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ICES STATUTORY MEETING 1993 Shellfish Committea K:39 RANG • ICES STATUTORY MEETING 1993 Shellfish Committea K:39 SIZE SELECTION OF OCTOPUS VULGARIS CUVIER, SEPIA OFFICINALIS HIERREDDA RANG AND SEPIELLA ORNATA RANG IN BOTTOM TRAWLS OFF THE COAST OF GUINEA-BISSAU. by Joäo M. da F. Pereira • Instituto Nacional de Investiga<;äo das Pescas, Av. de Brasnia - 1400 Lisboa, Portugal. ABSTRACT The results presented refer to three species of cephalopod caught in two consecutive bottom trawl hauls, shot off the coast of Guinea-Bissau, during a research cruise of the portuguese RN "NORUEGA", in June 1991. Selectivity experiments were performed using the covered cod-end method, with a 61.4 mm cod-end mesh size. The selection factors (SF) estimated for the two species of Sepiidae (0.85 and 0.84) fall between the • range of values found in the literature for fish and crustaceans. The values of L50'l' were, respectively, 55.5 and 54.5 for Sepia officinalis hierredda and Sepiella omara. The characteristics of the size selection observed in the two species of Sepiidae and the lack of size selection obtained for the Octopodid (Ocropus vulgaris) suggest a behaviour­ dependent selection which departs from the pattern usually found in fish. Kay words: Cephalopods, trawling, selectivity, selection factor, Octopus vulgaris, Sepia officinalis hierredda, Sepiella amata. 2 INTRODUCTION In the context of the scientific assistance programme which INIP has undergone in the waters of Guinea-Bissau since 1988, selectivity experiments have taken place, which aimed to identify the characteristics of the size selection of a cod-end similar in construction material and mesh size to the ones used commercially in bottom trawl nets in this country. Primarily, selectivity experiments undergone by INIP in Guinea-Bissau were directed at • shrimps, particularly Penaeus notialis and Parapenaeopsis at/antiea since these are the main target species of the commercial trawl fishery in the area. In 1991, however, trawl selectivity experiments were also directed to tish and cephalopods, the latter being an important secondary target tor the local (multinational) fleet of trawlers. This study presents and analyses selectivity results concerning the catches of Oetopus vulgaris, Sepia offieinalis hierredda and Sepiella omata, the most coinmon cephalopod species in the area. Oetopus vulgaris and Sepia officinalis hierredda are the two cephalopod species most sought after by commercial trawlers in the area• • MATERIAL AND METHODS Sampling methods Fishing hauls were performed by the portuguese RN "NORUEGA", a 47.5 m (495 GRT) stern trawler with approximately 900 HP. 3 The fishing gear employed was the standard crustacean bottom trawl net used at INIP (FGAV020), with approximate vertical and horizontal openings of, respectively, 2.0 and 31.5 m at 3.0 Knots. These and other technical specifications of the net are described in Leite et sI. (1990). The cod-end was constructed of a polyethylene thread tied in a diamond shaped mesh of 61.4 mm (± 1.34 mm) as measured from the inside with a pair of callipers applying a strength of 4 Kg to each individual mesh. Two randomly chosen longitudinal rows of • 31 consecutive meshes were measured. The cod-end cover was applied overthe cod-end with a distance between the two bottoms of approximately 2 m and had a mesh size of between 20 and 25 mm. Two 60 minute hauls were performed during daylight at an average speed of 3.0 Knots• . All specimens of the three species studied were measured to the nearest lower 1/2 cm and the measure taken was the standard Dorsal Mantle Length (DML) (Roper et al., 1984). Oat8 analysis methods • The specimens of each species captured in the cod-end and cover were grouped in 5 mm size classes. For each size class (L), the proportion in numbers (Pl) of the total catch (nl ) retained (rd in the cod-end was calculated by: (1 ) The total catch" (Nl ) was assumed to be: 4 (2) where r and n are the catches (in numbers) in the cod-end and cover, respectively, for L L size class L, assuming no escapes from the cover bag. The proportion of each size class retained in the cod-end was assumed to fit a logistic distribution of the type: (3) • _ 1 PL - l+e-(a+,bL) Pope (1966). To