DOCSLIB.ORG

Complex Problem Solving Beyond the Psychometric Approach

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Complex Problem Solving Beyond the Psychometric Approach COMPLEX PROBLEM SOLVING BEYOND THE PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACH EDITED BY : Wolfgang Schoppek, Joachim Funke, Magda Osman and Annette Kluge PUBLISHED IN : Frontiers in Psychology Frontiers Copyright Statement About Frontiers © Copyright 2007-2018 Frontiers Media SA. All rights reserved. Frontiers is more than just an open-access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a All content included on this site, pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly such as text, graphics, logos, button icons, images, video/audio clips, research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have downloads, data compilations and an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides software, is the property of or is licensed to Frontiers Media SA immediate and permanent online open access to all its publications, but this alone (“Frontiers”) or its licensees and/or is not enough to realize our grand goals. subcontractors. The copyright in the text of individual articles is the property of their respective authors, subject to a Frontiers Journal Series license granted to Frontiers. The compilation of articles constituting The Frontiers Journal Series is a multi-tier and interdisciplinary set of open-access, this e-book, wherever published, as well as the compilation of all other online journals, promising a paradigm shift from the current review, selection and content on this site, is the exclusive dissemination processes in academic publishing. All Frontiers journals are driven property of Frontiers. For the conditions for downloading and by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute a service to the scholarly copying of e-books from Frontiers’ community. At the same time, the Frontiers Journal Series operates on a revolutionary website, please see the Terms for Website Use. If purchasing Frontiers invention, the tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities of e-books from other websites scholars, and gradually climbing up to broader public understanding, thus serving or sources, the conditions of the website concerned apply. the interests of the lay society, too. Images and graphics not forming part of user-contributed materials may Dedication to Quality not be downloaded or copied without permission. Each Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely Individual articles may be downloaded collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some and reproduced in accordance with the principles of the CC-BY of the world’s best academicians. Research must be certified by peers before entering licence subject to any copyright or other notices. They may not be re-sold a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public - and shape society; as an e-book. therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews. As author or other contributor you Frontiers revolutionizes research publishing by freely delivering the most outstanding grant a CC-BY licence to others to reproduce your articles, including any research, evaluated with no bias from both the academic and social point of view. graphics and third-party materials By applying the most advanced information technologies, Frontiers is catapulting supplied by you, in accordance with the Conditions for Website Use and scholarly publishing into a new generation. subject to any copyright notices which you include in connection with your articles and materials. What are Frontiers Research Topics? All copyright, and all rights therein, Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals are protected by national and international copyright laws. Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. The above represents a summary only. