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Volume 1, Issue 1 PeacePowerPeacePower Summer 2005 Berkeley’s Journal of Principled Nonviolence and Conflict Transformation Also in this Issue: Gandhi’sGandhi’s SaltSalt Satyagraha:Satyagraha: ThenThen andand NowNow Meditation as Education The Disease Called Violence The Israeli Refusnik Movement Badshah Khan: The Muslim Gandhi? Abolish the Death Penalty! Could Nonviolence “Succeed” in Iraq? art: Rafael Matias Langer-Osuna PeacePower The Power to Transform a Culture calpeacepower.org If you ask five pageant contestants army, a revolutionary approach to con- Volume 1, Issue 1 • Summer 2005 the one thing they would wish for, at flict that challenges the defunct para- least four will say world peace. But if digm that tries to convince us that the Editorial Staff you ask five people what peace is, you only way to defend a community or Antonio Castillo will get at least six answers. change society is through armed force. Sarah Elizabeth Clark To paraphrase Johan Galtung, a But more than simply informing the Chelsea Collonge Sayed Habib founder of the peace studies field, campus community, we want to Carolyn McMahon “negative peace” is the absence of empower students to incorporate Sujal Parikh direct violent conflict, and “positive peaceful principles in their work for Eli Sasaran peace” is the presence of justice, com- social change. Our focus on principled Matthew Taylor munity reconciliation, and sustainable nonviolence is meant to inspire hope relationships. by showing a way out of war, injustice, Contributing Writers A beautiful vision, to be sure, but and the logic of humiliation. We hope Tal Palter Brittney Shepherd how do we get there? Is positive peace to provide a unique perspective, and Tim Flinders (guest) something that can be “achieved”? In open up a space for dialogue. We the first issue of this publication, we would love to hear your thoughts. Art Contributors begin the process of addressing these In their articles, many of our writers Rafael Matias Langer-Osuna (cover) questions. have included ways you can become “Undiminished” Hao Li (p. 13) Our goal is to promote a greater part of the constructive process. One Peter Zhang (p. 21) understanding of principled nonvio- way to contribute is to join our team. Faculty Advisor lence and conflict transformation at We need writers, photographers, Prof. Michael N. Nagler three levels: intrapersonal (within our- artists, and editors who are interested selves), interpersonal (in our rela- in conflict transformation, social Contact us! tions), and paradigmatic (in our system change, nonviolence education and of meaning and the way we view the spirituality. feedback on contents... world). We are a group of students who are letters {AT} calpeacepower.org In this issue, Antonio Castillo and Eli committed to articulating alternatives to email, replace {AT} with @ Sasaran discuss practices to develop to violence and passivity. If you are (please mention which article) intrapersonal change – through medi- worried about the state of the world, of tation and a spiritual approach to your community, or of your heart, Contribute! peacemaking. Tal Palter’s analysis of please join us. Together we can build a we welcome submissions: the Israeli Refusnik movement mixes bridge to the future based on our great- submit {AT} calpeacepower.org both intra- and interpersonal est hopes and not our darkest fears. approaches to the Israeli-Palestinian to apply to join our staff: conflict. Guest contributor Tim Flinders In peace, staff {AT} calpeacepower.org discusses the world’s first nonviolent The Editors we are looking for writers, editors, photographers, About Peace Power artists, layout designers, web What kind of power can persuade the British to leave India as friends, not enemies? team contributors, and What kind of power can move the hearts of white Americans to recognize the need business managers for civil rights for African-Americans? What kind of power can persuade an air force pilot, ordered by a dictator to quell an uprising, to turn away from his target, unable ASUC Sponsored Peace Power is a to fire on a crowd of unarmed Filipinos? We call this Peace Power, also known as nonprofit publication and is not an principled nonviolence. Rather than a negation of violence, peace power is a posi- official publication of the Associated Students of the University of tive force for change and resistance. By renouncing the use of coercive force, it California. The views expressed draws on the persuasive power people have over each other's hearts, or what herein are the views of the writers Kenneth Boulding calls integrative power. It can also be described as “person and not necessarily the views of the power,” the dedication of each individual when they convert a negative drive to a Editors, Staff, Faculty Advisor, positive drive. When those who have achieved this individual dedication come ASUC, or of the University of together, they enact “people power.” This is the power that can transform our California, Berkeley. selves, our relationships, our conflicts, and our world. 