Using Molluscan Eye Diversity to Understand Parallel and Convergent Evolution
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The Histopathology of Antique Ark's Mantle (Anadara Antiquata) Post
The histopathology of antique ark’s mantle (Anadara antiquata) post-depuration with the shells’ filtration Nabila A. Putri, Laksmi Sulmartiwi, Kustiawan T. Pursetyo Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia. Corresponding author: L. Sulmartiwi, [email protected] Abstract. Cockles are marine organisms which have the character of filter feeders so that heavy metals can be neutralized naturally through their shells. However, not all heavy metals can be neutralized, so depuration needs to be done. After depuration, histopathological analysis is needed to determine the condition of the soft tissue of the shells so that the disease can be diagnosed through structural changes that occur in the organs that are the main target of pollutants. This study aims to determine the histopathology of antique ark’s mantle (Anadara antiquata) after post-depuration with the filtration of the cockles’ shells. This research method applies an experimental method with scoring histological damage to antique ark’s mantle that ranges from 0 to 3, depending on the level and extent of the changes that occur. After that, the distribution of normal and non-homogeneous data was obtained, and then the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was conducted. The main parameter is the histopathology of the antique ark’s mantle. Supporting parameters include water quality, namely temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, salinity, levels of heavy metals Pb and Cd, total suspended solid (TSS) and total dissolved solid (TDS). The results of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis shows no significant difference between treatments P0 (Control), P1 (Filter 25%), P2 (Filter 50%), P3 (Filter 75%), and P4 (Filter 100%). -
Animal Eyes and the Darwinian Theory of the Evolution of the Human
Animal Eyes We can learn a lot from the wonder of, and the wonder in, animal eyes. Aldo Leopold a pioneer in the conservation movement did. He wrote in Thinking like a Mountain, “We reached the old wolf in time to watch a fierce green fire dying in her eyes. I realized then, and have known ever since, that there was something new to me in those eyes – something known only to her and to the mountain. I was young then, and full of trigger-itch; I thought that because fewer wolves meant more deer, that no wolves would mean hunters’ paradise. But after seeing the green fire die, I sensed that neither the wolf nor the mountain agreed with such a view.” For Aldo Leopold, the green fire in the wolf’s eyes symbolized a new way of seeing our place in the world, and with his new insight, he provided a new ethical perspective for the environmental movement. http://vimeo.com/8669977 Light contains information about the environment, and animals without eyes can make use of the information provided by environmental light without forming an image. Euglena, a single-celled organism that did not fit nicely into Carl Linnaeus’ two kingdom system of classification, quite clearly responds to light. Its plant-like nature responds to light by photosynthesizing and its animal- like nature responds to light by moving to and staying in the light. Light causes an increase in the swimming speed, a response known as 165 photokinesis. Light also causes another response in Euglena, known as an accumulation response (phototaxis). -
Guess Who? Answer
Guess Who? Answer soon became interested in ophthalmology and was appointed Hansen Grut's assistant in 1879. Bjerrum's scientific concern was the relationship between visual perception of form and the resolving power in localized areas of the retina. He demonstrated this in his thesis entitled ' UndersØgeleser over Formsans og Lyssands i forskellige Øjensyngdomme (Investigations on the form sense and light sense in various eye diseases). This title is deliberately given in Danish to indicate that through his entire lifetime it was mandatory for him to write his publications in Danish. An antipathy against German, in those days the language of science, may have been gained in a childhood so filled with tension regarding nationalism. The scientific achievement that made the name Bjerrum universally known was conceived during his work on the relationship between visual acuity and the perception of the bright stimuli in various retinal zones. In accordance with his own modest attitude, this discovery was published in 1889 in a small paper which in translation was called 'An addendum to the usual examination of the visual field of glaucoma'. At that time Bjerrum was studying the visual field by means of small white objects. The idea Jannik Peterson Bjerrum of this investigation was to record the performance of every single functional unit of the retina. As a Danish ophthalmologist. Born 1851, died 1920 minimum such units in Bjerrum's opinion would subtend a visual angle of one minute of arc (in the Jannik Petersen Bjerrum was born 26th December 1851 macular region). However, even a small test object in Skarbak, a village in the most southern part of would subtend a visual angle exceeding two degrees Jutland in the border district between the Danish and accordingly cover a multitude of functional units. -
