PSRC Funding Application

Competition Regional FTA Application Main Competition Status submitted

Submitted: March 17th, 2017 3:16 PM

Prepopulated with screening form? Yes

Project Information

1. Project Title Sounder Vehicle Procurement 2. Transportation 2040 ID Exempt 3. Sponsoring Agency Sound Transit 4. Cosponsors NA 5. Does the sponsoring agency have "Certification Acceptance" status from WSDOT? N/A 6. If not, which agency will serve as your CA sponsor? N/A 7. Is your agency a designated recipient for FTA funds? Yes 8. Designated recipient concurrence NA

Contact Information

1. Contact name Lisa Wolterink 2. Contact phone 206-689-3359 3. Contact email [email protected]

Project Description

1. Project Scope This project will purchase 1 commuter rail locomotive and 3 passenger cars to increase capacity and support Sounder south line ridership growth, reduce overcrowding and improve service reliability. The new locomotive will be either Tier 3 or Tier 4 EPA standard, which significantly reduces air pollution. A major purpose of Sounder commuter rail is to connect centers, consistent with regional plans. The Sounder south line serves both Pierce and King Counties and a total of 10 centers. • Regional Growth Centers served by Sounder: Auburn, Kent, Lakewood, Puyallup Downtown, Seattle CBD, Tacoma Downtown and Tukwila. Sounder Connector services also connect to Puyallup South Hill Center, ensuring customers are able to access Sounder commuter rail from nearby P&R lots as parking at the Sounder stations is often full by the early morning hours. • Manufacturing and Industrial Centers served by Sounder: Kent, North Tukwila, Port of • Manufacturing and Industrial Centers served by Sounder: Kent, North Tukwila, Port of Tacoma and Sumner-Pacific.

Sounder south line ridership continues strong growth. The additional vehicles in this request will help provide additional capacity to accommodate ridership growth. • In January 2017, Sounder ridership was up 32,000, or 9.7%, compared to January 2016. Similarly, average weekday boardings on Sounder were up 2.5% compared to same period last year, reaching an all-time high of 17,000 average weekday boardings.

• In September 2017, two Sounder round trips will begin on the busy south line (the additional trips were approved under ST2). The two new trips will bring the total number of weekday trains to 13 on the south line (ie 13 round trips or 26 one-way train trips).

• In 2022, the commuter rail system is projected to carry over 5.6 million passengers, growth of over 45 percent since 2015. On a typical weekday, Sounder is expected to surpass 21,000 boardings. Projected Growth in Ridership (Boardings) and Service for Sounder Commuter Rail • 2014 Annual Riders: 3.4 million • 2016 Annual Riders: 4.2 million • 2040 Annual Riders: 8-11 million • 2040 Annual Passenger Miles: 190-255 million Source: ST3 modeling

For north line and south line annual boardings through 2016, refer to Table 1 in the Appendix. SUMMARY OF BENEFITS OF ADDING 3 PASSENGER CARS AND 1 LOCOMOTIVE • The 3 new passenger cars will increase ridership by an estimated 207,480 per year. • Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) will be reduced by 9,658,194 per year. • A Sounder south line rider can reduce travel times by an average of 22 minutes per day (44 minutes per day) as compared to driving or riding the bus in congested times. • Annually, this project can save nearly 76,323 hours of travel time, worth $1,026,544 in economic benefit (assuming the value of time is $13.45 per hr). • Sounder south line connects regional growth centers and MICs with populations totaling 65,927 (31,954 households) and 295,542 jobs. • Sounder will operate commuter rail service approximately every 20 minutes by fall of 2017. • The span of service is currently 4:41a.m.to 6:20 p.m. • Sounder supports Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and redevelopment plans in cities near the stations. Many cities have TOD zoning around the stations. • A Tier 3 locomotive will reduce fine particulate matter by 60%, oxides of nitrogen by 26%, and hydrocarbons by 55% as compared to a Tier 0 engine. Tier 4 engines are even cleaner. • The 3 additional passenger cars will provide a total of 12 additional bike spaces (4 spaces per car). • This request will be used for equipment purchase. The project is a NEPA catagorical exclusion (CE). Funds can be obligated immediately and the project completed by the end of 2019. Sound Transit local funds will be used to provide the matching funds and pay for additional Sounder service.

Additional Vehicles are Needed for Growth and Additional Capacity for Passengers Over the last five years, total Sounder ridership has grown over 70% with 75% of the growth occurring on the south-line and 57% on the north line. In 2016, Sound Transit added additional trips to the south line (late morning/early afternoon trips). Significant growth in Sounder ridership has largely been absorbed by existing available capacity on-board trains. On most of the Sounder trips, trains are essentially full, with most or all seats occupied. Some Sounder south line trips are so busy that passengers have to stand. The purchase of one locomotive and three more cab cars would be used to accommodate capacity concerns.

Additional Vehicles are Needed for Reliability Sounder is generally a reliable mode of travel, however, the fleet is heavily used. With high ridership growth and service increases, strains are being put on the fleet. Sounder is experiencing some constraints that affect the reliability of service. • In 2016, Sounder fleet availability was constrained with the additional vehicles in service in combination with the various vehicle campaigns and programs in place (PTC, truck and HVAC replacements, overhauls and preventative maintenance cycles). There were 8 cancelled and 37 delayed trips due to mechanical issues, repairs and vehicle maintenance. • In 2016, the fleet experienced 27 major mechanical failures, many of which had residual impacts on additional trains in service. • The current spare ratio for cars is 4%; for locos the spare ratio is 8%. • In 2016, the Percentage of Scheduled Trips Operated was 98.7%. This is lower than the performance target of 99.5% or better. • In 2016, On-Time Performance was at 92.8%. This is lower than the performance target of 95% or better. • If Sounder ever encountered an unfortunate accident, it would be many months with a locomotive and/or passenger car out of service until repairs are made. • The additional vehicles in this request will help mitigate risk of compromising service quality resulting from mechanical failures, repairs and vehicle maintenance. The additional vehicles help with improving Sounder reliability. Additional locomotive requested is proposed to be Tier 3 EPA-certified or Tier 4 Additional locomotive requested is proposed to be Tier 3 EPA-certified or Tier 4 Sound Transit has the option of buying either a used locomotive or a new locomotive. (Locomotives have a long useful life and there is a market for used locomotives.) Used locomotives can be anywhere from Tier 0 to Tier 3 standard. If Sound Transit bought a used locomotive, it would include a cleaner, Tier 3 engine instead of Tier 0. Tier 3 locomotives are more fuel-efficient and have better emission control technology. If Sound Transit bought a new locomotive, it would be Tier 4 – even cleaner. For comparison: • A Tier 3 locomotive will reduce particulate matter (PM) by 60%, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) by 26%, and hydrocarbons by 55% as compared to a Tier 0 engine. Tier 3 engines save 1% on fuel. • A Tier 4 locomotive reduces 85% of PM and NOx emissions and saves 8% more fuel as compared to Tier 0. • Tier 4 reduces PM by 70% and NOx by 76% from the prior Tier 3 regulations. • Tier 4 compliant engines significantly reduce emissions PM and NOx to near zero levels. • Relative to previous emissions standards, Tier 4 compliant engines reduce emissions by just over 86 percent for much larger applications like locomotives.

This project provides an immediate mobility improvements and measurable fuel savings, air pollution reductions, and health benefits to the community on a very short timeframe. In 2015 alone, Sound Transit reduced the particulate emissions that cause respiratory disease by 21% for Sounder locomotives. The vehicles in this grant request help prepare for ST3 Sounder South Service and Capital Improvements ST3 includes Sounder improvements allowing Sound Transit to run longer trains and carry more riders. In addition, track and signal upgrades and other related infrastructure will provide additional capacity. • Sounder south currently operates 7-car trains. ST3 will increase south line ridership by increasing capacity with extended platforms that could serve trains up to 10 cars in length and approximately 40% more passengers at Lakewood, Tacoma, Puyallup, Sumner, Auburn, Kent and Tukwila. • In addition to expanding train capacity, ST3 provides the potential to run additional trips during the day. • Two stations will be added to the south line, one at Tillicum to serve Joint Base Lewis- McChord and a second at DuPont. 2. Project Justification, Need, or Purpose The additional Sounder vehicles would be put into service on the region’s most congested corridor, serving the region’s densest downtowns and urban centers, adding critical capacity where it is most needed to support the region’s economy and preserve its quality of life. Sounder Provides Fast and Reliable Service along the Congested I-5 and SR 167 Corridors. Transportation system reliability has continued to decline in the Puget Sound region for several decades, both for car drivers and for transit riders whose travel times also suffer from worsening congestion in HOV lanes. This is primarily related to increases in the severity of traffic congestion and the greater likelihood of congestion occurring at any time of day or on any day of the week. Hours of delay on central Puget Sound's freeways nearly doubled between 2010 and 2015, increasing by 95 percent. Delay increased by 18 percent between 2014 and 2015 alone. WSDOT estimates of how much time a driver needs to allow for travel between certain points in the regional system due to the unpredictability of highway travel times in the region during the afternoon commute. WSDOT data shows reliability on the region’s highways to be steadily declining, including in the corridor between Lakewood- Tacoma-Seattle. For example, the existing highway travel time reliability for Tacoma to Lakewood: • Time at Posted Speeds = 5 minutes • Time to Ensure 95% On Time Arrival = 16 minutes • Additional Time for On Time Arrival = 10 minutes • % of Additional Time for On Time Arrival = 167% (Source: WSDOT 2015 Corridor Capacity Report) Residents of Pierce and King Counties face challenging travel conditions from home to jobs in downtown Seattle and other employment centers. I-5 through downtown Seattle is the fifth busiest highway section in the United States with 301,061 car trips per day. Without transit, it would require five additional single occupancy vehicle (SOV) lanes to meet the capacity demand on this stretch of I-5. From 2012 to 2014 the I-5 corridor in the south Puget Sound region saw an increase in vehicle hours of delay from 473,500 to 939,500 hours. (WSDOT 2015 Corridor Capacity Report). Like I-5, SR 167 is one of the key commute and economic corridors in the central Puget Sound region connecting north Pierce and south King counties to the cities of Seattle and Bellevue. With jobs located in the Seattle/Bellevue/Renton urban areas and affordable housing found in south-east King and north-east Pierce Counties, on a daily basis, SR 167 is one of the most congested highways in Washington State. Due in part to capacity chokepoints, traffic at specific locations on the SR 167 corridor worsened from 2012 to 2014, with morning and evening weekday commutes experiencing heavy congestion up to six hours a day, affecting commuters and commerce. Delay increased 29% on SR 167 between Auburn and Renton (WSDOT 2015 Corridor Capacity increased 29% on SR 167 between Auburn and Renton (WSDOT 2015 Corridor Capacity Report and WSDOT website). Average Travel Time Benefits from Taking Sounder Instead of Driving A Sounder south rider can reduce travel times by an average of 22 minutes per trip (44 minutes per day) as compared to driving or riding the bus in congested times. Riders from stations such as Lakewood Station or Puyallup Station have ever more travel time savings. Taking Sounder from Lakewood to Seattle takes 1 hour and 13 minutes. However, driving from Lakewood to Seattle in the peak period can take up to 2 hours. Taking Sounder instead of driving can provide a travel time savings of up to 45 minutes per trip – or 90 minutes per day (Source: Google maps). For Travel Time Benefit Calculations, see Table 2 in the Appendix. By fall of 2017, 26 commuter rail trains will serve the Seattle-Lakewood corridor daily. The purpose of this project is to purchase 1 locomotive and 3 passenger cars needed on the Sounder south line service to address ridership growth, overcrowding on trains and improve service reliability. The project supports critical mobility options in Pierce and King Counties with fast, reliable and proven high capacity service. Purpose and Need Need #1: Increasing congestion will further degrade existing roadway/bus performance and reliability. • I‐5 is congested 8 hours each weekday and expected to worsen to 11 hours by 2035 • Speeds on I-5 HOV lanes expected to decrease 30% • Congestion degrades bus service: Some buses can operate only 50% on time. For example, King County Metro’s RapidRide BRT takes over 40 minutes to travel 11 miles between the Federal Way and Tukwila. Overall, ST Express buses operate 86% on time. However, when traffic is particularly heavy (ie when it’s raining), buses can be over 30 minutes delayed. Need #2: Transit demand is expected to grow up to 75% by 2035. • Between 2010 and 2035, population growth for the cities in the corridor is projected to be over 24% and employment growth is anticipated to be over 66% (Source: PSRC, 2013). This growth will require additional and more reliable transportation options. • PSRC’s VISION 2040 includes Seattle and Tacoma as “Metropolitan Cities,” which are intended to accommodate 32% of regional population growth and 42% of regional employment growth by the year 2040. “Core Cities” such as Auburn, Kent, Lakewood, Puyallup and Tukwila are intended to accommodate 22% of the region’s population growth and 29% of its employment growth by the year 2040. The Sounder south line serves all of these cities and will help provide access. • Increased transit demand. Key Sounder trips already operate above capacity. Need #3: The corridor serves transit‐dependent populations who need efficient and reliable regional transit connectivity. Improved transit increases access to expanding regional job markets by providing affordable and accessible commuting options for low‐income households, and improves access to schools, jobs, family, and health care for transit ‐dependent youth and seniors. Need #4: Environmental and sustainability goals of the state and region include reducing vehicle miles traveled and greenhouse gas emissions. Washington law sets goals to decrease the annual per capita VMT by 30% by 2035 and 50% by 2050. Another state goal is to reduce overall emissions of greenhouse gases to 25% below 1990 levels by 2035 and to 50% below 1990 levels by 2050. • This project will reduce an estimated 207,480 SOV trips and 9,658,194 VMT annually