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review For the full conditions see the Conditions for Authors and the Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest Conditions for Website Use. key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how ISSN 1664-8714 to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by ISBN 978-2-88945-573-7 DOI 10.3389/978-2-88945-573-7 contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: [email protected] Frontiers in Psychology 1 September 2018 | Complex Problem Solving Beyond Psychometrics COMPLEX PROBLEM SOLVING BEYOND THE PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACH Topic Editors: Wolfgang Schoppek, Universitat Bayreuth, Germany Joachim Funke, Universität Heidelberg, Germany Magda Osman, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom Annette Kluge, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany “Connectivity” by Clint Adair. License: https://unsplash.com/@clintadair Complex problem solving (CPS) and related topics such as dynamic decision-making (DDM) and complex dynamic control (CDC) represent multifaceted psychological phenomena. In a broad sense, CPS encompasses learning, decision-making, and acting in complex and dynamic situations. Moreover, solutions to problems that people face in such situations are often generated in teams or groups. This adds another layer of complexity to the situation itself because of the emerging issues that arise from the social dynamics of group interactions. This framing of CPS means that it is not a single construct that can be measured by using a particular type of CPS task (e.g. minimal complex system tests), which is a view taken by the psychometric community. The proposed approach taken here is that because CPS is multifaceted, multiple approaches need to be taken to fully capture and understand what it is and how the different cognitive processes associated with it complement each other. Frontiers in Psychology 2 September 2018 | Complex Problem Solving Beyond Psychometrics Thus, this Research Topic is aimed at showcasing the latest work in the fields of CPS, as well as DDM and CDC that takes a holist approach to investigating and theorizing about these abilities. The collection of articles encompasses conceptual approaches as well as experimental and correlational studies involving established or new tools to examine CPS, DDM and CDC. This work contributes to answering questions about what strategies and what general knowledge can be transferred from one type of complex and dynamic situation to another, what learning conditions result in transferable knowledge and skills, and how these features can be trained. Citation: Schoppek, W., Funke, J., Osman, M., Kluge, A., eds. (2018). Complex Problem Solving Beyond the Psychometric Approach. Lausanne: Frontiers Media. doi: 10.3389/978-2-88945-573-7 Frontiers in Psychology 3 September 2018 | Complex Problem Solving Beyond Psychometrics Table of Contents 05 Editorial: Complex Problem Solving Beyond the Psychometric Approach Wolfgang Schoppek, Annette Kluge, Magda Osman and Joachim Funke CONCEPTIONS 08 Complex Problem Solving: What it is and What it is Not Dietrich Dörner and Joachim Funke 19 The Role of Motivation in Complex Problem Solving C. Dominik Güss, Madison Lee Burger and Dietrich Dörner 24 Approaches to Cognitive Modeling in Dynamic Systems Control Daniel V. Holt and Magda Osman 30 Evaluation-Dependent Representation in Risk Defusing Oswald Huber CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH 34 Impact of Cognitive Abilities and Prior Knowledge on Complex Problem Solving Performance – Empirical Results and a Plea for Ecologically Valid Microworlds Heinz-Martin Süß and André Kretzschmar 56 The Efficacy and Development of Students’ Problem-Solving Strategies During Compulsory Schooling: Logfile Analyses Gyöngyvér Molnár and Beno“ Csapó 73 Potential for Assessing Dynamic Problem-Solving at the Beginning of Higher Education Studies Beno“ Csapó and Gyöngyvér Molnár 85 The Association Between Motivation, Affect, and Self-regulated Learning When Solving Problems Martine Baars, Lisette Wijnia and Fred Paas 97 Complex Problem Solving in Teams: The Impact of Collective Orientation on Team Process Demands Vera Hagemann and Annette Kluge EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 114 Beyond Psychometrics: The Difference Between Difficult Problem Solving and Complex Problem Solving Jens F. Beckmann, Damian P. Birney and Natassia Goode 127 Common Process Demands of Two Complex Dynamic Control Tasks: Transfer is Mediated by Comprehensive Strategies Wolfgang Schoppek and Andreas Fischer 140 Experience in a Climate Microworld: Influence of Surface and Structure Learning, Problem Difficulty, and Decision Aids in Reducing Stock-Flow Misconceptions Medha Kumar and Varun Dutt 159 A Cognitive Modeling Approach to Strategy Formation in Dynamic Decision Making Sabine Prezenski, André Brechmann, Susann Wolff and Nele Russwinkel Frontiers in Psychology 4 September 2018 | Complex Problem Solving Beyond Psychometrics EDITORIAL published: 17 July 2018 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01224 Editorial: Complex Problem Solving Beyond the Psychometric Approach Wolfgang Schoppek 1*, Annette Kluge 2, Magda Osman 3 and Joachim Funke 4 1 University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, 2 Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany, 3 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, 4 Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Keywords: complex problem solving, dynamic decision making, system control, knowledge acquisition, thinking and reasoning Editorial on the Research Topic Complex Problem Solving Beyond the Psychometric Approach In 2005, Quesada
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Of Things Past Memorial Book for Anton K. Formann
    Of things past Memorial Book for Anton K. Formann (1949-2010) Edited by Martin Voracek ©2012, The Authors Online version: May 31, 2012 www.antonformann.at/memorialbook.htm 1 – Mit 30 Beiträgen, von – Dankmar Böhning Ines M. Breinbauer Birgit Brenner-Walter Christoph Burger Pantelis Christodoulides Martina Edl Rosemarie Felder-Puig Gerhard H. Fischer Georg Gittler Brigitta Hoys Erich Kirchler Sabine Koch Klaus D. Kubinger Michael Kundi Claus Lamm Ingo W. Nader Jakob Pietschnig Karl Piswanger Brigitte Rollett Barbara Rupp Anne H. E. Schild Michael G. Schimek Christiane Spiel Stefan Stieger Karl Ralf Swazina Reinhard Topf Ulrich S. Tran Martin Voracek Karin Waldherr Germain Weber 2 Meine Erinnerungen an Anton (Toni) Formann Dankmar Böhning Mein erster Kontakt zum Namen Anton Formann geht zu Beginn der 1980er Jahre zurück, als ich mich für Mischverteilungen zu interessieren begann, die für mich zunächst nur eine interessante mathematische Geometrie aufwiesen. Später, ja sehr viel später erkannte ich erst ihre fundamentale Bedeutung für die Statistik. Dabei fiel mir eine besondere Klasse von Mischverteilungsmodellen auf, die latenten Klassenmodelle, mit der der Name Anton Formann ungebrochen verknüpft ist. In diese Zeit fielen auch eine Reihe von Konferenzen, in denen diese und ähnliche Modelle tiefer diskutiert wurden. Hier traf man u.a. Cliff Clogg (1995 verstorben), Jürgen Rost, Rolf Langeheine, Gerhard Arminger, Heinz Holling und eben Anton Formann. Eine Vielzahl von Besuchen am Wiener Institut in der Liebiggasse folgten, viele davon längere Zeit. Besonders gerne erinnere ich mich an die Gespräche mit Toni. Wir konnten zusammen so herrlich schimpfen, über die Zeitschriften, die uns das Leben so schwer machten.
    [Show full text]
  • Lebenslauf Von Mag. Christoph Burger
    LEBENSLAUF VON MAG. CHRISTOPH BURGER ANGABEN ZUR PERSON Name Mag. Christoph Burger Staatsbürgerschaft Österreich Kontakt [email protected] Webseite www.christoph‐burger.at SCHULISCHE UND AKADEMISCHE AUSBILDUNG seit 2003 (laufend) Lehramtstudium Englisch, Psychologie und Philosophie an der Universität Wien (Ende 2. Studienabschnitt) 2004 – 2012 Diplomstudium Psychologie an der Universität Wien - Diplomarbeit "Metadaten Onlineerhebung" (Note: Sehr gut) - Diplomprüfung mit Auszeichnung bestanden, Prüfungsfächer: psychologische Statistik & Methodenlehre, Forschungsmethoden & Evaluation 1994 –2002 Bundesgymnasium Horn (NÖ), Matura (Reifeprüfung) WEITER‐ UND FORTBILDUNG Juli 2012 Summer School "Theory of Planned Behavior