Shell Classification – Using Family Plates
Shell Classification USING FAMILY PLATES YEAR SEVEN STUDENTS Introduction In the following activity you and your class can use the same techniques as Queensland Museum The Queensland Museum Network has about scientists to classify organisms. 2.5 million biological specimens, and these items form the Biodiversity collections. Most specimens are from Activity: Identifying Queensland shells by family. Queensland’s terrestrial and marine provinces, but These 20 plates show common Queensland shells some are from adjacent Indo-Pacific regions. A smaller from 38 different families, and can be used for a range number of exotic species have also been acquired for of activities both in and outside the classroom. comparative purposes. The collection steadily grows Possible uses of this resource include: as our inventory of the region’s natural resources becomes more comprehensive. • students finding shells and identifying what family they belong to This collection helps scientists: • students determining what features shells in each • identify and name species family share • understand biodiversity in Australia and around • students comparing families to see how they differ. the world All shells shown on the following plates are from the • study evolution, connectivity and dispersal Queensland Museum Biodiversity Collection. throughout the Indo-Pacific • keep track of invasive and exotic species. Many of the scientists who work at the Museum specialise in taxonomy, the science of describing and naming species. In fact, Queensland Museum scientists -
Lafranca Moth Article.Pdf
What you may not know about... MScientific classificationoths Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Photography and article written by Milena LaFranca order: Lepidoptera [email protected] At roughly 160,000, there are nearly day or nighttime. Butterflies are only above: scales on moth wing, shot at 2x above: SEM image of individual wing scale, 1500x ten times the number of species of known to be diurnal insects and moths of moths have thin butterfly-like of microscopic ridges and bumps moths compared to butterflies, which are mostly nocturnal insects. So if the antennae but they lack the club ends. that reflect light in various angles are in the same order. While most sun is out, it is most likely a butterfly and Moths utilize a wing-coupling that create iridescent coloring. moth species are nocturnal, there are if the moon is out, it is definitely a moth. mechanism that includes two I t i s c o m m o n f o r m o t h w i n g s t o h a v e some that are crepuscular and others A subtler clue in butterfly/moth structures, the retinaculum and patterns that are not in the human that are diurnal. Crepuscular meaning detection is to compare the placement the frenulum. The frenulum is a visible light spectrum. Moths have that they are active during twilight of their wings at rest. Unless warming spine at the base of the hind wing. the ability to see in ultra-violet wave hours. Diurnal themselves, The retinaculum is a loop on the lengths. -
Nautiloid Shell Morphology
MEMOIR 13 Nautiloid Shell Morphology By ROUSSEAU H. FLOWER STATEBUREAUOFMINESANDMINERALRESOURCES NEWMEXICOINSTITUTEOFMININGANDTECHNOLOGY CAMPUSSTATION SOCORRO, NEWMEXICO MEMOIR 13 Nautiloid Shell Morphology By ROUSSEAU H. FLOIVER 1964 STATEBUREAUOFMINESANDMINERALRESOURCES NEWMEXICOINSTITUTEOFMININGANDTECHNOLOGY CAMPUSSTATION SOCORRO, NEWMEXICO NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY E. J. Workman, President STATE BUREAU OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES Alvin J. Thompson, Director THE REGENTS MEMBERS EXOFFICIO THEHONORABLEJACKM.CAMPBELL ................................ Governor of New Mexico LEONARDDELAY() ................................................... Superintendent of Public Instruction APPOINTEDMEMBERS WILLIAM G. ABBOTT ................................ ................................ ............................... Hobbs EUGENE L. COULSON, M.D ................................................................. Socorro THOMASM.CRAMER ................................ ................................ ................... Carlsbad EVA M. LARRAZOLO (Mrs. Paul F.) ................................................. Albuquerque RICHARDM.ZIMMERLY ................................ ................................ ....... Socorro Published February 1 o, 1964 For Sale by the New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Campus Station, Socorro, N. Mex.—Price $2.50 Contents Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION -
Life in the Fast Lane – from Hunted to Hunter Middle School Version
