THE EUROPEAN UNION: BASIC RESOURCES
Robert Goehlert Librarian for Economics, Political Science, Criminal Justice and Global Studies Indiana University
and
Marian Shaaban International Documents Librarian and Bibliographer for West European Studies Indiana University
Center for the Study of Global Change Indiana University Bloomington
2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction ...... 4
II. Researching European Union Documentation ...... 5 A. Legislation ...... 6 Primary Legislation ...... 6 Secondary Legislation ...... 7 Online Legislative Services ...... 8 Additional Resources ...... 9 Legislative Documents...... 9 Commission ...... 10 Committee of the Regions ...... 11 Council of the European Union ...... 11 Economic and Social Committee ...... 12 European Parliament ...... 12 Debates ...... 12 Minutes of the Proceedings of the Sittings ...... 13 Reports (Session) Documents ...... 13 B. Selected Sources for Research ...... 13 C. Catalogs of Publications ...... 19 D. Guides to the Documentation of the European Union ...... 22
III. Institutions of the European Union: A Select Bibliography ...... 25 A. Reference Sources ...... 25 Bibliographies ...... 25 Guides ...... 25 General ...... 25 Economic and Business ...... 28 Election Statistics ...... 29 Political Parties ...... 29 Directories ...... 30 Biographical Dictionaries ...... 30 Dictionaries ...... 30 Encyclopedias ...... 31 Yearbooks ...... 31
2 B. Secondary Sources ...... 32 General ...... 32 Parliament ...... 68 Commission ...... 79 Council ...... 81 Court of Justice ...... 82
IV. European Union Web Resources ...... 85 A. EU Homepage ...... 85 B. Guides to Web Resources ...... 85 C. EU Institutions...... 86 D. EU Agencies ...... 87 E. Other Related Websites ...... 89
V. Current Journals in the Field of European Studies ...... 91
3 I. INTRODUCTION
The European Union is unique in that it is structurally different from other traditional international organizations. Its relationship to its member states and other international organizations provides many legal and political issues for study and research. The major institutions of the European Union, particularly the Council of Ministers, the Commission, the European Parliament, and Court of Justice, can be studied in terms of their decision-making processes, from a comparative perspective or as successful institutions of a regional international organization.
Because the European Union is composed of industrialized states, many of the problems it is facing are of interest to students of public policy and comparative politics. Enlargement, foreign trade, monetary and fiscal policy, taxation, immigration, and environmental controls are just some of the topics for which students can find ample documentation to research.
A good introduction to the European Union, The European Union: A Guide for Americans, can be found online in PDF and HTML format at http://www.eurunion.org/infores/euguide/euguide.htm. If printing out the document, be sure to use PDF or else the right margin gets cut off.
Because of the extensive attention the European Union has received in the U.S. and abroad, there is quite a body of literature, both descriptive and analytical, on its institutions and operations. This guide is by no means comprehensive, but we have tried to identify some major sources of information and those reference works which can be used to find additional information.
In our first section we have described websites, databases, and other sources for researching EU legislation and legislative documents, publications, statistical sources, and guides to EU documentation. In Section III we have listed a variety of bibliographies, guides, handbooks, dictionaries, yearbooks, and other reference works which contain information about either the European Union or West European Studies in general. These resources can be used to track down other materials and citations; the yearbooks are useful for finding general information about the European Union and other European organizations. Section IV identifies websites by EU institutions and agencies, as well as other related websites about the EU.
Finally, we have listed a number of journals which regularly contain information about the European Union. Other journals which almost always have articles about the EU in each volume are Journal of European Social Policy, European Urban and Regional Studies, Government and Opposition, World Today, European Journal of Political Research, West European Politics, International Organization, and Journal of European Integration.
4 II. RESEARCHING EUROPEAN UNION DOCUMENTATION
The search for European Union publications and documents begins on the Internet with the EU databases and the websites of the institutions and other bodies found on EUROPA (http://europa.eu.int/), the official site of the European Union. The website of the Delegation of the European Commission of the United States in Washington, D.C. (http:/www.eurunion.org/) is another excellent source for researching EU information. The guide, Accessing European Union Information, found on this website describes the documentation and provides links to the databases. In addition annual reports, such as the General Report on the Activities of the European Union, provide footnotes to documents. Searching these reports will provide useful descriptions of various topics and will give a number of references to important legislation.
This chapter covers legislation, selected databases, and other sources for information. For more in- depth descriptions and research methods, use Accessing European Union Information, and the earlier guides described in Section II.D. of this chapter.
Assistance is provided to researchers in Indiana through the EU depository libraries at the University of Notre Dame and Indiana University Libraries in Bloomington. A complete list of depository libraries in the United States is found on the Internet at: http://www.eurunion.org/infores/libmap.htm.
Another source for assistance on the European Union is the Library of the Delegation of the European Commission in Washington DC. The Library works closely with the depository libraries and offers reference assistance to these libraries and to individuals studying the European Union. After trying one of the depository libraries, the researcher may wish to contact this library for further assistance. The address is:
Library Press and Public Affairs Section Delegation of the European Commission to the United States 2300 M Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 Telephone: (202) 862-9500 Fax: (202) 429-1766
The sales agent for purchasing European Union publications in the United States is:
Bernan 4611-F Assembly Drive Lanham, MD 20706-4391 Telephone: 1-800-274-4888 Fax: 1-800-865-3450 Internet: www.bernan.com E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
5 II.A. LEGISLATION
A good description of the legal order of the European Union and the legislative process is found in the publication: The ABC of Community Law, by Klaus-Dieter Borchart. 5th ed. (European Documentation Series). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000. This is also found on the web at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/ publications/booklets/eu_documentation/02/index_en.htm. Another excellent source discussing the treaties and the legislative process is: Accessing European Union Information (http://www.eurunion.org/infores/resguide.htm).
Primary Legislation
The Treaties, which are legal instruments created directly by the member states, are the primary legislation of the European Union. All of the Treaties are in the EUR-Lex database (http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/search/search_treaties.html). Some of them are available in three printing formats: HTML, PDF, and TIF image; others are only in a TIF image. The TIF can be requested free of charge by email. The return email, which arrives within a very short time, gives the URL for a compressed (zipped) file, containing the text of the treaty. The texts of several of the treaties are also on the Internet at: http://europa.eu.int/abc/treaties_en.htm. The Treaties were also published in paper format and were sent to depository libraries:
Treaties Establishing the European Communities; Treaties, Amending these Treaties; Documents Concerning the Accession. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1973. A later edition of this compilation was published in 1978 and Amendments to the 1978 Edition…was published in 1981.
Treaties Establishing the European Communities: Treaties Amending these Treaties: Single European Act: Resolutions, Declarations. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1987.
Treaty on European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1992.
Treaty of Amsterdam Amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties Establishing the European Communities and Certain Related Acts. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1997.
European Union: Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1997.
Treaty of Nice: Amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties Establishing the European Communities and Certain Related Acts. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2001.
6 Secondary Legislation
The legislation made by the EU institutions in exercising the powers given to them by the Treaties is called the secondary legislation. The texts of this legislation and other official acts are published in the Official Journal of the European Union, L and C Series (OJ), 2003- . Formerly entitled Official Journal of the European Communities, L and C Series, 1973-2002.
Legislation-L Series: contains regulations, decisions, directives, recommendations, opinions, and other binding acts.
Communications-C Series: includes information and notices of the Commission, daily EURO rates, minutes of parliamentary meetings, court of auditors annual report, summaries of judgments of the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, parliamentary written questions and answers until Dec. 1999, common positions of the Council from 1994-2001, Commission proposals for legislation until July 1999.
Annual indexes are published which relate primarily to the L Series: Alphabetical Index to the Official Journal Covers L Series. Methodological Index to the Official Journal Covers L Series, and the Court of Justice cases in the C Series.
The L and C Series are published in print, on CD-ROM since 1998, and on microfiche. Many of the depository libraries now receive the CD-ROM version. The full text is also available online from 1998 onwards through EUR-Lex (http://europa.eu.int/eur- lex/en/index.html).
Communications-CE Series: this is a new electronic only series containing the major proposals of the Commission from July 1999 onwards, and the parliamentary written questions and answers from January 2000. In 2002 Council common positions were moved to this series. Prior to this, these documents were published in the C Series. This CE Series is only available in the EUR-Lex database and on the CD-ROM version of OJ. To find it in EUR-Lex, look for the Official Journal C Series first; the CE issues are listed next to the C issues of the same date.
Older Editions of the Official Journal The official English and Danish language editions of the OJ began in 1973 with the accession of the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Denmark. Prior to that time, the OJ was only published in the four official languages, Dutch, French, German, and Italian. Most of the depository libraries in the US received the French edition. The titles were: Journal officiel de la Communauté européenne du charbon et de l'acier. Luxembourg: Service des publications de la Communauté, 1952-1958. Journal officiel des Communautés européennes. Bruxelles: Les Communautés, 1958-1967. Journal officiel des Communautés européennes. Legislation. Luxembourg: Office des publications officielles des Communautés, 1968-1972.
7 Journal officiel des Communautés européennes. Communications et informations. Luxembourg: Office des publications officielles des Communautés, 1968-1972.
The official translation of the secondary legislation enacted between 1952 and 1972 that was still in force on January 1, 1973 was published in two editions: Special Edition of the Official Journal of the European Communities. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1972. This consisted of texts of acts still in force for which publication in the OJ was obligatory. Special Edition of the Official Journal of the European Communities. Second Series. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1974. This consisted of acts still in force whose publication in the OJ would not have been obligatory.
Online Legislative Services
EUR-Lex (http://europa.eu int/eur-lex/en/index.html) is the free portal to the complete collections of EU legal texts in all of the official languages. It contains the full-text of the Official Journal of the European Union (OJ) from 1998 to the present. The OJ can be searched by words found in the text; more detailed searching can be done in the CELEX database. The website also includes the Treaties, EU legislation in force, the texts of consolidated legislation, legislative proposals, case law, parliamentary questions, and documents of public interest, such as green and white papers, and selected COM and SEC documents. It provides links to CELEX (described below); OEIL - the legislative observatory of the European Parliament; PreLex - the database covering the major steps in the decision-making process between the Commission and the other institutions; TED: Tenders Electronic Daily Database; and CURIA - the database of the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, which offers searching for judgments and orders of the Court.