meets SEM", Universität Luxembourg (Prof. Icek Ajzen & Prof. Peter Schmidt) AKADEMISCHE BERUFSERFAHRUNG seit März 2013 (laufend) Universitätslektor am Arbeitsbereich Methodenlehre, Institut für psychologische Grundlagenforschung und Forschungsmethoden (Prof. Martin Voracek; Prof. Alexander von Eye) an der Fakultät für Psychologie, Universität Wien seit März 2013 (laufend) Mitarbeiter im Vizerektorat Lehre und Klinische Veterinärmedizin (Qualitätssicherung Lehre, Prüfungswesen und Evaluation; VR. Prof. Petra Winter) an der Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien 1 März 2010 – Januar 2013 Studienassistent am Arbeitsbereich Methodenlehre, Institut für psychologische Grundlagenforschung und Forschungsmethoden (Prof. Martin Voracek, Dr. Stefan Stieger) an der Fakultät für Psychologie, Universität Wien November 2011 –
    [Show full text]
  • Fertige DIPLOMARBEIT
    Diplomarbeit Titel der Arbeit Gütekriterien eines Alltagsgedächtnistests mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der ökologischen Validität Verfasserin Bianca Krohn Angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Naturwissenschaften (Mag. rer. nat.) Wien, im April 2009 Studienkennzahl: 298 Studienrichtung: Psychologie Betreuer: Univ. Prof. Dr. Anton Formann MSc. DANKSAGUNG An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich bei all jenen Personen bedanken, die mich direkt oder indirekt bei der Diplomarbeit unterstützt haben. Zunächst danke ich Univ. Prof. Dr. Anton Formann MSc. für die Betreuung meiner Diplomarbeit und die konstruktiven Anregungen in den Forschungsseminaren. Großer Dank gebührt auch Mag. a Michaela Schmöger, die nicht nur mein Interesse am Alltagsgedächtnis geweckt, sondern mich auch durch inhaltliche, statistische sowie formale Anregungen beim Verfassen meiner Diplomarbeit unterstützt hat. Besonderer Dank gilt Gabriele H., die im Zuge ihres Praktikums mit dem Alltagsgedächtnistest arbeitete und an der Datenerhebung für die vorliegende Arbeit beteiligt war. Auch den 150 Personen, die sich testen ließen und dafür über zwei Stunden zur Verfügung standen, möchte ich an dieser Stelle meinen Dank aussprechen. Für das gewissenhafte Korrekturlesen der Arbeit möchte ich mich bei meiner Studienkollegin und Freundin Jasmin C. sowie bei MMag. a Margarete H. bedanken. Ich danke auch meiner Familie und meinem Partner, die mir in emotionaler Hinsicht Beistand leisteten. Insbesondere bedanke ich mich bei meinen Eltern für ihre finanzielle sowie emotionale Unterstützung.
    [Show full text]
  • 687 KB PDF File
    Teaching Rasch RASCH MEASUREMENT Transactions of the Rasch Measurement SIG American Educational Research Association Vol. 24 No. 3 Winter 2010 ISSN 1051-0796 Fred Lord and Ben Wright discuss Rasch and IRT Models These letters illustrate how Lord‘s and Wright‘s discriminating power and some have none at all. This explorations intersected and then diverged, with Lord means that the item characteristic curves of typical test basing his thinking on the normal ogive and the frailties items frequently cross each other. In Rasch‘s model, it is of empirical data, but Wright basing his on objective impossible for the characteristic curves to intersect measurement and the demands of an ideal model. (except, of course, at the extreme ends where all curves meet in the same points). Letter from Frederic M. Lord to Benjamin D. Wright, November 18, 1965: ―Rasch‘s model for unspeeded tests ―This leaves us with a dilemma. Shall we have objective [the Rasch dichotomous model] can be considered as a measurement, which does not really hold for the test items special case of the normal-ogive model, as Rasch himself we use? Or shall we allow the term measurement to points out extremely briefly at the end of Section 8 of his include what we get from actual test items? I suppose one Chapter VII. The usual normal-ogive model has two possible solution would be to discard all of those items parameters for each item, whereas Rasch uses only one of that violate Rasch‘s assumptions. This possibility would these. Rasch‘s model is thus a somewhat special case.