Project Location

1. Project Location Sounder south line: Lakewood to Seattle (King and Pierce Counties) 2. Please identify the county(ies) in which the project is located. King, Pierce 3. Crossroad/landmark nearest the beginning of the project King Street Station 4. Crossroad/landmark nearest the end of the project Lakewood Station 5. Map and project graphics Sounder_South_PSRC-Growth_Centers.pdf, Sounder_Appendices_(FINAL).docx

Plan Consistency

1. Is the project specifically identified in a local comprehensive plan? Yes 2. If yes, please indicate the (1) plan name, (2) relevant section(s), and (3) page number where it can be found. Sounder is included in Sound Transit plans and is either identified specifically or consistent with all local comprehensive plans along the Sounder corridor. Sounder Commuter Rail is also included in the following Statewide Plans: • Washington State Passenger Rail System • WSDOT’s Pacific Northwest Rail Corridor Service Development Plan/ Fleet Management Plan • The project is part of a "project of statewide significance" according to RCW 47.06.140. The project is included in the ST2 plan on pages 8, 16 and 17.Sound Transit 2: A Mass Transit Guide: http://www.soundtransit.org/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/st2/transitexapansion/st2_plan_web.pdf It is also included as S24 in ST2: http://www.soundtransit.org/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/projects/planning/s24_sounder_lakewood- seattle_expanded_service.pdf Local Comprehensive Plans Seattle’s Comprehensive Plan includes many policies that support commuter rail: • T21 – “Support development of an integrated, regional high capacity transit system that links urban centers within the city and the region.” • Policy T4.3 “Reduce drive-alone vehicle trips, vehicle dependence, and vehicle-miles traveled in order to help meet the City’s greenhouse gas reduction targets and reduce and mitigate air, water, and noise pollution.” • T55 - Coordinate with other city, county, regional, state, and federal agencies to pursue op- portunities for air and water quality improvement, street and stormwater runoff prevention, reduction in vehicle miles traveled, and noise reduction. • T56 - Continue to work to reduce fuel use and promote the use of alternative fuels. Tukwila’s Comprehensive Plan includes many policies that support commuter rail. • 13.3.10 - Establish multi-modal levels of service consistent with planned development, the countywide vision for managing growth, Vision 2040 and Transportation 2040. • 13.4.5 - Continue to provide assistance to King County Metro, Sound Transit, Washington State Department of Transportation, King County and other agencies in increasing people carrying capacity of vehicles and reducing trips. • 13.4.8 - Encourage and support public transportation services, including: continued development of commuter and light rail, particularly with service to Southcenter and the Manufacturing/Industrial Center; and Commute Trip Reduction service. Auburn’s Comprehensive Plan includes a Transit Services objective that encourages the continued development of public transit systems and other alternatives to SOV travel, to relieve traffic congestion, to reduce reliance on the automobile for personal transportation needs, to improve route coverage and scheduling, and to ensure transit is a convenient and reliable mode option for both local and regional trips. • Transit-01 - Partner with WSDOT, Metro Transit, Pierce Transit, Sound Transit, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, and private businesses to achieve Auburn's transit and passenger rail objectives. • Transit-02: Work with local and regional transit agencies to serve new and existing trip generators in Auburn, such as colleges, commercial areas, and community facilities. • Transit-08 - Work with transit providers and regional agencies to develop a transit system that is fully accessible to pedestrians and the physically challenged, and which integrates the access, safety, and parking requirements of bicyclists. • Transit-10: Work with transit providers to create new commuter – oriented transit routes and maintain existing commuter routes linked with Sounder commuter rail. • Transit-11: Develop rider information packages that inform users of commuter, transit, rail, trail, and air transportation opportunities. Kent’s Comprehensive Master Plan has a goal of goal of providing a balanced, multimodal transportation system. • Policy T-5.1: Emphasize transit investments that provide mobility and access within the community and make it possible for citizens to access local services and support local businesses while reducing auto-dependent travel. • Policy T-6.2: Promote measures to increase the use of high-occupancy vehicles, public transit and non-motorized travel modes among employers located within the City who are not required to comply with commute trip reduction. The Kent Transit Master Plan encourages the development and use of alternatives to single- occupancy vehicles. • TR-8.1 - Work with regional transit providers to resolve the transit needs identified in the TMP and provide high quality travel options for local residents, employees, students, visitors, business, and other users of local and regional facilities. • TR-8.3 - Emphasize transit service and capital investments that provide mobility and access within the City of Kent and make it possible for residents to access local services and support local businesses while reducing their travel by auto. • TR-8.9 - Coordinate with transit providers and other transportation agencies in the design and placement of bus shelters and transit supportive facilities that are needed at both ends of the transit trip when the transit rider becomes a pedestrian or a bike rider. of the transit trip when the transit rider becomes a pedestrian or a bike rider. Sumner’s Comprehensive Plan, Town Center Plan and Town Vision are supportive of commuter rail. Sumner’s comprehensive plan promotes the movement of people and goods to lessen the reliance on the automobile. It goes on to further state that providing an efficient and safe multimodal transportation system improves the mobility for residents, employees, and visitors of Sumner while maintaining quality of life and economic vitality of the City. • Goal 1 - Support regional transit connections in the Sumner Planning Area. • Policy 1.6- Promote the use of Sounder commuter train by the entire Sumner Community. Provide housing near the train station for households desiring the close transit availability and provide services and businesses that cater to residents and train commuters. Puyallup’s Comprehensive Plan encourages a variety of transportation options that provide better connectivity within Puyallup and throughout the region. • T-1.1b - Cooperate with transit providers, including Pierce Transit and Sound Transit, to encourage provision of facilities and services which make multi-modal travel more convenient. • T-4.2b - Actively coordinate with Sound Transit to complete plans and secure funding and grants for future additions that support access to the City's commuter rail station.

City of Tacoma’s Comprehensive Plan is supportive of the high-capacity transit system, including light rail and commuter rail. The City of Tacoma’s Transportation Master Plan, page 81, includes Sounder Commuter Rail high capacity transit. City of Tacoma’s Comprehensive Plan includes transit supportive policies. • 1.4 Partner with Transit - Integrate land use and transportation planning, promote transit- oriented or transit-supportive development (TOD) and multimodal transit access, and ultimately improve the reliability, availability, and convenience of bus, streetcar, and light rail transit options for all users and modes through partnerships with public transit agencies, local and regional government, and other regional agencies to leverage resources. • 3.12 Transit Operational Efficiency - Support efficient transit operations through street and transit stop designs on transit priority streets that comply with standards and include transit- supportive elements for bus, streetcar, and light rail transit. See page 83 for potential transit- supportive elements. • 3.13 Encourage Transit Ridership - Encourage transit ridership by implementing pedestrian improvements near transit stops, conducting outreach to employers, and working with public transit agencies to identify strategies to improve the frequency and ridership of transit service, including bus, streetcar, and light rail, between high density residential areas and employment centers. These strategies would include locating transit stops / stations to maximize convenience of transfers between modes and / or connecting to other routes. • 6.8 Transit-Oriented Development - Promote TOD or transit-supportive development and provide incentives for development that includes specific TOD features. The City of Lakewood Comprehensive Plan states that the Lakewood Station District will act as the multi-modal commuter hub of Lakewood and the southern terminus of Sound Transit’s commuter rail service. The Lakewood Station District is a transit-oriented development cluster surrounding Lakewood, which is targeted for major urban growth. • T-2.2 - Continue to participate in regional transportation planning to develop and upgrade long-range transportation plans. • T-13.7- Allocate staff resources to work with other transportation government agencies in drafting and submitting joint applications for state and federal transportation grants to support projects that benefit multiple jurisdictions. • T-13.1 - Work with Sound Transit and WSDOT to pursue expansion of the existing SR-512 park-and-ride facility. • T-13.9: Explore local shuttle service between high density areas within the urban center such as the Lakewood Station district, Lakewood Towne Center, the planned Sound Transit commuter rail station, the Colonial Center, and other high-density developments with high transit ridership potential. This project is also consistent with VISION 2040’s Multicounty Planning Policies. This project specifically supports the following policies: • MPP-En-3: Maintain and, where possible, improve air and water quality, soils, and natural systems to ensure the health and well-being of people, animals, and plants. Reduce the impacts of transportation on air and water quality, and climate change. • MPP-En-4: Ensure that all residents of the region, regardless of social or economic status, live in a healthy environment, with minimal exposure to pollution. • MPP-En-18: Reduce levels for air toxics, fine particulates, and greenhouse gases. • MPP-En-19: Continue efforts to reduce pollutants from transportation activities, including through the use of cleaner fuels and vehicles and increasing alternatives to driving alone, as well as design and land use. • MPP-En-23: Reduce greenhouse gases by expanding the use of conservation and alternative energy sources and by reducing vehicle miles traveled by increasing alternatives to driving alone. • MPP-T-6: Seek the development and implementation of transportation modes and technologies that are energy-efficient and improve system performance. • MPP-T-7: Develop a transportation system that minimizes negative impacts to human health. • MPP-T-23: Emphasize transportation investments that provide and encourage alternatives to single-occupancy vehicle travel and increase travel options, especially to and within centers and along corridors connecting centers. 3. If no, please describe how the project is consistent with the applicable local 3. If no, please describe how the project is consistent with the applicable local comprehensive plan, including specific local policies and provisions the project supports. N/A

Federal Functional Classification

1. Functional class name 00 Not applicable (transit, enhancements, Etc.)

Support for Centers

1. Designated center(s) supported A major benefit of Sounder is to connect centers, consistent with regional plans. The Sounder south line serves both Pierce and King Counties and a total of 10 centers. • Regional Growth Centers served by Sounder: Auburn, Kent, Lakewood, Puyallup Downtown, Seattle CBD, Tacoma Downtown and Tukwila. Sounder Connector services also connect to Puyallup South Hill Center, ensuring customers are able to access Sounder commuter rail from nearby P&R lots as parking at the Sounder stations is often full by the early morning hours. • Manufacturing and Industrial Centers served by Sounder: Kent, North Tukwila, Port of Tacoma and Sumner-Pacific. The project expands the person and goods carrying capacity of routes leading towards the centers by increasing the capacity of the Sounder trains. The seating capacity of each new passenger car is 133. With 3 additional cars, overall Sounder passenger capacity is increased by a potential 798 seats per day (3 cars x 133 seats x assume the cars are used 2 trips per day = 798 new seats/additional capacity). This additional capacity is needed for future growth. Sounder ridership is expected to grow from the 3.4 million (in 2014) to 8-11 million by 2040.