CELEX (Communitatis europeae lex) (http://europa.eu.int/celex/htm/celex_en.htm) is the official legal database of the European Union. It is available in all official EU working languages. Coverage includes Community legislation, preparatory acts, references to national implementing measures, case-law of the European courts, and parliamentary questions. The database covers the OJ L Series, as well as additional information on community law. Coverage of items in the OJ C Series is full-text beginning with 1995. Dates of coverage for a number of other items are given in the guide, Accessing European Union Information, under the CELEX description. The database provides two searching options: menu search and expert search with advanced search strategies. The CELEX reference manual is available online, along with an online demonstration of typical search strategies, and an expert search quick start guide. Options for printing out full text documents are HTML, PDF, and TIF for legislation older than 1998. HTML versions can have huge gaps, and exclude graphics, tables, and annexes. The PDF version is printed from the paper version, and is used primarily for the documents from 1998 onwards. The TIF version is considered tamper proof. In July 2004, CELEX and EUR-Lex will be merged. This service will be free of charge and will offer the navigational features of EUR-Lex together with the CELEX search capabilities. At the
8 present time users must have a password to use CELEX. Depository libraries have a password to provide free access. Access is intended for the use of staff serving the public. Users must come into the library to use it. The CELEX database is also available through "Legal Research" on the menu of Lexis-Nexis Academic, which is a subscription database; here, under “International Legal Materials,” look for “EU Law (CELEX).” This category is divided into six sections for searching: cases, legislation, parliamentary questions, and abstracts of preparatory acts, treaties, and national provisions for implementing directives.
Additional Resources
Directory of Community Legislation in Force and Other Acts of the Community Institutions. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1984- . Formerly entitled: Register of Current Community Legal Instruments, 1980-1983. Issued twice a year, this series gives broad subject access to the legislation, decisions, directives, and other legislation in force. Each entry gives the number and title of the legislation, and the citation to the Official Journal-L Series. It is indexed by keyword and chronologically by document number. It is also available online through EUR-Lex under "Legislation" (http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/index.html).
Consolidated Legislation (http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/consleg/index1.html) These consolidated versions of legislation contain the basic instruments of legislation, along with their amendments and corrections combined into single, non-official documents. Because of the frequency of new amending legal acts, the collection of Consolidated Legislation cannot be considered complete and up-to-date. They are to be used only as a readable version, and they have no legal value. They are found on this site through a chronological index and through the analytical structure adopted from the Directory of Community Legislation in Force. EUR-Lex stores only the latest available consolidated texts. Earlier editions at one time were sent to depository libraries as Collection of Consolidated Texts: Provisional, Unrevised Texts.
SCADPlus - Activities of the European Union - Summaries of Legislation (http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/info_scad_en.htm) This website provides fact sheets summarizing legislation in thirty policy areas, covering existing measures, as well as legislative proposals. It provides links to the full texts of the decisions, directives, regulations, and COM documents, and to other sites for more information. This is a comprehensive site that is updated daily.
Legislative Documents
These documents consist of the COM Documents of the Commission, the sessional reports and debates of the European Parliament, the opinions of the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, and the common positions of the Council. Over the years many of them
9 were distributed in paper or microfiche to the depository libraries, and they now appear on the Internet. Many are also published in the Official Journal.
These documents are often cited in the Bulletin of the European Union and the General Report on the Activities of the European Union. Some separate catalogs were published, which listed these documents and provided some indexing: EC Index (European Communities Index). Bredestraat, the Netherlands: Europe Data, 1984- 1986. Catalogue. Part B. Documents. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1985-1986. Documents. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1987-Nov. 2000. Indexing is available on the Internet through the bibliographic database, ECLAS; and the legal databases, EUR-Lex and CELEX. Individual indexing of the specific categories of documents is also available on the web and is described below.
Commission
COM Documents – The Commission, one of the five institutions of the European Union, issues legislative proposals, reports, and communications. These are called COM Documents. They were distributed to depository libraries at first in paper, and then from 1983-2002 on microfiche. These contained the explanatory memorandum, which provides background on the legislative proposal. The COM Documents were also published in the OJ C Series until June 1999, but they did not contain the explanatory memoranda. The COM Documents have appeared in the OJ CE Series since July 1999. From about 1994 onwards, the legislative proposals are available on EUR-Lex under the menu selection, “List of Available Commission Proposals,” and are arranged by year and number; these contain the explanatory memoranda. The COM Documents, which are the communications and reports, are found under the “Documents of Public Interest” menu selection, which also includes those issued as green and white papers. There were several early indexes or lists published: Index of COM Documents, 1981, by Giancarlo Pau. Bedfordshire, UK: Euroinformation Limited, 1982. This is arranged by keyword or policy appearing in the title of the document. Includes a subject index and a numerical list of the documents. EURODOC: A Monthly Review of European Community Documents and Related Publications. Bedfordshire, UK: Euroinformation Limited, 1982. Provides titles and abstracts of COM Documents, as well as some EC sales publications, related Parliamentary reports, and a selection of institutional and commercial publications on EC policies. The issues are not cumulative. The publication ceased before all of the 1982 COM Documents were issued, so the following list must also be consulted for COM (82) 685 to the end.
10 List of Available COM Documents, 1982. (Issued as Documentation Bulletin, A, 1982 Supplement. Brussels, SCAD, 1982). This was a weekly list of COM Documents issued during 1982. A cumulation by broad subject was prepared for the documents released from January-September 1982. The weekly sheets covered the rest of the year.
Annual Catalogue COM Documents, 1983-1984. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1984-1985. Divided into three parts: a classified section by broad subject headings; a keyword alphabetical index; and a numerical list of documents.
Index to 1987 COM Documents of the Commission of the European Communities. Neubury, UK: Eurofi PLC, 1988. The documents are indexed by the keyword or policy which appears in the titles. Reference to their publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities is made when available.
Committee of the Regions
Opinions – This committee, created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, issues opinions as part of the consultation procedure of the legislative process. These opinions are published in the OJ C Series. They can be searched in EUR-Lex under “Legislation in Preparation” for the full text. They are also available on the Committee’s website through the “Access to Opinions Search Engine” (http://coropinions.cor.eu.int/coropinions.aspx), which allows for searching by keyword or opinion number to get the text of the opinion. They were also distributed in paper to depository libraries until 2002.
Council of the European Union
Common Positions – The common position is a document produced by the Council after the first reading of a Commission proposal by the European Parliament and before the second reading. It is part of the cooperation and co-decision procedures introduced with the Single Act, which amended the Treaties and entered into force in July 1987. From 1994-2001, the texts of the common positions were published in the Official Journal, C Series. Starting with 2002, they have been issued in the OJ CE Series. Prior to 1994, there was no regular distribution of the common positions. They were periodically listed in the OJ C Series, and the Council had to be contacted to obtain copies or to get on the mailing list. From 1989-1993, the Indiana University Library, Bloomington, was on the mailing list to receive copies.
Activities of the Council - The current activities of the Council are described under several topics on the Council’s homepage (http://ue.eu.int/en/main.htm). Annual reviews of the work of the Council were published in paper format through 1996. Prior to 1972, there was no English language edition.
11 Review of the Council’s Work, by the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1992-1996. Review of the Council’s Work. Luxembourg: General Secretariat of the Council of European Communities, 1972-1991. Aperçu des activités du Conseil. Strasbourg: Secretariat du Conseil, 1967/68-1970/71. Aperçu des activités des Conseils. Strasbourg: Secretariat des Conseils des Communautés européenes, octobre 1959/60-juin 1967.
Economic and Social Committee
Opinions - This committee is made up of representatives from various social and economic interest groups representing consumers, industry, labor, and other groups from civil society. Its opinions are sent to the Council, the Commission, and the European Parliament, and can become part of the legislative process. The opinions are published in the OJ C Series. They can be searched in EUR- Lex under "Legislation in Preparation" for the full text. They are also available on the ESC website from 1990 onwards. Under the "Documents" section (http://www.esc.eu.int/pages/en/docs/ content.htm), and then “opinions,” they can be searched by keyword or opinion number to get the text of the opinion. From 1984-2002, the opinions were distributed on microfiche to the depository libraries. A separate Opinions, Annual Catalogue, 1984 was issued.
European Parliament
One of the EU institutions, the European Parliament is made up of representatives of the people of the member states. Some of the legislative materials include the debates, minutes of the proceedings, and reports (sessional) documents. The EP's website, EUROPARL, in the section on "plenary sessions," serves as an excellent source for current documentation. The URL is http://www.europarl.eu.int/plenary/default_en.htm.
Debates - The speeches appear very quickly in the "Verbatim Report of Proceedings" in this section of the website. The text is in the original language of the speaker. About a month later the text is translated into all of the official languages of the EU and is on this same website; the speeches can be found here back to 1996. Indexes to the debates covering 1984-1999 are also available on the website. The debates have also been published in various formats as an annex to the Official Journal: Official Journal of the European Communities: Debates of the European Parliament. CD- ROM - from July 1999- . Microfiche - 1973-May 1999. The debates were also published in paper. Prior to 1973, the Official Journal was published only in the official languages, Dutch, French, German, and Italian. There was no English language edition. Most of the depositories received the French language edition. The titles were: Journal officiel des Communautés européennes. Annexe. Débats du Parlement européen. 1968-1972.
12 Débats (European Parliament). 1962/63-1967/68. Débats (European Parliamentary Assembly). 1958-1961/62.
Minutes of Proceedings of the Sittings - The Minutes of the plenary sessions are found in EUROPARL in the "plenary sessions" section (http://www/europarl.eu.int/plenary.default_en.htm). They are available by date back to July 1994 and can be searched by word in the title. Several months after they first appear in EUROPARL, the Minutes are published in the OJ CE Series; they were published in the OJ C Series through 1999. The opinions of the European Parliament are published in the Minutes. Two important items that appear in the Minutes are: Texts Adopted by the European Parliament is a series issued in the Minutes, and published in EUROPRL and in the OJ CE and OJ C Series. In EUROPARL, they appear as a separate category, and can be searched by date, number, and word in the title. Separate paper or microfiche copies of the Texts Adopted were distributed to depository libraries from 1985- 1989. The record of votes, including the roll call votes, is another important item found in the Minutes in the OJ CE Series and earlier in the OJ C Series. They are also found in the Minutes in EUROPARL for a number of years.