    [Show full text]
  • Program 10Th Annual Conference Hotel TRYP Centro Norte (Madrid, SPAIN)
    International Society for Intelligence Research ---December 17-19 2009--- Juan Huarte de San Juan Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1529-1588) (1852-1934) Juan Huarte de San Juan drew a His pioneering investigations of the remarkably cogent picture of microscopic structure of the brain were so individual differences in human original and influential that he is considered by thought. Huarte’s distinction between many to be the greatest neuroscientist of all problem solving by memory or by time [Jacobsen, Marcus (1993). Foundations of imagination is mirrored in neuroscience. Springer. pp. 237] contemporary theories that distinguish between the ability to do abstract reasoning and the ability to apply previously learned solution methods (E.B. Hunt, In Press, On human intelligence. Cambridge). Program 10th Annual Conference Hotel TRYP Centro Norte (Madrid, SPAIN) 1 Acknowledgements Organizers Roberto Colom & Mª Ángeles Quiroga Universidad Autónoma de Madrid & Universidad Complutense de Madrid Advisory Committee Thomas Bouchard University of Minnesota Ian Deary University of Edinburgh Douglas K Detterman Case Western Reserve University Linda Gottfredson University of Delaware Earl Hunt University of Washington, Seattle Wendy Johnson University of Edinburgh, University of Minnesota David Lubinski Vanderbilt University Robert Plomin University of London Con Stough Swinburne University of Technology Thanks to the Templeton Foundation for their support and Elsevier for sponsoring the reception. 2 International Society for Intelligence Research (ISIR) Program
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomarbeit
    Diplomarbeit Titel der Arbeit IQ und kognitive Leistungen von pädiatrischen PatientInnen mit Medulloblastom Verfasserin Barbara Rupp Angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Naturwissenschaften (Mag. rer. nat.) Wien, im April 2010 Studienkennzahl: 298 Studienrichtung: Psychologie Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Anton Formann 2 In Erinnerung an meine Großeltern Gertrude und Reinfrid Burkert 3 4 Danksagung Mein besonderer Dank gilt meinem Betreuer Herrn Univ. Prof. Dr. Anton Formann. Durch seine Geduld, die lehrreichen Diskussionen und Anmerkungen hat er mich zu einer kritischen Reflexion meiner Arbeits- und Denkweise angeregt. Nicht zuletzt wurde dadurch mein Interesse an der klinischen Grund- lagenforschung unter besonderer Beachtung methodischen Wissens geprägt und vertieft. Meinem Freund Wolfgang Steiner möchte ich dafür danken, mich in so vielen schwierigen Phasen des Studiums begleitet zu haben und meinen Horizont durch viele konstruktive, inhaltliche und auch persönliche Diskussionen erweitert und bereichert zu haben. Meinen Eltern danke ich für all die Jahre, in denen sie mich durch ihren Glauben an meine Person und mein Tun begleitet und motiviert haben, meine Zukunftspläne zu realisieren. Herrn Mag. Thomas Pletschko gilt mein Dank für die intensive Unterstützung beim Entstehen dieser Arbeit und die vielen inhaltlichen Diskussionen und Kommentare. Für die mir so wichtige freundschaftliche und emotionale Unterstützung gilt mein besonderer Dank Anita und meinem Bruder Reinfrid. Frau Dr. Ulrike Leiss hat durch ihre Kompetenz auf dem Gebiet der pädiatrischen Neuropsychologie und der Leidenschaft, mit der sie in diesem 5 Forschungsbereich arbeitet, den Wunsch hervorgerufen diese Arbeit zu realisieren. Weiters gilt mein Dank Julia Steiner für das Korrekturlesen der vorliegenden Arbeit. Abschließend danke ich all jenen Personen, insbesondere Ursula Burkert, die mich während des Studiums begleitet und unterstützt haben, und dadurch das Entstehen dieser Arbeit ermöglicht haben.
    [Show full text]
  • And Applications: an Introduction Ronald K
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universiteit Twente Repository Advances in Item Response Theory and Applications: An Introduction Ronald K. Hambleton University of Massachusetts, Amherst Wim J. van der Linden Twents University of Technology Test theories can be divided roughly into two categories. The first is classical test theory, which dates back to Spearman’s conception of the observed test score as a composite of true and error components, and which was introduced to psychologists at the beginning of this century. Important milestones in its long and venerable tradition are Gulliksen’s Theory of Mental Tests (1950) and Lord and Novick’s Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores (1968). The second is item response theory, or latent trait theory, as it has been called until recently. At the present time, item response theory (IRT) is having a major impact on the field of testing. Models derived from IRT are being used to develop tests, to equate scores from nonparallel tests, to investigate item bias, and to report scores, as well as to address many other pressing measurement problems (see, e.g., Hambleton, 1983; Lord, 1980). IRT differs from classical test theory in that it assumes a different relation of the test score to the variable measured by the test. Although there are parallels between models from IRT and psychophysical models formulated around the turn of the century, only in the last 10 years has and test users. Work Rasch Fischer IRT had any impact on psychometricians by (1980/1960), (1974),9 Birnbaum (1968), ivrighi and Panchapakesan (1969), Bock (1972), and Lord (1974) has been especially influential in this turnabout; and Lazarsfeld’s pioneering work on latent structure analysis in sociology (Lazarsfeld, 1950; ~,a~~rsfeid ~ Henry, 1968) has also provided impetus.
