DOCSLIB.ORG

ARTIFICIAL HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT POLYPLOID LEVELS in GLANDULARIA (VERBENACEAE)L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ARTIFICIAL HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT POLYPLOID LEVELS in GLANDULARIA (VERBENACEAE)L Amer. J. Bot. 5.5(10): 123.5-1239. 1968. ARTIFICIAL HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT POLYPLOID LEVELS IN GLANDULARIA (VERBENACEAE)l OTTO T. SOLBRIG Department of Botany, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and CORNELIUS PASSANI AND ROGER GLASS Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts ABST RAe T The hexaploid North American species Glandularia eleqans has been crossed with the South American diploid species G. etellaroides, G. peruviana, and G. pulchella. Analysis of the behavior of chromosomes at meiosis in the hybrid indicates that the chromosomes of G. pulchella are similar to one of the genomes of G. eleqane. Non-homologous pairing and presence of multivalents also indicates that G. eleqans is a segmental allohexaploid derived most likely from South American ancestors. THE GENUS Glandularia GmeLin is one of a the sterility of the hybrids varying between 5 large number of plant taxa with a North-South and 90%, approximately. Crosses made by Solbrig American disjunct distribution. In South America (unpub1.) have shown that all N.A. hexaploid it grows in Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil, species tested (5) are also interfertile and that in Paraguay, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. In North general hybrids are highly fertile (80 % or more America it is found in northern Guatemala, pollen fertility). Mexico, and in the United States from South The present work reports the results of artificial Carolina to FLorida. west to California and north crosses between three South American diploid to Utah, and in Colorado, South Dakota, ILlinois, species and one North American hexaploid species. and Ohio. Morphologioally most species are simi­ The object of the study was to gain some infor­ lar, the major differences between taxa being leaf mation regarding the degree of affinity between shape, and floral and fruit characteristics. the species of the two continents and to investi­ The ~orth American species of the genus have gate the genomic affinity of the species involved been monographed by Perry (1933) who recog­ in the crosses. nized 18 species. No co:nplete monographic treatment exists for the South American species; MATE:UAL AND METHODs-The diploid South Moldenke (1951-64), and Troncoso (1954, 19(5) American species, Glawiuiaria pulcliella Sweet, have clarified the classification of particular G. steilaroides Covas and Schnack, and two groups of species; Schnack and Covas (1944) distinct morphological types of G. peruuiana (L.) have discussed the position of the genus and its Small, were grown in greenhouses at Cambridge, validity. It is estimated that there are approxi­ Mass., and artificial crosses attempted with the mately 30-50 species in South America. Experi­ North American hexaploid, G. elegans H.B.K. mental work by Dermen (1935), Schnack and All flowers were emasculated and the styles polli­ coworkers (Schnack and Covas, 194.5a, b; Schnack nated repeatedly for about 7 days. Most attempted and Gonzales, 1945; Schnack and Solbrig, 1953), crosses were unsuccessful, but a few of the approxi­ Solbrig (1959, 1952, 1958, and unpub1.), Lewis mately 100 attempts produced fruits. These in­ and Oliver (1961), and others has shown that the volved always G. eleqans as the pistillate parent, South American species are largely diploid with and they yielded only a very few seeds. The seeds n = 5 (only 2 tetraploids have been found out were stratified for about 3 months in moist sand of 20 species investigated), while the North and 15 plants obtained (Table 1). Meiotic prepara­ American species are mostly hexaploid with tions were made according to the squash tech­ n = L"i (only 4 tetraploid species have been nique, using aceto-carmine as a stain. All observa­ determined out of 15 species investigated). tions were made under a phase-contrast micro­ Furthermore, extensive hybridization programs scope. Pollen grains were stained with lacto­ undertaken by Schnack and coworkers and by phenol cotton-blue, and 500 grains counted to ob­ Solbrig have shown that all South American tain fertility estimates. species tested (10) are interfertile to some extent, Mature hybrid plants were cloned and some of the cloned plants treated with colchicine in an 2 I Received for publication 31 May 1968. aqueous solution at a concentration of 5 X 10- 1235 1236 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vol. 55 TABLE 1. Characteristics of the species and hybrids a elegans X peruviana elegans X Character peruviana Tetraploid Octoploid elegans pulchella pulchella Plant height 12.5 10 15 22 12 7.5 Habit Decumbent- Sprawling Sprawling Erect Sprawling Decumbent semi-erect Internode length 3.0 2.3 4.7 3.9 2.7 3.4 Leaf length 3.2 2.7 4.5 4.2 3.5 1.7 Leaf width 1..5 2.0 2.9 2.9 2.2 1.7 Leaf pubescence