Reports (Session) Documents - These documents are reports of the committees to the plenary sessions. They are available on the Internet in EUROPARL, "plenary sessions" section under the heading "Reports" (http://www.europarl.eu.int/plenary/default_en.htm). They are available on the web back to 1996 and can be searched by rapporteur, committee, number, and word in title or text. They were available in print until 1990 and on microfiche from 1985-1997. From 1998 onwards they are only available on the Internet. The earlier title was Working Documents, 1961-1985. Only selected documents were issued in English from 1961-1972, but they were not considered in the official text. Prior to 1973, the official documents were only in Dutch, French, German, and Italian. Most of the depository libraries received the French edition, Documents de séance.
II.B. SELECTED SOURCES FOR RESEARCH
The following items have been selected because of their frequency of use. Additional topics and databases may be found through searching the "A to Z Index of European Union Websites" on the Delegation's website (http://www.eurunion.org/infores/euindex.htm). The guide to finding information on EUROPA by topic is found at: http://europa.eu.int/geninfo/info/guide/index_en.htm.
Acronyms/terminology EURODICAUTOM (http://europa.eu.int/eurodicautom/edic/response_DG.jsp) This is the online multilingual terminology database of the European Commission. It contains a broad range of terms, but specializes in the technical terminology of agriculture, telecommunications, transportation, legislation, and finance related to EU policy.
13 A glossary of about 250 terms on European integration and on EU institutions and activities, updated regularly, is found at: http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/info_glossary.htm. A plain language guide to Eurojargon, those hard to understand words and expressions used in the media, is found at http://europa.eu.int/abc/eurojargon/index_en.htm. The following print sources are also available for acronyms and abbreviations: Eurojargon: Dictionary of European Union Acronyms, Abbreviations and Terminology, edited by Eric Davies, 7th ed. Manchester, UK: European Information Services, 2004. European Union R and D Acronyms, by European Commission, Directorate-General Telecommunications, Information Market and Exploitation of Research. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1995. Glossaire des sigles et acronymes=Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms, by Elizabeth Hernandez. Version 4. Bruxelles: Direction générale politique d'entreprise, commerce, tourisme et economie sociales (DG XXIII), 1994.
Bulletin of the European Union. Brussels: European Commission, Secretariat-General, 1994- . The full text is also available online since 1996 with an annual cumulative index (http://europa.eu.int/abc/doc/off/bull/en/welcome.htm). Superseded the Bulletin of the European Communities, 1968-1993. The monthly Bulletin reports on the activities of the EU by broad topic, such as human rights, citizenship, and enlargement, as well as on the activities of the institutions. The footnotes given in the articles serve as an aid to finding legal documentation. Important Commission documents, including proposals for legislation, used to be published as supplements to the Bulletin. The contents of the supplements that were published from 1968 to 1971 are listed on pp. 264-266 of the Catalogue des Publications 1952-1971, Vol. 1. The titles of the supplements issued from 1972-1979 appear on pp. 38-42 of Guide to the Official Publications of the European Communities, by John Jeffries. Supplements issued from 1980-1988, no.1, are listed on pp. 64-66 of Ian Thomson's, Documentation of the European Communities: A Guide. More recent supplements are listed in the publications catalogues of the EU. Printed supplements ceased in 2001. Prior to 1968 two of the Communities, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), each published separate monthly bulletins. The European Atomic Energy Community did not issue one. The titles for the ECSC were: Bulletin Mensuel d'Information, 1956-1959 and Bulletin de la Communauté du Charbon et de l'Acier, 1960-1967. These two bulletins appeared only in the official languages, French, German, Dutch, and Italian. There was no English language edition. The Bulletin of the European Economic Community, 1958-1967, was published in the official languages and in English and Spanish. The supplements to this Bulletin are listed on pp. 253-263 of the Catalogue des Publications, 1952-1971.
14 Competition – merger cases The texts of Phase I decisions of merger cases are available on the competition website (http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/mergers/cases). Although the announcement of a decision is made in the Official Journal in all of the official languages of the EU, the text of a decision is made available only in the original language of the case, and is provided on this website.
CORDIS (Community Research and Development Information Service) http://www.cordis.lu/en/home.html This database contains bibliographical citations and abstracts of publications resulting from the research and technology programs financed from the budget of the EU. It includes EUR reports, articles, and conference papers. This database also covers the official documents of EU research and development and provides the documents in PDF and/or Word format. The Library of the Delegation of the European Commission in Washington, D.C. has some EUR reports available for use through interlibrary loan.
Databases A link to the databases available on the web through EUROPA is found at: http://europa.eu.int/geninfo/info/guide/dbsubject/index_en.htm. The databases are listed by subjects, such as archives, bibliographic/documentary references, environment, the Euro, legal, press, and social; as well as alphabetically by name. Most of them are free to the user. This “databases” link is also found through the “A to Z Index of European Union Websites” on the Delegation’s website: http://www.eurunion.org/infores/euindex.htm.
Directorates-General and Services A list with direct links to the websites of the individual directorates-general and services is available on EUROPA at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs_en.htm. The list is arranged by four different categories: EU policy directorates, external relations, general services, and internal services.
ECLAS: European Commission Libraries Catalogue (http://europa.eu.int/eclas) ECLAS is a bibliographical database consisting of about 350,000 completed catalog records on European affairs. About 7000 new records are added each year. It includes references to EU publications and documents, as well as to books and reports of intergovernmental organizations, commercial, academic and government presses, and selected periodical articles. These materials cover European integration, the policies and activities of the EU institutions, and materials on member states of the EU. The catalog is strong from 1978 to the present, and includes key materials from earlier years. ECLAS is now cataloging Internet resources in the area of European integration. These bibliographical records provide a link to the full electronic documents. To search exclusively for these electronic resources, click on the "Internet Resources" button on the home page of ECLAS.
15 Enlargement Two websites are available which provide information on enlargement. The first is the website of the Directorate-General for Enlargement: http://europa.eu.int/comm/ enlargement/report_2003/index.htm. It provides an overview of the enlargement process and links to the recent reports monitoring progress of countries toward accession. The enlargement guide on the Delegation website (http://www.eurunion.org/legislat/ agd2000/agd2000.htm) gives an enlargement fact sheet with the dates for accession, as well as numerous links to websites providing information and documentation about the countries. Earlier reports on Agenda 2000 and the Commission’s opinions on applications for membership were published in 1997 and 1998 as supplements to the Bulletin of the European Union.
Eurobarometer. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities, 1974- . The European Commission conducts public opinion surveys (“Standard Barometer Surveys”) every spring and autumn. They are published in a print copy and are also available on the web: http://europa.eu.int/comm/public_opinion/. Most of the issues are archived on the website. These surveys have been monitoring the evolution of public opinion in the member states, and they cover major topics of European citizenship, such as enlargement, culture, health, the social situation, information technology, the Euro, and defense. There are four different types of polls available: the standard surveys published twice a year and special surveys; candidate country surveys published once a year; telephone Flash Eurobarometers, which are used to target special groups; and qualitative research (focus group in-depth interviews).
European Access. Cambridge: Chadwyck-Healey, 1980-2002. This bimonthly journal covered the activities and policies of the European Union, and included articles on EU developments. It contained bibliographical references to books and to articles in journals and newspapers, as well as to EU publications, documents, and press releases. It also included a list of new websites with information about the EU. This journal has been superseded by the online subscription service, KnowEurope, which provides information about the institutions, structures, countries, people, and policies of the EU and of wider Europe. Some features of the database are free of charge, such as the top ten stories each week from European Voice and a web directory. It also provides free access to the Directory of European Union Political Parties. For more information on KnowEurope, see http://www.knoweurope.net/html/whatsin.htm.
EUROSTAT: Statistical Office of the European Communities (http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat) EUROSTAT is the major producer of statistical data for the European Union. It collects data from the national statistical offices and harmonizes the data according to a single methodology. The data becomes available to the public through printed publications, and with free online publications on its website. This site provides information about both print and electronic products and provides the free link to PDF versions of the recent annuals and other publications listed on the site. The EUROSTAT website serves as an online catalog of its recent publications. By clicking on the "publications" heading on the menu, one will find a list of recent titles by series, along
16 with the price of printed editions, and a link to the PDF versions. The publications are also listed by nine subject themes. Only the latest edition of an annual title, and only the latest issue of a priced periodical, is on the website. An annual printed catalog from EUROSTAT is also available: EUROSTAT Publications and Databases: Practical Mini-Guide. To help maintain access to older publications, EUROSTAT produces the EUROSTAT Electronic Library, a CD-ROM series that reflects the content of the EUROSTAT web site on a given day, and provides the full texts of the publications on the website on that day. This CD-ROM is issued monthly and sent to depository libraries. Most of the EUROSTAT publications are available in the microfiche collection of the Index to International Statistics (IIS), 1983- . Washington, DC: Congressional Information Service, 1984- . IIS also covers reports that contain important statistical data issued by other EU agencies. All of these publications are indexed in the IIS printed index to the microfiche. They are also indexed online in Lexis-Nexis Statistical, a subscription database, which covers IIS as one of its sources. Almost all printed publications used to be distributed to EU depository libraries. In 1989, EUROSTAT stopped sending many of these publications to depository libraries. Depositories now receive the titles in the Pocketbook and the Panorama of the European Union series in paper; however, they do not necessarily receive all of the titles in the Panorama series. Publications in the Detailed Tables series are not distributed in paper format to the depositories. EUROSTAT sells its data, and allows no direct access to its databases. Customized data must be purchased from a EUROSTAT Data Shop. The United States data shop is Haver Analytics, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10165-3310 (http://www.haver.com). Additional publications on the EUROSTAT website are: Press releases. These are available on the web from Jan. 1998 onwards. Statistics in Focus. They are a series of short papers presenting the results of surveys, statistical studies, or other statistical data. They are a good source for a statistical overview of a particular topic. EUROSTAT News. This series covers conferences and developments in statistical methodologies. To find additional statistics on EUROPA, go to the "Statistics" category of "How to find information on EUROPA" (http://europa.eu.int/geninfo/info/guide/index_en.htm#stat). This site provides links to additional sources. Statistics are also found in various EU annual reports and other documents. Looking on the Commission's Directorates General websites (http://europa.eu.int/comm/index_en.htm), as well as on those of other institutions and agencies, one will find additional free data.