Criteria: Benefit to Center

1. Describe how the project will benefit or support the existing and planned housing and employment development of a center or centers. Does it support multiple centers? This project helps Regional Growth Centers and Manufacturing Industrial Centers meet their development goals. • PSRC’s VISION 2040 includes Seattle and Tacoma as “Metropolitan Cities” which are intended to accommodate 32% of regional population growth and 42% of regional employment growth by the year 2040. • “Core Cities” such as Auburn, Kent, Lakewood, Puyallup and Tukwila are intended to accommodate 22% of the region’s population growth and 29% of its employment growth by the year 2040. The Sounder south line serves all of these cities and will help provide access. The Project Benefits Housing and Employment Development Goals in Multiple Centers This project improves capacity in a regional transit corridor serving populations totaling 65,927 (31,954 households) and 295,542 jobs in the 10 regionally designated centers directly served by Sounder south commuter rail (See Table 3 in the Appendix for centers information for the centers served by the Sounder south line). This project benefits housing and employment development in regional growth centers by providing efficient and reliable transit service with connections to areas of dense mixed-use development and employment. REGIONAL GOALS. The project supports VISION 2040’s housing policies, including assisting with Jobs-Housing Balance and encouraging infill, redevelopment, and more compact development in designated centers and around transit stations. • Jobs-Housing Balance. Better mobility and efficiency can also improve jobs-housing balance. For example, convenient and efficient travel to major job centers, especially because of easy accessibility to high-capacity transit, can also serve some of the objectives of balancing jobs and housing. Facilitating travel by transit also serves to reduce vehicle miles traveled — which benefits air quality and the climate — and offers mobility options for residents who do not drive or have access to vehicles. • Focusing Housing into the Urban Area. Within the central Puget Sound region emphasis is placed on directing housing and jobs into centers — that is, places designated for higher densities and a mix of land uses. Communities all across the region are realizing these aims by encouraging infill, redevelopment, and more compact development, including in designated centers and around transit stations. VISION 2040 Housing Policies • MPP-H-6: Recognize and give regional funding priority to transportation facilities, infrastructure, and services that explicitly advance the development of housing in designated regional growth centers. Give additional priority to projects and services that advance regional growth centers. Give additional priority to projects and services that advance affordable housing. (Source: PSRC, VISION 2040 Housing). http://www.psrc.org/assets/1743/Housing.pdf COUNTYWIDE HOUSING GOALS: King Countywide Planning Policies aim for 20% of new housing units to be affordable to households earning below 50% of the County median income. Another 17% of new units is to be affordable to households earning between 50%- 80% of the King County median income. The cost of living in South King and Pierce counties is about 17%-19% lower than the cost of living in Seattle. For example, a person would need to earn approximately $40,691-$41,700 in Puyallup, Auburn or Kent compared to $50,000 in Seattle to maintain the same standard of living. With access to Sounder, people can live in south King and Pierce counties and have access to fast, reliable regional transit. Housing costs are lower in Pierce County vs King County. The median price for a home in Pierce County is $280,000, a bargain compared to the median home price in King County, which is $560,000. With Sounder, a person could live in Pierce County or South King County and have more affordable housing, but still have fast and reliability access to the jobs in Seattle / King County. Unemployment in Pierce County is 6.2%, much higher than regional (3.7%) and state (5.1%) levels. Sounder provides access to living-wage jobs, which can help families living in poverty improve their circumstances. City of Tacoma Housing and Development Goals – According to the PSRC, Tacoma Downtown has 7,990 total housing units, with a density of 5.6 housing units per gross acre. Over the past 10 years, housing has grown by an impressive 1,600 units (25% increase). The average Tacoma renter income is only $12.35 per hour, making access to affordable housing very important. Based on Census Block Group data, Downtown Tacoma has a significant share of multifamily housing units (65%). In terms of unit affordability, Downtown Tacoma’s owner- occupied housing tends to be significantly less expensive than the region as a whole (based on Census Block Group data). The center's share of units under $300,000 is 66%, whereas the region's share is 38%. (PSRC) The City of Tacoma is required by the Washington State Growth Management Act to plan for 60,000 new jobs and 70,000 additional people in Tacoma by 2030, with a focus on accommodating growth in the Regional Growth Centers. In 2014, the Tacoma Planning Commission adopted amendments to the Comprehensive Plan and Land Use Regulatory Code to implement affordable housing incentive, bonus, and inclusionary strategies recommended by the Affordable Housing Policy Advisory Group. Changes adopted into the Comprehensive Plan Housing Element and Tacoma Municipal Code include strengthening incentives for future affordable housing: • Require voluntary residential upzones to include 10% affordable housing • Review existing affordable housing incentives • Create new development bonuses/incentives • Create financial incentives including expedited permits and fee waivers • Create and Affordable Housing Incentives code section • Approaches to remove barriers to affordable housing types o Establish "mini-flats" as a new land use Downtown and in Mixed-Use Districts o Update design and development requirements for Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) The Tacoma Business Improvement Area (BIA) recognizes the value that transit brings to the city. Tacoma Link remains fare free for riders because the BIA pays Sound Transit to cover net revenue from fares the agency would have collected. Economic Development - The City of Tacoma has developed a 5-year plan with goals for housing, public infrastructure, facilities, economic development, social services and public safety. Revitalization will be spurred through special tax incentives offered to businesses locating in or expanding to a CEZ, thereby stimulating the area economy. Businesses located outside the CEZ can qualify for incentives by hiring disadvantaged CEZ residents. Three tax incentives were made available to qualifying businesses: • City B&O New Job Tax Credit up to $1,250 for new employee in CEZ. • State B&O New Job Tax Credit of $2,000-$4,000 for eligible new employees in CEZ. • State B&O New Job Tax Credit for International Services positions up to $15,000 in CEZ. Updated transit-supportive zoning was adopted by Tacoma City Council in 2014. Improvements include: • Zoning incentives for increased development in station areas, including height bonuses • Zoning designations next to the alignment support mixed-use development • Zoning ordinances providing reduced parking requirements for development near transit stations

Puyallup Housing and Development Goals Updated November 10, 2015, Puyallup’s comprehensive plan includes a complete subarea plan for the Puyallup Downtown regional growth center. A goal of the plan is a transportation network that accommodates multiple travel modes, and supports continuing and enhanced transit service. • Policy T-1.1 promotes a broad range of actions that advance coordination among multiple agencies in planning for and implementing transportation projects, especially transit. • Policy H-4.1 promotes quality high‐density housing development in the Downtown Regional Growth Centers where transit, employment and other services are present. Growth Centers where transit, employment and other services are present. • The city addresses housing affordability and special needs populations in two policies (H- 5.2 and H-6.2) encouraging the fair distribution of affordable and special needs housing throughout the City, recognizing that some clustering may be appropriate if in proximity to public transportation, medical facilities, or other essential services Source:http://www.cityofpuyallup.org/services/development-services/planning-services- 1/comprehensive-plan-1/ According to The Sounder Station Access Study, population within ½ mile of the Puyallup Station is anticipated to grow by nearly 30% by 2030, while employment is projected to increase by about 35%. A new pedestrian bridge over the rail tracks, along with improved feeder bus service and parking demand management measures, would support the projected population and employment growth within ½-mile of Puyallup Station. Planned improvements could result in a 50% daily ridership increase. Sumner Housing and Development Goals The City of Sumner has over 9,400 residents and nearly 9,000 jobs as of 2010. Population and employment growth in downtown Sumner is forecast to drive significant ridership growth at Sumner Station. The population within ½ mile of the station is anticipated to grow by 50% by 2030, while employment is projected to increase by nearly 40%.Sumner’s comprehensive plan states that the community should be designed so that housing, jobs, daily needs, and other activities are within easy walking distance of each other and to promote the movement of people and goods to lessen the reliance on the automobile. It goes on to further state that providing an efficient and safe multimodal transportation system improves the mobility for residents, employees, and visitors of Sumner while maintaining quality of life and economic vitality of the City. Auburn Housing and Development Goals • Updated December 14, 2015, Auburn’s comprehensive plan advances a sustainable approach to growth and future development that seeks to create a community that has a healthy environment; a strong and diverse economy; a variety of transportation options; and safe, affordable and healthy housing. • Policy ED-12 supports continued development of the Sound Transit Commuter Rail system, as an important means of expanding the city’s and the region’s economic base. (Source: http://www.auburnwa.gov/doing_business/community_development/planning/comp_plan.htm ) City of Lakewood Housing and Development Goals • Lakewood Transit-Oriented Commercial Zoning. Lakewood’s Transit-Oriented Commercial (TOC) zoning district is specific to the Lakewood station district and reflects the commercial corridor within that area. The intent of the zone is to create “an interactive mixture of uses which focus on regional transportation networks while providing for urban design, people orientation, and connectivity between uses and transportation routes” (LMC 18A.30.510). • In addition to commercial uses, multifamily housing is also allowed within the zone at a density of 54 dwelling units per acre, as either a large, stand-alone development or combined with ground-floor commercial uses. The area north of the tracks and south of St. Clare Hospital is zoned Multifamily 3, which also provides for density of up to 54 dwelling units per acre. City of Kent’s Housing and Development Goals • Policy H-2.1: Provide adequate sites and zoning to encourage and facilitate a range of housing to address the regional fair share allocation. • Policy H-2.3: Facilitate and encourage the development of affordable housing for seniors, large families and other identified special housing needs. • Goal T-5. Work with regional transit providers to provide frequent, coordinated and comprehensive public transit services and facilities in all residential and employment areas in the Kent Planning Area. (Public transit services and facilities include train service, bus service, vanpool services, vanshare services, Dial-A-Ride, Access, park-and-ride lots, car-sharing services, as well as marketing/promotional activities for all the above). • Policy T-5.1: Emphasize transit investments that provide mobility and access within the community and make it possible for citizens to access local services and support local businesses while reducing auto-dependent travel. • Policy T-5.4: Foster transit-oriented development opportunities and leverage public and private funds to achieve other City objectives related to economic development and housing. City of Tukwila Housing and Development Goals GOAL 3.1 The City of Tukwila provides the City’s fair share of regional housing • 3.1.1 Provide sufficient zoned housing potential to accommodate future single- and multi- family households to meet the regional growth target of 4,800 new housing units by 2031. • 3.2.2 Encourage a full range of housing opportunities for all population segments, including very low-income households earning less than 30% AMI, through actions including, but not limited to, revising the Tukwila’s zoning map and development codes as appropriate, which would enable a wide variety of housing types to be built. • Implementation Strategy: Promote mixed-use developments with ground-level commercial space and residences, at and above the street level in specified areas. GOAL 10.1 Land Use Southcenter – Tukwila’s Urban Center • 10.1.1 Southcenter Character. Recognize Southcenter as a regional commercial/industrial • 10.1.1 Southcenter Character. Recognize Southcenter as a regional commercial/industrial area, with opportunities for high-quality, mixed-use transit-oriented development including housing, served by a balance of auto, pedestrian, bicycle and transit facilities. • 10.1.4 Tukwila Urban Center (Southcenter) Residential Uses. Residential development is encouraged in proximity to water amenities or within walking distance of the Sounder commuter rail/Amtrak station or the bus transit center, subject to design standards and incentives. • Implementation Strategies: Coordinate transit service and station improvements with transit providers. Use access to transit facilities and amenities to stimulate surrounding residential and mixed-use development. Goal 13.4 Transit • 13.4.3 Recommend and pursue a regional multi-modal center in conjunction with the Tukwila Commuter Rail/Amtrak Station and secondary pedestrian/bicycle/transit hubs elsewhere in the City. Source: Tukwila Comp Plan http://www.tukwilawa.gov/wp- content/uploads/DCD-Comprehensive-Plan.pdf Seattle’s Housing and Development Goals The city of Seattle's Comprehensive Plan "Toward a Sustainable Seattle” uses an “Urban Village” strategy to preserve the qualities of the city’s distinct neighborhoods. Seattle’s “Center City Strategy” proposes zoning changes aimed at increasing the rate and density of housing development, increasing the commercial floor area, and requiring contributions to affordable housing development in downtown Seattle. Seattle’s comprehensive plan includes goals and priorities that support development of centers and “clean” transportation options connecting to its center including some of the following examples: • UV2 Promote conditions that support healthy neighborhoods throughout the city, including those conducive to helping mixed-use urban village communities thrive, such as focused transportation demand management strategies, vital business districts, a range of housing choices, a range of park and open space facilities, and investment and reinvestment in neighborhoods. • UV2.5 In areas surrounding major transit hubs, except in industrial zones, allow densities sufficient to take advantage of significant investment in public transportation infrastructure. Use incentive zoning programs and other strategies to help ensure the provision of affordable housing.