Short, medium long, medium long, long, long, long, medium dense medium dense dense medium dense open infrequent Leaf shape Entire Lobed Lobed Bipinnatifid Bipinnatifid Bipinnatifid Floral bract length 5mm 4mm 5mm 5mm 4mm 4mm Calyx length 11 mm 9mm 9.5mm 6mm 7mm 8mm Corolla tube 16mm 14mm 17mm 14mm 12 mm 12mm Corolla limb width 12mm 12mm 14.5 mm 10.5 mm lOmm lOmm Corolla color> Red(19) Red-purple(29) Red-purple(29) Purple(32) Purple(33) Purple(3i5) Style length 14.5 mm 13 mm 16mm 11 mm 7.5mm 8mm Anther gland absent 0.1 mm 0.25 mm 0.3mm 0.5mm 0.9mm Pollen stainability 100% 5% 70% 100% 20% 100% • All measurements are in cm unless stated otherwise. Measurements here given represent averages of several plants, b Color code number taken from the color dictionary of the Royal Horticultural Society of England. M. The colchicine solution was applied in a while six had no pairs at all. The other 29 cells cotton wad to the apical buds for a period of had from one to six pairs (Table 2). Only one cell 72 hr, while the plants were in an atmosphere had no multivalents; most cells had two (18 cells) of high humidity and at elevated temperatures or more quadrivalent associations. Of all the (ca. 30 C). chromosomes analyzed (800), 39.9 % were asso­ ciated in pairs, 59.6 % were in multivalent RESULTs-Morphology of the hybrids-The F 1 associations, and 2.5 % were not paired at all hybrids were intermediate between the parents in (Table 3). both foliar and floral characters including flower color. On the other hand they were less vigorous Glandularia elegans X G. peruviana: artificial than the parents (particularly the G. elegans octoploid-Two octoploid plants, the result of X G. stellaroides cross), and the internodes treating the corresponding hybrid with colchicine, were somewhat shorter (Table 1). The crosses of were obtained. They showed mostly 20 pairs at G. elegans with G. pulchella and G. peruviana meiotic metaphase and at diakinesis with regular bloomed normally and continuously through the separation to the poles in first anaphase, and year; the cross involving G. stellaroides on the normal development of the subsequent stages of other hand bloomed very seldom, producing only meiosis, including tetrad formation and pollen a few flowers rather than the usual showy race­ development. However, occasional univalents and mose inflorescence characteristic of the genus. multivalents (mostly trivalents and quadrivalents) were observed. Seventy-two percent of the pollen Meiotic analysis-The parental species all stained with lacto-phenol cotton-blue and was showed normal pairing and chromosome segre­ normal looking morphologically, although 24 % gation at meiosis. The plant of G. stellaroides used of the pollen grains were tetracolpate instead of had 2 supernumerary chromosomes that did not tricolpate, as is universally found in the parental align on the metaphase plate and did not divide species. but instead were usually incorporated in one of the microspores. Glandularia elegans X G. pulchella: tetraploid hybrid-Nine plants were obtained, all having Glandularia elegans X G. peruviana: tetraploid similar meiotic behavior. In this cross 42 cells hybrid-Five plants were obtained in this cross. could be analyzed exactly. A significantly larger All showed similar meiotic behavior. The most number of bivalents could be observed than in the conspicuous characteristic was the large number G. elegens X G. peruviana cross. Seventeen of of multivalents, particularly quadrivalents. Sev­ the 42 cells showed more than six pairs; no cell eral hundred cells were studied; of these 40 allowed had less than three bivalents. Most cells had at an exact and unequivocal identification of all least one quadrivalent association, although none the associations. Of the 40 cells, only five had had more than three, and a large number (10) more than six pairs of chromosomes per cell, had no multivalent associations at all. More November-December,1968] SOLBRIG ET AL.-HYBRIDIZATION IN GLANDULARIA 1237 TABLE 2. Number of cells with pairs and tetravalent assoc- hexaploid species with 15 chromosomes and a iations diploid species with 5 chromosomes, the predicted associations are a maximum of 5 pairs and 10 elegans X elegans X univalents, to a minimum association of 20 uni­ peruviana pulchella valents. Any pairing in the hybrid is interpreted Cells with: (4 X) (4 X) as indicating homology between the chromosome segments of the parental species. If multivalent OIl 6 0 III 2 0 pairing is found in the hybrid, it is assumed that 2Il 6 0 chromosomal rearrangements, specifically trans­ 3II 6 4 locations, have taken place in one or both of the 4Il 9 5 species, so that the homologous segments are 5Il 6 9 now located in more than one chromosome. 6II 10 7 Nevertheless, the general hypothesis cannot ex­ 7JI 1 3 plain the presence of more than five bivalents in 8II 3 11 the hybrid, nor the existence of multivalent asso­ 9Il 1 0 ciations involving more than five chromosomes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vegetation Community Monitoring at Ocmulgee National Monument, 2011