EURISTOTE This is a bibliographical database of university research on European integration. It covers doctoral theses and post-doctoral research that are relevant to the study of European integration. The database also includes a list of professors and staff involved in this research and a list of addresses and telephone numbers for the universities and research centers
17 involved in the research. The database address is: http://europa.eu.int/comm/dg10/ university/euristote/index_en.html.
General Report on the Activities of the European Union. Brussels: The Commission, 1994- . The annual General Report, presented to the European Parliament in February, reviews the activities of the EU for the previous year. Important documents issued during that year are referred to in the footnotes. The report is available in a printed version; it is also available online from 1997 to the present: http://europa.eu.int/abc/doc/off/rg/en/welcome.htm. Summaries of the 1995 and 1996 editions are also on the website. The General Report is updated by the monthly Bulletin of the European Union. The report was previously entitled: General Report on the Activities of the Communities, 1967-1993. Prior to 1967, each of the Communities issued a separate annual report of activities. All of these reports were issued in the official languages, French, German, Italian, and Dutch, and were also translated into English. The General Report on the Activities of the Community of the European Coal and Steel Community was published from 1952-1967. The General Report on the Activities of the Community of the European Economic Community covered the period from 1958 to 1967. The General Report on the Activities of the Community of the European Atomic Energy Community was issued from 1958 to 1967. Additional annual reports covering specific topics are available in paper and online: Agriculture in the European Union: Statistical and Economic Information (http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/agrista/index_en.htm); Report on the Competition Policy (http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/annual_reports); and Social Situation in the European Union (http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/key_en.htm).
IDEA: The Electronic Directory of the European Institutions (http://europe.eu.int/idea/en/index/htm) This database, updated daily, consists of the directories of the various EU institutions. It gives the names and addresses of high-ranking EU civil servants. The directory may be searched by person, by organizational entity, by hierarchical ranking, and by PDF version of the directory, which is arranged by institution. The PDF version also provides a description of the institutions and contains maps of the locations of the institutions in Brussels, Luxembourg, and Strasbourg. A paper edition of the directory is published once a year as: Who's Who in the European Union?: Interinstitutional Directory, 1997- ; and previously as Interinstitutional Directory, European Union, 1994-1996. For earlier, see: Directory of the European Commission, December 1993 – June 1994; and Directory of the Commission of the European Communities, 1976-1993. The issues for April and September 1975 were published as special supplements to the Bulletin of the European Communities.
Publications Portal (http://europa.eu.int/publications/index_en.htm) This reference site serves as an index to all of the EU websites that cover publications. These sites may be accessed by a thematic index of EU policies and activities; or by an alphabetical list of all of these sites. For each site, it gives the name of the institution or agency and an indication of the publications on the site, with a link to the full text. Another
18 useful site is the list of Commission titles on the web: http://europa.eu.int/comm/ publications/atoz_en.htm.
RAPID (http://europa.eu.int/rapid/start/welcome.htm) This database, updated daily, contains all of the press releases of the Commission since 1985. It also contains press releases for the other EU institutions that wish to participate. For example, RAPID includes the press releases of the meetings of the Council since 1992; and the statements under the Common Foreign and Security Policy since 1995. The database may be searched by type of document, date, reference, keyword, or by a full text search. A link is also provided to a list of the most recent documents added to the database over the last seven days. For additional news releases, use the News section of EUROPA (http://europa.eu.int/news/ index_en.htm); and the EU Newsweb on the Delegation's website (http://www.eurunion.org/ newsweb/home.htm).
Standards, CE marking and new approach directives An excellent guide to this topic is provided on the Delegation's website: http://www.eurunion.org/legislat/standard/standard.htm. With information taken from the database, SCADPlus, this site provides links to the full text of these New Approach directives, which cover the product areas: toys; cosmetics; electrical and electronic equipment and gas appliances; machines; medical devices; pressure equipment; and other equipment, such as recreational craft, and information technology and telecommunications. The standards need to be acquired from national governmental and commercial sources. A link to a list of sources for these standards is provided on this website.
TED: Tenders Electronic Daily Contracts for public works and services and supply and utility contracts must be advertised in the European Union. This is done through the Supplement to the Official Journal (OJS). The online database to search for these is TED, which includes the current tenders and the archive for the last five years of the Supplement. TED is updated daily and is free of charge at: http://ted.publications.eu.int. The Supplement series is also available on a CD-ROM version. TED covers contracts from all EU member states and EFTA countries. It also covers a limited selection of tenders from the US, Japan, and other countries. The e-procurement Europe (SIMAP) website (http://simap.eu.int) provides background information on procurement rules and guidelines, as well as links to TED and other EU, national and international procurement opportunities.
II.C. CATALOGS OF PUBLICATIONS
The following list of catalogs may be used to help with searching for publications issued from the earliest period of the EU to the present. They are arranged in chronological order. The documents (COM, EP reports, and ESC opinions) are covered in the catalogs listed under "Legislative Documents" in Section II.A.
19 Additional sources for searching for publications, which are described above in II.B. "Selected Sources for Research", are: Publications portal, ECLAS, CORDIS, EUROSTAT, Lexis-Nexis Statistical/Index to International Statistics, and European Access.
In 2004, the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities will make the EU Bookshop available to depository libraries. This will be an online publications catalog. It will be an Internet portal to provide access to the text of publications and will have facilities for printing on demand. Depository libraries should be contacted for additional information.
Publications of the European Communities. Catalogue. March 1964-July 1967. Luxembourg: [Publications Dept. of the European Communities], 1967. Various catalogs of official publications were produced prior to this catalog. This edition remains one of the best because of the subject index. It lists the publications available in English. The catalog listing the French publications for this time period is: Publications des Communautés européennes. Catalogue, Mars 1964-Juillet 1967. A supplement to this French catalog was issued in 1969, which covers from August 1967 to December 1968. These catalogs have not been completely superseded by the 1952-1971 catalogs listed below, because they may contain some items, particularly free publications, not included in those cumulations.
Catalogue des Publications, 1952-1971, Vol. 1. Bruxelles: Communautés Européennes, 1972. (Bulletin des Communautés Européenes, Supplement Hors Série). This catalog lists the publications issued by the European Communities up to 1971, except for the scientific and technical publications. Some free publications, limited distribution documents, and EUR reports are included. The material is arranged as follows: publications issued by the Community as a whole, such as the treaties; and publications of the European Parliament, Council, Commission, Court of Justice, Economic and Social Committee, and European Investment Bank. The listing of the publications of the Commission constitutes the largest section of the catalog and is arranged by broad subject headings. The titles of the supplements to the Bulletin of the European Communities and the contents of other serial publications are listed in the annexes. Volume 2, which was to have contained the EURATOM scientific and technical reports, was never published.
List of the Publications of the European Communities in English: Supplement to the French Edition of the Catalogue of Publications of the European Communities 1952-1971. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities, 1972. The titles of publications issued in English by the European Communities during the period 1952-1971 and which were still available at the time this catalog was printed (1972) are included. The arrangement of the catalog is the same as the Catalogue des Publications, 1952-1971.
Katalog over Offentliggørelser foretaget af De europaeliske Faellesskabers Institutioner/ Catalogue of the Publications of the European Community Institutions 1972-1973. Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1974. A multilingual catalog with titles listed in all of the official languages in which they appeared. The arrangement is similar to that of the 1952-1971 catalog, but the statistical
20 office publications are divided under the various subject headings and are not kept together. There is no index.
Europaeiske Faellesskabers publikationer.../Publications of the European Communities. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1974-1979. Annual multilingual catalog divided into separate language sections.
Publications of the European Communities. Catalogue. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1980-1984. Annual catalog with an alphabetical index.
EC Index (European Communities Index). Bredestraat, the Netherlands: Europe Data, 1984-1986. An annual cumulation providing complete bibliographic coverage of monographs, periodicals, annuals and serials issued by EC institutions. It indexed the Official Journal, COM Documents, European Parliament working documents, Economic and Social Committee documents, and Court of Justice judgments. This index was published for three years only.
Catalogue. Part A: Publications. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1985-1986. Divided into two parts, this catalog began including the documents, as well as the publications. Part A covers the monographs and series published by each institution of the EC, as well as a list of the periodical titles. Catalogue. Part B: Documents gives bibliographic citations to the COM Documents, European Parliament reports, and Economic and Social Committee opinions. An alphabetical index is found in each part.
Publications of the European Communities. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1987-1990. This continues the coverage begun in the Catalogue. Part A. The monographs and monographic series are arranged by a broad subject classification, with alphabetical (keyword), title, and series indexes. There is a separate list of periodicals; a separate documents catalog was also issued.
Publications/Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Luxembourg: The Office, 1985/91-1998. This annual catalog lists the monographs, monographic series, and periodicals issued by the EU institutions from 1985-1997 which were still available. The last edition listed materials through 1997 and was published in 1998. The catalog is arranged by a subject classification and includes indexes by subject, title, and series. There is a separate list of periodicals.
General Catalogue of Publications. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999-2001. This annual catalog lists all publications of the European institutions issued since 1985 which were still available. They are arranged by a subject classification. There is a separate
21 list of periodicals, as well as subject, title, and series indexes. The 2001 edition lists publications still available from 1985-2000.
Key Publications of the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999/2000- . This annual catalog covers a selection of recent publications and titles issued by the EU institutions and other bodies. These include many titles covering EU legislation, annual reports, and statistical publications on a variety of subjects. The citations include a short description of the contents. The catalog is arranged by a broad thematic index and an alphabetical list of titles. This catalog superseded the earlier titles, European Union as a Publisher, 1995/96-1998/99; and European Community as a Publisher, 1978-1995, which were abstracts from the larger publications catalogs.
