Bibliography

The list following makes no claim to be a comprehensive bibliography of writings on the British constitution. It consists mainly, though not exclusively, of works appear• ing in recent years and consulted by the author. It does not include official docu• ments such as Command papers or Parliamentary reports.

Political institutions and politics

Birch, A. H., Representative and Responsible Government, Allen & Unwin 1964 Blackburn, R., and A. Kennon (ed.), Griffiths & Ryle on Parliament: Functions, Practice and Procedure, 2nd edn, Sweet & Maxwell 2003 Blackburn, R., and R. Plant (ed.), Constitutional Reform: the Labour Government's Constitutional Reform Agenda, Longman 1999 Bogdanor, V., The Monarchy and the Constitution, OUP 1995 Bogdanor, V., Politics and the Constitution: Essays on British Government, Dartmouth 1996 Bogdanor, V. (ed.), The British Constitution in the Twentieth Century, OUP 2003 Burch, M., and I. Holliday, The British Cabinet System, Prentice Hall 1996 Carmichael, P., and B. Dickson, The House of Lords: Its Parliamentary and Judicial Roles, Hart Publishing 1999 Chapman, R. (ed.), Ethics in Public Service for the new Millennium, Ashgate 2000 Daintith, T., and A. Page, The Executive in the Constitution: Structure, Autonomy and Internal Control, OUP 1999 Flinders, M., The Politics of Accountability in the Modern State, Ashgate 2001 Foley, M., The Politics of the British Constitution, Manchester University Press 1999 Goldsworthy,]. D., The Sovereignty of Parliament: History and Philosophy, OUP 1999 Hadfield, B. (ed.), : Politics and the Constitution, Open University Press 1992 Lord Hailsham of Marylebone, The Dilemma of : Diagnosis and Prescription, Collins 1978 Hansard Society Commission on Parliamentary Scrutiny, Report, The Challenge for Parliament: Making Government Accountable, Vacher Dod Partnership Ltd 2001 Hazell, R. (ed.), Constitutional Futures, OUP 1999 Hazell, R. (ed.), The State of the Nations 2000: the First Year of Devolution in the United Kingdom, Imprint Academic 2000 Hennessy, P., The Prime Minister: the Office and Its Holders since 1945, Allen Lane 2000 Holliday, I., A. Gamble and G. Parry (eds), Fundamentals in British Politics, Macmillan 1999 Jowell, ]., and D. Oliver (ed.), The Changing Constitution, OUP 1985 Judge, D., A Parliamentary State, Sage Publications 1993 Leigh, I., Law, Politics and Local Democracy, OUP 2000 Marshall, G., Constitutional Conventions, OUP 1984 Parris, H., Constitutional Bureaucracy, Allen & Unwin 1969 Rao, N., Reviving Local Democracy: New Labour, New Politics?, Policy Press 2000

318 Bibliography 319

Riddell, P., Parliament under Pressure, Gollancz 1998 Stevens, R., The English Judges: Their Role in the Changing Constitution, Hart Publishing 2002 Stone Sweet, A., Governing with Judges, OUP 2000 Trench, A. (ed.), The State of the Nations 2001: the Second Year of Devolution in the United Kingdom, Imprint Academic 2001

Law and the constitution

Allan, T. R. S., Constitutional Justice: a Liberal Theory of the Rule of Law, OUP 2001 Bates, T. St ]. (ed.), Devolution in Scotland: the Legal Aspects, T & T Clark 1997 Brazier, R., Constitutional Reform, OUP 1991 Brazier, R., Constitutional Practice, 3rd edn, OUP 1999 Gobert,]., Justice, Democracy and the Jury, Ashgate 1997 Gough, J. W., Fundamentals in English Constitutional History, OUP 1955 Institute for Public Policy Research, A Written Constitution for the United Kingdom, Mansell Publishing Ltd 1993 Marshall, G., Constitutional Theory, OUP 1971 Richardson, G., and H. Genn, Administrative Law and Government Action: the Courts and Alternative Mechanisms of Review, Oxford 1994 Robertson, A. H., Human Rights in Europe, Manchester University Press 1963 Robertson, D., Judicial Discretion in the House of Lords, OUP 1995 Sterett, S., Creating Constitutionalism? The Politics of Legal Expertise and Administrative Law in England and Wales, Ann Arbor 1997 Turpin, C., British Government and the Constitution: Text, Cases and Materials, 4th edn, Butterworth 1999 Vincenzo, C., Crown Powers, Subjects and Citizens, Pinter 1998 Waldron, J., The Dignity of Legislation, CUP 1999