Supports Multiple Centers Sounder directly serves and connects 10 designated regional growth centers and/or manufacturing centers. Sounder provides access to major employers within these centers including: city and county government offices, Amazon, Nordstrom and Starbucks in Seattle, Boeing in Tukwila and Kent, Multicare Health System, Mary Bridge Hospital and UW Campus in Tacoma, Pierce College in Puyallup South Hill and Joint-Base Lewis McChord Military Base in Lakewood. Promoting Walkability and Maximizing Public Health Benefits Transit plays a vital and growing role in the quality of life and health of people living in cities. Walking or riding a bike to and from transit helps people attain the recommended level of daily physical activity. Studies have shown that active commuting was associated with an overall 11% reduction in cardiovascular risk. Transit investments can create indirect health benefits associated with increased physical activity. The health care cost savings attributed to those who regularly get more exercise (such as walking 30 minutes per day to/from transit) compared with those who don’t exercise have been quantified in a half dozen studies which have been consolidated in a report published by the Transportation Research Board. From a range of $19 to $1,175 in annual health benefits from walking an additional 30 minutes per day, a median value of $128 per year was determined to be a reasonable assumption for the purposes of monetizing the health benefits. Supports the Economy, Jobs and the Regional Economic Strategy This project is supported by the Puget Sound Region’s Regional Economic Strategy. The 2016 PSRC Economic Development Priorities includes “Build-out of Sound Transit’s regional high-capacity transit system.” The Regional Economic Strategy Tracking Report (11/16/2015) includes “Support the build‐out of Sound Transit's high capacity transit system (2015 Action Item #13)” This project is consistent with the goals of the “Challenge Seattle” initiative. Challenge Seattle is made up of several of the region’s businesses including Microsoft, Boeing, Amazon, Chateau St Michelle, JP Morgan Chase, Alaska Airlines, Starbucks, REI, Nordstrom, Expedia, Madrona Venture Partners, Weyerhaeuser, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PATH, Costco, Zillow and Puget Sound Energy. The group is led by former Governor Christine Gregoire. The commuter rail system supports the Challenge Seattle vision and its collaborative strategy to make “I-5 for the 21st Century” by developing multi-modal options for commuters. Performance measures for Challenge Seattle include: 1) Reliability: average travel time and variability on key commuting routes; 2) Safety: number of fatalities and serious accidents 3) Equity: proportion of income of residents/families spending on their transportation needs; 4) Environmental: CO2 reductions based on vehicles; 5) Business: percent of SOV by employees of major employers. The capacity increase from the additional Sounder vehicles benefits all five of the Challenge Seattle performance measures. More Equitable Access to Jobs This project decreases costs and improves access for people with transportation disadvantages through reliable and timely access to employment centers, education and disadvantages through reliable and timely access to employment centers, education and training opportunities, and other basic needs of workers. Sounder serves areas very low on the “Opportunity Index.” Additional Sounder capacity is expected to improve opportunity to jobs and services, improving safety, providing additional modes and reducing emissions of air pollutants. This project connects low opportunity communities to educational resources, career training resources, and healthy sources of food and living-wage jobs (Source: PSRC, Growing Transit Communities, “Equity, Opportunity, And Sustainability in the Central Puget Sound Region”). According to the Puget Sound Prosperity Partnership, business leaders found transportation and congestion to be one of the top constraints to doing business in the Puget Sound region. This project contributes to the region’s economic health and Regional Economic Strategy by: • Supporting access to employment opportunities through regional commuter rail service • Helping to reduce congestion on key corridors. • Promoting high quality of life by reducing emissions, improving air quality and providing health benefits. • Supporting travel options for commuters, reducing national dependence on oil, and fosters livable urban and rural communities. This project further supports the Regional Economic Strategy because it strengthens the “Transportation Initiative by building an effective transportation system to support a world- class region” because Sounder connects with the regional multimodal transportation system, supports the region’s growth strategy, and provides an infrastructure that supports and enhances travel to and from major centers. This project directly benefits several "clusters" in the Economic Strategy, including the Environmental and Alternative Energy Cluster and the Logistics and International Trade Cluster because it supports mobility for employees commuting to and from work. The project also benefits residents with improved air quality and environmental health due to lower emissions of the Tier 3 or Tier 4 engine upgrades. Additionally this project would also support the Tourism and Visitor Cluster. Sounder has provided special event service for many years to select Seahawks, Sounders FC, and Mariners games in downtown Seattle, in addition to special event service to select weekends of the Washington State Fair in Puyallup. Sounder commuter rail can provide significant capacity to handle crowds for special events. For example, Sounder commuter rail carried somewhere around 20,000 passengers into downtown Seattle during the morning of the Seahawks Super Bowl parade, and a similar number of return trips in the afternoon. In 2015, nearly 112,000 riders used special event Sounder service, significantly improving accessibility for special event or game-day crowds. 2015 Sound Transit Fare Revenue from Sounder Special Event service was $459,185. An example of transit supporting special events, is the 2018 Special Olympics. The Special Olympics USA Games will be held in Seattle July 1-6, 2018. Nearly 3,500 athletes will compete in 14 sports, with the support of 1,000 coaches, and tens of thousands of volunteers and spectators. The economic impact of the 2018 USA Games is projected at $76,440,609. Sound Transit and King County Metro are working together to provide transit service during the games as well as reduced cost transit passes. 2. Describe how the project will support the development or redevelopment plans and activities (objectives and aims) of a center or centers. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) To support TOD and affordable housing around station areas, Sound Transit has a TOD Strategic Plan, TOD policy (Resolution R2012-24), Surplus Real Property Disposition Policy (Board Resolution 99-35) and TOD Program. The Sound Transit TOD program provides technical assistance, including joint development, TOD feasibility studies and station/facility profiles that describe existing conditions within a quarter-mile radius, facility enhancements, strategic acquisitions and Broker/Catalyst/Partnerships. A variety of TOD and development opportunities exist in the vicinity of Sounder stations. Examples include: Tukwila Station Development TOD - “Tukwila Station” TOD site located in the Tukwila Urban Center is adjacent to the new Sounder train station and close to the Southcenter Shopping Mall. The design includes over 8,000 sq. ft. of retail, two recreation centers, 50,000 sf of common area deck over a parking garage, and over 320 multi-family units. Rutledge Maul Architects worked closely with the City of Tukwila to work through a public design review process before the Planning Commission. Source: http://www.rutledgemaul.com/projects/mixeduse_multifamily/tukwilla-station-t-o-d/ ) The area around the Tukwila Sounder Station is zoned Transit Oriented Development (TOD) district and has been in discussions for a potential hockey arena. However, in late 2016, the 62-acre property was sold to Prologis, a San Francisco-based real-estate firm. Prologis said in a statement that the site has potential for redevelopment “in the near future.” Sources: http://www.tukwilareporter.com/business/prologis-purchases-property-previously- considered-for-arena/ ; http://www.seattletimes.com/business/real-estate/site-next-to- boeing-field-once-floated-for-nhl-arena-sells-for-136-million/ King Street Station TOD - “Stadium Place” is a mixed use, diversified income project on what has been commonly referred to as the “North Lot”. The land is located adjacent to King Street Station. Immediately north of CenturyLink Field, the location will provide a mixture of rental housing for all levels of income. The development includes: features three residential towers with 740 units, plus 180,000 SF of office, a 300 room hotel and conference center, retail and parking components. It includes 30 units of affordable housing located on-site. An additional 85 units of affordable housing connected with the project will be located at the Hirabayashi Place at Fourth and Main. Tacoma Dome Station – In February 2017, the City of Tacoma issued a Request for Interest seeking a developer for a high-density housing and commercial project at 415 E. 25th St. The city and Pierce Transit envision 100-unit apartment building with commercial uses on the ground floor. The property — where a maintenance shed now stands — is adjacent to the Tacoma Dome Station and across the street from Freighthouse Square. The housing could be market rate or “mixed-income not to exceed 20 percent affordable units.” Source: Tacoma News Tribune “New effort underway to build ‘transit-oriented development’ in Tacoma’s Dome District”). Others sites proposed for TOD development include: E. 25th & E. D St. TOD Site near Tacoma Dome Sounder station - 23,100 square feet of land suitable for an employment center mixed use TOD. This site is located immediately west of the stations for Pierce and Sound Transit and the future Amtrak Cascades station (opening 2017). More than 5,500 daily trips embark from these stations. The site is served on the north by Link light rail and on the south by Sounder and Amtrak and on the east by Pierce Transit and Sound Transit bus services. (Size: 23,100 SF; Zoning: DMU; Targeted Land Use: Employment Center TOD; Max building height: 100ft). E. 25th & E. G St. TOD Site near Tacoma Dome Sounder station - Residential and/or mixed use site within bus and rail TOD district. Adjacent to Tacoma Dome Station. (Size: 1.9 acres; Zoning: M1; Targeted Land Use: Mixed Use; Maximum Building Height: 75 ft). Rail Stations Increase Property Values Several organizations have estimated a statistically significant positive association between proximity to rail stations and property values, i.e., development located closer to transit stations is likely to have higher property values than development located farther from stations (Source: ST2 and ST3 Benefit Cost Analysis documentation). 3. Describe how the project improves safe and convenient access to major destinations within the center, including enhanced opportunities for active transportation that can provide public health benefits through the following relevant areas: walkability, public transit access, public transit speed and reliability, safety & security, bicycle mobility and facilities, streetscape improvements, etc. Sounder is a Safe Mode of Travel Trains are safer for passengers as compared to cars or buses. The commuter rail industry has a strong safety record. Nationwide, roadway deaths accounted for nearly 94 percent of all transportation deaths in 2013. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), in its Safety Report from 2005, showed that of the 45,650 transportation fatalities that occurred in the United States in 2005 and only 81 (or 0.18 percent) were attributed to commuter rail. Of all U.S. surface-based transportation modes, only rail rapid transit has fewer fatalities and serious injuries per million passengers carried. Over the last decade, the number of passengers transported by commuter railroads has increased by almost 50 percent. Yet over the same period of time, the rate of safety accidents/incidents per million total train miles and the rate of injuries per million passengers transported have each fallen by almost 50 percent (Source: FTA Commuter Rail Safety Study, 2006). Even with ridership steadily increasing year after year, Sounder has not experienced a preventable accident since service began. Sound Transit includes safety-related performance measures in the agency’s annual budget and ridership reports. Through the past 3 years (2014, 2014 and 2016), Sounder Commuter Rail had zero (0) preventable accidents per 100k platform miles. Sound Transit has an FTA-approved Safety System Management Plan. Positive Train Control The new Sounder locomotive in this request will include Positive Train Control (PTC). PTC is a processor-based/communication-based train control system designed to prevent train accidents. PTC technology is capable of automatically controlling train speeds and movements should a train operator fail to take appropriate action for the conditions at hand. For example, PTC can enforce a train to a stop before it passes a signal displaying a stop indication, or before diverging on a switch improperly lined, thereby averting a potential collision. PTC systems prevent: train-to-train collisions; overspeed derailments; incursion into an established work zone; and movement through a main line switch in the improper position. The Sound Transit PTC system (coordinated with BNSF and Tacoma Rail) will be operational in the third quarter of 2017. Sounder vehicles also use Crash Energy Management systems, which absorb energy in the event of a collision to protect passengers. Safety Education in Schools– Sound Transit has its own safety education outreach program and staffing. This program is very proactive and provides several key resources for staying safe around trains and Sound Transit service. Sound Transit safety staff do regular safety safe around trains and Sound Transit service. Sound Transit safety staff do regular safety education presentations for schools, community centers and youth programs. After the safety education, complimentary and discounted tickets/passes are provided. • In 2016, Sound Transit completed over 20 educational outreach programs to elementary, middle school, high school and YMCAs along the Sounder corridor. • After the educational programs were completed, Sound Transit provided 4,035 complimentary tickets/passes, worth $68,150 for students to attend museums and other cultural events through their schools/community centers. Sound Transit also participates in “Operation Lifesaver.” Operation Lifesaver promotes education, enforcement and engineering to keep people safe around the tracks and railway crossings. Sounder Stations and parking facilities have numerous safety features including lighting, a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) system, passenger assistance intercoms for emergency situations, illuminated variable message signage, tactile warning at platform edge, fire/emergency management console, and a public address system. Sounder Stations are patrolled by Sound Transit security and transit police. Sound Transit has 112 Security Officers (excluding dispatch, account and fare enforcement staff) and 52 Transit Policy Officers monitoring light rail and Sounder stations. Every Sounder station is staffed by Sounder Station Agents, who are available to assist passengers and who provide platform safety announcements including diverting passengers to the other side of a platform when a train has to switch tracks. 4. Describe how the project provides a range of travel modes to users traveling to centers, or if it provides a missing mode. The Sounder south line connects 10 centers with approximately 65,927 people (31,954 households) and over 295,542 jobs. Sounder also supports locally and regionally adopted development plans and zoning regulations; improving access to parking, transit and active transportation for businesses and residences; and minimizing traffic congestion and adverse environmental impacts on neighborhoods. The project benefits a range of travel modes: • Commuter Rail users will benefit by: • Reduced travel times by an average of 22 minutes per trip (44 minutes per day) as compared to driving. • Additional capacity of the passenger cars as well as the additional Sounder service (26 train trips per day / 13 round trips). • Peak period headways approximately every 20 minutes. • A span of commuter rail service is from 4:41a.m. to 6:20 p.m. • Bicyclists will benefit from the additional 12 bike spaces (4 bike spaces per car x 3 additional cars) and bike amenities at Sounder Stations including bike lockers and bike parking. Bicyclists are welcome on Sounder trains. During the last one-day bike census in January 2015, surveyors noticed 221 bicyclists accessing Sounder. • Local and express bus riders - bus riders will benefit from the regional and local bus connections at the Sounder station areas. Each Sounder station has bus transit centers/transfer areas. A growing percentage of Sounder users access the stations by Sounder Connections or other bus service. • Pedestrians will benefit from the emissions and air pollution reductions and pedestrian connections to the stations and plaza areas at each station. • Mobility on Demand for First/Last Mile Access to Transit – Sound Transit has partnered with the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) on a Mobility on Demand pilot project to improve station access. Offering two diverse regions and geographies as test beds, Los Angeles County and Sound Transit have partnered with the on-demand transportation network company (TNC) Lyft to explore the viability and benefit of using Lyft services to provide first/last mile access to regional transit stations. Other partners include University of Southern California (USC) and University of Washington (UW). Puyallup Station will be one of the pilot program stations for the MOD Sandbox demonstration (a partnership with Pierce Transit, Sound Transit, and Pierce County College). Interagency and Intermodal Coordination For Sounder commuter rail, integration with partner agency bus services at each of the Sounder stations, on both the south and north lines, is critical. As Sounder service is expanded, coordination will be necessary to ensure customers are able to have a smooth experience transferring to and from Sounder to the connecting systems. Schedules for bus and ferry connections are coordinated with the Sounder schedule to ensure timely transfers. Sounder Connector Services Two ST Express routes provide connections to the Sounder south line. ST Express Route 580, implemented in September 2015, connects Lakewood Station and Puyallup Station providing connections to Sounder trains beginning or ending at Tacoma Dome Station. The route also provides service between the South Hill Park-and-Ride and the Puyallup Fairgrounds Red Lot. ST Express Route 596 began service in June 2012. Sound Transit added trips to both routes to meet the new midday trains added to Sounder. The ST Express routes that provide connections from remote park-and-ride lots to Sounder in Puyallup and Sumner connect approximately 475 to 500 passengers to the trains each morning. In 2015, ridership averaged 446 boardings per weekday on ST Express Route 580. Most passengers travel between South Hill Park-and-Ride lot, Red Lot, and Puyallup Station. Route passengers travel between South Hill Park-and-Ride lot, Red Lot, and Puyallup Station. Route 596 ridership averaged 460 boardings per weekday, which is up 28% from 2013. Route 596 averages approximately 30 passengers per trip. The connector services are an important part of the system, ensuring customers are able to access Sounder commuter rail from nearby P&R lots as parking at the Sounder stations is often full by the early morning hours. In September 2016, with the implementation of the Sounder south line midday round trip, additional trips were added to the Sounder connector routes, Route 580 and Route 596, in addition to trips being added to Route 567. In September 2017, two additional peak period Sounder south line round trips will be added. Sound Transit will implement additional trips on routes designated as Sounder connector service to meet the new Sounder south line trains. 5. Describe the user groups that will benefit from the project, including commuters, residents, commercial users, those groups identified in the President’s Order for Environmental Justice, seniors, people with disabilities, those located in highly impacted communities, and/or areas experiencing high levels of unemployment or chronic underemployment. Access to Higher Employment The Sounder vehicles will help provide additional capacity to areas of higher unemployment. The Sounder south line provides service from Pierce County to/from King County. Unemployment in Pierce County is 6.2%, much higher than Seattle (3.7%) and state (5.1%) levels. Sounder provides access to living-wage jobs, which can help families living in poverty improve their circumstances. People living in Pierce County and South King County can have access to jobs in Seattle by using Sounder. Saving Money on Transportation Costs According to the FHWA’s Livability Initiative (2015), transportation is the second largest expense for most households after housing. Households living in the Seattle area spend 31% of its income on transportation costs. Connecting communities with job centers allow residents to use less energy and spend less money on transportation. Public transportation plays a key role in greatly reducing transportation costs and improving access to job opportunities. By using public transportation, people in this region can save up to $11,661 annually or $972 per month (5th highest in the nation). With light rail, households don’t need to drive as much or pay for parking. The light rail system is a tool for affordability and quality of life. (Source: APTA Transit Savings Report) Sound Transit also provides a fare discount to all riders who pay with special low-income “ORCA LIFT” cards. (ORCA LIFT fares on Sounder are $2.50 to 4.25 based on distance.) The eligibility threshold for a person to qualify for the low-income fare is 200% of the Federal Poverty Level, currently $23,760 for an individual. Outreach - Customers and members of the public are encouraged to comment on the draft Sound Transit Service Implementation Plan (SIP) through email, letter, via telephone, or in- person at a public meeting. For the 2017 SIP, an open house was held on 12/1/2016 at Sound Transit’s Union Station. Additional opportunities for public comment are scheduled for the 12/1/2016 Operations & Administration Committee meeting and the Board meeting on 12/15/2016. Benefits for a Variety of User Groups Commuters • Sounder can reduce travel times by an average of 44 minutes per day as compared to driving. For some stations in Pierce County, the travel time benefit is up to 90 minutes per day. • This project provides additional capacity of the passenger cars and Sound Transit will provide additional Sounder service (26 train trips per day / 13 round trips). • Sounder headways will be approximately every 20 minutes in peak period. Residents – The majority of Sounder riders live within close proximity of Sounder stations. Residents will benefit from the increased capacity of Sounder trains, air pollution reductions and from the additional Sounder service. Over 60,000 residents live in the regional centers that Sounder south line serves. Bicyclists and Pedestrians - Bicyclists will benefit from the additional 12 bike spaces (4 bike spaces per car x 3 additional cars). During the last one-day bike census in January 2015, surveyors noticed 221 bicyclists accessing Sounder. Commercial Users- I-5 is a T-1 truck freight economic corridor, a Strategic Freight Corridor and a Highway of State Significance. I-5 carries averages 14,000 trucks each day (7.5% of the ADT is trucks). The capacity increase provided by the additional Sounder vehicles will remove an estimated 207,480 SOV trips and 9,658,194 VMT daily from the congested I-5. By removing some autos from I-5 and SR 167, trucks will have less congestion. Minority Populations – Of the 8 Sounder south stations, 5 station areas have minority populations greater than the regional average of 31%. Four station areas have minority populations greater than 50%. Many minority households are also low-income and lack access to an automobile and/or do not have convenient access to transit. Populations in Poverty – Of the 8 Sounder south stations, 7 stations have populations in poverty higher than the region-wide rate of 11%. In the Kent Station area, 28% of the population around the station area is living in poverty. Low-income populations face a higher burden when making transportation choices because they often pay a higher percentage of their monthly income on transportation costs. In addition to the access benefits of this project, Sound Transit provides a fare discount to all riders who pay with special low-income ORCA LIFT cards. With the ORCA LIFT card, income- qualified riders can save up to 50 percent or more on Sounder commuter rail fares. ($2.50 to $4.25, based on distance). The eligibility threshold for a person to qualify for the low-income fare is 200% of the Federal Poverty Level, currently $23,540 for an individual. Sound Transit’s Human Service Ticket Program (with King County Metro) provides subsidized transit tickets to eligible human services agencies. Agencies give tickets to persons who are homeless and/or have low-to-moderate incomes. Tickets are used to help this population access shelters, health care, employment, and related services critical to personal and residential stability. In 2015, Sound Transit provided over $19,000 worth of discounted or free ride tickets for Human Services agencies. Elderly Populations - Elderly populations in census tracts surrounding the Sounder south stations range from 7% in Tukwila to 18% in Puyallup. This project provides an attractive and reliable travel option that can be safely and easily accessed by walking or taking a short bus ride. Sounder trains are also wheelchair accessible and designated seating for senior is available. On Sounder train platforms, the conductor or station agency can deploy a boarding ramp to help riders get onto the train safely. Seniors (65 and older) also ride at a reduced rate using a Regional Reduced Fare Permit or the ORCA LIFT card. Disabled Populations - Out of the 8 Sounder station areas on the south line, all 8 have disabled populations similar to or higher than the region-wide percentage of 11%. Public transportation provides a vital link to more than 51 million Americans with disabilities. All Sound Transit services and facilities are fully accessible. More specifically, on Sounder train platforms, the conductor deploys a boarding ramp to help riders get onto the train safely. Sounder trains are wheelchair accessible and designated seating is also available. People with disabilities also ride at a reduced rate using a Regional Reduced Fare Permit or the ORCA LIFT card. Each station uses innovative communication tools, including art and pathways that can guide riders by sight, feel, touch or voice. Sound Transit makes every effort, to the maximum extent feasible, to ensure that a person with a disability has access to, and benefits from, its services. Sound Transit will make reasonable modifications to its policies, programs, and procedures applicable to its transportation services when necessary to avoid discrimination and ensure accessibility for people with disabilities. Highly Impacted Communities - Of the 8 Sounder south line stations, 4 Sounder stations are located in areas in the top 10% of highly impacted communities, geographic locations characterized by degraded air quality. The Sounder service, cleaner locomotive and additional transit capacity can help improve health conditions for residents in these communities by reducing air pollutant emissions, including diesel, through the reduction of over 9.6 million VMT annually. The new Sounder Tier 3 or 4 locomotive proposed in this request will reduce diesel particulate matter by 60%, oxides of nitrogen by 26%, hydrocarbons by 55%, carbon monoxide by 70%, and carbon dioxide by 1%. The upgrade is expected to reduce fuel consumption by 1%. Access to Opportunities - Of the 8 Sounder south line station areas, 7 have Very Low or Low Opportunity. Per the APTA Transit Savings Report, people can save up to $11,661 annually by taking transit as compared to driving. By taking transit, people don’t need to drive as much or pay for parking. Information from PSRC’s Interactive Resource Map Lakewood Station • Minority – 53%+ • Poverty – 17% • Elderly – 10% • Disabled – 21% • Top 10% Highly Impacted Community • Very Low Opportunity Tacoma Dome Station • Minority – 35% • Poverty – 14% • Elderly – 11% • Disabled – 11% • Top 10% Highly Impacted Community • Very Low Opportunity Puyallup Station • Minority – 18% • Poverty – 14% • Elderly – 11% • Elderly – 11% • Disabled – 19% • Top 10% Highly Impacted Community • Low Opportunity Sumner Station • Minority – 14% • Poverty – 3% • Elderly – 17% • Disabled – 14% • Low Opportunity