Life in the Fast Lane: From Hunted to Hunter Lab Activity: Dissection of a Squid-A Cephalopod Middle School Version Lesson by Kevin Goff Squid and octopi are cephalopods [say “SEFF-uh-luh-pods”]. The name means “head-foot,” because these animals have VIDEOS TO WATCH gripping, grasping arms that emerge straight from their heads. Watch this short clip on the Shape of Life At first glance, they seem totally different from every other website to become familiar with basic mollusc anatomy: creature on Earth. But in fact, they are molluscs, closely related • “Mollusc Animation: Abalone Body to snails, slugs, clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops. Like all Plan” (under Animation; 1.5 min) modern day molluscs, cephalopods descended from simple, Note the abalone’s foot, radula, and shell- snail-like ancestors. These ancient snails crept sluggishly on making mantle. These were present in the seafloor over 500 million years ago. Their shells resembled the snail-like ancestor of all molluscs an umbrella, probably to shield them from the sun’s intense ultraviolet radiation. When all sorts of new predators appeared on the scene, with powerful jaws or crushing claws, a thin shell was no match for such weapons. Over time, some snails evolved thicker shells, often coiled and spiky. These heavy shells did a better job of fending off predators, but they came with a price: They were costly to build and a burden to lug around. These snails sacrificed speed for safety. This lifestyle worked fine for many molluscs. And, still today, nearly 90% of all molluscs are heavily armored gastropods that crawl around at a snail’s pace. -
The Complexity and Origins of the Human Eye: a Brief Study on the Anatomy, Physiology, and Origin of the Eye
Running Head: THE COMPLEX HUMAN EYE 1 The Complexity and Origins of the Human Eye: A Brief Study on the Anatomy, Physiology, and Origin of the Eye Evan Sebastian A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2010 THE COMPLEX HUMAN EYE 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ David A. Titcomb, PT, DPT Thesis Chair ______________________________ David DeWitt, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Garth McGibbon, M.S. Committee Member ______________________________ Marilyn Gadomski, Ph.D. Assistant Honors Director ______________________________ Date THE COMPLEX HUMAN EYE 3 Abstract The human eye has been the cause of much controversy in regards to its complexity and how the human eye came to be. Through following and discussing the anatomical and physiological functions of the eye, a better understanding of the argument of origins can be seen. The anatomy of the human eye and its many functions are clearly seen, through its complexity. When observing the intricacy of vision and all of the different aspects and connections, it does seem that the human eye is a miracle, no matter its origins. Major biological functions and processes occurring in the retina show the intensity of the eye’s intricacy. After viewing the eye and reviewing its anatomical and physiological domain, arguments regarding its origins are more clearly seen and understood. Evolutionary theory, in terms of Darwin’s thoughts, theorized fossilization of animals, computer simulations of eye evolution, and new research on supposed prior genes occurring in lower life forms leading to human life. -
The Pax Gene Family: Highlights from Cephalopods Sandra Navet, Auxane Buresi, Sébastien Baratte, Aude Andouche, Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli, Yann Bassaglia
The Pax gene family: Highlights from cephalopods Sandra Navet, Auxane Buresi, Sébastien Baratte, Aude Andouche, Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli, Yann Bassaglia To cite this version: Sandra Navet, Auxane Buresi, Sébastien Baratte, Aude Andouche, Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli, et al.. The Pax gene family: Highlights from cephalopods. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2017, 12 (3), pp.e0172719. 10.1371/journal.pone.0172719. hal-01921138 HAL Id: hal-01921138 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01921138 Submitted on 13 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License RESEARCH ARTICLE The Pax gene family: Highlights from cephalopods Sandra Navet1☯, Auxane Buresi1☯, SeÂbastien Baratte1,2, Aude Andouche1, Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli1, Yann Bassaglia1,3* 1 UMR BOREA MNHN/CNRS7208/IRD207/UPMC/UCN/UA, MuseÂum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne UniversiteÂs, Paris, France, 2 Univ. Paris Sorbonne-ESPE, Sorbonne UniversiteÂs, Paris, France, 3 Univ. Paris Est CreÂteil-Val de Marne, CreÂteil, France ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 Pax genes play important roles in Metazoan development. Their evolution has been exten- sively studied but Lophotrochozoa are usually omitted. -
Twelfth International Visual Field Symposium