II.D. GUIDES TO THE DOCUMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
The most up-to-date guide, Accessing European Union Information, as well as earlier guides, are described in this section. By reading through these guides, the researcher will be able to learn the various types of materials that were published by the Communities over the years. They are arranged in descending chronological order.
Accessing European Union Information. Washington, DC: Library, Press and Public Affairs Section, Delegation of the European Commission, February, 2004. http://www.eurunion.org/infores/resguide.htm This excellent and thorough guide by Barbara Sloan, Manager of Public Inquiries and Library of the Delegations, is published on the Internet and updated frequently. It covers the printed and electronic resources of the EU. It describes the publishing operations, the treaties and the legislative process, and the electronic legislative resources, as well as the principal publications of the institutions and other EU agencies. Links are provided throughout to the sources being described. Other sections include Internet servers and selected websites, sources of statistical information, and historical archives. Annex 1, “Synoptic Tables of Basic Documents,” is a quick guide showing the availability of legislative documents and decisions in web databases, on CD-ROM, paper, and/or microfiche. Note: when printing out a copy, be sure to print out the PDF version in order to get the complete right hand margin. Barbara Sloan’s earlier publication is: EC 1992 and Beyond: Access to Information: A Guide to EC Documentation and Databases. Washington, D.C.: Public Inquiries Division, Office of Press and Public Affairs, Delegation of the Commission of the European Communities, 1992 (and revised in 1993). She also discusses European Union documentation and information in Chapter 3, “The European Union,” in International Information, Documents, Publications, and Electronic Information of International Government Organizations, edited by Peter I. Hajnal, Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1997, pp. 51-116.
22 Thomson, Ian. The Documentation of the European Communities: A Guide. London, New York: Mansell, 1989. 382p. This guide to EC publications begins with a description of European Community primary and secondary legislation. After this are several chapters devoted to the structure and functions of the Commission and its extensive publications program. Those of a general nature, such as the Bulletin and General Report on the Activities of the EC are described, followed by a discussion of the documentation of each of the directorates-general and the publications of the Statistical Office (EUROSTAT). Additional chapters cover the structure and documentation of the Council of Ministers, European Parliament, Economic and Social Committee, Court of Justice, and the Court of Auditors. Online services are described in an appendix.
Budd, Stanley A., and Jones, Alvin. The European Community: A Guide to the Maze. 3rd ed. London: Kogan Page, 1989. 207p. A description of the European Community and the way it works is presented in the first part of this book. Individual policies are discussed such as the employment and social policy, small and medium-sized enterprises, workers' participation and company law, transport, energy, and money and taxation. Policies in the process of change including political cooperation, the developing world, and agriculture and fisheries are also covered. Sources of information that would help the user to research these policy topics are given in a separate section.
Hopkins, Michael, ed. European Communities Information: Its Use and Users. London: Mansell, 1985. 304p. Senior Community officials have contributed chapters explaining the policies and practices adopted by the Community institutions regarding the provision of information and the arrangements made for its dissemination and use. The role and characteristics of the European Community as an official publisher are described. The second part of the volume describes the sources of European Community information and how they are used. These chapters are more bibliographic in nature and cover the topics: the law of the European Communities, grants and loans, statistical sources, agricultural policy, local government information, and the business community.
Lodge, Juliet, ed. The European Community: Bibliographical Excursions. Phoenix: Oryx Press, 1983. 259p. Part one of this volume covers the integration theory, decision making and the institutions of the European Community. Part two describes the EC internal policies such as the common agricultural and fisheries policies, the regional and industrial policy, the social policy, and the monetary policy. Part three covers the external relations policies of the EC with the Mediterranean, the African, and Caribbean and Pacific areas, the Eastern Bloc, the United States and China. An extensive bibliography of secondary sources is given at the end of each chapter.
Hopkins, Michael. Policy Formation in the European Communities: A Bibliographical Guide to Community Documentation, 1958-1978. London: Mansell, 1981. 339p. The process by which policy is made in the European Communities based on the relationships between EC institutions, national governments and other interest groups is
23 described in Chapter 1. Subsequent chapters cover general developments in the Communities and its main policy sectors from 1958-1978. Each chapter contains a descriptive essay and a bibliography recording the important documents that reflect the evolution of policy. Each of these documents is annotated. The policy sectors discussed are: economic and financial affairs, the common market, industry, science and research, energy, agriculture and fisheries, transport, regional policy, environment and consumer protection, social affairs, education and culture, external relations, and development cooperation.
Jeffries, John. A Guide to the Official Publications of the European Communities. 2nd ed. London: Mansell, 1981. 298p. This guide provides descriptions of the publications arranged according to the institution or other body from which they originated. Among them are the publications of the Court of Justice, Council of Ministers, European Parliament, European Investment Bank, and the Economic and Social Committee. The documents published on behalf of all the institutions, such as the Treaties and the Official Journal are covered in a separate section. The Commission publications are arranged by broad subject categories which conform to the arrangement of these publications in the official catalog of the European Communities. Statistical Office publications are covered extensively. The chapter on bibliographic aids describes the various catalogs and bulletins which have been issued to provide access to these publications.
Neilson, June, comp. Reports of the European Communities, 1952-1977: An Index to Authors and Chairmen. London: Mansell, 1981. 561p. This index, containing only publications which have a recognized author, is arranged by author or committee chairman with an accompanying subject index. Full bibliographical information to the reports is given under the author's name. Several categories of reports are excluded: Working Documents of the European Parliament and EUR scientific and technical reports. Most internal documents known by a COM or SEC number are also not included.
24 III. THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. REFERENCE SOURCES
Bibliographies
Bibliography on the Council, by Subject. Luxembourg: Council of the European Union, 1999.
Evans, Eva. A Selective Bibliography of Books on European Integration 1990-1994. London: University Association for Contemporary European Studies, 1995.
Germain, Claire M. "European Community Law: A Selective Bibliography of Publications in English, French, and German, with Annotations." International Journal of Law Librarianship 8 (1980): 239-281.
Gordon, Colin. The Atlantic Alliance: A Bibliography. London: F. Pinter, 1978.
Kearley, Timothy. "An American Researcher's Guide to European Community Law and Legal Literature." Law Library Journal 75 (1982): 52-97.
Siemers, J. P. European Integration: Select International Bibliography of Theses and Dissertations. Boston: Niijhoff, 1981.
Warnecke, Steven J. The European Community. New York: Council for European Studies, 1978.
Watson, Glyn. Intergovernmental Relations in the Member States of the European Community: A Bibliographical Study Guide. Winteringham, UK: Earlsgate Press, 1993.
Watson, Glyn. The Public Sector in the Member States of the European Community: A Bibliographical Study Guide. Birmingham, UK: Earlsgate Press, 1993.
Wilkin, Phil. “European Integration, 1945-2003: From the European Economic Community to the European Union.” Choice 40 (2003): 1851-1866.
Guides
General
Barbour, Philippe. The European Union Handbook. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1996.
Blank, Stephen. Western European Studies in the United States. Pittsburgh: Council for European Studies, 1975.
Budd, Stanley A. The European Community: A Guide to the Maze. London: Kegan Paul, 1989.
Cairns, Walter. Introduction to European Union Law. 2nd ed. London: Cavendish Printing, 2002.
25 Church, Clive H., and David Phinnemore, eds. European Union and European Community: A Handbook and Commentary on Post-Maastricht Treaties. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994.
Collester, Bryan, ed. The European Community: A Guide to Information Sources. Detroit: Gale, 1979.
Cook, Christopher, and John Paxton. European Political Facts, 1918-1984. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.
Cooper, Mike. Free on the EU: A Guide to Free Sources of Information about and from the European Union. Manchester, UK: European Information Association, 1996.
Coppel, Jonathan. EMU: Facts, Challenges and Policies. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development, 1999.
Corbett, Richard. The Treaty of Maastricht: From Conception to Ratification: A Comprehensive Reference Guide. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1993.
Cosgrove, Carol A. A Reader's Guide to Britain and the European Communities. London: Chatham House, 1970.
Deckmyn, Veerle. Guide to Official Information of the European Union. 3rd ed. Brussels: European Institute of Public Administration, 1998.
Dimitropoulou-Hassiotis, Maria. A Guide to the European Union: Institutions, Policies, Programmes, Funds, and Entry Tests to the EU Institutions. Camberley, UK: Porphyrogenitus, 1999.
Dossiers de la Haute Authorité de la Communauté européene du charbon et de l’acier: Repertoire. Volume 1, 1952-1956. Luxembourg: Office des publications officielles des Communautés Européennes, 1989.
Europe Data. European Legal Literature Information Service. Washington, DC: Congressional Information Service, 1984-1989.
European University Institute. Guide to the Historical Archives of the European Communities. 2nd ed. Florence: European University Institute, 1990.
Fouloy, Christian de. The Practical U.S. Resource Guide to the European Union. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1998.
Gillies, Dorothy. A Guide to EC Environmental Law. London: Earthscan, 1999.
Gower, Jackie. The European Union Handbook. 2nd ed. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2002.
Guide to the Archives of Member States’ Foreign Ministries and European Union Institutions. 2nd ed. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996.
26 Handbook on Equal Treatment for Women and Men in the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999.
Hopkins, Michael, ed. European Communities Information: Its Use and Users. London: Mansell, 1985.
Hudson, Grace. Guide to Information on the Enlargement of Europe. Manchester, UK: European Information Association, 1995.
Inventory of the Historical Archives, vol. 1: Records of the High Authority of the ECSC, 1952: Speeches, 1952-1967. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1985.
Jordan, Andrew. A Guide to EU Environmental Policy: Actors, Institutions and Processes. London: Earthscan, 2001.
Kauffman, Mark A. The European Community: An Essential Guide Toward Knowing and Understanding the EC. Mansfield, OH: Stone and Quill, 1993.
Leonard, R. L. Pocket Guide to the European Community. London: Economist Publications, 1989.
Mathijsen, P. S. R. F., ed. A Guide to European Union Law. 6th ed. London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1995.
McGiffen, Steven P. The European Union: A Critical Guide. London: Pluto Press, 2001.