Theory and history

Barker, R., Legitimating Identities: the Self-Preservation of Rulers and Subjects, CUP 2001 Bentley, M., Public and Private Doctrine, CUP 1993 Davies, E. T., The Political Ideas of Richard Hooker, SPCK 1946 Greenleaf, W. H., The British Political Tradition, Vol. 3, A Much Governed Nation (2 Parts), Methuen 1987 Manin, B., The Principles of Representative Government, CUP 1997 Peacock, A. A., Rethinking the Constitution: Perspectives on Canadian Constitutional Reform. Interpretation and Theory, OUP 1996 Schmitt, C., The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy, translated with Introduction by E. Kennedy, MIT 1985 Sisson, C. H., The Spirit of British Administration, Faber & Faber 1959

Church and state

Bradley, I., God Save the Queen: the Spiritual Dimension of Monarchy, Darton, Longman and Todd 2002 Brose, 0. ]., Church and Parliament: the Reshaping of the Church of England 1828-1860, Stanford 1959 320 Bibliography

Doe, N., The Legal Framework of the Church of England, OUP 1996 Hastings, A., History of English Christianity 1920-1950, 3rd edn, SCM Press 1991 Medhurst, K., and G. Moyser, Church and Politics in a Secular Age, OUP 1988 Moyser, G. (ed.), Church and Politics Today: the Role of the Church of England in Contemporary Politics, T & T Clark 1985 Index

Act of Settlement 1701 68, 141 Charles I 22, 168 Act of Union 1707 15, 174 Charles X (of France) 12 Attlee, C. R., Prime Minister 1945-51 checks and balances 216, 296-300 83 Civil service 165, 224, 228, 230, 234 Austria 16, 41, 261 management in 93-4, 96, 229-30, 232 Bagehot, Walter 10, 30, 60, 81, 88, political neutrality of 80, 94-6, 230, 223, 312 231-3 Barnett formula 177-8 Coke, Sir Edward 30 Belfast Agreement 182, 185-6 Collins, Mr Justice 247 Belgium 16 common law 17, 25, 144-S, 304 Berlin, Sir Isaiah 25 consent, principle of 21-S 15, 57, 68, 141, Conservative party 17, 81, 174, 175, 237 176, 211 Bingham of Cornhill, Lord 147, 249, constitutionalism, liberal 9-10, 15-17, 250 312 Blair, Tony, Prime Minister 1997- 3, constitutions, written 12, 14 84, 149, 164, 165, 213, 232 conventions 13, 17, 18 Boothroyd, Baroness 119 Cook, Robin, MP 86-7, 227 Bridge, Lord 270 Court of Star Chamber, abolition of 14 British constitution Cranborne, Lord 210 contrasted with codified constitutions Crichel Down case 145 11-15, 19-20 Crosssman R. H. S. MP 81 customary nature of 2, 4-S, 13, 17, Crown 25, 30, 35, 64 18-19, 22, 35-6, 163, 168-9, as a legal construct 58-9, 62-7, 76 311-12, 313 Crown Proceedings Act 1947 64, 145 as institutional practices 2, 6, 10, 161 decentralisation 199, 298, 299 reform plans for S, 9, 11, 164, democratisation, of constitution 166, 169-70, 171 167-8, 299 rights under 22, 24, 26, 28, 33-4, Denmark 14, 261 238-9 Denning, Lord 269-70, 280 survival of 13, 163 devolution, see also Northern Ireland, weakening of 34-6 Scotland, Wales SO, 131, 169, 173, Bryce, James, Viscount 12 297 Burke, Edmund 168 issues, appeals on 181, 184, 192, Byers, Stephen, MP 199 195, 255 models compared 193-9, 297 cabinet government 81-2, 84-S, 86, representation at Westminster under 289-90 180, 196 Callagham, James, Prime Minister Dewar, Donald, First Minister Scotland 1976-79 175 1999-2000 178 centralisation 40, 48, 97-8, 162 Dicey A. V. 31, 149 Chadwick, Sir Edwin 41 Diplock, Lord 147 Charity Commission 47 Donaldson, Lord 270