    [Show full text]
  • Patrick Mair Modern Psychometrics with R Use R!
    UseR! Patrick Mair Modern Psychometrics with R Use R! Series Editors Robert Gentleman Kurt Hornik Giovanni Parmigiani More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6991 Patrick Mair Modern Psychometrics with R 123 Patrick Mair Department of Psychology Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA ISSN 2197-5736 ISSN 2197-5744 (electronic) Use R! ISBN 978-3-319-93175-3 ISBN 978-3-319-93177-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93177-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018946544 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Do We Still Need IQ-Scores? Misleading Interpretations of Neurocognitive Outcome in Pediatric Patients with Medulloblastoma: a Retrospective Study
    J Neurooncol DOI 10.1007/s11060-017-2582-x CLINICAL STUDY Do we still need IQ-scores? Misleading interpretations of neurocognitive outcome in pediatric patients with medulloblastoma: a retrospective study Barbara Wegenschimmel2 · Ulrike Leiss1 · Michaela Veigl3 · Verena Rosenmayr1 · Anton Formann · Irene Slavc1 · Thomas Pletschko1 Received: 22 February 2017 / Accepted: 23 July 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Over the past decades, many studies used global 0–3 years after diagnosis with the Wechsler Intelligence outcome measures like the IQ when reporting cognitive Scales. Information processing speed and visuomotor outcome of pediatric brain tumor patients, assuming that function were measured by the Trailmaking Test, Form A. intelligence is a singular and homogeneous construct. In Our findings indicate that FIQ was considerably impacted contrast, especially in clinical neuropsychology, the assess- by processing speed and visuomotor coordination, which ment and interpretation of distinct neurocognitive domains leaded to an underestimation of the general cognitive per- emerged as standard. By definition, the full scale IQ (FIQ) formance of many patients. One year after diagnosis, when is a score attempting to measure intelligence. It is estab- patients showed the largest norm-deviation, this effect lished by calculating the average performance of a number seemed to be at its peak. As already recommended in inter- of subtests. Therefore, FIQ depends on the subtests that are national guidelines, a comprehensive neuropsychological used and the influence neurocognitive functions have on test battery is necessary to fully understand cognitive out- these performances. Consequently, the present study inves- come. If IQ-tests are used, a detailed subtest analysis with tigated the impact of neuropsychological domains on the respect to the impact of processing speed seems essential.
    [Show full text]
  • Regularized Latent Class Analysis for Polytomous Item Responses: an Application to SPM-LS Data
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 12 July 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0269.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Journal of Intelligence 2020, 8, 30; doi:10.3390/jintelligence8030030 Article Regularized Latent Class Analysis for Polytomous Item Responses: An Application to SPM-LS Data Alexander Robitzsch 1,2* 1 IPN – Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Kiel, Germany 2 Centre for International Student Assessment (ZIB), Kiel, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The last series of Raven’s standard progressive matrices (SPM-LS) test were studied with respect to its psychometric properties in a series of recent papers. In this paper, the SPM-LS dataset is analyzed with regularized latent class models (RLCM). For dichotomous item response data, an alternative estimation approach for RLCMs is proposed. For polytomous item responses, different alternatives for performing regularized latent class analysis are proposed. The usefulness of the proposed methods is demonstrated in a simulated data illustration and for the SPM-LS dataset. For the SPM-LS dataset, it turned out the regularized latent class model resulted in five partially ordered latent classes. Keywords: regularized latent class analysis, regularization, fused regularization, fused grouped regularization, distractor analysis 1. Introduction There has been recent interest in assessing the usefulness of short versions of the Raven’s Progressive Matrices. [1] composed the last twelve matrices of the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM-LS) and argued that it could be regarded as valid indicator of general intelligence g. As part of this special issue, the SPM-LS dataset that was analyzed in [1] was reanalyzed in a series of papers applying a wide range of psychometric approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Erforschung Menschlicher Intelligenz