Moussis, Nicholas. Handbook of European Union: Institutions and Policies. Rixensart, Belgium: EDIT-EUR, 1994.
Palmer, Doris M. Sources of Information on the Europe Communities. London: Mansell, 1979.
Roney, Alex, and Stanley Budd. The European Union: A Guide through the EC/EU Maze. 6th ed. London: Kogan Page, 1998.
Schraepler, Hans-Albrecht. The European Handbook. New York: Pergamon, 1991.
Scott, Gay. The European Economic Community: A Guide to Sources of Information. London: Capital Planning Information, 1979.
Sharp, Dorothy. Guide to Information on European Union Environment Policy. 2nd ed. Manchester, UK: European Information Association, 1997.
Vanthoor, W. F. V. A Chronological History of the European Union, 1946-2001. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2002.
Wynne, Ben. Guide to Information on Social Policy in Europe. Manchester, UK: European Information Association, 1995.
27 Economics and Business
1992: The Single Market Handbook. London: Euromonitor, 1990.
Chabot, Christian N. Understanding the Euro: The Clear and Concise Guide to the New Trans- European Economy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.
Chesworth, Niki, and Susie Pine-Coffin. The EMU Fact Book. London: Kogan Page 1998.
Coffey, Peter. The Euro: An Essential Guide. London: Continuum, 2001.
Doing Business in the European Community. New York: Price Waterhouse, 1994.
Drummond, Olive F. The Common Market: Sources of Information: Select List - Addresses, Directories, Statistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh College of Commerce Library, 1972.
ECU Handbook. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities, 1992.
European Markets: A Guide to Company and Industry Information Sources. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Washington Researchers Publishing, 1987.
European Union Business Law Handbook. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing, 1995.
Fraser, Robert, ed. Western European Economic Organizations: A Comprehensive Guide. Harlow, UK: Longman, 1992.
Grahl, John. After Maastricht: A Guide to European Monetary Union. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1997.
Harris, Godfrey, ed. European Union Almanac: Handbook on the World’s Largest Single Marketplace. Los Angeles: Americas Group, 1996.
Jolly, Adam. The European Business Handbook 2001. 8th ed. London: Kogan Page, 2001.
Lecher, Wolfgang, ed. Trade Unions in the European Union. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1994.
Morris, Brian, and Klaus Boehm. The European Community: A Practical Directory and Guide for Business, Industry, and Trade. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 1986.
Overton, David. Common Market Digest: An Information Guide to the European Communities. New York: Facts on File, 1984.
Roney, Alex. The EC/EU Fact Book: A Complete Guide. 6th ed. London: Kogan Page, 2000.
Sources of European Economic and Business Information. 5th ed. Aldershot: Gower, 1990.
Thorn, Philip, and Jean M. Lack, eds. Banking and Sources of Finance in the European Community. London: Banker Research Unit, 1977.
28 United States. Department of Commerce. EC 1992: A Commerce Department Analysis of European Community Directives. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1989. 2 vols.
Election Statistics
Cook, Chris, and Mary Frances. The First European Elections: A Handbook and Guide. London: Macmillan, 1979.
Dod’s Parliamentary Companion 2004. London: Vacher Dod, 2004.
Europe Votes 1: European Parliamentary Election Results 1979. Chichester, England: Parliamentary Research Service, 1980.
Europe Votes 2: European Parliamentary Election Results 1979-1984. Chichester, England: Parliamentary Research Service, 1985.
Europe Votes 3: European Parliamentary Election Results 1989. Brookfield: Dartmouth, 1990.
Guide to the European Parliament, 1994-1999. Brussels: EU Committee of the American Chamber of Commerce, 1995.
Gorrin, Ian, ed. Elections Since 1945: A Worldwide Reference Compendium. Chicago: St. James Press, 1989.
Mackie, Thomas T., and Richard Rose. The International Almanac of Electoral History. 3rd ed. London: Macmillan, 1991.
Mochmann, Ekkehard. Inventory of National Election Studies in Europe 1945-1995. Bergisch-Gald: Edwin Ferger, 1988.
Rose, Richard. International Encyclopedia of Elections. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000.
Westlake, Martins. A Modern Guide to the European Parliament. London: Pinter, 1994.
Political Parties
Day, Alan J., ed. Political Parties of the World. 5th ed. London: John Harper, 2002.
Delury, George E., ed. World Encyclopedia of Political Systems and Parties. 3rd ed. New York: Facts on File, 1999.
Hand, Geoffrey, Jacques Georgel, and Christopher Sasse, eds. European Electoral Systems Handbook. London: Butterworths, 1979.
Jacobs, Francis. Western European Political Parties: A Comprehensive Guide. Detroit: Gale, 1989.
McHale, Vincent. Political Parties of Europe. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982.
29 Directories
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Herman, Valentine, and Juliet Lodge. "The European Parliament and the Decline of Legislature Thesis." Politics 13 (May 1978): 10-25.
Herman, Valentine, and Juliet Lodge. The European Parliament and the European Community. London: Macmillan, 1978.
Herman, Valentine, and Juliet Lodge. "Is the European Parliament a Parliament?" European Journal of Political Research 6 (June 1978): 157-180.
Herman, Valentine, and Rinus van Schendelen, eds. The European Parliament and the National Parliaments. Farnborough, England: Saxon House, 1979.
Hix, Simon. “Constitutional Agenda-Setting through Discretion in Rule Interpretation: Why the European Parliament Won at Amsterdam.” British Journal of Political Science 32 (April 2002): 259-280.
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Inglehart, Ronald, Jacques-Rene Rabier, Ian Gordon, and Carsten Lehman. “Broader Powers for the European Parliament: The Attitudes of Candidates.” European Journal of Political Research 8 (March 1980): 113-132.
72 Irving, R. E. M. "Italy's Christian Democrats and European Integration." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 400-416.
Jackson, Robert. The Powers of the European Parliament. London: Conservative Group for Europe, 1977.
Jackson, Robert. "Prospects for Europe's Parliament: Anachronism of a Major Step toward European Union." Atlantic Community Quarterly 17 (Spring 1979): 30-34.
Jackson Robert, and John Fitzmaurice. The European Parliament: A Guide for the European Elections. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1979.
Jacobs, Francis, Richard Corbett and Michael Shackleton. The European Parliament. 4th ed. London: John Harper, 2000.
Jacques, Jean Paul. "The Institutional Problem in the Programs Drawn up by the Political Parties for the Election of the European Parliament by Direct Universal Suffrage." Spettatore Internazionale 13 (April/June 1978): 131-142.
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73 Labour Committee for Europe. Direct Election to the European Parliament: What the Labour Party Should Say. London: The Committee, 1977.
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75 Mather, Janet. “The European Parliament—A Model of Representative Democracy?” West European Politics 24 (January 2001): 181-201.
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76 Pridham, Geoffrey. "Transnational Party Groups in the European Parliament." Journal of Common Market Studies 13 (March 1975): 266-279.
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Reif, Karlheinz. European Elections 1979/81 and 1984: Conclusions and Perspectives from Empirical Research. Berlin: Quorum, 1984.
Reif, Karlheinz, ed. Ten European Elections: Campaigns and Results to the European Parliament. Brookfield, VT: Gower, 1985.
Relf, Karlheinz, and Hermann Schmitt. "Nine Second Order National Elections: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of European Election Results." European Journal of Political Research 8 (March 1980): 3-44.
Robier, Jacques-Rene, and Ronald Inglehart. "What Kind of Europe? Support for National Independence, Cooperation and Integration in the European Parliament." Government and Opposition 16 (Spring 1981): 185-199.
Robinson, Mary. "Preparations for Direct Elections in Ireland." Common Market Law Review 15 (May 1978): 187-198.
Rose, Richard, and Helen Wallace. "Policy Implications of Direct Elections." Journal of Common Market Studies 17 (June 1979): 279-280.
Rudig, W. "The Greens in Europe: Ecological Parties and the European Elections of 1984." Parliamentary Affairs 38 (Winter 1985): 56-72.
Russell, C. "The European Parliament - Commitment and Change." Parliamentary Affairs 24 (Summer 1971): 251-261.
Scalingi, Paula. The European Parliament: The Three Decade Search for a United Europe. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980.
Schmitt, Herman. "The First European Parliament Direct Election, 7-10 June 1979: Results, Compared with National Election Results." European Journal of Political Research 8 (1980): 145-158.
77 Schwarz, John E. "Parliament and the Commission." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 440 (November 1978): 33-41.
Scott-Hopkins, J. "European Parliament." Contemporary Review 223 (October 1973): 169-173.
Scully, Roger M. “The European Parliament and the Co-Decision Procedure: A Reassessment.” Journal of Legislative Studies 3 (Autumn 1997): 58-73.
Scully, Roger M. “The European Parliament as a Non-Legislative Actor.” Journal of European Public Policy 8 (March 2001): 162-169.
Shaw, Michael. The European Parliament and the Community Budget. London: European Conservative Group, 1978.
Shephard, Mark. “The European Parliament: Laying the Foundations for Awareness and Support.” Parliamentary Affairs 50 (July 1997): 438-452.
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Steed, Michael. "The European Parliament: The Significance of Direct Election." Government and Opposition 6 (Autumn 1971): 462-476.
Stein, Eric. "European Parliamentary Assembly: Techniques of Emerging Political Control." International Organization 13 (Spring 1979): 233-254.
Stephens, William. A Parliament Is Born: The Europe Parliament after Direct Elections. London: Bow Publications, 1979.
Steunenberg, Bernard, and Jacques Thomassen, eds. The European Parliament: Moving Toward Democracy in the EU. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002.
Stevens, Anne. "Problems of Parliamentary Control of European Community Policy." Millennium 5 (Winter 1976-1977): 269-281.
Stewart, M. "Direct Elections to the European Parliament." Common Market Law Review 13 (August 1976): 283-299.
Stewart-Smith, G. "European Parliament Demands Security of Sealanes." Atlantic Community Quarterly 20 (Spring 1982): 45-51.
Svennevig, M., and B. Gunter. "Television Coverage of the 1984 European Parliamentary Election." Parliamentary Affairs 39 (April 1986): 165-178.
