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Research Annual on Intergroup Relations- -1966

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Research Annual on Intergroup Relations- -1966 DOCUMENT RESUME ED 024 702 UD 006 449 By- Tumin, Melvin M., Ed.; Greenblat, Cathy S., Ed. Research Annualon Intergroup Relations- -1966; A ResearchStudy of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. B'nai B'rith, New York, N.Y. Anti-Defamation League. Pub Date 67 Note- 344p. Available from-Frederick A.Praeger. Inc., 111 Fourth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003 ($2.95). EDRS Price MF-$1.50 HC-$17.30 Descriptors- Action Research, *AnnotatedBibliographies, Attitudes, Civil Rights, Crime, Culturally Disadvantaged. Delinquency. Educational Opportunities, *Ethnic Groups, *Intergroup Relations, International Education, *Research Reviews (Publications), Social Characteristics, Social Integration Identifiers-Right Wing Groups The emphasis in this annotated bibliogra_phy of research reports is on relations among ethnic, racial, and religious groups.The research is in different stages of completion (contemplated, ongoing, or completed). The reports vary in amplitude and detail,including research inforeign countries.Also, the reports are organized according to their major concern: attitudes;the characteristics; structure; and position of the various groups; patterns of discrimination, segr*gation, desegregation, and integrzition; civilrights; education for the culturally disadvantaged; crime and delinquency; the Radical Right; action programs; and international education. Student studies and summary papers are also listed. Whenever possible, an author's own summary serves as the annotation, and hisaddress accompanies the citation of his report. (EF) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION posITION OR POLICY. Research Annual on Intergroup Relations-1966 MELVIN M. TUMIN AND CATHY S. GREENBLAT , FREDERICK A. PRAEGER, Publishers New York . Washington London 11 This edition of the Research Annual was made possible through a grant from the Ford Foundation. FREDERICK A. PRAEGER, PUBLISHERS 111 Fourth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003, U.S.A. 77-79 Charlotte Street, London W.1, England Published in the United States of America in 1967 by Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., Publishers @ 1967 by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith 411 rights reserved Library ofCongress Catalog Card Number: 66-14164 "PERMISSIONTO REPRODUCE THIS COPYRIGHTEDMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED 'Br14 eca X Printed inthe United States of America04Rim; 1-11114 TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER A6REEMENTS WITH THE U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION. FURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE THE AC SYSTEM REQUIRES PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER." Contents Foreword I.RESEARCH IN ATTITUDES 3 Patterns of Belief and Attitudes Sources, Correlates, and Consequences of Intergroup Attitudes Methodological Considerations in Attitude Research Attitudes Toward Segregation and Desegregation H.STUDIES IN THE CHARACTERISTICS, STRUCTURE,AND POSITION OF ETHNIC, RACIAL, RELIGIOUS, AND NATIONAL GROUPS 69 Ethnic Groups Racial Groups Religious Groups National Groups Multigroup Studies HI.PATTERNS OF DISCRIMINATION, SEGREGATION, DESEGREGATION, AND INTEGRATION 125 GENERAL-BY COUNTRY Africa India Rhodesia Argentina Indonesia Spain Australia Ireland Sudan Brazil Israel Sweden Canada Japan Switzerland China Lebanon Thailand Congo Mexico Union of South Africa England New Zealand United States Finland Nigeria U.S.S.R. France Norway Venezuela Germany Pacific Islands West Indies Ghana Pakistan Yugoslavia GuatemalaPhilippine IslandsMultiple Hungary Poland Cross-Cultural CYST* APITT:TAPI 'OSPTII.W.T1rrIMT far I.%.4W .1%.4"--.1.111 ALIO All LO i 1.../4:1 Housing Employment Education Church and Religion Sex, Marriage, and Family Politics International Relations Police and Armed Forces Public and Private Services and Accommodations IV.CIVIL RIGHTS: ATTITUDES, LAWS, AGENCIES, AND ACTION PROGRAMS 249 V.EDUCATION FOR THE CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED 263 VI.CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 277 VII. THE RADICAL RIGHT 282 VIII.ACTION PROGRAMS RELEVANT TO INTERGROUP RELATIONS 287 Community Relations Culturally Disadvantaged Children School Desegregation ,..;urriculum Preparation for Teaching and School Administration General Group Needs Crime and Delinquency IX.INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 316 X. STUDENT STUDIES 320 XI. SUMMARY PAPERs 325 Index 829 POREWORD The increase in the amount of researchreported in this year's bulletin, as against last year's (719 itemsversus 458) , reflects the evident increase in research activity itselfand, in part, a more thorough canvass of possiblesources of such research. The