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Vegetation Community Monitoring at Ocmulgee National Monument, 2011 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2014/702 ON THE COVER Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia) at Ocmulgee National Monument. Photograph by: Sarah C. Heath, SECN Botanist. Vegetation Community Monitoring at Ocmulgee National Monument, 2011 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2014/702 Sarah Corbett Heath1 Michael W. Byrne2 1USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network Cumberland Island National Seashore 101 Wheeler Street Saint Marys, Georgia 31558 2USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network 135 Phoenix Road Athens, Georgia 30605 September 2014 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for the timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]
  • TEXAS SPECIES of Glandularia (VERBENACEAE)
    NUMBERl TURNER: TEXAS SPECIES OF GLANDULARIA 3 TEXAS SPECIES OF Glandularia (VERBENACEAE) B. L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. Abstract: Eight species of Glandularia are recognized as native to Texas: G. bipinnati­ fida (having two morphogeographical infraspecific categories, G. b. var. bipinnatifida and G. b. var. ciliata [Benth.] B. L. Turner, comb. nov.); G. canadensis; G. delticola; G. polyantha; G. pulchella (introduced and escaped from cultivation); G. pumila; G. quadrangulata; and G. tumidula. The latest monographer of the genus (R. E. Umber, 1979) recognized 10 species as occurring in Texas. Of these I cannot accept G. wrightii, which is treated as synonymous with G. bipinnatifida var. ciliata, or G. verecunda and G. racemosa, both of the latter treated as synonymous with G. quad­ rangulata. In addition, Umber's G. bipinnatifida var. brevispicata is treated as synony­ mous with G. b. var. ciliata. Further, G. quadrangulata, having appendiculate nutlets is also believed to possess forms with exappendiculate nutlets, the latter treated as G. racemosa and/or G. verecunda in his monograph. A key to the Texas taxa is provided, along with partial illustrations, synonymies and distribution maps. Resumen: Se reconocen nativas a Texas ocho especies de Glandularia: G. bipinnatifida (con dos categorias infraespedficas morfogeograficas, G. b. var. bipinnatifida y G. b. var. ciliata [Benth.] B. L. Turner, comb. nov.); G. canadensis; G. delticola; G. polyantha; G. pulchella (cultivada y ahora naturalizada); G. pumila; G. quadrangulata; y G. tumidula. El ultimo autor en monografiar el genero. (R. E. Umber, 1979) reconodo 10 especies en Texas.
    [Show full text]
  • Variability in the Amount of Homoeologous Pairing Among F1 Hybrids
    Research Article Variability in the amount of homoeologous pairing among F1 hybrids Lidia Poggio1*, Eduardo Greizerstein2 and Marıa Ferrari3 1 CONICET (Argentina) 2 Catedra de Mejoramiento Gene´tico, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora (UNLZ), Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina 3 Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Received: 8 January 2016; Accepted: 21 April 2016; Published: 2 June 2016 Associate Editor: Michael B. Jackson Citation: Poggio L, Greizerstein E, Ferrari M. 2016. Variability in the amount of homoeologous pairing among F1 hybrids. AoB PLANTS 8: plw030; doi:10.1093/aobpla/plw030 Abstract. Genes involved in the exclusive pairing of homologous chromosomes have been described in several polyploid species but little is known about the activity of these genes in diploids (which have only one dose of each homoeologous genome). Analysis of the meiotic behaviour of species, natural and artificial hybrids and polyploids of Glandularia suggests that, in allopolyploids where homoeologous genomes are in two doses, regulator genes pre- vent homoeologous pairing. The different meiotic phenotypes in diploid F1 hybrids between Glandularia pulchella and Glandularia incisa strongly suggest that these pairing regulator genes possess an incomplete penetrance when homoeologous genomes are in only one dose. Moreover, the meiotic analysis of natural and artificial F1 hybrids sug- gests that the genetic constitution of parental species influences the activity of pairing regulator genes and is mainly responsible for variability in the amount of homoeologous pairing observed in diploid hybrids. In Glandularia, the pairing regulator genes originated in South American diploid species. The cytogenetic characteristics of this genus make it a good model to analyse and explore in greater depth the activity of pairing regulator genes at different ploidy levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenie Der Verbenaceae : Kladistische Untersuchungen Mit Morphologischen Und Chemischen Merkmalen