78 Sweeney, Jane P. The First European Elections: Neo Functionalism and the European Parliament. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1984.
Sweeney, Jane P. "The Left in Europe's Parliament." Comparative Politics 16 (January 1984): 171- 190.
Theil, H., and L. Schrage. "Apportionment Problem and the European Parliament." European Economic Review 9 (August 1977): 247-263.
Thill, Jean. "Preparations for Direct Elections in Luxembourg." Common Market Law Review 15 (November 1978): 473-478.
U.S. Congress. House. Foreign Affairs Committee. Congress and the European Parliament: Strengthening the Bonds. Washington: GPO, 1980.
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Wallace, Helen. "Direct Elections and the Political Dynamics of the European Communities." Journal of Common Market Studies 17 (June 1979): 281-296.
Wallace, Helen. "The European Parliament: The Challenge of Political Responsibility." Government and Opposition 14 (Autumn 1979): 433-443.
Weiler, Joseph. "The European Parliament and Foreign Affairs: External Relations of the European Economic Community." In Parliamentary Control over Foreign Policy: Legal Essays, ed. Antonio Cassese. Germantown, MD: Sijthoff and Noordhoff, 1980, pp. 151-190.
Werner, Pierre. "The Identity and Role of Luxembourg within the European Parliament." Journalism Today 3 (Autumn 1972): 5-9.
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Commission
Bauer, Michael W. A Creeping Transformation? The European Commission and the Management of EU Structural Funds in Germany. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2001.
Coombes, David. Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Community: A Portrait of the Commission of the EEC. London: Allen and Unwin, 1970.
Craig, Paul. “The Fall and Renewal of the Commission: Accountability, Contract and Administrative Organisation.” European Law Journal 6 (June 2000): 98-116.
79 Doleys, Thomas J. “Member States and the European Commission: Theoretical Insights from the New Economics of Organization.” Journal of European Public Policy 7 (October 2000): 532-553.
Edwards, Geoffrey, and David Spence, eds. The European Commission. London: Cartermill, 1994.
Emerson, Michael, et al. The Economics of 1992: The E. C. Commission's Assessment of the Economic Effects of Completing the Internal Market. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Endo, Ken. The Presidency of the European Commission under Jacques Delors: The Politics of Shared Leadership. Oxford: St. Martin’s, 1999.
Franchino, Fabio. “Control of the Commission’s Executive Functions: Uncertainty, Conflict and Decision Rules.” European Union Politics 1 (February 2000): 63-92.
Franchino, Fabio. “Statutory Discretion and Procedural Control of the European Commission’s Executive Functions.” Journal of Legislative Studies 6 (Autumn 2000): 29-50.
Gelleny, Ronald D., and Christopher J. Anderson. “The Economy, Accountability, and Public Support for the President of the European Commission.” European Union Politics 1 (June 2000): 173-200.
Hooghe, Liesbet. The European Commission and the Integration of Europe: Images of Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Hooghe, Liesbet. “Supranational Activists or Intergovernmental Agents? Explaining the Orientations of Senior EU Commission Officials toward European Integration.” Comparative Political Studies 32 (June 1999): 435-463.
Hurwitz, Leon. The European Community and the Management of International Cooperation. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.
Kinnock, Neil. “Accountability and Reform of Internal Control in the European Commission.” Political Quarterly 73 (January/March 2002): 21-28.
Magnette, Paul. Appointing and Censuring the European Commission: The Adaptation of Parliamentary Institutions to the Community Context.” European Law Journal 3 (September 2001): 292-310.
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Michaelmann, Hans J. "Multinational Staffing and Organizational Functioning in the Commission of the European Communities." International Organization 32 (Spring 1978): 477-496.
80 Neunreither, K. "Transformation of a Political Role: Reconsidering the Case of the Commission of the European Communities." Journal of Common Market Studies 10 (1972): 233-248.
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Nugent, Neill. The European Commission. New York: Palgrave, 2001.
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Thatcher, Mark. “The Commission and National Governments as Partners: EC Regulatory Expansion in Telecommunications 1979-2000.” Journal of European Public Policy 8 (August 2001): 558-584.
Willis, Virginia. Britons In Brussels: Officials in the European Commission and Council Secretariat. London: Policy Studies Institute, 1982.
Council
Beyers, Jan, and Guido Dierickx. “The Working Groups of the Council of the European Union: Supranational of Intergovernmental Negotiations?” Journal of Common Market Studies 36 (September 1998): 289-317.
Bulmer, Simon J. “The European Council and the Council of the European Union: Shapers of a European Confederation.” Publius 26 (Fall 1996): 17-42.
Carrubba, Clifford J., and Craig Volden. “Explaining Institutional Change in the European Union: What Determines the Voting Rule in the Council of Ministers?” European Union Politics 2 (February 2001): 5-30.
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Edwards, G. The Council of Ministers of the European Community and the President-in- Office. London: Federal Trust for Education and Research, 1977.
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Felsenthal, Dan S., and Moshe Machover. “The Weighted Voting Rule in the EU’s Council of Ministers, 1958-95: Intentions and Outcomes.” Electoral Studies 16 (March 1997): 33-47.
Hayes-Renshaw, Fiona. “The Council and Enlargement: A Challenge or an Opportunity?” Journal of International Relations and Development 4 (March 2001): 9-12.
81 Hayes-Renshaw, Fiona, and Helen Wallace. The Council of Ministers. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.
Hayes-Renshaw, Fiona, and Helen Wallace. “Executive Power in the European Union: The Functions and Limits of the Council of Ministers.” Journal of European Public Policy 2 (December 1995): 559-582.
Hösli, Madeleine O. “Coalitions and Power: Effects of Qualified Majority Voting in the Council of the European Union.” Journal of Common Market Studies 34 (June 1996): 255-273.
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Moberg, Axel. “The Voting System in the Council of the European Union: The Balance between Large and Small Countries.” Scandinavian Political Studies 21 (1998): 347-365.
Schmidt, Susanne K. “Only an Agenda Setter? The European Commission’s Power over the Council of Ministers.” European Union Politics 1 (February 2000): 37-61.
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Court of Justice
Arnull, Anthony. The European Union and Its Court of Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
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Brown, Lionel N., and Tom Kennedy. The Court of Justice of the European Communities. 5th ed. London: Sweet and Maxwell, 2000.
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83 Stein, E. P., P. Hay, and M. Waelbroeck. European Community Law and Institutions in Perspective. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1976.
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84 IV. EUROPEAN UNION WEB RESOURCES
IV.A. EU HOMEPAGE
Europa http://www.europa.eu.int/ Available in eleven European languages, the official site of the European Union offers an impressive amount of official information relating to the Union's mission. Major categories include (1) News (press releases from all the EU institutions), (2) Activities (describing EU Law, Implementation of Policies, and EU-produced Information Sources for each of twenty- nine concerns such as Agriculture, Education, and Transport); (3) Institutions (descriptions of and links to the constituent bodies of the EU, such as the European Parliament and the European Central Bank); (4) The EU at a Glance (basic information about the EU and Europe); (5) Official Documents (laws, treaties, bulletins, and various institutional reports); (6) Information Sources (contact persons and a list of Europa web pages containing various types of information).
European Union in the US http://www.eurunion.org/index.htm This site provides news and information about the EU for an American audience, especially the EU-US partnership, and a directory of EU offices and services in the United States. It covers EU research tools and overviews of law and policy, and also has a set of links to EU websites. A good introductory guide, The European Union: A Guide for Americans, is available in HTML and PDF versions at: http://www.eurunion.org/infores/euguide/ euguide.htm.
IV.B. GUIDES TO WEB RESOURCES
A to Z Index of European Union Websites http://www.eurunion.org/infores/euindex.htm A list maintained by the Delegation of the European Commission to the United States. Indexes information and services to be found on the Delegation’s website, as well as on the websites of the various European Union agencies.
EuroInternet http://eiop.or.at/euroint/ A frequently updated directory of over 1200 web sites relating to the EU. Maintained by a researcher at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, EuroInternet points the way to publications, institutions, databases, people, conferences, and related organizations. It also provides a listing of information by subject.
KnowEurope Web Directory http://www.knoweurope.net/demo/html/webdir2.htm Provides a listing of Internet sites that offer substantive and bibliographical information about the European Union, Europe, and related subjects. Listings are organized into five subject areas (EU Databases, Current Awareness, Institutions and Organizations, People, and Policies) and also include a “What’s New” section at the top. Part of a subscription–based, online information service.
85 IV.C. EU INSTITUTIONS
EUROPARL: The European Parliament Online http://www.europarl.eu.int/home/default_en.htm EUROPARL is divided into four main sections. “News” features the latest press releases. “ABC” is the place for basic information, including a directory of EUP representatives, important addresses, and FAQs. The “Activities” page stores documents produced by parliamentary meetings, committees, delegations, etc. Finally, the “References” page provides citations, and in some cases full-text access, to publications from bulletins, journals, treaties, and studies.
CONSILIUM: Council of the European Union http://ue.eu.int/en/summ.htm With an organization similar to that of EUROPARL, the Council’s web site features news, basic organizational information, records of meetings, and citations to Council documents. Topics include “Common Foreign and Security Policy,” “Justice and Home Affairs,” “Economic and Monetary Affairs,” and “Scientific and Technical Research.”
The European Commission http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/index_en.htm The Commission is the executive branch of the EU. The web site gives news, events, publications, statistics, and more relating to EU policies in twenty seven areas of concern. It also offers documentation related to the EU’s stance on international issues such as economic development, trade, and security.
CURIA - The Court of Justice http://curia.eu.int/en/index.htm The judicial branch of the EU places on its web site full-text access to its case law, searchable by case number, keyword, date, parties, and subject. There is also an introduction to the court which includes statistical information on the number, nature, and duration of court proceedings from 1997 to 2000.
Court of Auditors http://www.eca.eu.int/EN/menu.htm This organization monitors the fiscal responsibility of the EU. The “Reports and Opinions” page has the full text of annual reports, special reports, and opinions from 1996 to the present.
Euro http://europa.eu.int/euro The website for the European currency offers both a historical archive of materials and readings on current issues of the Economic and Monetary Union. Information on current member states, the process of currency conversion, and the design of the coins and notes is available. Also provides links to other related websites.