PERIMETRY UPDATE 1996/1997 PERIMETRY UPDATE 199611997 Proceedings of the Xllth International Perimetric Society Meeting Wijrzburg, Germany, June 4-8, 1996 edited by Michael Wall and Anders Heijl KUGLER PUBLICATIONS Amsterdam / New York ISBN 90-6299-139-4 Distributors For the LJ S A and Canada: DEMOS 386 Park Avenue South, Suite 201 New York, NY 10016 Telefax (+212) 683-0072 For all other countries Kugler Publications P.O. Box 11188 1001 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands 0 Copyright 1997 Kugler Publications All rights reserved No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without prior written permission of the publisher. Table of Contents v TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface xi New methods of perimetry Contrast sensitivity perimetry in experimental glaucoma: investigations with degenerate gratings R.S. Harwerth and E.L. Smith, III 3 The role of spatial and temporal factors in frequency-doubling perimetry C.A. Johnson and S. Demirel 13 Motion detection perimetry: properties and results M. Wall, C.F. Brito and K. Kutzko 21 Stimulus orientation can affect motion sensitivity in glaucoma M.C. Westcott, F.W. Fitzke and R.A. Hitchings 35 Short-wavelength automated perimetry and motion automated perimetry in glaucoma P.A. Sample, Ch.F. Bosworth, I. Irak and R.N. Weinreb 43 Blue-on-yellow perimetry in patients with ocular hypertension H. Maeda, Y. Tanaka and T. Sugiura 45 Mass screening for visual field defects with snowfield campimetry: results of a field study using local TV broadcasting A.C. Gisolf, J. Kirsch, H.K. -
Ponderous Ark Aquaculture in Florida
The Potential of Blood Ark and Ponderous Ark Aquaculture in Florida Results of Spawning, Larval Rearing, Nursery and Growout Trials Leslie N. Sturmer, Jose M. Nuñez, R. LeRoy Creswell, and Shirley M. Baker TP-169 SEPTEMBER 2009 Cover illustration: Ann Meyers This research was supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) under USDA Special Research Grant No. 2002-3445-11946; and by the National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) under NOAA Grant No. NA06 OAR-4170014. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these organizations. Additional copies are available by contacting: Shellfish Aquaculture Extension Program Florida Sea Grant University of Florida University of Florida PO Box 89 PO Box 110409 Cedar Key, FL 32625-0089 Gainesville, FL 32622-0409 (352)543-5057 (352) 392-2801 www.flseagrant.org TP 169 September 2009 The Potential of Blood Ark (Anadara ovalis) and Ponderous Ark (Noetia ponderosa) Aquaculture in Florida Results of Spawning, Larval Rearing, Nursery, and Growout Trials Leslie N. Sturmer Shellfish Aquaculture Extension Program Cooperative Extension Service Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Cedar Key Jose M. Nuñez The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience University of Florida St. Augustine R. LeRoy Creswell Florida Sea Grant College Program Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Fort Pierce Shirley M. Baker Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program School of Forest Resources and Conservation Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Gainesville September 2009 TP 169 ii Preface In November 1999, a workshop on New Molluscs for Aquaculture was conducted by the University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Florida Sea Grant, and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. -
Emanuele Serrelli Nathalie Gontier Editors Explanation, Interpretation
Interdisciplinary Evolution Research 2 Emanuele Serrelli Nathalie Gontier Editors Macroevolution Explanation, Interpretation and Evidence Interdisciplinary Evolution Research Volume 2 Series editors Nathalie Gontier, Lisbon, Portugal Olga Pombo, Lisbon, Portugal [email protected] About the Series The time when only biologists studied evolution has long since passed. Accepting evolution requires us to come to terms with the fact that everything that exists must be the outcome of evolutionary processes. Today, a wide variety of academic disciplines are therefore confronted with evolutionary problems, ranging from physics and medicine, to linguistics, anthropology and sociology. Solving evolutionary problems also necessitates an inter- and transdisciplinary approach, which is why the Modern Synthesis is currently extended to include drift theory, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, hybridization, epigenetics and punctuated equilibria theory. The series Interdisciplinary Evolution Research aims to provide a scholarly platform for the growing demand to examine specific evolutionary problems from the perspectives of multiple disciplines. It does not adhere to one specific academic field, one specific school of thought, or one specific evolutionary theory. Rather, books in the series thematically analyze how a variety of evolutionary fields and evolutionary theories provide insights into specific, well-defined evolutionary problems of life and the socio-cultural domain. Editors-in-chief of the series are Nathalie Gontier and Olga Pombo. The