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Taiwan: Background Notes Series e DOCUMENT RESUME ED 258 907 .SO 016 662 AUTHOR Reams, Joanne Reppert TITLE Taiwan: Backgropnd ?kites Series. INSTITUTION Department of State, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO DOS-7791 PUB DATE Sep 83 NOTE 9p.; Maps may not reproduce clearlye AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (Order, No. 7791, $2.00). PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Area Studios; Asian History; *Asian Studies; Comparative Education; *Cultural Awareness; Cultural Background; Economics; Educational Practices; Foreign Countries; GovernmAt (Administrative Body); International Relations; International Trade; National Defense; Physical Geography; Political Issues; Politics; Religion; Resource Materials; - Travel IDENTIFIERS *Taiwan; United States ABSTRACT Concise background information on Taiwan is provided. The publication begins with a profile of Taiwan, discussing the people, geography, political establishment, and economy. A map of the country is provided. The bulk of the publication thenprovides more . detailed information on Taiwan's people, geography, history, administration, political conditions, economy, defense, and foreign relations, Relations between. Taiwan and the United Stites are discussed. Principal officials in the Taiwan government are listed, and travel notes, including a discussion of climate anticlothing, immigration, health, telecommunications, and transportation are provided. A bibliography of supplementary information is included. (RM) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * 9*t********************************************************************* a 4 r. background BEST COPY AVAILABLE* 9 aiwan United States Departmentof State ...September 1983 U.S. DE/ARMOR ORIDUCATION 7 Bureau of Public Affairs NATIONAL INSTITUTE OP EDUCATION EDUCATIONALRESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been rsiCsoduesdss received from the person Ot .organisation z originating it. Minor changes have been mu* to improve reproduction quality. t . Points of view or opinions stated In this docu mont do not necessarily represent officio! ME position or policy. PROFILE Emblem: Red field with white sun in blue rectangle ip upperleftcorner., Red, white, Pik and blue symbolize sacrifice, justice; and , fest JAPAN People fraternitA . Piss Population (1981 est.):18million.Annual 4, 'S.. growth rate:1.92%.Ethnic groups:Han Economy Chinese 98%, less than 2% aborigines. Tolpsi Annual growth Gonfucianism, Buddhism,Taoism, GNP (1981): $46.2 billion. trs Religions: Per capita GNP OTIUWAN Christianity. Languages: MandarinChinese rate(1970-82 avg.): 7.5%. (CPI), (official). Principal dialectsTaiwanese, (1981): $2,570. Avg, inflation rate Hakka.gducation: Years compulsory-9. At- 1981: 10%. tendance-99.7%. Literacy-89.7%. Health:. Natural resources: Smalldeposits of and South China Infant mortality rate-11.01/1,000,Lf1P ex- coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, Sas PHILIPPINES pectancy-72.1yrs. (men 69.6, women74.5). asbestos. Agriculture (10.53% ofGNP): Prod- Work force(6,764,000):A griridre20 %. and commerce-41%. Seri,. uctesugarcane,lumber, sweet potatoes, Industry fruits, ices-32%. Civil administration-7%. rice, asparagus, mushrooms, citrus pineapples, banahas, peanuts, pears. Cultivatedland-25%. Geography Industry (35.02% of GNP):Textiles, fur- Area: 35,981 sq..km. (14,000 sq.mi.); about footwear, electronics, plastics, cement, niture-, other consumer goods, iron,steel, one-third the size of -Ohio. Cities: O (pop. 2.3 million).Other petrochemicals. CapitalTaipei Exports-:$22.6'billioneX- citiekL-Kaohsiung(1.2 million), Taichung . Trade(1981): (606,734), Tainan (582,199), Keelung tiles; machinery, 'plastics, metal products:. : food. Major marketsUS (Jilong) '(343,000). Terrain: Largelymoun- plywood, canned (K2 billion), Japan ($2.5billion), Hong Kong tainous.Vimate: Maritime subtropical. ($1.9 billion).Imports$21.1billion: kik', raw materials,crude oil, chemicals, phar- Political Establishment nulceuticals, capital goods.-Majorsup- pliersJapan($5.9 billion), US (!.4.8 Type:One-party system, established in 1911 in mainland China, moved to Taiwan1949. Kuwait. ($2.2 billion). Official exchange rate:Floating; about Constitution:December 25, 1947. N9 40 new Taiwan dollars .US$1. Branches: President, vice-president. year premier (president of Executive Yuan or Fiscal year: July 1 of preceding tabinet), Legislative Yuan, JudicialYuan, June 3'i of designated year. Control Yuan, Examination Yuan.Ad- ministrative subdivisions:Taiwan Province, Taipei, and Kii:Jimiung specialmunicipalities, 'In accordance with US Government prominent practice, individualand place names are certain offshore islands (the most given in pinyin romanization exceptin the of which are Quemoy and Mitsu)of Fujian case of thosespecifically related to Taiwan, (Fukien) Province. which follow preferred usage inTaiwan. Political party:Kuomintang (KMTNa tionalist Party).Suffrage:Universal over age 20. Centralbudget(1981): $23.2 billion. Defense(1981): 9% of GNP. 0 7 IA 04'ungen Tap a ;4W/11 .; tr . 