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Agroforestry: an Attractive REDD+ Policy Option?

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Agroforestry: an Attractive REDD+ Policy Option? AGROFORESTRY – TEEBAGRIFOOD [Exploratory Study] Agroforestry: an attractive REDD+ policy option? worldagroforestry.org unep-wcmc.org un-redd.org teebweb.org Agroforestry: an attractive REDD+ policy option? Authors ICRAF: Sara Namirembe, Scott McFatridge, Lalisa Duguma, Florence Bernard, Peter Minag UNEP WCMC: Marieke Sassen, Arnout van Soersbergen, Eyerusalem Akalu Edited by: Salman Hussain (UNEP TEEB), Kavita Sharma (UNEP TEEB) and Ivo Mulder (UNEP) Disclaimer The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP, contributory organisations or editors. The designations employed and the presentations of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the mention of a commercial entity or product, the legal status of any country, territory, city area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation or designation of its frontiers or boundaries or the designation of its name, frontiers or boundaries. October 2015 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 23 1.1. Selection of case studies…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..24 2. Methods for Ecosystem Services Quatification, Valuation & Scenarios Analysis ... 24 2.1. Information acquisition and management ..................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.1 Valuation of provisioning services ........................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.2 Valuation of regulating services ................................................................................................................................ 25 2.1.3 Use of a total economic value framework, and net present value parameters .................................... 27 2.2 GDP of the Poor ............................................................................................................................................................................ 29 3. Ecosystem Services in case study Agroforestry ............................................................................... 39 3.1. Coffee agroforestry in Ethiopia ............................................................................................................................................ 39 3.1.1 Background Description…………………………………………………………………………………………………......40 3.1.2 Baseline Quantification and valuation of ecosystem services in coffee agroforestry ...................... 41 Baseline ecosystem services and values identification in coffee agroforestry .................................... 50 3.1.3 Gross Margin Estimation of Coffee agroforestry compared to maize monocrop ............................... 50 3.1.4 GDP of the poor ................................................................................................................................................................ 52 3.1.5 Trends, potential scenarios and impact on ecosystem services ................................................................ 54 General remarks on results for coffee in Ethiopia ........................................................................................... 63 3.1.6 Implications for policy and incentives for REDD+ .......................................................................................... 63 3.2 Cocoa agroforestry in Ghana .................................................................................................................................................. 66 3.2.1 Background Description of the cocoa agroforestry system ........................................................................ 66 3.2.2 Baseline quantification and valuation of ecosystem services in cocoa agroforestry ...................... 68 3.2.4 Scenarios analysis and impact on ecosystem services .................................................................................. 84 General remarks on Scenarios 1 and 2 .................................................................................................................. 90 Input Costs and Gross Margin in intensively managed cocoa systems ................................................... 93 3.2.4 Implications for policy and incentives for REDD+ .......................................................................................... 96 3.3 Ngitili agroforestry systems in Tanzania ....................................................................................................................... 100 3.3.1 Description of the Ngitili system.......................................................................................................................... 101 3.3.2 Baseline quantification and valuation of ecosystem services in Ngitili.............................................. 103 Regulating Services ..................................................................................................................................................... 108 Biodiversity .................................................................................................................................................................... 110 Summary of Ngitili ecosystem services and value identification ........................................................... 114 3.3.1 GDP of the poor ............................................................................................................................................................. 114 3.3.3 Trends, potential scenarios and impact on ecosystem services ............................................................. 117 3.3.4 Policies and incentives for promoting Ngitili in production landscapes ............................................ 122 4 .CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................................... 124 Policy options going forward: .................................................................................................................................................. 128 Including agroforestry in the national policy REDD+ framework ........................................................................... 128 Areas for further research ......................................................................................................................................................... 128 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 131 3 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Selected agroforestry systems ...................................................................................................................................10 Table 2: Changes in ecosystem service values different scenarios in coffee agroforestry, Ethiopia ............14 Table 3: Changes in ecosystem service values different scenarios in cocoa agroforestry, Ghana .................15 Table 4: Changes in ecosystem service values under different scenarios in Ngitili Tanzania .........................17 Table 5: Agroforestry area extent (km2) between 2008 and 2010 .............................................................................20 Table 6: Population (millions of people) living in areas with agroforestry .............................................................20 Table 7: Selected agroforestry systems ...................................................................................................................................23 Table 8: Available data for the three selected agroforestry systems and chosen valuation method ...........27 Table 9: Overview of the analysis of coffee agroforestry in Ethiopia .........................................................................39 Table 10: Key characteristics of coffee agroforestry districts in Ethiopia ...............................................................41 Table 11: Annual per hectare quantities and values of provisioning services from coffee agroforestry systems .....................................................................................................................................43 Table 12: Regulating Services from Coffee Agroforestry in Ethiopia (per hectare per year) ..........................46 Table 13: Carbon values in coffee agroforestry systems in Ethiopia (per hectare) .............................................48 Table 14: Ssummary of results for baseline ..........................................................................................................................50 Table 15: Input costs and gross margin per year ................................................................................................................51 Table 16: GDP of the poor calculations for coffee agroforestry in Ethiopia ............................................................54 Table 17: Percentage distribution of population by region (2007) ............................................................................58 Table 18: Biophysical results for Scenario 1 .........................................................................................................................59
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