allow for a linear (least squares fit) regression, expression (3) is log natural transformed into: (4) Ln{~) = a+bL • l-PL where Ln is the natural logarithm and a and bare, respectively, the intercept and the slope of the Une which relates the first term of (4) with L (in size class units). The length at which 50% of the specimens were retained in the cod-end (L50..) was calculated by: 5 (5) The selection range (A) is defined as: (6) ~s,-~s, • and can be estimated from: (7) A = 2 Ln3 b where l2S'I and l7S'I are the lengths at which, respectively, 25% and 75% of the specimens are retained by the cod end, and may be calculated using: (8) • and (9) The selection factor (SF), a value which theoretically depends upon the (physical) characteristics 01 the species (shape and size) and the size (and presumably type) of the mesh, by relating l50'1 with the mesh size was calculated from: 6 (10) SF = Lsot Mesh Size RESULTS Table 1 summarizes the results of the catches obtained in the two trawling hauls. .Table 1 - Summary of the catches in each experimental haul and percentage of catch • corresponding to each of the three species studied. Fishing station 1 Fishing station 2 Cod-end Cover Cod-end Cover Octopus vulgaris 0.6 2.2 1.0 2.8 Sepia officinalis 5.1 0.3 34.0 1.0 hierredda Sepiella ornata 0.8 0.5 1.4 1.3 Other cephalopods 0.3 0.1 1.9 2.6 • Other species 157.2 482.4 214.8 1192.2 Total 164.0 485.5 253.1 1199.9 OV% 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 SOH % 3.1 0.1 13.4 0.1 SO% 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.1 OV = Octopus vulgaris; SOH =.Sepia officina/is hierredda; SO = Sepiella ornata 7 Tables 2 to 4 present size classes, numbers in the cod end and cover bag as weil as the corresponding percentage of retention for, respectively, Octopus vulgaris, Sepia officinalis hierredda and Sepiel/a ornata. Table 2 - Oata obtained from the size selection experiments with Octopus vulgaris. Length Groups Cod-end Cover , Retained (mm) 25- 29 1 1 50.00 30- 34 2 4 33.33 • 35- 39 2 6 25.00 40- 44 2 9 18.18 45- 49 3 13 18.75 50- 54 1 14 6.67 55- 59 3 8 27.27 60- 64 4 6 40.00 65- 69 0 3 0.00 70- 74 1 4 20.00 75- 79 1 0 100.00 80- 84 0 2 0.00 85- 89 0 0 90- 94 0 2 0.00 95- 99 0 1 0.00 100-104 0 0 105-109 0 0 110-114 0 0 • 115-119 1 0 100.00 8 Tabl. 3 - Data obtained from the size selection experiments with Sepia officinalis hierredda. Length Groups Cod-end Cover , Retained (DIll> 25- 29 0 1 0.00 30- 34 0 5 0.00 35- 39 0 3 0.00 40- 44 0 12 0.00 45- 49 1 11 8.33 50- 54 2 10 16.67 55- 59 9 4 69.23 • 60- 64 19 3 86.36 65- 69 17 2 89.47 70- 74 24 0 100.00 75- 79 23 0 100.00 80- 84 14 0 100.00 85- 89 13 1 92.86 90- 94 26 0 100.00 95- 99 16 1 94.12 100-104 9 0 100.00 105-109 17 0 100.00 110-114 12 0 100.00 115-119 17 0 100.00 120-124 16 0 100.00 125-129 12 0 100.00 130-134 9 0 100.00 135-139 9 0 100.00 140-144 7 0 100.00 145-149 1 0 100.00 150-154 1 0 100.00 • 155-159 2 0 100.00 160-164 3 0 100.00 165-169 1 0 100.00 170-174 0 0 175-179 1 0 100.00 180-184 1 0 100.00 9 Table 4 - Data obtained from the size selection experiments with Sepiella ornata. Lenqth Groups Cod-end Cover , Retained (mm) 25- 29 1 5 16.67 30- 34 1 10 9.09 35- 39 1 16 5.88 40- 44 6 25 19.35 45- 49 7 19 26.92 50- 54 10 21 32.26 55- 59 20 10 66.67 60- 64 18 6 75.00 65- 69 4 3 57.14 • 70- 74 5 1 83.33 Figure 1 presents retention values for Octopus vulgaris plotted against DML, resulting in 2 8 patternless scatter. A squared correlation coefficient (r ) of 0.107 indicates 8 significant lackof fit (d.f. = 7; ANOVA: F-Ratio .. 0.841, p .. 0.390) ofthe data to the model. • 10 •. 1 •• 4 • -... • - '.3 -.. • '"'. • -.. - •• r • -.. • G-.. • ...- •. I • II DorSlI 1I •• llt Lugt' (111 Figur. 1 _Scatter diagram of the proportion of specimens retained in the cod-end in each length group against length group for Octopus vulgaris. • Figures 2 and 3 depict the fit obtained with (4) tor, respectively, Sepia o"icina/is hierredda and Sepiella ornata. 11 • AllIlI flllt • • • 1.. '0... c: I.i ... a: ..c: .. t . 4 ..0- Q..- I.Z Dorsal lIantle length (u) Figura 2 - Regression line and scatter diagram of the proportion of specimens retained in the cod-end in each length group against length group for Sepia officinalis hierredda.
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