Auburn Station • Minority – 29% • Poverty – 15% • Elderly – 11% • Disabled – 13% • Low Opportunity Kent Station • Minority – 54% • Poverty – 28% • Elderly – 10% • Disabled – 17% • Top 10% Highly Impacted Community • Very Low Opportunity Tukwila Station • Minority – 59% • Poverty – 14% • Elderly – 7% • Disabled – 11% • Low Opportunity Seattle / King St Station: • Minority – 55% • Poverty – 12% • Elderly – 13% • Disabled – 20% • Moderate Opportunity Sound Transit is committed to environmental justice and analyzes service changes and capital projects to ensure that affected residents, including environmental justice populations, benefit or aren’t negatively impacted. This project will benefit minority, low- income, seniors and persons with disabilities by improving air quality and improving high capacity transit access to these populations. Because many people with low incomes, disabilities and other vulnerable residents rely on transit, providing cleaner, greener regional commuter rail service with connections to jobs, services, education and healthcare significantly benefits these populations. Living or working near commuter rail can help the transit dependent reach more jobs, access affordable housing easier and help bolster disposable incomes by reducing household transportation costs. Environmental justice populations benefit from the Sounder service (26 trains per weekday and weekend special event service). Saving money on their commute is another benefit. Other User Groups Served Sports fans and event venues benefit: Sounder serves several major sports and event venues like ShoWare Center, Safeco Field, CenturyLink Field, the Tacoma Dome, Everett Event Center, Xfinity Arena and the Washington State Fair (Puyallup Fair). People can ride Sounder to Mariners, Seahawk & Sounders FC games and Sound Transit provides regular service to the Puyallup Fair among other events. Ridership on special event Sounder trains was 112,000 in 2015. Sounder trains to games can significantly improve mobility and congestion on game days. By taking Sounder to special events, people can avoid the $20 or more parking fees at event venues. 6. Describe how the project will support the establishment of new jobs/businesses or the retention of exisitng jobs/businesses including those in the industry clusters identified in the adopted Regional Economic Strategy. Sounder Connects Population and Job Centers Comprehensive plans continue to support the development of the Sound Transit commuter rail system as an important means of expanding the cities and the region’s economic base. In 2016, the central Puget Sound region gained 59,400 jobs, marking the 7th consecutive year of job growth. PSRC identified items that support the implementation of the Regional Economic Strategy. “Build- out of Sound Transit’s regional high-capacity transit system” was identified as an economic development priority. Sounder fosters longer-term economic growth, supporting the establishment of new jobs and Sounder fosters longer-term economic growth, supporting the establishment of new jobs and the retention of existing jobs at major employers in the manufacturing/industrial centers of Kent, North Tukwila and Port of Tacoma and the growth centers of Auburn, Kent, Lakewood, Puyallup Downtown, Seattle CBD, Tacoma Downtown and Tukwila including Boeing (Aerospace Cluster), REI (Tourism Cluster), Auburn Outlet Collection Mall Good Samaritan Hospital (Life Sciences and Global Health Cluster). Residents of these city centers traveling to jobs in other parts of the region benefit from improved access to reliable, fast transportation. For a list of major employers in centers served by Sounder south line, see Table 3 in Appendix. 7. Does the project promote Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) opportunities? All cities along the Sounder south line have policies that support CTR which promote reducing SOV trips and VMT during commute times. The new Sounder vehicles help promotes CTR opportunities by adding additional capacity and reliability on the Sounder south line. Sounder supports CTR by establishing a fast, efficient alternative driving, resulting in reductions in traffic congestion, air pollution, and fuel consumption. 54% of Sounder riders use an ORCA card provided by their employer. Sound Transit works with other transit agencies to provide ORCA cards and other transit passes through employers. The ORCA regional Business Account Program allows Sound Transit and regional partners to offer local employers a program that includes a range of transit benefits. These transit benefits may be completely subsidized or discounted for companies with as few as 5 employees. ORCA Business Accounts fall under one of two programs: Business Passport and Business Choice. Business Passport products are priced based on actual transit usage for an individual large company (custom account) or an aggregate of smaller employers in a geographical area (area account), while Business Choice accounts offer businesses the ability to purchase bulk retail products and manage them online. In 2016, 54% of Sounder riders paid for their ride using an ORCA Business Account Passport provided by their employer. Examples of CTR opportunities can be seen in city plans and policies. Kent CTR - As part of Kent’s Transportation Master Plan, the City of Kent updated the CTR Ordinance and the CTR Local Plan in 2008 to incorporate the state’s 2006 CTR Efficiency Act. There are approximately 35 worksites in Kent participating in the program, which provides public outreach and marketing of commute alternatives to about 15,000 employees at CTR- affected worksites. Auburn CTR - The City of Auburn contracts with King County Metro Transit to provide CTR support services for the CTR-affected employers in Auburn. Currently, there are 11 CTR- affected employers in Auburn, with a combined total of 5,500 employees. The agency assists employers in complying with state law by providing rideshare support and a host of other incentives aimed at reducing single occupancy vehicles. Sumner CTR -The City coordinates with Pierce Transit, Sound Transit, and other jurisdictions on CTR programs for three major employers in the Sumner planning area. Sumner’s human resources department implements state requirements for CTR per Sumner Municipal Code Chapter 16.06.