European Central Bank http://www.ecb.int/ The ECB sets the monetary policy of the EU and as such is a storehouse of economic information. Under “Publications” one finds full text access to periodicals such as the Monthly Bulletin and the Annual Report, to working and occasional papers for an academic audience, and to other assorted documents. The “statistics” section has sundry financial
86 data, most noteworthy of which is the ECB Statistical DataBank. Also check this site for information regarding the Euro.
European Economic and Social Committee http://www.ces.eu.int/pages/en/home.htm The ESC serves as a bridge between the EU and European interest groups, allowing citizens to influence EU policy. The “Documents” section holds ESC opinions and other documents, although only publications from up to a year ago are available here. Topics include the entire gamut of EU concerns.
Committee of the Regions http://www.cor.eu.int/home.htm The COR gives a voice to member states in the legislative process of the EU. The variety of issues dealt with by the Committee is reflected in its six commissions: Territorial Cohesion Policy, Economic and Social Policy, Sustainable Development, Culture and Education, Constitutional Affairs and European Governance, and External Relations. Online documents include hundred of COR opinions and resolutions as well as a number of studies and working papers.
European Investment Bank http://www.eib.eu.int/ The EU finances major projects through the EIB. Hence the web site has some online publications on industries in Europe and EIB financial support thereof. Also available here are technical papers dealing largely with European economics.
European Ombudsman http://www.euro-ombudsman.eu.int/home/en/default.htm The ombudsman handles complaints against EU institutions. This site provides the text of decisions and annual reports summarizing the year’s activities.
IV.D. EU AGENCIES
Community Plant Variety Office http://www.cpvo.eu.int The aim of the CPVO is to protect intellectual property rights in newly developed plant species. “CPVO Lex” lists the pertinent legislation, a number of technical protocols describe the requirements for submitting a species, and “CPVO papers” present the results of research.
CEDEFOP: The European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training http://www.cedefop.eu.int/ The main information source for this agency is actually at a different site: http://www.trainingvillage.gr/etv/. Here one can search a database of bibliographic references to European monographs, journals, and grey literature on vocational training, and browse a monthly anthology of relevant online documents produced by EU institutions.
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products http://www.emea.eu.int This EU agency regulates both human and veterinary medicines. There is provided for each drug a "European Public Assessment Report" which includes a scientific description of
87 clinical trials as well as more basic information for consumers. The web site also warns of newly suspected health risks from approved drugs.
European Agency for Reconstruction http://www.ear.eu.int Administers EU assistance for Yugoslavia and the Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia. The agency’s Annual and Interim Reports describe its activities in the region and offer some important statistics.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work http://europe.osha.eu.int This site deals with issues in occupational safety and health such as dangerous substance, stress in the workplace, and musculoskeletal disorders. Agency publications, statistics, and online discussion fora are available.
European Environment Agency http://www.eea.eu.int The EEA is an advisory committee for environmental issues within the EU. The former EEA Executive Director touts the recently revamped site as a “comprehensive one-stop shop for environmental information.” The publications are accessed under the “Products” menu. Featured are reports on various themes, indicators measuring change with respect to certain environmental values, data sets, targets defining environmental indicators, and a glossary of over six hundred terms translated into twenty three European languages.
European Food Safety Authority http://www.efsa.eu.int/ This agency, whose mission is to report to the European Commission on issues of food safety, is only a few months old; hence their web site is a work in progress and does not offer much information at present.
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions http://www.eurofound.eu.int/ The Publications section offers years of agency reports, some of nearly book length, in five areas: General, Industrial Relations, Working Conditions, Living Conditions, and reports of the European Monitoring Centre on Change. For press releases and recent stories, check the “Newsroom” page.
European Investment Fund http://www.eif.org/about/mission.htm EIF is the EU specialized vehicle providing venture capital and guarantee instruments for SMEs. The main objective is to support the creation, growth and development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction http://www.emcdda.org Dedicated to the study of illicit drug use in Europe, the EMCDDA offers on its site downloadable reports and two agency periodicals, “Drugnet Europe” and “Drugs in Focus.” A bibliographic index, Bibliodatabase, allows searching of over 4,500 citations and abstracts of agency publications.
88 European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia http://www.eumc.eu.int As part of its mission to measure and prevent racism in Europe, the EUMC produces a number of publications, available for free on the web site. Sample titles: “Racism, Football, and the Internet,” “Situation of Islamic Communities in Five European Cities,” “Racism and Cultural Diversity in the Mass Media.”
European Training Foundation http://www.etf.eu.int Like CEDEFOP (#12), the mission of the ETF is to promote effective vocational education and training. Under “Publications” the user will find full-text documents indexed by theme (e.g. “core skills,” “management training,” or “vocational training reform”) and by region (including not only European but also North African, Middle Eastern, and former Soviet countries).
Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market http://oami.eu.int Difficult to guess from its name, but the purpose of this agency is to grant trademarks valid throughout the EU. Online one can read the Official Journal which is largely occupied with printing the decisions of appeals for trademark infringement, or the OAMI-News describing the agency's activities and current issues. The site also has statistics dealing with trademark applications submitted to the agency.
Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union http://www.cdt.eu.int The Centre meets the translation needs of EU agencies. Under “Documentation” is found a quarterly newsletter and annual translation statistics by agency. Ironically, the site is only available in French and English.
IV.E. OTHER RELATED WEBSITES
Archive of European Integration http://aei.pitt.edu AEI is an online repository for non-commercial, non-governmental publications such as working papers, conference papers, etc. that cover any aspect of European integration. It also contains a companion archive of official European Community/European Union documents not available on any EU websites, including material on the development of the economic and monetary union and reports and studies relating to the first three enlargements.
Blue Guide to the Archives of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the Member States and the Institutions of the European Union http://ue.eu.int/BlueGuide/en/intro.htm This site provides links to archives departments and provides details about the location and availability of archived files and documents created by the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Member States and European Institutions.
Compendium: Cultural Policies in Europe http://www.culturalpolicies.net/ Provides easy access to up-to-date facts, statistics, trends, strategies, examples and current debates of national cultural policy in Europe. One can read about cultural policy in a single
89 country, or statistically compare policies in different countries. Sponsored by the Council of Europe.
Historical Archives http://europa.eu.int/historical_archives/index_en.html The Historical Archives Service of the European Commission is responsible for maintaining and providing access to the records produced in the course of the Commission’s activities. There are printed guides available under “Research Tools” and the Archives can be searched in ARCHISplus, the online catalog.
EIoP: European Integration online Papers http://eiop.or.at/eiop/ An online, peer-review E-journal covering topics related to European integration.
European Foreign Policy Bulletin http://www.iue.it/EFPB/about_database.htm This full-text database brings together documents issued by the European Union in the area of foreign policy since 1985. It contains the title, descriptive information (date and place of issue, presidency and status of document), and full text of the documents. Documents are normally published in English or in French if no official English version is available. Documents are ordered chronologically, and numbered consecutively for each year.
90 V. CURRENT JOURNALS IN THE FIELD OF EUROPEAN STUDIES
Agenor Agra Europe Archiv Fuer Kulturgeschichte Archiv Fuer Sozialgeschichte Bulletin of the European Union Central Europe Review (www.ce-review.org) Central European Economic Review Central European History Columbia Journal of European Law, The Common Market Law Review Comparative Studies in Society and History EBU Technical Review (www.ebu.ch/trev_home.html) ECLR: European Competition Law Review EUSA Review (www.eustudies.org) East European Politics and Societies Eastern European Economics L'Entreprise et 1'Homme Environmental Research Newsletter Espaces et Societes Ethnic and Racial Studies EG Umweltrecht Europaeische Rundschau: Vierteljahreszeitschrift fuer Politik, Wirtschaft und Zeitgeschichte Europastimme (www.europajugend.net) Europe – Asia Studies Europe en Formation Europe Left Europe Magazine (www.eurunion.org/magazine/home.htm) European Access European Business Journal, The European Business Law Review European Business Review European Economic Perspectives (www.cepr.org/EEP) European Economic Review European Economy European Environmental Law Review European Finance Review European Financial Law Review European Foreign Affairs Review European Foreign Policy Bulletin (www.iue.it/EFPB/Welcome.html) European History Quarterly European Integration online Paper (eiop.or.at/eiop) European Intelligence: A Review of European Business Economy European Journal of Communication European Journal of Cultural Studies
91 European Journal of Education: Research, Development, and Policies European Journal of International Law European Journal of International Relations European Journal of Law and Economics European Journal of Marketing European Journal of Migration and Law European Journal of Operational Research European Journal of Political Economy European Journal of Political Research European Journal of Political Theory European Journal of Population European Journal of Social Security European Journal of Social Theory European Journal of Social Psychology European Journal of Sociology European Journal of Women’s Studies European Judaism European Law Review European League for Economic Cooperation European Legacy, The European Public Law European Report European Review of Agricultural Economics European Review of Economic History European Review of History European Review of Private Law European Societies European Sociological Review European Studies Newsletter (www.europanet.org) European Review European Taxation European Transport Law European Union Politics European Urban and Regional Studies French Politics French Politics, Culture and Society Futuribles: Analyse et Prevision-Prospective German Politics and Society Government and Opposition: A Journal of Comparative Politics Innovation and Technology Transfer International Labour Review International Migration Irish Studies Review Journal of Common Market Studies Journal of Contemporary European Studies Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
92 Journal of European Integration Journal of European Public Policy Journal of European Social Policy Journal of European Studies Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans Legal Issues of Economic Integration Mediterraneans Merkur: Deutsche Zeitschrift fuer Europaisches Denken Modern Italy NATO Review (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) New Europe Pensiero Politico: Revista di Storia delle idee Politiche e Sociale Politische Meinung OECD Observer (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development) (www.oecdobserver.org) Quellen und Forschungen aus Italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken Revue d'Economie Politique Revue Europaeenne des Migrations Internationales Revue d'Histoire Diplomatique Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine Revue Francaise d'Etudes Politiques Mediterraneenne Single Market News South European Society and Politics Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe West European Politics World of Parliaments, The
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