    Phylogenie der Verbenaceae : Kladistische Untersuchungen mit morphologischen und chemischen Merkmalen Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau vorgelegt von Ursula von Mulert aus Bad Cannstatt 2001 a Dekan : Prof. Dr. H. Vahrenkamp Leiter der Arbeit : Prof. Dr. H. Rimpler Referent : Prof. Dr. H. Rimpler Korreferent : Prof. Dr. D. Vogellehner Bekanntgabe des Prüfungsergebnisses : 20.12.2001 Diese Arbeit wurde am Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. H. Rimpler durchgeführt. b dem besten Vadd’r von Welt „Wenn nichts mehr hilft, dann nur noch der Gaschromatograph !!!“ (Dr. Quincy) c INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. EINLEITUNG UND PROBLEMSTELLUNG ............................................................... 1 2. LITERATURTEIL ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Kladistische Analyse ................................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1. Einführung und Begriffe....................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2. Polarisierung der Merkmale durch die Außengruppe.................................................................. 7 2.1.3. Methoden.................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (Verbenaceae) Laura A. Frost a Dissertation Submit
    Phylogeny and biogeography of Neotropical flowering plant tribe Citharexyleae (Verbenaceae) Laura A. Frost A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: Richard Olmstead, Chair Caroline Strömberg John Klicka Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Biology ©Copyright 2018 Laura A. Frost University of Washington Abstract Phylogeny and biogeography of Neotropical flowering plant tribe Citharexyleae (Verbenaceae) Laura A. Frost Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Richard Olmstead Biology The New World tropics, or Neotropics, located within tropical latitudes of North and South America, are one of the most diverse ecoregion in the world. However, this diversity is poorly understood in terms of described biodiversity—species numbers are uncertain and collection records are depauperate for many groups distributed in remote locations or dense forest—and patterns of evolution contributing to high diversity—factors underlying speciation in lineages are not well understood. A molecular phylogenetic and systematic study of the Neotropical flowering plant tribe Citharexyleae in the Verbena family (Verbenaceae), which also originated and diversified primarily in the Neotropics, was undertaken in order to describe diversity and understand patterns of evolution in an understudied Neotropical lineage. Chapter 1 comprises a systematic study of tribe Citharexyleae, which describes relationships between the three genera in the tribe (Baillonia (1 species), Citharexylum (ca. 70 species), and Rehdera (2 species)) as well as relationships within Citharexylum, the largest genus. Baillonia is included in Citharexylum and Rehdera is retained distinct. A subgeneric classification including six subgenera system is proposed for Citharexylum, and morphological characters associated with each major clade described.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 General Introduction
    Chapter 1 General introduction 1.1 Biological invasions Anthropogenic loss of biodiversity is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Invasive species, by altering ecosystem composition, structure and function, are thought to be one of the main causes of this decline (Vitousek et al. 1997). In Australia’s Murray Darling Basin, invasive species, including Phyla canescens, are now considered to be the main threat to its sustainability (Wong et al. 2007). Phyla canescens is also one of the 160 invasive plant taxa considered to be threatening biodiversity in Australian rangelands (Martin et al. 2006), and is identified as threatening the Endangered Ecological Community, Coolibah-Blackbox Woodland in NSW (Coutts-Smith and Downey 2006). Biological invasions, like extinctions, are inevitable consequences of life in a changing world. Past invasions, resulting from events such as continental collisions, sea level changes and long-distance dispersal events, have led to the current distribution of organisms around the world. Human-mediated transport of organisms has simply increased the rate of such events, but the rate of transportation is now so high that we risk homogenising and impoverishing the biological systems upon which we rely (Mack et al. 2000). This homogenisation and impoverishment implies reduced potential to adapt to future change. Presumably any species that can reproduce (i.e. all species) has the potential to become invasive. Even if we consider that all species are potentially invasive, and all habitats potentially invasible, there needs to be a match between the requirements of the invader and the conditions of the recipient environment. A distinction, however, must be made between invaders, colonisers and weeds, three related concepts which have been used ambiguously and inconsistently (Colautti and MacIsaac 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of the Vascular Plants of Sierra Chica, the Untouched Area of The