Tacoma CTR - Tacoma’s CTR Plan provides guidelines for the City and major employers affected by the State law to implement effective strategies to achieve the goals of 10% reduction in drive-alone trips and 13% reduction in vehicle miles traveled by 2011. In addition, downtown Tacoma is designated as a Growth and Transportation Efficiency Center (GTEC). More aggressive CTR strategies will be implemented within the GTEC.

Criteria: System Continuity/Long Term Benefit-Sustainability

1. Describe how this project provides a "logical segment" that serves a center, or allows users to access the system. The additional vehicles improve a logical segment (ie the 82+ mile Sounder regional commuter rail corridor). The Sounder south line connects multiple regional growth and manufacturing centers. The project helps to increase needed capacity on Sounder trains and allows for future growth. Currently South line Sounder trains are 7 cars long. In the future, Sounder trains will grow to 10 cars long. The 3 additional passenger cars and 1 locomotive will increase capacity and reliability, providing direct benefits to all centers and supporting local and regional development plans. Sounder also provides multimodal connections. During the last one-day bike census in 2015, there were 221 bikes put on Sounder trains. Some Sounder stations (such as Tukwila Station) have significant proportion of riders accessing the station by bicycle. All Sounder stations include nonmotorized connections to/from the stations. 2. Describe how the project fills in a missing link or removes barriers to a center (e.g. congestion, inadequate transit service/facilities.). Removal of Barriers to the Current System A barrier to accessing commuter rail is the capacity of existing trains and reliability of service. A barrier to accessing commuter rail is the capacity of existing trains and reliability of service. The project supports additional capacity and reliable commuter rail service by providing 3 additional passenger cars and one, Tier 3 or Tier 4 locomotive. Each additional passenger car has 133 seats. With 3 additional cars, 399 new seats will be provided per one-way trip. The new cars will generally be used for a round trip, so a total of 798 new seats would be available per day on the Sounder south line. The provision of the three passenger cars and one Tier 3 or Tier 4 locomotive will help remove a barrier to promoting a cleaner, more sustainable transportation system. Each passenger car also has 4 spaces for bicycles - proving bicycle space on the trains removes a barrier and improves first/last mile access to stations. Maximizing Efficiency in the Corridor This project supports a long-term strategy to maximizing the efficiency of the region’s transportation system by enhancing Sounder commuter rail service while minimizing environmental impacts. The additional Sounder vehicles would be used on the Sounder trains that travel between downtown Seattle, Tukwila, Kent, Auburn, Sumner, Puyallup, downtown Tacoma, South Tacoma and Lakewood. The additional Sounder vehicles maximize efficiency by adding vehicles to existing trains and using existing infrastructure. This project supports commuter rail service along the congested I-5 corridor connecting major cities and population and employment centers. Sounder commuter rail serves several multi-modal stations adjacent to dense mixed used areas with connections to other transportation options. High capacity transit, such as commuter rail, helps solve three of the region’s biggest transportation challenges: getting people to/from work reliably, moving more people and reducing vehicle emissions. When you have high levels of congestion, high capacity transit, is the best way, and often the only way, to increase transportation capacity along congested corridors in urban areas. Given limited space and funding, transit can move more people per mile and per dollar than new roadway expansion projects. 3. Describe how this project will relieve pressure or remove a bottleneck on the Metropolitan Transportation System and how this will positively impact overall system performance. Sounder ridership is expected to grow from the current 4.2 million riders per year to 8-11 million by 2040. Reducing this number of trips and VMT from the region’s roadway system will have substantial positive impact to the efficiency of the MTS. The additional capacity and reliability that comes from the additional Sounder vehicles will provide the following MTS systemwide performance benefits: • Interstate, state highway and arterial system: The 798 trips and 9,658,194 VMT reduced by this project will help capacity on I-5 and SR 167. • Nonmotorized system: The 3 additional cars will provide a total of 12 additional bike spaces. • High Capacity Transit system: The 3 additional cars and 1 locomotive in this request will help Sounder grow to 8-11 million riders by 2040 and provide additional reliability. • Positive Train Control, which will be included on the new Tier 3 locomotive, provides safety benefits on the MTS rail and freight rail system. Reliable Sounder Service Improves System Performance: Because it operates on a fixed guideway, commuter rail is more reliable than BRT or Express Bus. Even buses using HOV lanes can run more than 30-45 minutes behind schedule due to heavy traffic. Transit agencies have been forced to add substantial layover time and additional runs to schedules, thus increasing operating costs. Overall, existing bus service can have reliability as low as 50%. Sounder service currently has 93% on-time performance and fleet availability of 90%. With the additional vehicles and track improvements (currently under construction), Sounder on-time performance should return to 95% or better, meeting or exceeding the Sound Transit performance measure. 4. Describe how the project improves intermodal connections (e.g. between autos, ferries, commuter rail, high capacity transit, bus, carpool, bicycle, etc.), or facilities connections between separate operators of a single mode (e.g., two transit operators). Transit Integration: Sound Transit coordinates with King County Metro, Pierce Transit, Community Transit, Washington State Ferries, Seattle Streetcar and WSDOT Amtrak Cascades in developing schedules, fares, fleet and other service related items. The transit agencies also coordinate long range plans (ST3, KCM’s Metro Connects, PT’s Destination 2040, etc.). Open Transit Data: Sound Transit, in partnership with the other transit agencies in the region, also created the Open Transit Data (OTD) initiative, to create a platform of publicly accessible transit data for the Puget Sound region. Members of the initiative include Sound Transit, King County Metro, Community Transit, Pierce Transit, Everett Transit, Seattle Streetcar, Washington State Ferries, Intercity Transit, and the shuttle services operated at Seattle Children’s Hospital and Joint Base Lewis-McChord. Sound Transit and its partners launched the OTD initiative to provide a central location for application developers and agencies to access transit data. Application developers behind such products as OneBusAway, the Transit app, and the Moovit app are using this data to create tools for transit riders. Integration / connections between modes – improving the efficiency of MTS systems: • ORCA and Next Generation ORCA: 94% of Sounder riders use ORCA to pay for their rides. The ORCA system has become the primary way most transit customers pay their fare. In 2016, there were 480,000 active ORCA cards in use. ORCA processes more than 11 million transactions in a typical month. The ORCA Agency partners include: Community Transit, Everett Transit, King County Metro, Kitsap Transit, Pierce Transit, Sound Transit and Everett Transit, King County Metro, Kitsap Transit, Pierce Transit, Sound Transit and Washington State Ferries. ORCA Data Analysis partners include: WSDOT, PSRC and University of Washington. • Sounder / Bus / Park and Ride: Sounder Connector services, such as ST Express 580 and 596 provide connector service specifically to/from Sounder stations and park and ride facilities. The bus schedules are timed to meet Sounder trains. • Rail / Ferry: Sounder coordinates service with Washington State Ferries. • Intercity Rail / Commuter Rail: Sounder service is coordinated with Amtrak Cascades service. The “Amtrak RailPlus” Program. Sound Transit maintains an agreement with Amtrak to allow mutual acceptance of certain fare media on rail service. Sound Transit reimburses Amtrak for each recorded instance of a Sounder rider using a qualifying pass on Amtrak service. • The Tier 3 or Tier 4 locomotive will help systemwide air quality, by reducing PM, NOx, HCs, greenhouse gases and fuel usage. • Mobility on Demand - Sound Transit has partnered with LA Metro and Lyft to use Lyft services to provide first/last mile access to regional transit stations. Puyallup Station will be one of the pilot program stations for the MOD Sandbox demonstration (a partnership with Pierce Transit, Sound Transit, Pierce County College). • KCM and Sound Transit launched the “Transit GO” Mobile Ticketing App - allowing riders to buy and redeem transit tickets on their mobile device without needing cash to ride. Tickets can be purchased for use on KCM buses, King County Water Taxi, Seattle Streetcar and ST's Link light rail and Sounder trains. Although most Sounder commuters use ORCA to pay for their fares, the Transit GO Mobile Ticketing App provides another option for tourists and infrequent users. Some of the biggest usage has been for Transit GO mobile ticketing app is on game days – for Seahawks, UW and Sounder games. • The Regional Transit ORCA Marketing and TDM project is a partnership between the transit agencies in the central Puget Sound region and the Seattle Department of Transportation. It seeks to create and implement a regional marketing campaign to raise awareness of the value of ORCA, and to provide incentives through existing TDM programs to get ORCA cards into more peoples’ hands. This project received funding through the inaugural round of Washington State’s Transit Coordination Grant program. Integration supporting the ORCA LIFT program: King County Metro, King County Public Health, King County Water Taxi, Seattle Streetcar and Sound Transit’s Link light rail system, ST Express Bus and Sounder services all coordinate to support the ORCA LIFT program, which provides lower fares for low income riders. As of July 2016, there were over 31,000 individuals registered to use ORCA LIFT, and more than 14,000 ORCA LIFT cards were used to make nearly 569,000 ORCA LIFT boardings. Additional Information on Bus / Sounder Integration: • Lakewood Station: ST Express 578, 592, 594 and Pierce Transit and Intercity Transit serve Lakewood Station. The Station also has 600 P&R spaces, bicycle racks and lockers. • South Tacoma Station: Pierce Transit serves South Tacoma Station. The Station also includes 220 P&R spaces, bicycle racks and lockers. • Tacoma Dome Station: Amtrak Cascades, Tacoma Link, ST Express 586, 590, 594, Pierce Transit and Intercity Transit serve Tacoma Dome Station. The Station also has 2,283 P&R spaces, bicycle racks and lockers. • Puyallup Station: ST Express 578 and 4 Pierce Transit routes serve Puyallup Station. The Station also currently has 292 P&R spaces, bicycle racks and lockers. • Sumner Station: ST Express 578 and 596 and Pierce Transit serve Sumner Station. The Station also currently has 350 P&R spaces, bicycle racks and lockers. • Auburn Station: ST Express 566 and 578 and several KCM bus routes serve Auburn Station. The Station also currently has 678 P&R spaces, bicycle racks and lockers. • Kent Station: ST Express 566 and 567 and several KCM bus routes serve Kent Station. The Station also currently has 996 P&R spaces, bicycle racks and lockers. • Tukwila Station: Amtrak Cascades and several KCM bus routes serve Tukwila Station. The Station also currently has 390 P&R spaces, bicycle racks and lockers. • Seattle/King St Station: Amtrak Cascades, Link Light Rail and several ST Express, KCM and CT bus routes serve King St Station.