2 Peace Power Summer 2005 Inside This Issue Spirituality History of Nonviolence Continued Meditation As Education.........4-5 The Muslim Gandhi?...........18-19 Global Justice Global Conflict Disease Called Violence..........6-7 Parting Today’s Red Sea......20-22 Women’s Century of Peace........8 Nonviolence in Iraq...................23 Person Power Public Policy Israeli Refusniks.....................9-11 Restorative Justice..............24-25 History of Nonviolence An Abortion Coalition?........26-27 Montgomery Bus Boycott...12-14 Reflections Salt Satyagraha....................15-17 Breathing Peace...................28-29 Letter to the Editors Yours truly is probably one of the last sources a reader and motivation, while Gandhi furnished the method.” As would expect to see in a budding “Cal Nonviolence we “fight the good fight” for peace, let us not neglect Publication.” Group leaders, however, thought that my things of the spirit. The Gita, the teachings of Christ, input would be of some value, so here goes. Gandhi, and King are among some of the wonderful I am an ordained minister with the American Baptist resources that can guide us on our journey. Churches, USA. For the past year, it has been my privilege When the United States is at war, every citizen is at war. to attend the Jesuit School of Theology in Berkeley. In that Some are closer to the action than others. Each of us is context, I have been able to participate in a rich variety of also engaged with a war within. May God help us to find theological offerings put forth by the Graduate Theological peace, both internally and internationally. Union. Among my professors are Jesuits, Buddhists, Yours in Peace, Baptists, Unitarians, Presbyterians, and Lutherans. One of Rev. Roger VanDerWerken the courses I particularly enjoyed was UC Berkeley’s LCDR, United States Navy “Theory and Practice of Nonviolence” (PACS 164A), which Dear Roger, put me in contact with the editors of this new journal. We are delighted to embark on this publishing journey To back up a bit, the reader might be asking, “What in with the blessing of a member of the military. It reminds us the world is a Baptist minister doing at the Jesuit School of that nonviolence is about loving those who have different Theology?” The answer to that question might surprise beliefs from us and who are choosing a much different way you: your tax dollars sent me here. For the past six years, I of making change in the world. served as a Chaplain to United States Marines at Camp Although we do not feel we are personally at war with Pendleton, CA. Although I did not deploy to Iraq, I did par- anyone, you remind us that indeed we are not separate ticipate in many Marine Corps training exercises, and min- from what’s going on in Iraq. Not only does it affect us istered to numerous families who suffered great loss. emotionally, economically, and spiritually, but we support Following my tour of duty with the Marines, the Navy it whenever we do not struggle with our own desire to Chaplain Corps (Chaplains who serve with Marines are dominate and our own tendency to believe in the useful- actually members of the US Navy), sent me to JSTB to pur- ness of violence. To be peacemakers during a time of war sue a master’s degree in Ethics. This summer, I will be we must enter fully into these internal struggles, but not assigned to the U.S.S. Ronald Reagan (CVN 76), the forget that war calls not for more war, but for more peace. newest and largest of US Navy warships. I will be one of We appreciate that, in your desire to see good in the three Chaplains to the 6,000 sailors who serve on board. world, you might see the state as an agent for this change. As human beings, our greatest struggle is between good Can we expand our concept of citizenship to one of the and evil. How do we respond to the evil that lurks within entire planet - and everyone who lives on it? the depths of our hearts? In the Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna, Roger, we are glad to have you to dialogue with. Our ultimately, was engaged in a struggle with his lower self. hearts will be with you and the soldiers you are serving. The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. found that the Sermon Peace, on the Mount “inspired the Negroes of Montgomery to dig- Chelsea Collonge nified social action.” For King, “Christ furnished the spirit Matthew Taylor Peace Power Summer 2005 3 Spirituality Meditation as Education Imagine school cultivating, not filling, your mind– with stress relief benefits along the way Meditation as EducationAntonio Castillo Although we are constantly encouraged to compete with one another and look out for our own well-being, we all s students, we seldom realize how critical the con- recognize and admire those who have risen above the pur- A tents of the mind are in shaping our lives.

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