321 322 Index

Economic and Monetary Union 63, Hart, Herbert 25 262, 305 Henry VIII 57, 67 elective dictatorship 214, 215, 308-9 Henson, Hensley, Bishop of Durham electoral law 170, 194, 217 74 Elizabeth I 57, 67, 70 Hobbes, Thomas 25, 238 Elizabeth II, see monarch and monarchy Hoffmann, Lord 248, 269 Elizabeth, Queen Mother, funeral of 70 Hope of Craighead, Lord 250 England, Church of 14, 41 human rights 301-2, 303 established status of 67-9, 70-4 29, 123, 131, General Synod of 72 145, 147, 150-1, 152, 195, 240-5, Monarch, head of 67 252, 253, 256, 301 parochial system 73-4 cases under 248-51 executive power in Britain 31-2, declarations of incompatibility with 79-80, 81, 84-5, 97-9 246 European Communities, see European impact of 245-8, 251 Union European Communities Act 1972 29, institutions 285-6 110, 129-30, 261 Ireland, Republic of 260 European Convention of Human Rights Irvine of Lairg, Lord, 37, 123, 131, 143, 150-1, 152, 1997-2003 40, 71, 140 169-70, 177, 212, 237, 239, 240-5, 251, 252, 257, 301 James II 57, 68, 237 European law 268-72 Jenkins of Hillhead, Lord 217 European Union 3, 5, 27, 32, 34, 37, Judicial Appointments Commission 57, 65, 110-11, 130, 163, 246, 256-7 261-2, 264, 280, 306-7 Judiciary 22, 30, 141, 142, 144-5, 153, bureaucratic politics in 266-8 154-5, 255 constitution for 272-8 judicial review by 145-9 growing powers of 265-6 recruitment of 141-3 impact on British Parliament jury, institution of 155 110-11, 266-8 Kilbrandon Commission on the Constitution 1969-73 174-5 Finland 261 France 16, 41 Labour party 3, 81, 106, 174, 176, 240, Freedom of Information Act 2000 170, 285 309 Laws, Lord Justice 66 French Revolution 11, 23, 238 legal culture 253-4, 302-4 fundamentals 10, 11, 314 legislation delegated 109-10 George II 65 drafting of 107-8, 254, 271 Germany, constitution of 14, 16, 152 Liberal Democrats 176 Giscard d'Estaing, Valery 272 liberty, ideas of 25-8 Greater London, government of 24, Livingstone, Mr Ken, Greater London 199, 200-2, 295 Mayor 202 Greece 261 local authorities 33, 41-3, 202-4 Greene, Lord 148 Locke, John 25, 238 Lord Chancellorship, abolition of 143, Act 1679 15 255, 257-8, 309 Hailsham, Lord, Lord Chancellor Louis XVIII 12 1970-74, 1979-87 147 Louis Philippe, French King 12 Index 323