5. If applicable, describe how the project provides an improvement in travel time and/or reliability for transit users traveling to and/or within centers. The project can also positively impact overall system performance by offering a fast, reliable alternative to a regularly congested corridor. • As mentioned earlier, taking Sounder instead of driving or riding the bus can reduce travel times by an average of 22 minutes per trip (44 minutes per day). • Some stations (such as Lakewood Station and Puyallup Station) can have travel time benefits exceeding 90 minutes per day. • Annually, this project can save nearly 76,323 hours of travel time, worth $1,026,544 in economic benefit (assuming the value of time is $13.45 per hr). The increased capacity and reliability provided by the additional locomotive and passenger vehicles provides additional options and flexibility for operations. Sounder currently operates 93% on-time and has 90% fleet availability. The additional Sounder vehicles should help improve on-time performance to over 95% - meeting or exceeding the performance measure for Sounder reliability. 6. If applicable, describe how the project increases transit use to or within centers. Commuter rail trains have the ability to move large volumes of people – up to 1,000 people per train. One passenger car has seats for 133 passengers and this request includes 3 additional cars, adding additional 798 seats and 24 bike spaces (round trip totals) • The Sounder south line serves 10 centers, providing access to 65,927 (31,954 households) and 295,542 jobs. • Additional Sounder train trips will be added in the fall of 2017 for a total of 26 train trips each day (13 round trips). • Sounder will operate commuter rail service approximately every 20 minutes by fall of 2017. • The span of Sounder south service is currently 4:41a.m. to 6:20 p.m. • Sounder also provides Special Event service to sporting events, large concerts and the Washington State Fair (You can do it at trot, you can do it at a gallop, and you can do it by taking Sounder). http://www.soundtransit.org/About-Sound-Transit/News-and-events/News- releases/special-sounder-service-run-everett-washington 7. Describe how this project supports a long-term strategy to maximize the efficiency of the corridor? Describe the problem and how this project will remedy it. The Puget Sound region is one of the fastest growing in the United States. By the year 2040, the Puget Sound region is expected to grow by roughly 1.5 million people and support more than 1.2 million new jobs. All of these new people and new jobs are expected to boost demand for travel within and through the region by about 40%. Building a world-class transportation system that moves people and goods efficiently will allow us to travel faster and with less stress while keeping the air cleaner. This project is included in the ST2 plan and supports future expansion included in the voter-approved ST3 Plan. Currently I‐5 is congested 8 hours each weekday and expected to worsen to 11 hours by 2035. Speeds on the I-5 HOV lanes are expected to decrease 30%. Traffic congestion is so bad, even on HOV lanes, buses can be 30-45 minutes late. Sounder operates in fixed guideway, with slots of time specifically reserved for commuter rail trains. The additional vehicles in this project will help meet the projected growth in Sounder ridership. Overall, annual Sounder ridership is expected to grow from the current 4.2 million to 8-11 million by 2040. Sounder annual passenger miles are expected to be 190-255 million in 2040. Commuter rail is much more energy efficient than airplanes and motor vehicles. Because of its high passenger capacity, a passenger train carrying 10 passengers is more energy efficient on a passenger-mile basis than a SOV. Sounder trains can carry approximately 1,000 passengers per trip. The Sounder vehicles are a long-term investment. The useful life of a locomotive is 29 years. The useful life of a cab car/passenger car is 40 years. Long Term Sustainability As part of the Sound Transit Sustainability Plan, energy savings, fuel consumption and emissions reduction are quantified annually for Sounder commuter rail service. Sound Transit also establishes Sustainability Targets each year and one of the targets is to upgrade Sounder locomotive engines to higher emission standards. Sound Transit incorporates sustainability into planning and designing its regional system, to building capital projects and operating its trains and buses. Sound Transit has an adopted Environmental Policy, Resolution on Sustainability, Executive Order on Sustainability, and produces annual Sustainability Progress Reports and Sustainability Targets and was among the first wave of transit agencies to develop and implement an Environmental and Sustainability Management System (ESMS), a tool for guiding agency efforts toward sustainability. Sound Transit has earned ISO 14001 certification, an international recognition that validates the agency’s ESMS. Sound Transit’s Sustainability Plan and documents can be found at: http://www.soundtransit.org/About-Sound-Transit/Environment-and-sustainability Sustainable Long Range Financial Plan ST has a dedicated revenue stream that is available in its entirety to finance ST projects and transit operations; no revenues will be drawn from sources that are used to support other services or projects. All aspects of the project are built to meet projected long-term travel demand to/ from multiple regional centers. Sound Transit’s financial plan shows that Sound Transit has the local funding to operate Sounder service through 2060. Sounder trains operate in the rail corridor surrounding this highly sensitive area and spend a good portion of their operating hours within the Tacoma-Pierce County PM Maintenance area. A Tier 3 locomotive will reduce fine particulate matter by 60%, oxides of nitrogen by 26%, and hydrocarbons by 55% as compared to a Tier 0 engine. A Tier 4 engine would significantly reduce emissions PM and NOx to near zero levels. Diesel locomotives have a long useful life (29 years). Used locomotives can be anywhere from Tier 0 to Tier 3 standard. If Sound Transit bought a used locomotive, it would include a Tier 0 to Tier 3 standard. If Sound Transit bought a used locomotive, it would include a cleaner, Tier 3 engine instead of Tier 0. If Sound Transit bought a new locomotive, it would be Tier 4 – even cleaner. Using the PSCAA COBRA tool, the addition of 3 Sounder passenger cars with an expected reduction of 9,658,194 VMTs annually results in an estimated health benefit range of $7,800.86 to $17,582.95 annually. The estimated annual health benefits from one Tier 3 passenger engine versus a Tier 0 results in an estimated health benefit range of $369,213.80 to $832,187.07 annually. For more information view the PSCAA Cobra pollution reduction estimates for Sounder project found in Table 5 in the Appendix. Every incremental step towards improved emissions is important. When the full inventory of older non-road engines are replaced by Tier 4 engines, annual emission reductions are estimated at 738,000 tons of NOx and 129,000 tons of PM. By 2030, 12,000 premature deaths would be prevented annually due to the implementation of the proposed standards (Source: Diesel Net). In 2015 alone, Sound Transit reduced the particulate emissions that cause respiratory disease by 21% for Sounder locomotives. Wayside Power Units to Save Fuel and Reduce emissions Sounder uses Auto-engine start stop systems in all Sounder locomotives to reduce idling. Electric wayside power units are also used instead of the locomotives’ diesel Head End Power units to heat and power coach cars during layover, reducing diesel use and air pollutants. The L-Street Yard wayside power has saved Sound Transit over 61,000 gallons of fuel from 2010- 2012, while the Everett Station wayside power saved us about 33,000 gallons. In 2012, Sounder saw a four percent decrease in gallons of fuel consumed per revenue mile. This Sounder efficiency increase is due to a reduction in idling due to wayside power and idling technology that aids in fuel conservation (Source: Sound Transit Sustainability Progress Report).

Air Quality and Climate Change: Element Selection

1. Please select one or more elements in the list below that are included in the project’s scope of work, and provide the requested information in the pages to follow. Transit and Ferry Service

Air Quality and Climate Change: Transit and Ferry Service

1. What is the current transit ridership for the affected transit stops or routes? The Average Weekday ridership on Sounder South line 17,000. 2. What is the average transit trip length for the affected routes? The average trip length for the Sounder South line is 46.55 miles. 3. What is the average transit trip length of the entire system? The average trip length for the Sounder South line is 46.55 miles. 4. If the project includes a park and ride, how many new stalls are being provided? NA 5. Are there other amenities included to encourage new transit ridership? If so, please describe. Sounder stations include multiple amenities, including P&R facilities, bicycle and pedestrian amenities, shelter from weather, ticket vending machines and station agents provide assistance to passengers. The new Sounder passenger cars feature comfortable high-back cloth upholstered seats with cup holders, luggage racks, work tables, surge-protected outlets for computers and cell phones, drinking water, restrooms and areas for wheelchairs and bicycle spaces. There is free Wi-Fi internet access available on Sounder trains. All Sounder train coaches have routers, improving Wi-Fi coverage. WIFI deployment will not cost citizens or transit riders any tax dollars. Mobilitie is paying for the build-out, maintenance, and operations of the entire Distributed Antenna System (DAS) system. 6. What is the expected increase in transit ridership from the project? This project is expected to increase transit ridership by 798 per weekday or 207,480 trips annually. The increase in Sounder ridership is estimated to reduce 207,480 auto trips and 9,658,194 VMT annually. Calculations for the addition of 3 passenger cars and one locomotive (assume Tier 3): Calculations for the addition of 3 passenger cars and one locomotive (assume Tier 3): • Each additional car has 133 seats • 3 new passenger cars x 133 seats = 399 new seats per one-way trip • 399 new seats x 2 trips per day = 798 new seats per day • 798 added seats per day on Sounder south line • Average trip length on the Sounder south line is 46.55 miles • 798 added seats x 260 commute days per year = 207,480 trips reduced annually • 207,480 trips reduced x an average trip length of 46.55miles = 9,658,194 VMT reduced annually The locomotive is assumed to include a Tier 3 engine, which will reduce fine particulate matter by 60%, oxides of nitrogen by 26%, and hydrocarbons by 55% as compared to a Tier 0 engine. Sounder’s south line operates in the Tacoma-Pierce County PM Maintenance area. Sounder trains operate approximately every 20 minutes during the peak one hour of the morning and afternoon, when demand is heaviest. The span of service 4:41a.m. to 6:20 p.m. Service will increase to 26 trains (13 round trips) by Sept 2017. Sounder ridership is expected to grow to 8-11 million by 2040. • 2014 Annual Riders: 3.4 million • 2016 Annual Riders: 4.2 million • 2040 Annual Riders: 8-11 million • 2040 Annual Passenger Miles: 190-255 million Source: ST3 https://st32.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/Document%20Library%20Featured/8-22- 16/ST3_Appendix-C_2016_web.pdf The Puget Sound Clean Air Agency estimated the new Tier 3 locomotive would reduce: 17 tons of NOx, 11 tons of CO2 and 1.2 tons of PM2.5 annually. A Tier 4 locomotive would have even better air quality benefits. The Puget Sound Clean Air Agency estimated the 3 new passenger cars would reduce: 6.5 tons of CO, 0.52 tons of NOx, 2,520 tons of CO2, .018 tons of PM10 and .017 tons of PM2.5 annually. 7. If a new or expanded ferry service, what is the length of the driving route being replaced? NA 8. Please describe the source of the project data provided above (e.g., Environmental Impact Statement, EPA/DOE data, traffic study, survey, previous projects, etc.). • Data on number of seats is consistent with current Sounder passenger cars. • Current ridership data is from Sound Transit Quarterly Ridership reports • Projections of Sounder ridership (through 2040) are from ST3 documents. • Percentage of Scheduled Trips, Fleet Availability and On-Time Performance (ie Reliability measurements) are from Sound Transit Operations 2017 Monthly Modal Performance Data Sheet • Air pollution reduction estimates are from Puget Sound Clean Air Agency

PSRC Funding Request

1. What is the PSRC funding source being requested? N/A 2. Has this project received PSRC funds previously? No 3. If yes, please provide the project's PSRC TIP ID N/A

Phase Year Amount other 2019 $7,800,000.00

Total Request: $7,800,000.00

Total Estimated Project Cost and Schedule

Other

Funding Source Secured/Unsecured Amount 5307 Unsecured $7,800,000.00 Local Secured $3,300,000.00 $11,100,000.00 Expected year of completion for this phase: 2019

Summary

1. Estimated project completion date 12/2019 2. Total project cost $11,100,000.00

Funding Documentation

1. Documents N/A 2. 2. Please describe the secure or reasonably expected funds identified in the supporting documentation. For funds that are reasonably expected, an explanation of procedural steps with milestone dates for completion which will be taken to secure the funds for the project or program should also be included. Funding for the project is affordable within the Sound Transit financial plan. Local match is available to obligate the Section 5307 funding request.