    102 Kapitel 8 Die Erforschung menschlicher Intelligenz Elsbeth Stern Roland H. Grabner Franz Franz E. Weinert „Unabhängig von den unterschiedlichen Fähigkeiten und Talenten der Schüler muss alles gelernt werden, was später gewusst und gekonnt wird. Lernen ist der mächtigste Mechanismus der kognitiven Entwicklung. Das gilt uneingeschränkt sowohl für hochbegabte Kinder als auch für schwächer begabte Schüler.“ (Weinert, 2001, S. 85) tellen wir uns jeweils 20 neun- bis zehnjährige Kinder in drei Klassen A, B, C der vierten Jahrgangsstufe einer Grundschule vor, die von drei unterschiedlichen Mathematiklehrperso- S nen unterrichtet werden. Die Schüler/innen beherrschen bereits die numerischen Grundope- rationen Addition und Subtraktion im kleinen Zahlenbereich, sollen nun aber erstmalig mathema- tische Textaufgaben folgender Art lösen: (a) Maria hat 8 Murmeln. Sie hat 3 Murmeln mehr als Hans. Michael hat 5 Murmeln. Er hat 2 Murmeln weniger als Elisabeth. Wie viele Murmeln haben Hans und Elisabeth zusammen? (b) Susanne zieht jeden Tag eine Hose mit einem T-Shirt an. Sie möchte gern jeden Tag anders angezogen sein. Sie hat 3 Hosen und 5 T-Shirts. An wie vielen Tagen kann sie anders angezogen sein? Zur Lösung derartiger Aufgaben müssen neben Kenntnissen über die mathematischen Grund operationen zweifellos Fähigkeiten zum schlussfolgernden Denken, ge- nauer genommen zum deduktiven Denken zur Anwendung kommen. Dabei müssen aus vorgege- benen Informationen neue Informationen erschlossen werden. Alles, was zur Lösung der Aufgabe gebraucht wird, muss also im Kopf konstruiert werden, und genau das erfordert eine Art von Intel- ligenz, wie sie jedem Menschen eigen ist. Überraschenderweise zeigen sich jedoch schon bei den recht grundständigen Lösungen der vorgestellten Aufgaben beachtliche Leistungs unter schiede zwi- schen den Klassen und innerhalb der Klassen (Tabelle 8.1).
    [Show full text]
  • Political Strategies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
    Political Strategies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica EDITED BY Sarah Kurnick and Joanne Baron Political Strategies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica Political Strategies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica EDITED BY Sarah Kurnick and Joanne Baron UNIVERSITY PRESS OF COLORADO Boulder © 2016 by University Press of Colorado Published by University Press of Colorado 5589 Arapahoe Avenue, Suite 206C Boulder, Colorado 80303 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The University Press of Colorado is a proud member of Association of American University Presses. The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams State University, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Regis University, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, Utah State University, and Western State Colorado University. ∞ This paper meets the requirements of the ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). ISBN: 978-1-60732-415-7 (cloth) ISBN: 978-1-60732-416-4 (ebook) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Political strategies in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica / edited by Sarah Kurnick and Joanne Baron. pages cm ISBN 978-1-60732-415-7 (hardback) — ISBN 978-1-60732-416-4 (ebook) 1. Indians of Mexico—Antiquities. 2. Indians of Central America—Antiquities. 3. Indians of Mexico—Politics and government. 4. Indians of Central America—Politics and government. 5. Authority—Political aspects—Mexico—History—To 1500. 6. Authority—Political aspects— Central America—History—To 1500. 7. Social archaeology—Mexico. 8. Social archaeology— Central America. 9. Ethnoarchaeology—Mexico. 10. Ethnoarchaeology—Central America. I. Kurnick, Sarah. II. Baron, Joanne. F1219.3.P7P66 2015 972’.01—dc23 2015010767 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cover illustrations: detail from the Codex Zouche-Nuttall © the Trustees of the British Museum (foreground ); detail of the Lienzo de Ocotepec, courtesy, Vanderbilt University Publications in Anthropology (background ).
    [Show full text]