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Assistant Vice President for Academic Affairs Message from Nancy M. Giardina Nancy M. Giardina, Ed.D. Assistant Vice President for Academic Affairs Director Arnie Smith-Alexander e are proud to present the tenth volume of the Grand Valley State University Associate Director McNair Scholars Journal. It is the culmination of intensive research Dolli Lutes W conducted by our student scholars and their faculty mentors through our Ronald Project Manager E. McNair Scholars Program. Dolli Lutes The Ronald E. McNair Scholars Program, now in its 12th year here at Grand Valley Editors State University, provides an opportunity for students and faculty to apply much Nancy J. Crittenden Summer Hodgman of what is learned within the classroom by engaging, outside the classroom, in Dolli Lutes research activities in a particular area of scholarly interest. These research activities provide a journey through the challenges and affirmations of scholarly work and Cover Design better prepare students for graduate study and the pursuit of a doctoral degree. Grand Valley State University Communications Journal Printing Thank you to the faculty mentors who have worked so closely with our McNair Grandville Printing Scholars to propel their research skills towards the next level of educational challenges. Photography Congratulations to the twelve McNair Scholars whose research is presented here. John Corriveau/cover Your journey and the challenges you have met during this scholarly activity speak Bernadine Carey-Tucker to your talents and persistence in pursuing both your educational and life goals. Graphic Design and Production Thank you for sharing your talents with the university community and continuing Cindy Summers the spirit of this program. Grand Valley State University Finally, thank you to all the people behind the scenes that work to sustain this Faculty Mentors and Research Editors Fred Antczak, Ph.D. program and produce this journal. Your work is valued as well. Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Marshall Battani, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Sociology Martin G. Burg, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Biomedical Sciences Grace Coolidge, Ph.D. Nancy M. Giardina, Ed.D. Assistant Professor of History Assistant Vice President for Academic Affairs David Eick, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Modern Languages and Literatures Julie Guevara, Ph.D. Assessment and Accreditation Officer and Professor of Social Work George Lundskow, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Sociology Dennis Malaret, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Sociology Alex Nikitin, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Biology Toni Perrine, Ph.D. Professor of Communications Andrea Rotzien, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Psychology Robert Smart, Ph.D. Professor of Chemistry Jennifer Stewart, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Sociology Bradley Wallar, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Biology Before You Can Make A Dream Come True, You Must First Have One. —Ronald E. McNair, Ph.D. onald Erwin McNair was born October 21, 1950, in Lake City, South Carolina, R to Carl and Pearl McNair. He attended North Carolina A&T State University where he graduated Magna Cum Laude with a B.S. degree in physics in 1971. McNair then enrolled in the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1976, at the age of 26, he earned his Ph.D. in physics. McNair soon became a recognized expert in laser physics while working as a staff physicist with Hughes Research Laboratory. He was selected by NASA for the space shuttle program in 1978 and was a mission specialist aboard the 1984 flight of the USS Challenger space shuttle. After his death in the USS Challenger space shuttle accident in January 1986, members of Congress provided funding for the Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program. The goal is to encourage low-income, first generation students, as well as students who are traditionally under-represented in graduate schools, to expand their opportunities by pursuing graduate studies. Ronald E. McNair Post-baccalaureate Achievement Program The Purpose Program Services Funding The McNair Scholars Program is The McNair Scholars are matched with The Ronald E. McNair Post- designed to prepare highly talented faculty research mentors. They receive baccalaureate Achievement Program is undergraduates to pursue doctoral academic counseling, mentoring, a TRiO Program funded through the degrees and to increase the number of advising, and GRE preparation. In United States Department of Education individuals (from the target groups) on addition to the above services, the and Grand Valley State University. college and university faculties. McNair Scholars have opportunities to attend research seminars, conduct Who are McNair Scholars? research, and present their finding orally The McNair Scholars are highly or written via poster presentations. In talented undergraduate students who the first semester of their senior year, are from families with no previous the scholars receive assistance with the college graduate, low-income graduate school application process. background or groups under- represented at the graduate level for doctoral studies. The program accepts students from all disciplines. 