Psocoptera have been added to the Lord Howe from above; PO = P/D; nymph is abbreviated to n. list in this paper whereas only five additional species have Comparison with collecting experience on Norfolk Island been found on Norfolk since 1978, the latest addition (in suggests that it is very likely that there are more species to 1998) being a single, widely distributed tropical species be recorded from Lord Howe Island. Norfolk Island has (Smithers, Peters & Thornton, 2000). Despite its greater about twice the land area of Lord Howe Island (about 34 (but much more disturbed) area it seems likely that most square kilometres compared to 16 square kilometres for species have now been recorded for Norfolk. On the other Lord Howe). Although Lord Howe and Norfolk have about hand, circumstances on Lord Howe suggest that more species the same number of vascular plants (459 and 445 species will be found there. This possibility should be remembered respectively) Lord Howe has a larger indigenous flora when considering relationships of the Lord Howe fauna to than Norfolk (241 spp. of vascular plants as opposed to those of other areas (Table 1). Table 1. Distribution of Lord Howe Island Psocoptera. Lord Howe species endemic3 widespread4 Australia Norfolk New New Island Caledonia Zealand LEPIDOPSOCIDAE Echmepteryx anomala • — — — — — Echmepteryx howensis • — — — — — Echmepteryx madagascariensis1 — • • • — • Lepolepis trifasciata1 • — — — — — TROGIIDAE Cerobasis annulata1,2 — • • — — — Cerobasis guestfalica1,2 — • • • — • Lepinotus inquilinus1,2 — • • — — — PSOQUILLIDAE Rhyopsocidus niger • — — — — — PSYLLIPSOCIDAE Psocathropos lachlani1,2 — • • — — — CAECILIUSIDAE Stenocaecilius quercus — — • — — — Paracaecilius lemuris1 — — • — — — Valenzuela pteridii1 — — • — — — ECTOPSOCIDAE Ectopsocus insularis1 — — — • — — Ectopsocus petersi — • • — — • PERIPSOCIDAE Peripsocus milleri1 — • • • • • Peripsocus similis1 — • — — — — PSEUDOCAECILIIDAE Howeanum huberi • — — — — — Mepleres fasciata • — — — — — Mepleres hollowayi • — — — — — Mauropsocus monteithi1 • — — — — — n.gen. and n.sp.1 • — — — — — PHILOTARSIDAE Aaroniella howensis • — — — — — Haplophallus tandus • — — — — — ELIPSOCIDAE Pentacladus marmoratus • — — — — — Prionotodrilus parvus • — — — — — MYOPSOCIDAE Nimbopsocus huttoni1 • — — — — — Nimbopsocus australis1 — • • • • • number of species: 27 14 9 11 5 2 5 In the table • = species is present in the area indicated at the head of the column; 1 first record for Lord Howe in this paper; 2 species frequently associated with human domestic environment; 3 known so far only from Lord Howe Island; 4 occurs in areas other than above, in some cases almost cosmopolitan, see text for details. Smithers: Psocoptera of Lord Howe Island 11 Systematic treatment Hill, on path to Kims Lookout, narrow sclerophyll closed of Lord Howe Island Psocoptera scrub, Dodonaea/Cassinia, Drypetes deplanchei, beating, 24.xi.2000, L. Wilkie, G. Carter. 2nn, broad megaphyllous closed sclerophyll forest, Howea belmoreana, Baloghia LEPIDOPSOCIDAE inophylla, beating, 30.xi.2000, P. Flemons, J. Tarnawski. 1n, western slope of Transit Hill, broad megaphyllous Echmepteryx anomala Smithers & Thornton closed sclerophyll forest, Howea forsteriana, 24.xi.2000, Echmepteryx anomala Smithers & Thornton, 1975. Rec. Aust. M. Elliott, N. Plunkett-Cole. 1n, eastern slope of Malabar Mus. 29:456. Ridge above Neds Beach, closed rain forest, Drypetes/ Cryptocarya, Elaeodendron curtipendulum, beating, Material studied. 1?, 1!, Stephens Reserve, New 25.xi.2000, L. Wilkie, H. Smith. 1n, just behind beach at Settlement, megaphyllous broad sclerophyll forest, Howea Old Gulch on western footslopes, narrow sclerophyll closed spp., 15– 26.ii.2001, M.S. Moulds. 1!, Base of Round scrub, Melaleuca howeana beating, 25.xi.2000, L. Wilkie, Face (Mt. Lidgbird), Far Flats, broad megaphyllous closed H. Smith. 3nn, eastern slope of Dawsons Point Ridge above sclerophyll forest, 2–5.xii.2001, C. Reid. 1?, eastern slope of Old Settlement, closed rain forest, Drypetes/Cryptocarya Dawsons Point Ridge above Old Settlement, litter, closed rain (exposed), Drypetes deplanchei, beating, 24.xi.2000, P. forest, Drypetes/Cryptocarya (exposed), 1.xii.2000, LHIS. Flemons, J. Tarnawski. 1n, eastern slope of Dawsons Point 1!, Stevens Reserve, 5 m, leaf litter, Howea forsteriana, Ridge near top, closed rain forest, Cleistocalyx/Chionanthus, 25.ix.1978, T. Kingston. 1?, Mt. Gower, 350 m, ii.1979, T. Howea belmoreana, beating, 1.xii.2000, C. Reid, H. Smith. Kingston. 2??, 3!!, Intermediate Hill, rainforest, 180– 1!, north bank of Rocky Run Creek where coastal trail 250 m, 6.xi.1979, G.B. Monteith. 1?, Transit Hill, rainforest, to Boat Harbour intersects, broad megaphyllous closed pyrethrum knockdown, 18.x.1979, G.B. Monteith. 1?, sclerophyll forest, Pandanus, Alyxia ruscifolia, beating, 2!!, Big Creek at Mountain Inn, pyrethrum knockdown, 30.xi.2000,
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