    13 6 1003 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 13 (6): 1003–1036 https://doi.org/10.15560/13.6.1003 Survey of the vascular plants of Sierra Chica, the untouched area of the Paititi Natural Reserve (southeastern Tandilia mountain range, Buenos Aires province, Argentina) María L. Echeverría,1 Sara I. Alonso,1 Viviana M. Comparatore2 1 Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Ruta 226, km 73.5, CC 273, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Argentina. 2 Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Funes 3250, CC 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET. Corresponding author. E-mail: echeverria.marialis@inta.gob.ar Abstract The Paititi Natural Reserve is located in the southeastern part of the Tandilia mountain range (Buenos Aires province, Argentina). With the aim of recording the floristic richness of Sierra Chica, an untouched area of the reserve, all vas- cular plants were inventoried and categorized by family, status, and life form. Altogether, 364 taxa from 72 families were found, with the most predominant families being Poaceae (20.7%), Asteraceae (20.1%), and Fabaceae (5.8%). We found 95 adventive species, 4 cosmopolitan, and 265 native. The most abundant life forms were hemicryptophytes (33.1%), therophytes (30.6%), and criptophytes (22.6%); the therophytes were mostly represented by adventive spe- cies. We also found species that were known from Buenos Aires province but not from mountainous areas. Despite being a small area within Argentina, Sierra Chica constitutes a valuable refuge for native flora of the Tandilia mountain range system, which is in danger of being affected by exotic plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Coefficients of Conservatism Values and the Floristic Quality Index for the Vascular Plants of South Florida
    U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Coefficients of Conservatism Values and the Floristic Quality Index for the Vascular Plants of South Florida Coefficients of Conservatism Values and the Floristic Quality Index for the Vascular Plants of South Florida Steve Mortellaro1, Mike Barry 2, George Gann3, John Zahina4, Sally Channon5, Charles Hilsenbeck6, Douglas Scofield7, George Wilder8 and Gerould Wilhelm9 1U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1339 20th Street, Vero Beach FL 32960 2U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Naples, FL (Formerly) 2Institute for Regional Conservation, 22601 S.W. 152 Ave., Miami, FL 33170 (Currently) 3Institute for Regional Conservation, 22601 S.W. 152 Ave., Miami, FL 33170 4 South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL 5Palm Beach County Department of Environmental Resources Management, 2300 North Jog Rd, 4th Floor, West Palm Beach, FL 33411 6 17516 Birchwood Drive, Boca Raton, FL 33487 7University of California, Los Angeles, 1509 Life Sciences, Box 951786, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1786 8Naples Botanical Garden, 4820 Bayshore Drive, Naples, FL 34112 9Conservation Design Forum, Inc., 375 W. First Street, Elmhurst, IL 60126 January 2009 South Florida Ecological Services Field Office Vero Beach, Florida Table of Contents ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download Alien Species in Norway
    Alien species in Norway – with the Norwegian Black List 2012 Alien species in Norway – with the Norwegian Black List 2012 presents an overview of ecological impact assessments of alien species which reproduce in Norwegian territories. The assessments are based upon a new and semi- quantitative set of criteria, where the species’ invasion potential and ecological effect are considered. The work has been carried out by 11 groups of experts who have treated ca. 2500 species. Impact assessments have been made for 1180 alien species which reproduce in Norwegian territories and for 134 species which might arrive in Norway with the aid of humans in the future – so called ‘door knockers’. A total of 106 species are categorised as having a severe impact, 111 species as having a high impact, 198 species as having a potentially high impact, 399 species as having a low impact, and 366 species as having no known impact in Norwegian nature. In addition, species inform- ation has been gathered for 1071 alien species which do not reproduce on the Norwegian mainland and territorial waters, and 69 non-reproducing alien species observed in Svalbard. Distribution: Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre 7491 Trondheim Alien species in Norway Phone: +47 73592145 e-mail: postmottak@artsdatabanken.no –with the Norwegian Black List www.biodiversity.no 2012 Alien species in Norway –with the Norwegian Black List 2012 Editors Lisbeth Gederaas, Toril Loennechen Moen, Sigrun Skjelseth, Line-Kristin Larsen Project management Lisbeth Gederaas Groups of experts See chapter “The work of the expert groups” Database development and management Stein Arild Hoem, Helge Sandmark Layout Skipnes Kommunikasjon AS, Åshild Viken (front cover) Cover Harmonia axyridis Cover photo Bjørn H.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Flora of the Solon Dixon Forestry Education Center, Alabama