From page 16 of the ST Financial Plan: "The ST2 plan approved by voters in November 2008 includes programs that will increase the capacity of the highly utilized Tacoma-Lakewood service by adding four round-trip trains daily and potentially extending train lengths up to eight cars. Additional locomotives and passenger cars will be acquired to support this capacity and service expansion." Link to Financial Plan http://www.soundtransit.org/sites/default/files/2016-Financial-Plan.pdf

Project Readiness: PE

1. Are you requesting funds for ONLY a planning study or preliminary engineering? Yes 2. Is preliminary engineering complete? No 3. What was the date of completion (month and year)? N/A 4. Have preliminary plans been submitted to WSDOT for approval? N/A 5. Are there any other PE/Design milestones associated with the project? Please identify and provide dates of completion. You may also use this space to explain any dates above. N/A 6. When are preliminary plans expected to be complete and approved by WSDOT (month and year)? N/A

Other Considerations

1. Describe any additional aspects of your project not requested in the evaluation criteria that could be relevant to the final project recommendation and decision- making process. Sound Transit has a strong commitment to sustainability and will commit to purchasing a refurbished Tier 3 or a new Tier 4 locomotive depending on availability. Sound Transit has received Platinum status (the highest rating) from the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) for the Sound Transit Sustainability program. 2. Describe any innovative components included in your project: these could include design elements, cost saving measures, or other innovations. Positive Train Control (PTC) and other technology on the Sounder locomotive are innovative design elements. More efficient Tier 3 and Tier 4 locomotives also save on fuel. A Tier 3 locomotive saves 1% on fuel as compared to a Tier 0 locomotive. A Tier 4 locomotive saves 8% more fuel. 3. Describe the process that your agency uses to determine the benefits of 3. Describe the process that your agency uses to determine the benefits of projects; this could include formal cost-benefit analysis, practical design, or some other process by which the benefits of projects are determined. A full Benefit-Cost analysis was done on all Sound Transit voter-approved plans. In addition to consistency with regional plans, Sound Transit is required to show how ST2 and ST3 meet the requirements of a state law about transit-oriented development and to submit a Benefit- Cost Analysis report. The PSRC’s Transportation Policy Board and Executive Board approved the conformity findings. Sound Transit projects are driven by voter approved commitments. The ST2 Plan was developed through an open public process over a four-year period. During that period, Sound Transit coordinated closely with cities and counties and conducted substantial public outreach. The ST 3 Plan was developed through an open public process over a three-year period. During that time, Sound Transit coordinated closely with cities and counties, the state of Washington, the PSRC and local transit agencies. In addition, Sound Transit received tens of thousands of public comments that helped shape the plan. The Sound Transit Citizen Oversight Panel is an independent 15-member panel of citizen volunteers appointed by Sound Transit's Board to monitor and report on Sound Transit performance in delivering on the commitments made in Sound Move, ST2 and ST3. 4. Final documents N/A Sounder South Line PSRC Centers REDMOND-OVERLAKE ¨¦§5 ¨¦§405 BELLEVUE ¬«3 King Street 90 Legend ¨¦§

!@ Sounder station

Sounder Commuter Rail Current NORTH Future extension ¬«16 TUKWILA

Regional Growth Center

Manufacturing Industrial Center ¬«509 ¬«599 ¨¦§5 Sound Transit district ¬«99 ¨¦§405 ¬«518 Tukwila 2 TUKWILA Miles ´ ¬«167 Map date: 3/15/2017 K I N G Sources: Sound Transit GIS, C O U N T Y King County, WSDOT, PSRC. KENT MIC This map is accompanied by no warranties and is simply a graphic representation.

Kent KENT

¬«16

¨¦§5 FEDERAL WAY ¬«167 AUBURN ¬«99 ¬«18 Auburn

PORT OF ¨¦§705 TACOMA Tacoma Dome TACOMA DOWNTOWN UNIVERSITY PLACE §5 SUMNER ¨¦ PACIFIC P I E R C E South Tacoma PUYALLUP C O U N T Y DOWNTOWN Sumner ¬«167 Puyallup ¬«512 LAKEWOOD 410 ¬«99 ¬« PUYALLUP SOUTH HILL ¬«162 Lakewood

Dupont (Future station)

¨¦§5

G:\REQUESTS\FIT\Grants\Sounder\Maps\SounderSouth_PSRC-GrowthCenters_17March.mxd Appendices - Sounder Vehicle Procurement

Table 1. North line and South line Annual Boardings

Sounder Total Annual Boardings

Southline Northline 4,500,000

4,000,000

3,500,000

3,000,000

2,500,000

2,000,000

1,500,000

1,000,000

500,000

- 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 2. Travel Time Benefit Calculations

Sounder Vehicles Number of New New Seats per Assume 2 trips # of additional Cars Car per day seats per day 3 133 2 798

Annual Ave Travel Annual New daily Hours Save Value / Annual Value of Travel Time Reduced Travel Time trips/seats Annually for Hour of Time Saved Time Per Day Saved (in with the All New Time (Hours Saved * Saved (minutes) minutes) Project Trips Saved Value/Hr) (Hours) 22 5,739 96 798 76,323 $13.45 $1,026,544

Background info

Minutes of Travel Time Minutes of Travel Time Sample Trip Reduced per trip over saved per day driving (Average) (assume round trip) Tukwila Station to Downtown Seattle 18 36 Kent Station to Downtown Seattle 31 61 Auburn Station to Downtown Seattle 31 62 Sumner Station to Downtown Seattle 13 25 Puyallup Station to Downtown Seattle 35 69 Tacoma Dome Station to Downtown Seattle 16 32 Lakewood Station to Downtown Seattle 12 24 Average travel time saved 22 44 Source: Google Maps

Table 3. Sounder South Line Serves Multiple Regional Centers/Manufacturing Centers

Major Employers Growth Center Population Employment Households in Center Auburn Medical Center, Auburn Outlet Collection Seattle Mall, Auburn 1,410 3,372 317 Auburn School District The Boeing Company, Mikron Industies Inc., REI, Columbia Distributing, Starbucks Roasting Kent 1,485 4,326 566 Plant Joint Base Lewis McChord Military base, Clover Park School Lakewood 2,775 6,156 1,422 District, St Clare Hospital Western Washington Fair (Puyallup Fair), Good Samaritan Puyallup Downtown 1,250 2,529 466 Hospital Puyallup South Hill (Sounder Connections Pierce College, YWCA, South Hill provide access) 2,146 6,427 1,639 Mall Amazon, Starbucks, Nordstrom Inc, Expeditors International of Washington, Emeritus Corp, City of Seattle, King County Seattle Downtown 32,783 163,932 17,650 Government Multicare Health System, Mary Bridge Hospital, Franciscan Health System, City of Tacoma, Tacoma Downtown 13,661 34,494 5,609 UW Tacoma Campus Boeing, Westfield Southcenter Tukwila 9 20,867 556 Shopping Mall TOTALS 55,518 242,103 28,225

Manufacturing/ Industrial Center Population Employment Households Kent 2,014 17,883 917 North Tukwila 2,022 13,934 704 Port of Tacoma 2,895 10,175 703 Sumner-Pacific 3,478 11,447 1,405 10,409 53,439 3,729 Source: PSRC 2015 Estimates and American Community Survery 2015

Table 4. Ridership/Trip Reduction and VMT Calculations for 3 Additional Sounder Passenger Cars

# of new # of passenger # of 1-way trips the cars Trips Reduced per passenger cars seats per car will be used on per day Day (Round Trip) 3 133 2 798

Calculations: 3 cars * 133 seats * 2 trips per day = 798 additional seats provided per day

Annualization factor: # Annual Trips of weekdays per year Reduced

260 commute days 207,480

Calculations: 789 additional seats per day * 260 commute days = 207,480 annual trips reduced

Average Trip Length for Annual VMT Sounder South Line Reduced

46.55 9,658,194

Calculations: 207,480 annual trips reduced * 46.55 average trip length = 9,658,194 annual VMT reduced

Table 5 - Puget Sound Clean Air Agency pollution reduction estimates for Sounder project As prepared by the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency on 3-16-17 by Erik Saganić, Air Quality Scientist

Assumptions for EMFAC2014 web database used:

- Data type: Emissions - Region: Air District - Bay Area AQMD - Calendar year: 2019, 2022, 2025, 2028 (10 year period) - Season: Annual - Vehicle Category: EMFAC2011, LDA (light duty automobiles) - Model Year: Aggregated - Speed: 35 mph o Based on weekday average commute times: Federal Way to Seattle (average in 2014 SOV: 22 miles/35 minutes) = 37.7 mph. (Source: WSDOT, The 2015 Corridor Capacity Report, published Oct 2015).

For the cost-benefit assessment, we used the COBRA screening tool from EPA. We input the expected average NOx and PM2.5 levels into the program using King County only assuming most of the trip is through King County. Also, we applied a 7% discount rate.

COBRA is just a screening model with high uncertainty in this case as it is applying the reductions at a County level, whereas some of the emission reductions in this case would apply to a more specific adjacent population. Therefore, these levels are intended to give a ball-park estimate of what benefit these projects could have. For example, it shows mortality benefits as a fraction, representing some of the statistical likelihood could exist, but we obviously can’t have a decimal of a life.

Project 1:

Buy 3 additional Sounder passenger cars, the expected reduced VMTs annually is 9,658,194.

Table 1: Estimated annual emission reductions from 3 additional passenger cars

CO tons NOx tons CO2 tons PM10 tons PM2.5 tons 6.5 (5.0-8.3) 0.52 (0.36-0.73) 2,520 (2,190-2,860) 0.018 (0.016-0.019) 0.017 (0.014-0.018)

Table 2: Estimated annual health benefit from the reductions from 3 additional passenger cars from COBRA:

Health/financial benefit Value $ Total Health Effects (low) $7,800.86 $ Total Health Effects (high) $17,582.95 Adult Mortality (low) 0.001 $ Adult Mortality (low) $7,650.89 Adult Mortality (high) 0.0023 $ Adult Mortality (high) $17,337.80 $ Infant Mortality $19.87 Non-fatal Heart Attacks (low) 0.0001 $ Non-fatal Heart Attacks (low) $11.48 Non-fatal Heart Attacks (high) 0.0009 $ Non-fatal Heart Attacks (high) $106.65 Resp. Hosp. Adm. 0.0002 $ Resp. Hosp. Adm. $5.84 CVD Hosp. Adm. 0.0002 $ CVD Hosp. Adm. $9.52 Acute Bronchitis 0.0018 $ Acute Bronchitis $0.87 Upper Res. Symptoms 0.0332 $ Upper Res. Symptoms $1.10 Lower Res. Symptoms 0.0233 $ Lower Res. Symptoms $0.49 Asthma ER Visits 0.0005 $ Asthma ER Visits $0.21 MRAD 1.0405 $ MRAD $70.45 Work Loss Days 0.1762 $ Work Loss Days $28.14 Asthma Exacerbations 0.0349 $ Asthma Exacerbations $2

For 1 locomotive change:

Table 3: Estimated annual emission reductions from one Tier 3 passenger engine vs a Tier 0*:

NOx tons PM2.5 tons CO2 tons 17 1.2 11 *Based on our estimates from the Sound Transit repower of 2 engines to Tier 3 (EPA grant DE-00J66501).

Table 4: Estimated annual health benefits from one Tier 3 passenger engine vs a Tier 0 from COBRA:

Health/financial benefit Value $ Total Health Effects (low) $369,213.80 $ Total Health Effects (high) $832,187.07 Adult Mortality (low) 0.0482 $ Adult Mortality (low) $362,105.93 Adult Mortality (high) 0.1092 $ Adult Mortality (high) $820,577.96 Infant Mortality 0.0001 $ Infant Mortality $938.97 Non-fatal Heart Attacks (low) 0.0045 $ Non-fatal Heart Attacks (low) $542.82 Non-fatal Heart Attacks (high) 0.0419 $ Non-fatal Heart Attacks (high) $5,044.05 Resp. Hosp. Adm. 0.0101 $ Resp. Hosp. Adm. $276.30 CVD Hosp. Adm. 0.0116 $ CVD Hosp. Adm. $450.49 Acute Bronchitis 0.0869 $ Acute Bronchitis $41.41 Upper Res. Symptoms 1.5752 $ Upper Res. Symptoms $51.98 Lower Res. Symptoms 1.1057 $ Lower Res. Symptoms $23.06 Asthma ER Visits 0.0233 $ Asthma ER Visits $9.92 MRAD 49.3707 $ MRAD $3,342.89 Work Loss Days 8.3606 $ Work Loss Days $1,335.19 Asthma Exacerbations 1.655 $ Asthma Exacerbations $94.85

PHOTOS

Sounder Locomotive

DVR and Positive Train Control (PTC) event Recorder in the Sounder Locomotive

LA Metro Tier 4 Locomotive (with Positive Train Control)

Crowds using feeder bus service to Puyallup Station during the AM Commute

Morning commuters boarding Sounder Passenger Cars

Morning commuters arriving at King Street Station