in- creased activity in research in intergrouprelations isitself a product of greater interest, availability of fundsand. number of researchers. The more extensivecoverage of sources is due totally to the energy and activity of Mr. Oscar Cohen and his staffat the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'ria Thisyear, as in all pre- vious years in the life of this bulletin, allcosts of the bulletin have been met by the Anti-DefamationLeague. So, too, all of the mailing, preparation forpress, and distribution of the bulletin have been handled by the ADL. Onecan hardly doubt that the production and distribution of the bulletin,and the resulting increased awareness by social scientists ofthe extent to which their colleagues are engaging in researchin intergroup relations, have contributed substantiallyto the augmented interest and activity in this field of investigation. For those who encounter this bulletinfor the first time, it is important to clarify the criteria usedto decide whether to in- clude reported research. The firstset of criteria refers to the term "intergroup." In general, studieswere judged eligible for inclu- sion if the groups whose characteristicsand relationships were examined could be classifiedas ethnic, racial, religious, or na- tional in character. Excludedwere studies, however excellent, which focused primarilyon groups defined by age or residence or socio-economic class. The second set of criteria for inclusion arisesfrom the term "relations." Our principal interest in thisbulletin has been with relationships between religious, ethnic, andracial groups. It has become increasingly difficultto adhere to these criteria It with any degree of firmness.For one thing, much of the research has becomemore sophisticated; so relationshipsamong groups are explored for the possible relevance ofa number of defining and characterizing variables,including both "eligible" and "in- eligible" types,e.g., where the relationships of socio-economic classes are studied for the possiblerelevance of their ethnic or religious composition. This sophisticationis much to be wel- comed, however difficult itmay make the task of deciding what to include and what to leave out. For it has becomeincreasingly clear that intergroup relationsare multifaceted, and that no single set of defining characteristics islikely to be adequate to account for the nature of the relationships. Admittedlyour judg- ments regarding inclusion have been less than perfectly uniform, and some researchersmay therefore find legitimate grounds for disputing our decisions. A second source of difficulty in followingour guidelines has been the focus of a significant number of studieson the special characteristics of one or anothergroup, e.g., attitudes toward white fellow students on thepart of Negro students; and the relationships are therefore implicit rather than explicit.Perhaps even more questionable has been our decision to includesome studies which sought to clarify such mattersas the socio-economic or residential characteristics of a religious or ethnicgroup, with- out reference either to attitudes or active relationships with other groups. We have reported such studies from time to time, when. in our judgment, the group in question,or the sets of findings, or both, have been especially noteworthy and interesting. Again, we have been admittedly uneven in these judgments and may,as a result, have failed to include some reported researches which perhaps "deserved" a place in this bulletinmore than some that were in fact reported. The Ffreat range in fullness of reporting, noted in last year's bulletin, recurred this year; so once again thereports printed here vary considerably in their amplitude and details. Somere- ports contained only a few lines of information. Somewere ac- companied by full-scale monographs. Our versions of the research have tried to incorporate the verbatim reportsor summaries by the authors, wherever possible. Where matters of methodor pro- cedure or substantive finds are not clear, the readersare urged ,:1` to correspond directly withthe authors, whose addressesare provided for thispurpose. The researches alsovary in their stages of. completion. A dagger marking a report indicatesthe researd is "contemplated." An asterisk denotes work thatis "ongoing." Unmarkedreports have, to the best of our knowledge,been completed. Students of intergroup relationswill be interested and, it is hoped, pleased that theproportion of "action research" studies to all others has thisyear significantly increased. Probably this reflects, among other things,the considerable growth in agencies, both private and public,which have turned their attentionto the fates and fortunes of ethnic,religious, national, and racial groups, especially as the newly awakenedinterest in "poverty" has brought the plight ofunderprivileged groups more squarely and unavoidably to publicconsciousness. Note
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