    Vascular Plant Flora of the Solon Dixon Forestry Education Center, Alabama Curtis J. Hansen*y, Dale C. Pancakez and Leslie R. Goertzeny y Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A. z School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University and Solon Dixon Forestry Education Center, Andalusia, AL 36420, U.S.A. * Correspondence: hansecj@auburn.edu Abstract voucher and document the rich vascular plant diversity occurring on the Center, providing a data resource and A survey of the vascular plant flora was conducted at the stimulus for future research. Solon Dixon Forestry Education Center in south-central Alabama. Over 2000 vascular plant specimens were col- Geology and Geography lected from the 2144 ha site comprising 152 families, 498 genera and 1015 species. This represented a density of 47 The 2144 ha site in south-central Alabama straddles the 2 species/km and accounted for 25% of all known vascu- Covington and Escambia County line with Conecuh lar plant species from the state of Alabama, highlighting County bordering the northwest corner of the property. the unusually rich biodiversity of this site. The most The Center is bounded by the Conecuh River to the north, diverse plant families in this flora were Asteraceae (132 the Conecuh National Forest to the south and by private spp.), Poaceae (108), Fabaceae (74), Cyperaceae (69), and or leased holdings to the east and west (Fig. 1). Eleva- Lamiaceae (24). The most diverse genera in the survey tion ranges from 30 m at the Conecuh River to 91m near included Carex (23 spp.), Quercus (20), Juncus (15), Cy- the central part of the property (31:163 947◦, −86:7028◦).
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Flora of Wayne County, Mississippi
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Master's Theses Fall 12-1-2015 The Vascular Flora of Wayne County, Mississippi Daniel M. McNair University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses Part of the Biology Commons, Botany Commons, and the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation McNair, Daniel M., "The Vascular Flora of Wayne County, Mississippi" (2015). Master's Theses. 149. https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/149 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact Joshua.Cromwell@usm.edu. THE VASCULAR FLORA OF WAYNE COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI by Daniel McKinney McNair A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School and the Department of Biological Sciences at The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Approved: ________________________________________________ Dr. Mac Alford, Committee Chair Associate Professor, Biological Sciences ________________________________________________ Dr. Micheal Davis, Committee Member Associate Professor, Biological Sciences ________________________________________________ Dr. Franklin Heitmuller, Committee Member Associate Professor, Geography and Geology ________________________________________________ Dr. Karen S. Coats Dean of the Graduate School December 2015 ABSTRACT THE VASCULAR FLORA OF WAYNE COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI by Daniel McKinney McNair December 2015 The vascular flora of Wayne County, Mississippi, was surveyed from 2013–2015, and the species of native and naturalized plants are listed. In total, 1,135 species were identified from field collections, previously collected herbarium specimens, and field observations.
    [Show full text]
  • Wendy B. Zomlefer and David E. Giannasi John B. Nelson L.L. Gaddy
    A Baseline Vascular Plant SurveY for Ocmulgee National Monument, Bibb CountY, Macon, Georgia Wendy B. Zomlefer and David E. Giannasi John B. Nelson Department of Plant Biology A.C. Moore Herbarium University of Georgia Department of Biological Sciences Athens, Georgia 32602-7271, U.S.A. University of South Carolina wendyz@plantbio.uga.edu Columbia, South Carolina 29208-0001, U.S.A. L.L. Gaddy terra incognita 125 South Edisto Avenue Columbia, South Carolina 29205-3301, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Ocmulgee National Monument is administered by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, and comprises 283.9 ha (701.5 acres) in two disjunct land parcels located in Macon, Bibb County, central Georgia. The park is significant for earthen mounds and other archeological sites associated with the Native American Mississippian cultures that settled along the Ocmulgee River. A floristic sur- vey was conducted to provide Park Service personnel with a baseline vouchered plant species checklist, supplemented with salient informa- tion such as relative abundance, locality data, and general community type. Identifications of vouchers from prior surveys were also verified and incorporated into the annotated list that now totals 436 species of vascular plants. The five largest families are Poaceae (53 spp.), Asteraceae (36 spp.), Cyperaceae (33 spp.), Fabaceae (21 spp.), and Rosaceae (18 spp.). According to state rankings, one special concern spe- cies, Cayaponia quinqueloba, occurs within the study area, and approximately 24 percent of the non-cultivated flora is exotic. A vouchered checklist of vascular plants and descriptions of the general plant communities are included, as well as a list of unvouchered species previ- ously reported from the park.
    [Show full text]