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Biotic Interactions Within Sandy Beach Ecosystems, with Implications for An BIOTIC INTERACTIONS WITHIN SANDY BEACH ECOSYSTEMS, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR AN ECOLOGICALLY-SOUND BEACH NOURISHMENT ISBN 9789090273839 EAN 9789090273839 Marine Biology Research Group Campus Sterre – S8 Krijgslaan 281 B-9000 Gent Belgium Academic Year 2012-2013 Publically defended on March 15th, 2013 Co-authored one or more chapters: Sarah Vanden Eede, Carl Van Colen, Charlotte De Busschere, Martijn Vandegehuchte, Koen Sabbe, Eric Stienen, Dries Bonte, Jeroen Speybroeck, Wouter Willems, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Lionel Denis, Rosario de la Huz, Gerard Janssen, Iris Menn, Ivan Rodil, Steven Degraer, Magda Vincx For citation to published work reprinted in this thesis, please refer to the original publications (as mentioned in the beginning of each chapter). Van Tomme J (2013) Biotic interactions within sandy beach ecosystems, with implications for an ecologically-sound beach nourishment. Ghent University (UGent), 176 pp. Biotic interactions within sandy beach ecosystems, with implications for an ecologically-sound beach nourishment Biotische interacties in zandstrandecosystemen, met zijn implicaties voor ecologisch onderbouwde strandopspuitingen Joke Van Tomme Promotors Prof. Dr. Magda Vincx Prof. Dr. Steven Degraer Academic year 2012-2013 Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Science (Biology) Members of the reading committee Prof. Dr. Gerard Janssen (Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Dr. Jan Vanaverbeke (Ghent University, Belgium) Dr. Jeroen Speybroeck (INBO, Brussels, Belgium) Dr. Gert Van Hoey (ILVO, Ostend, Belgium) Members of the examination committee Prof. Dr. Gerard Janssen (Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Dr. Jan Vanaverbeke (Ghent University, Belgium) Dr. Jeroen Speybroeck (INBO, Brussels, Belgium) Dr. Gert Van Hoey (ILVO, Ostend, Belgium) Prof. Dr. Dries Bonte, Chairman (Ghent University, Belgium) Prof. Dr. Magda Vincx, Promotor, Secretary (Ghent University, Belgium) Prof. Dr. Steven Degraer, Promotor (Ghent University & KBIN, Brussels, Belgium) Prof. Dr. Ann Vanreusel (Ghent University, Belgium) Dr. Carl Van Colen (Ghent University, Belgium) Table of contents Table of contents Table of contents ...................................................................................................................................... i Dankwoord .............................................................................................................................................. ix Summary ................................................................................................................................................. xi Samenvatting .......................................................................................................................................... xv Chapter 1: General introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1. Physical features of sandy beaches ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Belgian beaches ......................................................................................................................... 2 2. Biological features of sandy beaches .............................................................................................. 3 2.1 Species communities on Belgian dissipative beaches ............................................................... 3 2.2 Food web on intertidal dissipative sandy beaches.................................................................... 5 3. Biotic interactions in the macrobenthos community of intertidal dissipative beaches ................. 8 4. Functions and services of dissipative sandy beaches .................................................................... 10 5. Management and protection of sandy beach ecosystems ........................................................... 11 5.1 Legislation ................................................................................................................................ 12 5.2 Beach nourishment ................................................................................................................. 13 5.3 Knowledge gaps hampering sound beach management ........................................................ 14 6. Aims of the PhD thesis ................................................................................................................... 16 7. Outline of the PhD thesis............................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2: The structuring role of abiotic factors and species densities in distribution patterns of macrobenthos along European Atlantic sandy beaches ....................................................................... 21 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 22 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 23 2. Material and methods ................................................................................................................... 25 2.1 Data collection ......................................................................................................................... 25 2.2 General strategy ...................................................................................................................... 25 i Table of contents 2.3 Missing models ........................................................................................................................ 30 3. Results ........................................................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Important abiotic variables ..................................................................................................... 31 3.2 Important biotic variables ....................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Relative importance of abiotic variables versus species densities .......................................... 33 4. Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 33 4.1 Role of abiotic variables and species densities ....................................................................... 33 4.2 Bathyporeia pilosa and B. sarsi ............................................................................................... 36 4.3 Eteone longa and Eurydice pulchra ......................................................................................... 37 4.4 Limitations of this study .......................................................................................................... 37 5. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 38 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................. 39 Chapter 3: Encounter competition partly explains the segregation of the sandy beach amphipods Bathyporeia pilosa and Bathyporeia sarsi. A mesocosm experiment ................................................... 41 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 42 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 43 2. Material & Methods ...................................................................................................................... 44 2.1 Experimental design ................................................................................................................ 44 2.2 Collection of study organisms and experimental conditions .................................................. 45 2.3 Data analysis ............................................................................................................................ 46 3. Results ........................................................................................................................................... 48 3.1 Bathyporeia pilosa: intraspecific competition ........................................................................ 48 3.2 Bathyporeia sarsi: intraspecific competition ........................................................................... 49 3.3 Bathyporeia pilosa: interspecific effects of B. sarsi................................................................. 50 3.4 Bathyporeia sarsi: interspecific effects of B. pilosa................................................................. 51 4. Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 52 5. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 55 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................
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