Mackintosh, John, MP 81 Northern Ireland Macmillan, Harold, Prime Minister Assembly, powers of 183-4 1957-63 278 Civil Service, Northern Ireland 185, magistrates, lay magistrates 141, 155 197 14, 22, 23 7 devolution for 45, 165, 182-8 Maitland, F. W. 15, 58, 64 electoral law in 188 Major, John, Prime Minister 1990-97 Executive authorities in 184 88, 163, 164, 165, 305 suspension of Assembly 131, 187 Mallon, Seamus, Deputy First Minister, Northern Ireland 184 Oakeshott, Michael 309 managerialism 92-4, 234, 285-6 Opposition, role of 105-6 mandated majority 291 Parliament Mary II, Queen 57 Church Measures in 71-2 McLiesh, Henry, First Minister Scotland consent needed 22-3, 24 2000-01 178 House of Commons 17, 293-4: Clerk media 91 of 120; debate in 219; Michael, Alun, Welsh First Secretary Department select committees of 1999-2000 192-3 see also scrutiny function 113, ' Mill, John Stuart 292 114-16; legislative functions of ministers 106-11, 162-3, 219; modernisation accountability of 80, 90-1, 92-3, of 209, 217, 219, 222, 287; Private 220-2, 233 Members, role of 107, 112-19; collective responsibility of 86-7, Public Accounts Committee of 41 227 112, 221; Public Administration ' individual responsibility of 87-8, Select Committee of 215-16; ' 226-7 scrutiny function 102-6, 111-15, powers vested in 89-90, 97-8 220-1; Speaker of 119-21 122· responsibility of 79, 80, 85-90 Standards and Privileges, S~lect ' modernisation 36-7, 75-6, 166, 168, Committee on 122 170 House of Lords 35, 73, 80, 103, 118, Monarch 121, 124-9, 170, 177, 209, 287, constitutional roles of 58, 59-60, 293, 308: composition of 127-9, 288-9 170, 210-13; functions of 125 Head of Commonwealth, as 61, 67 126, 213-14, 215; judicial role honours, and 66 ~f 121, 153, 215, 255, 258; legislative representational role of 61-2 procedures in 125, 126, 214; select monarchy, see also Monarch 75-6 288-90 ' committees in 127, 267 Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 124-5, moral significance of 75 128, 129, 213 religious dimension of 69-70 Parliamentary Counsel 108 Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat parliamentary government, category of 15, 253 290-2 Morgan, Rhodri, Welsh First Secretary, parliamentary privilege 121-3 2000- 193 Plaid Cymru 193 Municipal Corporations Act 1835 41 pluralism 43, 46-8, 296-300 political parties 16, 32 49-50 51-2 Napoleon I, French Emperor 12, 23 133, 134, 162 ' ' ' National Lottery 51, 300 Pope, Alexander 312 National Trust 47 Portugal 261 Netherlands 14 Powell, J. Enoch 57 324 Index

Prescott, John, Deputy Prime Minister parliamentary sovereignty 28-31, 199 101, 103, 129-3~ 195-6 Prime Minister, office of 82-5, 223-6, Spain 11, 261 289-90 state, British idea of 27, 48, SO powers of 82-5, 223-6, subsidiarity 51-3, 278-9 289-90 Supreme Court, proposal for 255, 256, support services for 224-5 258 Prussia 41 Sweden 261 Switzerland 14, 32 referendum, provisions for 63, 294-8 Thatcher, Margaret, Prime Minister 15, 22 1979-90 3, 27, 82, 83, 97, 149, Regions, English Regions 199, 204-6, 163, 16~ 165, 175, 22~ 231, 23~ 295 286 representative principle 24, 293-4 Tocqueville, Alexis de 169 Russian Federation 15-16 tradition 9, 168, 286-8, 311 Russian Revolution 15 Trimble, David, First Minister Northern Ireland 184, 198 Schliemann, Lord Justice 248 Scotland, and devolution 29, 132, United Kingdom, non-English members 173-6 of 33, 44-6 representation at Westminster 150, United States of America 180 Constitution of 12, 14, 235, 243, Treaty of Union with 33, 45, 174 274, 279, 298 Scotland, Church of 45, 68, 71, 72, due process in 25 174 Presidency of 289-90 174, 176-82 Supreme Court of 17, 144, 152, Scottish Constitutional Convention 243 163, 175 Scottish Executive 178, 179-80 Victoria, Queen 58, 59 Scottish National Party 86, 174, 176 Scottish Parliament 176-8, 182 Wales 43, 132 separation of powers 34 devolution model for 188-93 Short, Clare, MP 227 Weber, Max 89 Single European Act 1986 264 Welsh Assembly, powers of 188-91 Slynn of Hadley, Lord 250 First Secretary in 190, 191 Smith, Sir Thomas 31 'West Lothian' question 196 sovereignty William III 57 and a parliamentary executive 32, Wilson, Harold, Prime Minister 80, 99 1964-70, 1974-76 174