0;eligkinhrglip . ...411Sli110t . ese- :Ch IEnes. 7-'7"bwrirt .1 TPPalsgahlal Vio Tan-nhu tuung 4ifelung) ralpsu 49 ..)//11Thu VU .4 Swan. 'Tung frog Tao 1-lua4en Is \ P'ENGHLI CWONTA0 (PESCADORES) c) Aung ° 3 Ob O 4 13 ! Philippine au o CL Sea T'siung Cu Tao i(ao-haus Railroad Road F arty1.40 Internatiortil *pod VUo Lan V() ION 120 "all Pt.11=1laitwaratasartvr awrararrokrivirlil 11 3 2 A o - "15. The most commonl used Chine:..i. dynasties. In the collection are brorizes romanization on Taivan is the Wade'' and jades, painting andcalligraphy, porcelains, carvings, and tapestry.The of 18million, Giles systeni. fr.iwanhas a population museum also has arare-book library and including about 120.000.on the Penghu , has preserved thousandsof centurks-old. Islands. 4 .. 1 Religions official docitnients. The Museumof The native Taiwanese, who number History% gatherings, some ofwhich are more thathl 5millieui. are descendants hi predyminant religion iy a Aimbina. lion of Buddhism iitai Taoism, brought prehistoric, include bronzeimplements, Chinese iivli tido:deli from the sculpture, pottery, crowded, coastal mainland ateas of Fel. to Taiwan centuries agoby the original coins, stone carvings, furniture, costumes, andtablet rubbings. jian (Fukien) and Guangdong Chinese settlers of the island. The 61onfucian ethical code; with its In addition to preservingarticles of (Kwangtung) Provinces, primarily in the historical value, the museum promotes' IStli and 19th cenlugies. The 2 million ancient rites and ceremonies, has long been ctinidere41 the ':religion" of Chinese international understanding of Chinese "mainlandelzrs," who arrived on Taiwanin f 1949 and thereafter, came' fromall parts literati and is considered by some to be culture. Taiwan's culturalaffairs bureauhas of China. About 250,000 aborigines in- the "official religion"' of Taiwan today. A few Chinese Muslin's came to laidout an ambitiousplan to establish habiting the mountainous central and centers through- / 'astern parts of the island arebelieved Tai 11 wish other refugeesfrom the more than 60 cultural in out the island. The projectinvolves con- 0 be ofMalayo-Polynesian origin. mainland alter the communist victory 1949. Christian missionaries havekeen struction of concert halls, libraries, . active on Taiwan. for ninny years, and theaters, and auditoriums in several ma- Education today the island has more than 600000 jor cities. Also on the agenda areplans Christians, a majority or v.honi are Prot- for marine, natural science,andscience More than 4.6 million people(about 25% Along with This estaiit. and technology museums. of the population) attend sehnol. these new additions, existingfacilities reflects Oat relative youthfulness ofthe J such as the Science EducationalHail population:'bout 43% under Cultural Background and Cathay Art Museumwill be im- age 20. Since. 1968. a9-ear..free Mum tinnal system has been in effect. :+ix TaiVan's culture is a blend of its distinc- proved. years of elementarpschooland 3 years tive Chinese beriticand Western in- - if junior high sehoa.areo compulsoryfor fluences, 14h in ti-t and echniquo. Sipe aft childri,n. About 00 of juniorhigh arts, folk tradiions, andpopular vulture GEOGRAPHY and cmbody traditional and modern, Asian school graduates pass examinations Although continuing its claimof entei. 3-year senior high and vocational and Western motifs. Interest inclassical Chinese calligraphy and wexxiblocks re- sovereignty over all ofChinain the schools. mains great, while. 'estern sculpture name of the "Republicof China," Taipei Taiwan has an extensive system of exercises control only over theisland of colleges, and junior and painting arc incrcasiogly popular. and Taiwan, the Penghu Islands loges. Other institutions of: higher.. Dance includei-; court, aboriginal, folk dances, as well as some finemodern (Pescadores), and about 20 verysmall ing currently enroll almost 300,000 "offshore islands," most near the undergraduate and graduate students troupes. One of the leadingmodern (lance societies is the Cloud Gate.'Dance Chinese mainland. Taiwan lies 130-200 through competitive examinations. kilometers (80-125 mi.) off the In college level fields of studyin Ensemble, the dancers of which are engineering attracted the largest trained in ballet. Chinese opera, and southeastern coast of the Chinese
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