2 Ronald E. McNair, Ph.D. Table of Contents Charlene Boyd Coping and emotional intelligence in women with a history of eating disordered behavior . 5 Faculty Mentor: Andrea Rotzien, Ph.D. Erika Buckley A Cross-Cultural Study of Weddings through Media and Ritual: Analyzing Indian and North American Weddings . 13 Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Stewart, Ph.D. Ebone S. Colbert Media Coverage of the Civil War in El Salvador . 29 Faculty Mentor: Julie Guevara, Ph.D. Faculty Mentor: Toni Perrine, Ph.D. Rachel A. Dudley Confronting the Concept of Intersectionality: The Legacy of Audre Lorde and Contemporary Feminist Organizations . 37 Faculty Mentor: Marshall Battani, Ph.D. Faculty Mentor: Dennis Malaret, Ph.D. Beth Fisher Presidential Rhetoric: How John Adams and George W. Bush Used Religion to Effectively Communicate with Their Respective Constituency . 47 Faculty Mentor: Fred Antczak, Ph.D. Eric Gladstone Nookaler ambitions: a social-psychological analysis of persuasive speech . 55 Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Stewart, Ph.D. Melissa Guzman Inducing The Holy Spirit through the Pentecostal Message . 67 Faculty Mentor: George Lundskow, Ph.D. Brent Hehl Exploring Important Protein Interactions in the Mammalian Diaphanous-Related Formins: A Closer Look at the Relationship between the Intracellular Skeletal Network and a 2006 McNair Scholars Single Amino Acid Residue . 77 Faculty Mentor: Bradley Wallar, Ph.D. GVSU McNair Scholars Journal VOLUME 10, 2006 3 Table of Contents Brandi Murrell Advanced High Temperature Semiconductor Packaging Material Based on PBO Foam Technologies . 83 Faculty Mentor: Robert Smart, Ph.D. Rebekah Nicholson The Enlightenment and Its Effects on the Haitian Revolution of 1789-1804 . 89 Faculty Mentor: Grace Coolidge, Ph.D. Faculty Mentor: David Eick, Ph.D. Stephanie A. N. Payne Epitope Labeling of Histidine Decarboxylase in Drosophila melanogaster . 97 Faculty Mentor: Martin G. Burg, Ph.D. Catherine Willis Study of the human mitochondrial DNA polymorphism . 107 Faculty Mentor: Alex Nikitin, Ph.D. About the TRiO Programs ....................................................................................116 2006 McNair Scholars 4 Table of Contents VOLUME 10, 2006 Coping and emotional intelligence in women with a history of eating disordered behavior Abstract Introduction Eating disorders pose a serious problem in Eating disorders pose a serious our society. Studies have found that there problem in our society. According to is a negative correlation between eating the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual disorders and emotional coping mechanisms, of Mental Disorders 4th Edition Text a factor of emotional intelligence (EI). This Revised (DSM-IVTR), anorexia nervosa study was designed to discover if women affects between .5 to 1% of females who have a history of eating disorders ages 14 to 18 (APA, 2000). Many more resemble women who report no current or women are affected at a subclinical level. past history of eating disorders and women Anorexia is one of the deadliest mental with current eating problems. Participants health disorders; approximately 1 in 10 included 157 college females. It was found patients with anorexia will die of medical that women who reported a history of eating complications or suicide (Office on problems resembled the control group on Women’s Health, 2006). The symptoms most measures. of anorexia include: a refusal to maintain normal body weight (body weight less than 85% of what is expected); intense fear of becoming fat even when very slim; distorted self- image (patient sees Charlene Boyd herself as fat when she is not); and loss McNair Scholar of menstrual cycles (DSM-IVTR, APA, 2000, pg. 589). There are two types of anorexia: 1) restricting type, where the person significantly reduces calorie intake and 2) binge-purge type, where the person has episodes of significant overeating followed by extreme efforts to get rid of the food (i.e., vomiting, laxative use, diuretics, or enemas). Approximately 50% of individuals with anorexia will later develop bulimia nervosa (ANRED, 2006). Bulimia Nervosa affects 1-3% of women (DSM-IVTR, APA, 2000). Individuals with this disorder also experience significant concerns in regard to their body image, particularly shape and weight. While they tend to maintain normal or slightly above average weight, they engage in extreme binge episodes, followed by some form of compensatory